Rainbow -Class 8

Lesson 1

Another Chance

How often we wish for another chance,

To make a fresh beginning.
A chance to blot out our mistakes,

And change failure into winning.

It does not take a new day,

To make a brand new start.
It only takes a deep desire,
To try with all our heart.
To live a little better,
And to always be forgiving.
And to add a little sunshine,
To the world in which we’re living.

So never give up in despair,

And think, you are through.
For there’s always a tomorrow,
And the hope of starting anew.

-Helen Steiner Rice

New Words

Word Meaning
often - अ सर
mistake - -गलती
desire -इ छा
despair ू िनराशा
-पण

failure -असफलता

Comprehension Questions

1. Answer the following questions:

a. Why do we wish for another chance?

b. What does it take to make a brand new start?

c. Why should we never give up in despair?

d. What lesson do we learn from the poem?

2. Match the following to complete the lines of the

poem:

‘A’ ‘B’
a chance to blot out in despair
it only takes sunshine
to add a little a deep desire

so never give up our mistakes

Word Power

1. Read the poem and write the antonyms of the

following words:

1.success_______
2.old _______

3.shallow _______
4.never _______

5.end _______

6.despair _______
2. Write three rhyming words for the words given
below:

1.eight___ , ___ , ___

2.face__ , __ , _

3.chin____ , ___ , __

4.new ____ , ____ , ____

Activity

» A number has been given to each letter of the

alphabet in the table below.
 Read the table and decode the message. The first
word has been decoded :

Instructions for teacher :

If there are differently abled students in your

class:

Break the lesson into small portions. Explain difficult

concepts with examples and in simple language. Try
and relate difficult concepts with experiences from
daily life.
Pay constant attention to these students while
teaching so that they do not lose their focus.
Encourage them to answer questions in class and
reward them when they answer properly.
Encourage the other students to be friendly and
helpful towards their mentally challenged
classmates.
LESSON - 2

THE KABULIWALLAH

Little Mini was five years old and a great chatterbox.

She simply could not live without chatting all the time.
Her mother was often worried about this non stop talking
of Mini, and tried to silence her. Her conversation with
her father was always very lively.

One day, Mini burst into her father’s study room.

She put her arm around him and said, “What do you
think, Father? Bhola says there is an elephant in the
clouds who blows water out of its trunk and that is why it
rains!”. Before her father could reply she ran to the
window, “Ae Kabuliwallah! Ae Kabuliwallah!”
Mini called out to the Kabuliwallah but when he
looked at her, she was in terror and ran to her father.
She had heard that Kabuliwallahs caught children, put
them in their sacks and took them away. The
Kabuliwallah came to Mini’s house and her father made
sure that Mini came out and met him. Soon Mini lost her
fear of him and it was a joy to watch the big bearded
Pathan talking tenderly to the little five-year-old.

The Kabuliwallah was now a daily visitor to Mini’s

house. They would sit and chat for hours and crack jokes
with each other. Once a year, Rehman, for that was the
Kabuliwallah’s name, would go back to his own country.
He would first collect all the money that people owed him
before he left. Although Rehman was busy, he always
found time to visit little Mini.
One day there was a lot of noise in the street. Rehman
had stabbed a man who owed him money. For this crime
he was sent to prison.

Time passed and Mini soon forgot her old friend, the
Kabuliwallah. She grew up into a very pretty woman. Her
father made arrangements for Mini’s wedding. Mini was
getting married that night. As the father was busy in the
preparations, a man came upto him and saluted
respectfully. At first he did not recognise him. Soon he
realised, it was old Rehman, the Kabuliwallah. Mini’s
father told him that the marriage ceremonies are going
on and he should come on another day.

He was about to leave when he turned around and said,

“May I see the little one , sir?”
He still thought of Mini as a little girl who came running to
him and calling,
“Kabuliwallah, O! Kabuliwallah.” He thought they would
talk and laugh as they used to do long ago.
Mini’s father told him again that the marriage ceremonies
are going on. The Kabuliwallah then gave him a small
packet of dried raisins, nuts and almonds for Mini and
said, “Give these to the little one. I too have a little one
like her and I think of her and bring you this fruit.”

