Rainbow Class 8 PDF
Rainbow Class 8 PDF
Rainbow Class 8 PDF
Lesson 1
Another Chance
New Words
Word Meaning
often - अ सर
mistake - -गलती
desire -इ ा
failure -असफलता
Comprehension Questions
1. Answer the following questions:
'A' 'B'
Word Power
1.success_______
2.old _______
3.shallow _______
4.never _______
5.end _______
6.despair _______
2.face__ , __ , _
3.chin____ , ___ , __
Activity
Read the table and decode the message. The first word has
been decoded :
Instructions for teacher :
THE KABULIWALLAH
Little Mini was five years old and a great chatterbox. She
simply could not live without chatting all the time. Her mother was
often worried about this non stop talking of Mini, and tried to silence
her. Her conversation with her father was always very lively.
One day, Mini burst into her father’s study room. She put her
arm around him and said, “What do you think, Father? Bhola says
there is an elephant in the clouds who blows water out of its trunk
and that is why it rains!”. Before her father could reply she ran to the
window, “Ae Kabuliwallah! Ae Kabuliwallah!”
One day there was a lot of noise in the street. Rehman had stabbed
a man who owed him money. For this crime he was sent to prison.
Time passed and Mini soon forgot her old friend, the Kabuliwallah.
She grew up into a very pretty woman. Her father made
arrangements for Mini’s wedding. Mini was getting married that
night. As the father was busy in the preparations, a man came upto
him and saluted respectfully. At first he did not recognise him. Soon
he realised, it was old Rehman, the Kabuliwallah. Mini’s father told
him that the marriage ceremonies are going on and he should come
on another day.
He was about to leave when he turned around and said, “May I see
the little one , sir?”
He still thought of Mini as a little girl who came running to him and
calling,
Mini’s father told him again that the marriage ceremonies are going
on. The Kabuliwallah then gave him a small packet of dried raisins,
nuts and almonds for Mini and said, “Give these to the little one. I
too have a little one like her and I think of her and bring you this
fruit.”
Mini’s father could not control his tears. He realised that the poor
Kabuliwallah was also a father. He called Mini, who came out
dressed as a bride. The Kabuliwallah was shocked to see that Mini,
the little girl he had known had grown into a beautiful woman. He
suddenly realised that his own daughter would have grown up too
and broke into tears. Mini’s father took out some money and gave it
to Rehman and said, " Go and see your daughter and may you have
all the happiness."
Mini's father had to cut down the expenses of the wedding. He could
not afford the millitary band and the electric lights but he was happy
that his money had helped a long-lost father meet his only child once
again.
New Words
Word Meaning
chatterbox बातूनी
stabbed - छु रा घ पना
prison - जेल
ceremonies -र म
raisins - कश मश
Comprehension Questions
Word Power
afford,suddenly,sacks,stabbed,owed
a. We keep grains in __
2. Suggest a suitable word from the given box for each of the
following sentences:
optimist,democracy,patriot,chatterbox, literate
Example:
Language Practice
a.You had a long day. Go _______ rest for a while. (and / but / or)
b.We could not buy the medicine _______ all the shops were closed.
(because / so / or)
c.I went to bed early _______ I couldn't watch the T.V. show last
night. (or / so / but)
d.The stick was thin _______ it was strong. (or / but / and)
Activity
Rakesh was very excited. It was his last day of exam. His vacation
was about to begin. He walked back home cheerfully.
“Rakesh, don’t disturb your brother. His exams are not yet over,” his
mother said. Rakesh returned to his room sadly. His brother Mukesh
was preparing for the board exams. His parents did not want
Mukesh to be disturbed.
“No, don’t waste your time. Go and study,” she said firmly. Quietly,
Mukesh returned to his room but could not concentrate on his
studies. He was eager to use his electrical tool kit. Mukesh had
selected each tool with utmost care. He kept looking at it. He could
not control himself and finally got up to fix the lamp.
“Wow! Mukesh you are brilliant. I knew you would be able to do it,”
exclaimed Rakesh. “Sorry for the trouble Mr. Yadav, the work is
already done,” said the mother to the electrician. “I am sure Mukesh
must have done it. You already have an expert electrician at home,”
Mr. Yadav said and left with a smile.
