(Affiliated To Pokhara University) Department of Civil Engineering
(Affiliated To Pokhara University) Department of Civil Engineering
(Affiliated To Pokhara University) Department of Civil Engineering
Report on
Building Project
Table of Contents
Introduction:.....................................................................................................................................3
Procedure:........................................................................................................................................4
D. Bearing Calculation:................................................................................................................9
G. Detailing:...............................................................................................................................16
Results:...........................................................................................................................................20
Conclusion:....................................................................................................................................20
Introduction:
A Topographic Survey is a survey that gathers data about the relative position and elevation of
points on a piece of land and presents them as contour lines on a plot. The purpose of a
topographic survey is to collect survey data about the natural and man-made features of the land,
as well as its elevations. Topographic maps are used to show elevations and grading features for
architects, engineers, and building contractors.
In topographic surveying. first a number of major stations are fixed following the basic principles
of surveying i.e. to work from whole to the part and to first establish primary points with highest
accuracy. After establishing the stations, their relative position, both coordinates and elevations
are fixed by means of linear measurement and levelling. Next the relative positions of these
stations are translated to absolute coordinates by measuring their positions from a fixed point of
known coordinates. Then surrounding features both natural and man-made are recorded by
means of tachometry and other means from these stations. The observations allow us to pin point
every feature on the ground and translate these observations to absolute coordinates. These
features along with contour lines are then plotted in a map in suitable scale which is called a
topographic map. Topographic maps are used in planning and designing of engineering works,
geographical analysis, to find the catchment area of a drainage basin, construction of dams and
reservoirs etc.
D. Bearing Calculation:
3M2
3M
3
N
3M
1
SBM
3M
4
3M
5
Fig. 1. Major Traverse showing corrected internal angles
and bearing of SBM-3M1
Using a prismatic compass, following bearing of the line SBM–3M1 was observed:
Fore bearing of SBM–3M1 = 310° 30’ 00”
Angle made by SBM at 3M1 with zero set at 3M5 = 280° 35’ 20”
Fore bearing of 3M1–3M2 = 360° - (280° 35’ 20” - B.B of SBM–3M1 - Interior Angle 3M1)
= 360° - (280° 35’ 20” - 130° 30’ 00” - 119° 19’ 9”)
= 329° 13’ 49”
∴Fore bearing of 3M1–3M2 = 329° 13’ 49”
* CHECK:
Fore bearing of 3M1–3M2= FB of 3M5–3M1 + Interior angle 3M1 ± 180°
Check: ∑Rise=0.706 m
∑BS=8.922 m ∑Fall=0.706 m
∑FS=8.922 m
G. Detailing:
I) From Station 3M1: Northing(Y): 3061930.991m Easting(X): 335697.473m Elevation(Z): 1293.484m
Inst. Stn. Pt. Sighte Hor. Vertica Stadia Reading Stadia Bearing Hor. Vert. Northing(Y) Easting(X) Elev. (Z)
& Ht. of No. d Ang. l Intercept (°) Dist.
Inst. To (°) Ang. (S) (L) Dist.
(°) Top Mid Bot
1 3M5 0.000 -1.269 1.00 0.762 0.52 0.475 209.910 47.47 -1.052 3061889.838 335673.80 1293.102
0 5 7 0
2 P1 3.236 -1.269 0.91 0.810 0.70 0.217 213.146 21.68 -0.481 3061912.831 335685.61 1293.625
3M1 9 2 9 4
3 OP1 29.117 -1.269 0.87 0.767 0.65 0.224 239.026 22.38 -0.496 3061919.469 335678.27 1293.653
Ht. of 9 5 9 7
Instrument: 4 OP2 35.700 -1.269 0.84 0.725 0.60 0.233 245.610 23.28 -0.516 3061921.374 335676.26 1293.675
1.432m 2 9 9 3
5 OP3 39.986 -1.269 0.82 0.700 0.57 0.241 249.896 24.08 -0.534 3061922.711 335674.85 1293.682
0 9 8 3
6 OP5 43.219 -1.269 0.88 0.772 0.66 0.222 253.129 22.18 -0.492 3061924.551 335676.23 1293.652
2 0 9 9
7 OP6 50.319 -1.269 0.81 0.698 0.57 0.242 260.229 24.18 -0.536 3061926.886 335673.63 1293.682
9 7 8 6
8 OP4 46.903 -1.269 0.78 0.658 0.52 0.263 256.812 26.28 -0.583 3061924.994 335671.87 1293.675
8 5 7 9
9 OP7 32.733 -1.269 0.83 0.701 0.57 0.259 242.643 25.88 -0.574 3061919.095 335674.48 1293.641
0 1 7 1
Inst. Stn. Pt. Sighte Hor. Vert. Stadia Reading Stadia Bearin Hor. Vert. Northing(Y) Easting(X) Elev. (Z)
& Ht. of Inst. No. d Ang. Ang. Intercept g Dist.