Mini’s father could not control his tears. He realised that

the poor Kabuliwallah was also a father. He called Mini,
who came out dressed as a bride. The Kabuliwallah was
shocked to see that Mini, the little girl he had known had
grown into a beautiful woman. He suddenly realised that
his own daughter would have grown up too and broke
into tears. Mini’s father took out some money and gave it
to Rehman and said, ” Go and see your daughter and
may you have all the happiness.”

Mini’s father had to cut down the expenses of the

wedding. He could not afford the millitary band and the
electric lights but he was happy that his money had
helped a long-lost father meet his only child once again.

-Adopted from the story ‘Kabuliwallah’ by Gurudev

Rabindranath Tagore

New Words

Word Meaning

chatterbox ू ी
बातन
bursting - अचानक घुसना
 bearded - दाढीवाला

stabbed - छु रा घोंपना

prison - जेल
ceremonies -र म

raisins -िकशिमश

Comprehension Questions

1. Answer the following questions:

a. Why was Mini called a chatterbox?

b. Why was Mini afraid of the Kabuliwallah?

c. Why was the Kabuliwallah arrested?

d. Why was the Kabuliwallah shocked to see

Mini?
e. What did Mini’s father give him?

f. Mention the human qualities that you observe

in the story.

2. Tick for the correct statements and cross for the

wrong statements:

a. Mini could not live without chatting all the time.

b. Rehman was a big bearded pathan.

c. Mini did not forget the Kabuliwallah.

d. Mini’s father did not help Rehman with some

money.
e. Mini’s father had to cut down the expenses of the
wedding. ( )

Word Power

1. Fill in the blanks with the words given in the

box:

afford,suddenly,sacks,stabbed,owed

a. We keep grains in __

b. My friend __ me one thousand rupees.

c. Tom ___Mary in the back.

d. A dog _ jumped at Ankit.

e. Don’t spend more than you can __ .

2. Suggest a suitable word from the given box for

each of the following sentences:

optimist,democracy,patriot,chatterbox, literate

Example:

A person who can read and write - literate

a. A person who talks too much -

b. A person who loves his country -

c. A government by the people

d. A person who looks at the bright side of the thing -

Language Practice
1. Read and understand:

*Conjunctions are words used to join two words or

sentences together.

Some of the common conjunctions are- and, because,

but, or and so.

‘and’ is used to mean also or in addition to.

‘because’ is used to express the reason of an action.

‘but’ is used to suggest and contrast.

‘or’ is used to suggest that only one possibility can be

realized.

‘so’ is used to show the reason for something.

Now choose the correct conjunction given in the

brackets and fill in the blanks:

a.You had a long day. Go _______ rest for a while. (and /

but / or)

b.We could not buy the medicine _______ all the shops
were closed. (because / so / or)

c.I went to bed early _______ I couldn’t watch the T.V.

show last night. (or / so / but)
d.The stick was thin _______ it was strong. (or / but /
and)

e.You can have a tea _______ a coffee. (and / or / so)

2.Put a suitable word in each blank to match the part
of speech indicated in the bracket:
a.Mrs. Verma took _________ son to school.
(pronoun)
c.The child has a flower _________his hand.
(preposition)
d.The ________ soldier fought for his country.
(adjective)
e.He always did his work very ________.
(adverb)

Activity
Let’s Talk and Write
» Talk to your family members about their likes and
dislikes related to food, clothing, animal, place etc., and
write them in your notebook.
Lesson -3

The Right Choice

Rakesh was very excited. It was his last day of exam.

His vacation was about to begin. He walked back home
cheerfully.

As soon as he reached home he put his bag in a corner,

and ran towards his brother’s room.