“Now stop wasting your time, and get back to your studies,” mother
told Mukesh.
The next day he went to the Technical Training Institute with his
father. There he gained admission in the course of his choice.
New Words
Word Meaning
firmly -मजबूती से
Comprehension Questions
cavaontis Vacations -
riousculy _______ -
__________________
netrsly _______ -
______________
ergae _______ -
_________
feropssnio _______ -
_________________
Language Practice
Now use the above given phrasal verbs in sentences of your own to
bring out their meaning. One has been done for you:
Activity
A Visit to Cambridge
And suddenly I felt weak all over. Growing up disabled, you get
fed up with people asking you to be brave, as if you have a courage
account on which you aretoo lazy to draw a cheque. The only thing
that makes you stronger is seeing somebody like you, achieving
something huge. Then you know how much is possible and you
reach out further than you ever thought you could.
“I haven’t been brave,” said his disembodied computer- voice,
the next afternoon. “I’ve had no choice.”
The answer flashed. “Yes.” Then he smiled his one-way smile and I
knew, without being sentimental or silly, that I was looking at one of
the most beautiful men in the world.
“What do you think is the best thing about being disabled?” I had
asked him earlier.
I told him how he had been an inspiration beyond cliche for me, and,
surely, for others—did that thought help him?
“No”, he said; and I thought how foolish I was to ask. When your
body is a claustrophobic room and the walls are growing narrower
day by day, it doesn't do much good to know that there are people
outside smiling with admiration to see you breathing still.
“Is there any advice you can give disabled people, something that
might help make life better?”
The half hour was up. “I think I’ve annoyed you enough,” I said,
grinning. “Thank you for ..........”
I touched his shoulder and wheeled out into the summer evening.
Firdaus Kanga
New Words
Word Meaning
metaphor - पक
exhilaration -रोमांच
propelled - धकेलना
claustrophobicबंद ान से डर लगना
Comprehension Questions
1. Answer the following questions:
Word Power
Walk Stick
Now make six such phrases using the words given below
read/session
smile/face
revolve/chair
walk/tour
dance/doll
win/chance
Language Practice
I don’t eat candy. I don’t eat cake.Neither do I eat candy nor cake.
2. Use all or both in the blanks. Tell your partner why you
chose one or the other.
Activity
Write some important discoveries made by Stephen Hawking in
your notebook.
Lesson 5
PLAY THINGS
Rabindranath Tagore
New Words
Word Meaning
twig - टहनी
accounts - लेखा जोखा
glance - नजर डालना
absorbed त लीन हो गया
lumps -ढे ला
strength -बल,श
frail -कमजोर
desire -इ ा
canoe -ल बी ,ह क नाव
Comprehension Questions
Word Power
Cricket ___
Skating ___
Badminton _
Football ____
Activity
» Discuss among yourselves the game you like the most and
write a paragraph about it.
AWESOME ASSAM
The traditional craft like pottery and terracotta work, brass craft,
jewellery making, bamboo craft, silk and cotton weaving and wood
craft are some major sources of self-employment for the people of
Assam.
New Words
Word Meaning
awesome शानदार
foothills - पहाड़ के नीचे क छोट घा टयाँ
fauna - जीव ज तु
flora - पौधे
resources- संसाधन
sanctuary-पशु प य का वचरण ल
bison जंगली भसा
Comprehension Questions
Word Power
celebrated,diverse,occupation,religions
Language Practice
Take the help of the words given in the brackets. One has
been done for you.
_ ? (where/grandparents/live)
________ ? (what/name/brother)
Now complete the sentences with too, too much or too many:
» Here is a railway ticket for you. Show it to your partner and ask
these questions.
Railway Ticket
Would you like to know how he became the hero of the 1965 war
between India and Pakistan?