To (°) (°) Top Mid Bot (S) (°) (L) Dist.
54 3M1 0.000 0.000 1.805 1.494 1.182 0.623 149.222 62.300 0.000 3061930.909 335697.522 1293.504
55 GP50 2.769 0.000 1.330 1.196 1.064 0.266 151.991 26.600 0.000 3061960.950 335678.133 1293.802
56 GP51 8.111 0.000 1.249 1.124 0.999 0.250 157.333 25.000 0.000 3061961.366 335675.276 1293.874
3M2
57 GP52 11.642 0.000 1.405 1.268 1.130 0.275 160.864 27.500 0.000 3061958.454 335674.657 1293.730
Ht. of 58 GP53 15.689 0.000 1.210 1.125 1.040 0.170 164.911 17.000 0.000 3061968.021 335670.067 1293.873
Instrument: 59 GP54 22.653 0.000 1.238 1.164 1.090 0.148 171.875 14.800 0.000 3061969.783 335667.734 1293.834
1.408m 60 GP55 30.836 0.000 1.190 1.103 1.016 0.174 180.058 17.400 0.000 3061967.035 335665.624 1293.895
61 GP56 39.544 0.000 1.192 1.135 1.076 0.116 188.766 11.600 0.000 3061972.970 335663.874 1293.863
62 GP57 330.750 0.000 1.298 1.238 1.178 0.120 119.972 12.000 0.000 3061978.440 335676.037 1293.760
63 GP58 83.422 0.000 1.694 1.480 1.266 0.428 232.644 42.800 0.000 3061958.465 335631.621 1293.518
64 GP59 106.219 -0.303 1.979 1.792 1.606 0.373 255.441 37.299 - 3061975.059 335629.540 1293.009
0.197
III) From Station 3M3: Northing(Y): 3061953.111m Easting(X): 335611.418m Elevation(Z): 1293.048m
Inst. Stn. Pt. Sighte Hor. Vert. Stadia Reading Stadia Bearin Hor. Vert. Northing(Y) Easting(X) Elev. (Z)
& Ht. of No. d Ang. Ang. Intercep g Dist.
To (°) (°) Top Mid Bot t (S) (°) (L) Dist.
86 3M2 0.000 0.000 1.190 0.880 0.565 0.625 59.987 62.50 0.000 3061984.374 335665.5369 1293.594
3M3 0
87 GP82 318.511 0.000 1.514 1.478 1.442 0.072 18.498 7.200 0.000 3061959.939 335613.7019 1292.996
Ht. of Inst.: 88 GP83 302.536 0.000 1.631 1.616 1.599 0.032 2.523 3.200 0.000 3061956.308 335611.5584 1292.858
1.426 89 GP84 246.611 -14.881 1.555 1.505 1.460 0.095 306.598 8.873 -2.358 3061958.402 335604.2935 1290.611
90 GP85 191.314 -14.883 1.090 1.042 0.998 0.092 251.301 8.593 -2.284 3061950.356 335603.2781 1291.148
Inst. Stn. Pt. Sighte Hor. Vert. Stadia Reading Stadia Bearin Hor. Vert. Northing(Y) Easting(X) Elev. (Z)
& Ht. of No. d Ang. Ang. Intercep g Dist.
Results:
The main objective of the topographic survey was to prepare the topo map of the area. The above observations and calculations allowed us to plot the
map of the surveyed area which in turn gives the information about the relief in the area as well as various natural as well as man-made features. The
area surveyed was a tableland and is clearly depicted in the contour map.
Conclusion:
To prepare a topographic map of a given area, we first need to establish a series of points and lines called stations and traverse leg respectively which
we measure precisely and with the help of these points of known or calculated coordinates we then establish secondary points of interest in the area.