“Rakesh, don’t disturb your brother. His exams are not

yet over,” his mother said. Rakesh returned to his room
sadly. His brother Mukesh was preparing for the board
exams. His parents did not want Mukesh to be
disturbed.
A little later his mother called out, “Rakesh?” “Yes,
mother” he answered and rushed to her room. “What is it
mother?” he asked curiously. “The table lamp in
Mukesh’s room is not working. He needs it. Go and call
the electrician,” she said.
“Mother, can’t Mukesh fix it himself? He is so good at it,”
Rakesh said.
“Don’t argue Rakesh. Do as you are told,” she said
sternly. Overhearing this conversation, Mukesh came out
and said, “Oh! Mother, please let me try. It will not take
more than half an hour.”
“No, don’t waste your time. Go and study,” she said
firmly. Quietly, Mukesh returned to his room but could not
concentrate on his studies. He was eager to use his
electrical tool kit. Mukesh had selected each tool with
utmost care. He kept looking at it. He could not control
himself and finally got up to fix the lamp.
By the time Rakesh returned, Mukesh had already
repaired the lamp.
“Wow! Mukesh you are brilliant. I knew you would be
able to do it,” exclaimed Rakesh. “Sorry for the trouble
Mr. Yadav, the work is already done,” said the mother to
the electrician. “I am sure Mukesh must have done it.
You already have an expert electrician at home,” Mr.
Yadav said and left with a smile.

“Now stop wasting your time, and get back to your

studies,” mother told Mukesh.

On the day of the announcement of results, Mukesh

went to school with his parents. Mukesh had topped his
class.

Mother : Now it will be easy for you to gain admission

in a good college.
Mukesh : Mother, I don’t want to go to a college.
Father, I want to join a course that can help me to take
up my hobby as my profession.

The next day he went to the Technical Training Institute

with his father. There he gained admission in the course
of his choice.

(A couple of years later…)

Everyone looked cheerful as they walked out of the
house. Mukesh had set up a new shop and they were
going for its inauguration. At the inaugural ceremony,
Mukesh asked Rakesh to come forward and cut the
ribbon. Everyone clapped and wished Mukesh good
luck.

New Words
Word Meaning

sternly -कठोरता पवू क

overhearing -संयोग से बात सुनकर

firmly ू ी से
-मजबत
concentrate- यान केि द्रत करना

inauguration -उ घाटन

Comprehension Questions

1.Answer the following questions:

a.Why did the parents not want to disturb Mukesh?

b.Why did mother call the electrician?
c.What was Mukesh eager to do?

d..What type of course did Mukesh want to take up?

e.Name the institute in which Mukesh got admission.

f.Why is it necessary to take the right decision at a right
time?

2. Arrange the following events in the order as

they appear in the story:

The electrician arrives. ____

.The table lamp stopped working. ____

.Mukesh tops the class. ______

.Rakesh goes to call the electrician. _______

.Rakesh’s vacation begins. _______

.Mukesh repairs the lamp. ____

Word Power

1. Unscramble the letters to form new words and

use these words to form meaningful sentences:

cavaontis Vacations -

I will visit my grandma’s place in the vacations.

riousculy _______ -

__________________
netrsly _______ -

______________
ergae _______ -

_________

feropssnio _______ -

_________________

Language Practice

1. Read and understand:

A phrasal verb is a verb combined with a verb and a

preposition, to give a new meaning.

Given below are some phrasal verbs and their

meanings:

Phrasal verb and Meaning

called out ask somebody to come

take up learn
set up to start
get back to return

Now use the above given phrasal verbs in sentences of

your own to bring out their meaning. One has been done
for you:

called out- Deepak’s father called out for him.

take up __
set up ___
get back __

Activity
Let’s Talk and write

» What are your hobbies? Write them in your

notebook.
Lesson 4

A Visit to Cambridge

This is the story of a meeting between two extraordinary

people, both of them ‘differently abled’. Stephen
Hawking, an astrophysicist who suffers from a form of
paralysis that confines him to a wheelchair, and allows
him to ‘speak’ only by punching buttons on a computer.
Firdaus Kanga a writer and journalist who lives and
works in Mumbai. Kanga was born with ‘brittle bones’
and like Hawking, moves around in wheelchair.
Cambridge was my metaphor for England, and it
was strange that when I left it had become altogether
something else, because I had met Stephen Hawking
there.
 It was on a walking tour through Cambridge that the
guide mentioned Stephen Hawking, “poor man, who is
quite disabled now, though he is a worthy successor to
Issac Newton, whose Chair he has at the university.”
And I started, because I had quite forgotten that this
most brilliant and completely paralysed astrophysicist,
the author of A Brief History of Time, one of the biggest
best sellers ever, lived here.

When the walking tour was done, I rushed to a

phone booth and, almost tearing the cord so it could
reach me outside, phoned Stephen Hawking’s house.
There was his assistant on the line and I told him I had
come in a wheelchair from India (perhaps he thought I
had propelled myself all the way) to write about my
travels in Britain. I had to see Professor Hawking- even
ten minutes would do, “Half an hour,” he said. “From
three-thirty to four.”