It was the early morning of 10th September 1965, India was fighting
against Pakistan. A Pakistani regiment of Patton Tanks was
marching on the Bhikhiwind –Amritsar Road, in the Khemkaran
sector of India. It had reached a village named Cheema. This village
was on the Indo-Pak border. In this sector, the battle had been going
on since September 6. Here, Havildar Abdul Hamid and the other
soldier of '4 Grenadiers Company' were waiting to face the Pakistani
Army. Brave Abdul Hamid was sitting in a jeep. He had a special
gun. The Patton Tanks of the Pakistani Army were not very far from
him. He could hit the tanks with his guns if he wanted to. He was a
good shot but he did not want to waste his shots. He wanted to hit
the tanks with each of his shots. The Pakistani tanks were very
powerful and dangerous. They were approaching nearer and nearer.
They were firing continually. Brave Abdul Hamid marched forward.
He saw a Pakistani tank. He turned his gun and fired a shot. The
tank caught fire and went up in flames. All the soldiers of Abdul
Hamid's company were very happy.
New Words
Word Meaning
regiment - सै य टु कड़ी
grenadier हथगोला फकने वाला सपाही -
company -सै नक का दल
havildar -थलसेना का पद
continually -लगातार
wounded -घायल
Posthumously -मृ यु के बाद
Comprehension Questions
The war between India and Pakistan was fought in the year
_________
Abdul Hamid turned his gun and fired a _________
Abdul Hamid was awarded __________ for his bravery.
Abdul Hamid's village has been named _________ after his
name.
Word Power
Word Meaning
Language Practice
Indian Armed Forces: The Indian Armed Forces are the military
forces of the Republic of India. It consists of three professional
uniformed services:
The Indian Air Force - It is the air branch of the Indian Armed
Forces.
Dr. Abdul Kalam was a great scientist. He was made the Chancellor
of the Institute of Space Science and Technology. He worked in
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in 1958
and then joined Indian Satellite Research Organisation (ISRO) in
1963. He made significant contribution to Indian Satellite and also in
the missile programme of DRDO. As a Project Director of SLV-III, he
contributed to the development and management of India’s first
indigenous satellite launch vehicle (SLV-III), to inject Rohini Satellite
in the near Earth orbit. His greatest contribution was in the field of
missiles. Agni, Prithvi, Akash, Trishul and Naag missiles were
developed by him. He is known as the ‘Missile Man of India’ for his
work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle
technology.
New Words
Word Meaning
exceptionally -असाधारण प से
chancellor -कुला धप त
pilgrim - या ी
affiliated - सब
indigenous - वदे शी
orbit -गृह उप ह का प र मा पथ
ballistic - ा े पक
vision -
Comprehension Questions
Word Power
A_ _ _
P_ _ _ _ _ _
N_ _ _
A_ _ _ _
T_ _ _ _ _ _
Language Practice
2.Add- 'ly' to the words given in the box to form adverbs and
choose the correct adverbs to make meaningful sentence.
quick+ly= quickly
He ran quickly.
silent,brave,bright,neat,careful
My grandmother prays __
The sun was shining __
We must drive ___
She writes very ___
The soldier fought _
a. ____.
b. __.
c. __.
d. __.
Activity
I am the best.
I can do it.
God is always with me.
I am a winner.
Let's Write
1. ..............
2. ..............
3. ..............
Lesson - 9
Peter Dixon
New Words
Word Meaning
pinched -चुराना
flake - पपड़ी
hymn - धा मक गीत
Comprehension Questions
Why does the poet want to know where the teachers go at four
o’clock?
What are the things normal people do that the poet talks about?
What does he imagine about
Why does the poet wonder if teachers also do things that other
people do?
How does the poet plan to find out? What will he do once he
finds out?
Word Power
2. wax____ ___
3. fast__ ___
4. chop___ __
5. young__ __
Activity
Paste the picture of your favourite teacher and write a paragraph on
him/her in your notebook.
A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops- Henry Adams
Lesson -10
A HERO
Father-Let alone strength, can you prove you have courage? Let
me see if you can sleep alone tonight in my office.
(Swami had always slept beside his granny which irritated his
father.)
Swami -From the first of the next month I will sleep alone father.
In the evening, Swami went to his granny and slept under her
blanket. His father came and said to him.
Father-Get up.
Swami-Let me sleep in the hall please! Your office is very dusty and
there may be scorpions behind your law books.
