Classperio PDF
Classperio PDF
Classperio PDF
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION OF
PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENTS
PARTS OF INSTRUMENT
MOUTH MIRRORS
PERIODONTAL PROBES
EXPLORERS
SCALERS
CURETTES
SONIC AND ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENTS
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
INSTRUMENT SHARPENING 2
CLASSIFICATION
Periodontal probes
Explorers
a- sickle scaler
b- curettes
c- hoe, chisel and file scaler
d- ultrasonic and sonic scaler
Periodontal endoscope
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WORKING END DESIGN
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PERIODONTAL PROBES
Are used to locate , measure and mark the pockets
and also to determine their course in individual
tooth.
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WALKING OF PROBE
Walking stroke is a series of strokes along the
junctional epithelium.
Each up and down stroke should be exactly 1mm in
length.
The stroke should be very close together
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EXPLORER
Are used to locate calculus deposits and caries.
To locate subgingival deposits and carious areas, to
check smoothness of the root surfaces after root
planing.
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SHEPHERD HOOK EXPLORER
Examination for dental caries and
irregular margins of the restoration.
E.g : 23 and 54 explorer
STRAIGHT EXPLORER:
Calculus detection in shallow pockets.
E.g : 6, 6A, 6L
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CURVED EXPLORER
Calculus detection in normal and
shallow pockets
E.g : 3 and 3 A
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STROKE DIRECTION
VERTICAL STROKE on anterior and mesial and
distal of posterior surface.
OBLIQUE STROKE used on facial and lingual
surface of posterior teeth.
HORIZONTAL STROKE used at the line angles of
posterior teeth and mid lines of facial and lingual
teeth.
CORRECT
ANGULATION
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HOE SCALER
used for scaling of ledges or rings of
calculus.
The blade is bent at a 99-degree
angle
the cutting edge is formed by the
junction of the flattened terminal
surface with the inner aspect of the
blade.
The cutting edge is bevelled at 45
degrees.
It can maintain contact at two points
on a convex surface.
Eg : McCall’s #3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 25/56
are a set of six hoe scalers
CHISEL SCALER AND FILES
Designed for the proximal surfaces of the
teeth too closely spaced to prevent the use
of other scalers.
Double ended instrument
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CURETTES
For removing deep subgingival calculus, root
planing altered cementum and removing the soft
tissue lining the periodontal pocket.
Finer than sickle scaler.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF CURETTE
Inner cutting edge is
used for distal surfaces.
Outer cutting edge is
used for lingual, facial
and mesial.
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AREA SPECIFIC CURETTE
-used in specific areas
-one cutting edge used
-curved in two plane
-offset blade
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GRACEY CURETTES
1-2 & 3-4 ANTERIOR TEETH
5-6 ANTERIOR TEETH &
PREMOLARS
7-8 & 9-10 FACIAL & LINGUAL-
POSTERIORS
11-12 MESIAL- POSTERIORS
13-14 DISTAL- POSTERIORS
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#15-16 After five curettes
Mini curette
-Increase access
-Reduce trauma
-E.g morse scaler
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PLASTIC INSTRUMENTS FOR IMPLANT
Plastic rather than metal instruments be used to
avoid scarring and permanent damage to the
implants.
E.g: Coulumbia 4R/4L curette tip,H6-H7 sickle
scaler , 204S sickle scaler tip.
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DIAMOND FILES
Used for final finishing of root surfaces.
Do not use cutting edges
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SONIC INSTRUMENTS
Sonic units consist of a handpiece that attaches to
a compressed-air line .
Vibrations at the sonic tip range from 2000 to 6500
cps
provides less power for calculus removal than
ultrasonic units.
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ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENT
Vibration ranges from 20000 to 45000cps
MAGNETOSTRICTIVE
Pattern of vibration of tip is elliptical.
PIEZOELECTRIC
The pattern of vibration of the tip is linear
The two sides of the tip are the most active
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SEQUENCE OF USE OF TIP
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DENTAL ENDOSCOPE
Allows clear visualization of
deep sub gingival pockets
and in the furcations.
Consists of 0.99mm
diameter reusable fibre optic
endoscope over which is
fitted a disposable sterile
sheath.
Magnification ranges from
24X to 46X.
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CLEANSING AND POLISHING
INSTRUMENT
Rubber cups
Bristle brushes
Dental tape
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SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
Excisional and incisional instruments
Surgical curettes and sickles
Periosteal elevator
Surgical chisels
Surgical files
Scissors
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EXCISIONAL AND INCISIONAL
INSTRUMENT
PERIODONTAL KNIVES e.g : Kirkland knife
INTERDENTAL KNIVES e.g : Orbans knife
Merifield knife#1,2,3,4
SURGICAL BLADES : 15C, 15, 12D
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