And suddenly I felt weak all over. Growing up

disabled, you get fed up with people asking you to be
brave, as if you have a courage account on which you
aretoo lazy to draw a cheque. The only thing that makes
you stronger is seeing somebody like you, achieving
something huge. Then you know how much is possible
and you reach out further than you ever thought you
could.
“I haven’t been brave,” said his disembodied
computer- voice, the next afternoon. “I’ve had no
choice.”
Surely, I wanted to say, living creatively with the
reality of his disintegrating body was a choice? But I kept
quite, because I felt guilty everytime I spoke to him,
forcing him to respond. There he was, tapping at the little
switch in his hand, trying to find the words on his
computer with the only bit of movement left to him, his
long, pale fingers. Every so often, his eyes would shut in
frustrated exhaustion. And sitting opposite him I could
feel his anguish, the mind buoyant with thoughts that
came out in frozen phrases and sentences stiff as
corpses.

“A lot of people seem to think that disabled people are

chronically unhappy,” I said. “I know that’s not true
myself. Are you often laughing inside?”

About three minutes later, he responded, “I find it

amusing when people patronise me.”
“And do you find it annoying when someone like me
comes and disturbs you in your work?”
The answer flashed. “Yes.” Then he smiled his one-way
smile and I knew, without being sentimental or silly, that I
was looking at one of the most beautiful men in the
world.
A first glimpse of him is shocking, because he is like a
still photograph- as if all those pictures of him in
magazines and newspapers have turned three
dimensional.

Then you see the head twisted sideways into a slump,

the torso shrunk inside the pale blue shirt, the wasted
legs; you look at his eyes which can speak, still, and they
are saying something huge and urgent- it is hard to tell
what. But you are shaken because you have seen
something you never thought could be seen.
“What do you think is the best thing about being
disabled?” I had asked him earlier.

“I don’t think there is anything good about being

disabled.”

“I think,” I said, “you do discover how much kindness

there is in the world.”

“Yes,” he said; it was a disadvantage of his voice

synthesiser that it could convey no inflection, no shades
or tone. And I could not tell how enthusiasticallyhe
agreed with me.

Every time I shifted in my chair or turned my wrist to

watch the time- I wanted to make every one of our thirty
minutes count—I felt a huge relief and exhilaration in the
possibilities of my body. How little it mattered then that I
would never walk, or even stand.

I told him how he had been an inspiration beyond cliche

for me, and, surely, for others—did that thought help
him?
“No”, he said; and I thought how foolish I was to ask.
When your body is a claustrophobic room and the walls
are growing narrower day by day, it doesn’t do much
good to know that there are people outside smiling with
admiration to see you breathing still.

“Is there any advice you can give disabled people,

something that might help make life better?”

“They should concentrate on what they are good at.”

The half hour was up. “I think I’ve annoyed you enough,”
I said, grinning. “Thank you for ……….”

I touched his shoulder and wheeled out into the summer

evening.

Firdaus Kanga
(From Heaven On wheels )

New Words
Word Meaning

metaphor - पक
exhaustion -थकाने वाला

exhilaration -रोमांच

inflection - उतार चढाव

propelled - धकेलना

claustrophobicबंद थानों से डर लगना

Comprehension Questions
1. Answer the following questions:

(a) Name the book written by Stephen Hawking.

(b) What makes the “differently abled” people
stronger, according to the author ?

(c) What is the scientist’s message for the

disabled ?

(d) The writer expresses his great gratitude to

Stephen Hawking. What is the gratitude for ?

Word Power

1. Choose the words from the box which can be

substituted for the given sentences :

deaf ,illiterate, blind,dumb,lame

One who cannot see
One who cannot hear
One who cannot speak
One who cannot walk
One who cannot read or write

2. Look at the following words-

Walk Stick

Can you create a meaningful phrase using both these

words?

(It is simple. Add -ing to the verb and use it before the
noun. Put an article at the beginning.)
..a walking stick
Now make six such phrases using the words given
below

read/session
smile/face
revolve/chair
walk/tour
dance/doll
win/chance

Language Practice

1. Use neither…nor to join the pairs of sentences

given below. One has been done for you
I don’t eat candy. I don’t eat cake.Neither do I eat candy
nor cake.