He shut his eyes tight and covered himself with his blanket under the
bench. He put his hand out to feel granny's presence at his side, as
it was his habit, but he only touched the wooden leg of the bench.
He sweated with fright.
Father called the police. The police was grateful to Swami as he had
caught the notorious thief.The next day in the school, Swami's
classmates congratulated him and looked at him with respect. The
headmaster said that Swami was a true scout. The news of his
bravery was also published in Malgudi Times.
-This story has been adapted from 'Malgudi Days' by R.K. Narayan
New Words
Word Meaning
scorpion - ब ू
advanced उ त
silence - खामोशी
ghost - भूत
rustling - सरसराहट
crawled - रगा
hugged - गले लगाया
burglar - सेध लगाने वाला
published - का शत
Comprehension Questions
Language Practice
Activity
» Discuss with your classmates about any courageous act done
by you.
LESSON - 11
There was an old lady called ‘Kaki’. She crept because her hands
and feet were very weak. Her husband had died long ago. She lived
with her nephew, Buddhiram. She had transferred all her property to
him. Rupa was Buddhiram’s wife. Buddhiram had two sons and a
daughter ‘Ladli’.
The boys never behaved properly with ‘Kaki’. They used to tease her
a lot. Kaki would cry out but no one listened to her. Ladli was the
only one who had sympathy for ‘Kaki’.
The dinner was ready. All the guests had started eating. Kaki in her
room thought not to go until she was called.
The pleasant smell of food was tempting but no one came to call her
for dinner. Thinking she is not a guest that she should wait for the
call, she decided to go outside. She crept into the courtyard but bad
luck! One of the guests saw her and shouted, “Who is this old
woman? Where has she come from? Be careful, she may touch
someone.”
It was eleven in the night. Everyone was sleeping. Ladli had not
eaten her purees yet. She put them in her doll’s basket and went to
Kaki’s room and said, “Get up Kaki, I have brought purees for you”.
Kaki asked, “Has your mother sent these?” Ladli replied, “No, it's my
share.” Kaki finished all the purees but she was still hungry. Kaki
said to Ladli, “Child, go to your mother and bring some more.” Ladli
replied, “If I wake her up she will get angry.” Kaki said, “Take me to
the place where the guests ate.”
Ladli took her and made her sit among the 'pattals'. Kaki began to
eat the food which was left over by the guests.
Just then Rupa woke up. She did not find Ladli beside her. She went
out into the courtyard and saw Ladli standing near the 'pattals'. Kaki
was picking the left over food and eating. Rupa was stunned. She
felt sorry for Kaki who remained hungry even on a day of feast,
where so many people had food to their content. Kaki behaved like
this just for some pieces of purees. She was in a state of shock. Her
eyes were filled with tears.
It was already midnight. Rupa went to Kaki’s room with food. With
tearful eyes she said, “Get up Kaki. I committed a blunder today by
not serving you food. Please forgive me.”
Hearing these words Kaki's heart melted. She forgave her and
began eating. Kaki blessed her soulfully.
New Words
Word Meaning
craving - ती इ ा
property -संप
sizzling -गरमा गरम
insulted -अपमा नत कया
tempting -ललचाने वाला
dragged - घसीटा
blunder -मूखतापूण गलती
Comprehension Questions
Word Power
1. Complete the sentences with suitable words given in the
box :
Language Practice
THREE QUESTIONS
Long, long ago, there lived a very brave and kind king. He wanted to
serve his people well. Once a thought came to the mind of the king.
He thought he would never fail if he knew three things. Those three
things were (1) What is the right time to begin something? (2) Which
people should he listen to? (3) What is the most important thing for
him to do?
Many learned men came to the king but all with different answers. In
reply to the first question, some said- the king must prepare a
timetable and follow it strictly. Others said- it was impossible to
decide in advance the right time for doing something. Yet others said
that the king needed a council of wise men who would help him act
at proper time. Some others said- only magicians could look into the
future and tell the right time for an action.
To the third question, some said the most important thing was
science, others said it was warfare; still others said it was religious
worship.
The king was not satisfied with any of these answers so he decided
to seek the advice of a renowned hermit. The hermit lived in a wood
which he never left. He only met common people. So the king put on
simple clothes. He left his horse with his bodyguards and went alone
to see the hermit.
As the king reached the hermit’s hut, he saw the hermit digging the
ground in front of his hut. The hermit was old and weak. He
breathed heavily as he worked.
The king went upto him and said, “Oh! Wise hermit, I have come to
seek the answers to three questions: How can I learn to do the right
thing at the right time? Who are the most important people for me?
And, what affairs need my first attention?” The hermit listened to
the king, but said nothing. He went on digging. “You are tired,” said
the king. “Let me take the spade and dig for you.”
“Thanks,” said the hermit. Giving the spade to the king, he sat down
on the ground. One hour passed, and another. The sun went down
behind the trees. At last the king stuck the spade into the ground
and said, “Oh wise man! Please answer my questions. If you can
give me none, tell me so and I will return home.”
“Here comes someone running,” said the hermit. “Let us see who
he is.”
The king turned round and saw a bearded man running towards
them. His hands were pressed against his stomach from which
blood was flowing. When he reached the king's side, the man
fainted. There was a large wound in his stomach. The king washed
and bandaged it with his handkerchief and re-bandaged it until the
bleeding stopped. The man felt better and asked for water. The king
brought fresh water for him. By this time, the sun had set and the air
was cool. The king, with the help of the hermit, carried the wounded
man into the hut and lay him down on the bed. The king was tired by
now. He too lay down on the floor and slept all through the night.
When he woke up he saw the bearded man looking at him.
“I don’t know you, and have nothing to forgive you for,” said the king.
“You don’t know me, but I know you. I am an enemy of yours. You
had put my brother to death and seized our property. I knew that
you had gone alone to meet the hermit. I had planned to kill you. But
when you did not return, I came out from my hiding place and your
bodyguards wounded me. Somehow I escaped and reached you.
You dressed my wounds and saved my life. Now, if I live, I will serve
you as your most faithful servant. Forgive me!”
The king was happy to have won over his enemy so easily. The king
promised him to give back his property. The bearded man thanked
the king and left.
Before leaving, the king wanted to meet the hermit. The hermit was
sowing seeds in the field. The king said to him, “Please answer my
questions.” “Your questions have already been answered,” said the
hermit.
“Yes, if you had not dugged the field for me you would have gone
away. Then that man would have attacked you and you would have
wished you had stayed with me. So the most important time was
when you were digging the field. And I was the most important man
and to do me good was your most important thing. Afterwards, when
the man ran to us, the most important time was when you were
caring for him. So he was the most important man and what you did
for him was your most important thing.
“Remember, there is only one time that is important and that time is
'Now'. The most important person, is the person you are with, at a
particular moment for no one knows what will happen in the future.
The most important thing is to do that person good because we are
sent to this world for that only.”
New Words
Word Meaning
council-सलाहकार प रषद्
warfare -यु के तरीके
renowned- स
hermit -स यासी
affairs -मामले
seized -क जा कर लया
Comprehension Questions
Language Practice
To forgive others, you should have some qualities. Put a tick against
those that would let you forgive. Put a cross (x) against those that
would not let you forgive:
anger
compassion
kindness
trust
sympathy
selfishness
consideration
love
LESSON 13
New Words
Word Meaning
explore -खोजना
jive -मजाक
tilted -झुका आ
heaven - वग
spot -दाग
Comprehension Questions
1 Answer the following questions:
Word Power
emcyurr __
vsneu __
herat __
mras __
ejurtpi ___
asrunt __
asuurn _
npneuet ___
Activity
Activity
Do you know the name of the man who gave India wings?
Some people said in jest that he got his surname from an ancestor
who stood on the shores of Bombay and waved ‘ta-ta’ to the
departing ships.
JRD became India’s first licensed pilot in 1929. It was JRD who gave
India wings to fly in 1932. JRD set up Tata Aviation Service, by
piloting the first flight himself from Karachi to Bombay in a small
aircraft. JRD at the age of 34 was elected the Chairman of Tata and
Sons in 1938, making him the youngest head of the largest industrial
group in India. In 1948, Air India was launched jointly by JRD and
the Indian Government. In 1953, JRD was made the Chairperson of
Air India. For the next 25 years he worked tirelessly to make Air
India successful. JRD excelled not only as an aviator but also as a
philanthropist, educationist, sportsman, poet and sculptor. He
received the highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna, in 1992 from
the Indian Government.