I don’t like John. I don’t like Peter.

He did not come. He did not call.
He does not drink. He does not smoke.
She did not like Rome. She did not like Paris.

2. Use all or both in the blanks. Tell your partner

why you chose one or the other.

He has two brothers. _______ are lawyers.

More than ten persons called. _______ of them
wanted to see you.
They _______ cheered the team.
_______ her parents are teachers.
How much have you got? Give me _______ of it.
3. Use of lets and let’s :
Lets- without an apostrophe is the singular form of
the verb lets, meaning ‘to allow or permit’.

Example- She lets the dog out every morning.

Let’s- with an apostrophe is a short form
(contraction) of ‘let us’, which is used for suggestion or
request. It is similar to the meaning of ‘we should’.
Example- Let us learn more.

Now complete the following sentences using lets or let’s

:

His mother __ him watch T.V. till midnight.

___ hope for the best.
___ see what is on the menu.
The teacher __ the children play.
He ___ his dog to go out.
__ go fishing.

Activity

Write some important discoveries made by Stephen

Hawking in your notebook.
Lesson 5

PLAY THINGS

Child, how happy you are sitting in the dust,

Playing with a broken twig all the morning.

I smile at your play with that little bit of a broken twig.
I am busy with my accounts, adding up figures by the
hour.
Perhaps you glance at me and think,
“What a stupid game to spoil your morning with!”
Child, I have forgotten the art of being
Absorbed in sticks and mud-pies.
I seek out costly playthings,
And gather lumps of gold and silver.
With whatever you find you create your glad games,
I spend both my time and my strength
Over things I never can obtain.

In my frail canoe I struggle to cross

The sea of desire,
And forget that I too am playing a game.
Rabindranath Tagore

New Words

Word Meaning

twig - टहनी
accounts - लेखा जोखा
glance - नजर डालना
absorbed त लीन हो गया
lumps -ढे ला
strength -बल,शि त
frail -कमजोर
desire -इ छा
canoe -ल बी ,ह की नाव

Comprehension Questions

1. Answer the following questions:

a. Where was the child sitting?

b. What is the child playing with?

 c. Which activities was the poet busy in?
d. What has the poet forgotten?

e. What did the poet struggle to cross?

f. What do you understand by the phrase ‘the
sea of desire’?

Word Power

1. Write two rhyming words for the words given

below:

a.dust ____ _____

b.hour _____ _____

c.think ____ _____

d.seek _____ _____

2. Hockey is a sport which is played with a stick

and a ball. Given below are some games, write what
they are played with:

Hockey a hockey stick and a ball

Cricket ___

Skating ___

Badminton _
Football ____

Activity
Let’s Discuss and Write

» Discuss among yourselves the game you like the

most and write a paragraph about it.
» Make a list of famous sportspersons of your country
and discuss why you admire them?
Lesson -6

AWESOME ASSAM

Assam is a state located in the north eastern part of

India. It is situated just below the eastern Himalayan
foothills. It is surrounded by the states of Arunanchal
Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and
Meghalaya, which together with Assam are known as the
‘Seven Sisters’. Dispur is the capital of Assam.Assam is
a land full of natural beauty. It has blue hills, dense
forests with diverse flora and fauna, big rivers and fertile
valleys. Assam is the world’s largest tea growing state in
India. The great Brahmaputra river flows through Assam.
Agriculture is the main occupation here. Rice, fruits, jute,
sugarcane and tea are the chief agricultural produce of
the state. The state also produces nearly half of the
country’s total output of tea. The state is also rich in
natural resources such as oil, gas, coal and limestone.
The traditional craft like pottery and terracotta work,
brass craft, jewellery making, bamboo craft, silk and
cotton weaving and wood craft are some major sources
of self-employment for the people of Assam.
Assam is also famous for its national parks. A national
park is a large area of forest land. The government looks
after these parks. The Kaziranga National Park is a
famous wildlife sanctuary. Rhinoceros, elephants,
leopards and the Indian bison are some of the animals
you can see in Kaziranga. You can go in an open jeep, a
car, or a mini bus into the forest to see these wild
animals. If you like, you can travel on an elephant’s back
as well.

The people of Assam speak Assamiya or Assamese.

Assam is also a land of festivals. Bihu is a famous
Assamese festival. It is celebrated in the month of April.
People from all religions take part in the celebrations.
The celebrations go on for the whole month. Young men
and women wear gold-coloured silk dresses and do a
special dance called ‘Bihu Dance’.Boat races are held
during Bihu. Many teams take part in these races and a
lot of people watch them from the river banks.

New Words

Word Meaning

awesome शानदार
foothills - पहाड़ों के नीचे की छोटी घािटयाँ
fauna - जीव ज तु
flora - पौधे
resources- संसाधन
sanctuary-पशु पि यों का िवचरण थल
bison जंगली भसा

Comprehension Questions

1. Answer the following questions :

a. Where is Assam situated in India?

b. Name the states which are known as the

‘Seven Sisters’.

c. What is the main occupation of the people of

Assam?
d. Which is the famous wildlife sanctuary of
Assam?

e. Name the famous Assamese festival.

2. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements:
 Assam is a land of natural beauty. ( )
The north eastern states of India are known as the
‘Seven Sisters’. ( )
You can go by train to see wild animals in the
wildlife sanctuary of Assam.( )
Bihu is a folk dance of Assam. ( )
Car races are held in Assam during Bihu festival.(
)

Word Power

1. Fill in the blanks with the words given in the

box:
celebrated,diverse,occupation,religions

Agriculture is the main __ in India.

People of various __ live in India.
All the festivals are __ with great enthusiasm.
Students from _ background study in our class.

Language Practice

1. Frame suitable questions for the following

answers:

Take the help of the words given in the brackets.

One has been done for you.
Where do you live? (where/you/live)

I live in Allahabad.
_ ? (where/grandparents/live)

They live in Lucknow.

________ ? (what/name/brother)

His name is George.

_______ ? (who/best friend)

My best friend is Pooja.

2. Read and understand:

Too + adjective is used to mean more than

necessary.
Example- You are too loud.

Too + much/many + noun is used to mean more than

allowed.

Example- There is too much traffic during rush hours in

my city.

I’m very busy today I have too many things to do.

Now complete the sentences with too, too much or

too many:

The smell of this flower is ___ strong.

Don’t buy this oil. It has ___ fat in it.
I can’t accept this document. It has __ mistakes.
She has __ friends.

Activity
Let’s Discuss and Write

» Here is a railway ticket for you. Show it to your

partner and ask these questions.

Railway Ticket

How many people travelled with this ticket?

What is the fare?
What is the PNR number of the ticket?
Where does/do he/they board the train?
Where was/were/he/they going ?
What is the distance between the two stations?

2-Discuss dance forms of your local area. Include the

following in your discussion:

(i) the musical instruments (ii) the costume

Lesson -7

VEER ABDUL HAMID

This is the story of a brave soldier named Abdul Hamid.

He was a Company Quarter Master Havildar in the
Indian Army. He was a very brave soldier. He fought in
the 1965 war between India and Pakistan.

Abdul Hamid was born in Dhamupur village of Ghazipur

district in Uttar Pradesh on 1st July, 1933 in a muslim
family to Sakina Begum and Mohammad Usman.
Would you like to know how he became the hero of the
1965 war between India and Pakistan?
It was the early morning of 10th September 1965, India
was fighting against Pakistan. A Pakistani regiment of
Patton Tanks was marching on the Bhikhiwind –Amritsar
Road, in the Khemkaran sector of India. It had reached a
village named Cheema. This village was on the Indo-Pak
border. In this sector, the battle had been going on since
September 6. Here, Havildar Abdul Hamid and the other
soldier of ‘4 Grenadiers Company’ were waiting to face
the Pakistani Army. Brave Abdul Hamid was sitting in a
jeep. He had a special gun. The Patton Tanks of the
Pakistani Army were not very far from him. He could hit
the tanks with his guns if he wanted to. He was a good
shot but he did not want to waste his shots. He wanted
to hit the tanks with each of his shots. The Pakistani
tanks were very powerful and dangerous. They were
approaching nearer and nearer. They were firing
continually. Brave Abdul Hamid marched forward. He
saw a Pakistani tank. He turned his gun and fired a shot.
The tank caught fire and went up in flames. All the
soldiers of Abdul Hamid’s company were very happy.
Suddenly he saw another tank. He fired a shot again and
it also bursted into flames. Four more tanks were seen.
The Pakistanis wanted to attack Abdul Hamid’s company
and kill him. He was their biggest enemy. They turned
the guns of their tanks towards him. Before they could
fire, Abdul Hamid hit the third tank too. And there it went!
It had caught fire. Flames were rising high up into the
sky. But alas! One shell of the enemy hit his jeep. The
brave hero fell down. He was deeply wounded yet he
did not lose heart. He ordered his soldiers, “Move
forward and fight on.” They obeyed his orders and fought
bravely.