Word Meaning
ancestor -पूवज
recruited -भत कया
heir -उ रा धकारी
tirelessly - बना थके
excelled -ब त अ ा कया
philanthropist -मानवता वाद
educationist - श ा वद
sculptor -मू तकार
Comprehension Questions
What was the name of JRD’s parents and which country did
they belong to?
Name the aviation service setup by JRD.
Why did he not have a college degree?
Who became the Director of Tata Boards after Ratanji’s death?
Why was JRD awarded the Bharat Ratna?
What was JRD’s last public statement?
What different areas did JRD excel in?
c. to help others
2.JRD received the highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna in-
a. 1980
b. 1989
c. 1992
Language Practice
to,from,in, into, on
In Indirect Speech-
Example -
Activity
» You have read about JRD Tata - pick out the qualities that
you liked about him and write in the space given below-
______________.
» Find out the names of some great industrialists of India.
Also mention the field in which they have contributed.
4
LESSON-15
Even today, while buying toys for children, parents tend to buy dolls,
indoor games and kitchen playing sets for their daughters, but
cricket bats and footballs for their sons.
On the other hand there are many Indian sportswomen who have
brought glory to the nation by winning medals and titles.
Now, things have certainly improved for women. The role and status
of an Indian woman in sports have become equivalent to that of a
man.
Geeta Phogat is an Indian wrestler and the first sports woman from
the country to have qualified for the Olympics. She is a freestyle
wrestler who has won India’s first ever gold medal in wrestling at the
Commonwealth Games. She has been conferred with the 'Arjuna
Award' for outstanding achievement in National Sports in 2012.
New Words
Word Meaning
dominated -हावी आ
encouraged - ो सा हत कया
conferred - द कया
virtues -स ण
motivated - े रत कया
glory -स मान मलना
fortunately-सौभा य वश
athelete -खेलकूद तभागी
honoured-स मा नत कया
Comprehension Questions
Word Power
Expressions Meanings
Language Practice
Example-
Activity
Let's Write
Tennis
Cricket
Football
Badminton
Hockey
LESSON-16
WORLD PEACE
Aman and Shanti -Okay madam, we shall try to keep peace in the
society.
Teacher-You got both the words ‘world ’ and ‘peace’. Now I combine
these words and define it to you. 'World Peace' means happiness,
freedom and peace among people. 'World Peace' means ‘to bring
the world in harmony.’
Aman and Shanti -No madam. We don't have any idea about it.
New Words
Word Meaning
Comprehension Questions
Word Power
'A' 'B'
snatch same
quarrel non-violence
friend release
freedom peace
harmony conflict
violence slavery
eliminate enemy
different include
Language Practice
Both the sentences mean the same thing. The only difference
between them is that in the first sentence the subject (Ritu) is the
doer of the action i.e., the subject is active. The verb drew is,
therefore said to be in the active voice. In the second sentence, the
subject (picture) is not active, but passive, the verb was drawn is
therefore, said to be in the passive voice.
Satish guided me. Active voice
Let’s Write
Darkness cannot
Hate cannot
a. Mahatma Gandhi
b. Nelson Mandela
c. Dalai Lama
LESSON - 17
The school boy in the poem is not a happy child. What makes him
unhappy? Why does he compare himself to a bird that lives in a
cage, or a plant that withers when it should blossom.
New Words/Phrases
Word Meaning
Comprehension Questions
(iii). the dull/uninspiring life at school with lots of work and no play.
Word Power
(b). happiness - _
(c). rise - __
Activity
Vacation is a time for fun and relaxation for all of us. Write a
paragraph on how would you like to spend your vacations.
Appendix - I
Facing an Interview
› What do you think you will be doing ten years from now?
______________________
Appendix - II
Consult a dictionary and write the meaning of underlined
words:
E-book Development