Some more tanks of the enemy were destroyed. The

Pakistani soldiers were afraid and fled. This brave
soldier of the Indian Army died for his country. He was
awarded the Param Vir Chakra posthumously. He will
always be revered and remembered by the people of our
country as the bravest hero of 1965 war against
Pakistan. His village has been named ‘Hamid Dham’
after his name.

New Words

Word Meaning

regiment - सै य टु कड़ी
grenadier हथगोला फकने वाला िसपाही -
company -सैिनकों का दल
havildar -थलसेना का पद
continually -लगातार
wounded -घायल
Posthumously -म ृ यु के बाद

Comprehension Questions

1. Answer the following questions:

Who was Abdul Hamid?

What were the Pakistani tanks like?
How did Hamid destroy the enemy tanks?
How did Hamid fight the enemies and what happend
to him?
How was Hamid honoured for his bravery?
How do you feel about Abdul Hamid after reading
the story of his bravery?
2. Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences:

The war between India and Pakistan was fought in

the year _________
Abdul Hamid turned his gun and fired a _________
Abdul Hamid was awarded __________ for his
bravery.
Abdul Hamid’s village has been named _________
after his name.

Word Power

1. Match the words with their meanings:

Word Meaning

good shot to get disappointed

crack shot to move forward in an organized
manner
to lose heart one who can shoot any target
successfully
march forward skilled at shooting

Language Practice

1. The first word of the following sentences are

interjections, expressing the emotions written
against them. Read the sentences and understand
them:

Examples -
 Hello! How are you?(pleasure)
Alas! He is no more.(sorrow)
Oh! Look at the rising sun.(wonder)

Hurrah! We won the match. (joy)

Now fill in the blanks with suitable interjections

from the box:

Hello! Hurrah! Bravo! Alas!

_ You have done a great deed.

_ We have won the match.
_ His father has passed away.
_How do you do?

Let’s Know More

Indian Armed Forces: The Indian Armed Forces are the

military forces of the Republic of India. It consists of
three professional uniformed services:

The Indian Army - It is the land-based branch and

the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces.

Motto- ‘Service before Self’

The Indian Navy - It is the naval branch of the

Indian Armed Forces.

Motto- शं नो व णःmeans ‘May the Lord of the Water

be auspicious unto us’
 The Indian Air Force - It is the air branch of the
Indian Armed Forces.

ृ ं दी तंmeans ‘Touch the Sky with Glory’

नभः पश
Lesson8

The Missile Manof India

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, usually

known as Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was the eleventh
President of India (from 2002 to 2007). APJ Abdul Kalam
was born on 15th October 1931, at Rameshwaram in
Tamil Nadu. Although he was born in a poor family, he
was an exceptionally brilliant child. His father
Jainulabdeen was a boat owner who ferried Hindu
pilgrims at the Rameshwaram Temple in Tamil Nadu. His
father was also an imam at the local mosque and his
mother Ashiamma was a housewife. He started working
at a young age. He sold tamarind seeds and
newspapers to support his family.

After completing his schooling at the Rameshwaram

Elementary School, Kalam went to attend Saint Joseph’s
College in Tiruchirappalli. The college was affiliated to
the University of Madras, from where he graduated in
Physics in 1954. He specialised in Aero Engineering
from Madras Institute of Technology (MIT).
Dr. Abdul Kalam was a great scientist. He was made the
Chancellor of the Institute of Space Science and
Technology. He worked in Defence Research and
Development Organisation (DRDO) in 1958 and then
joined Indian Satellite Research Organisation (ISRO) in
1963. He made significant contribution to Indian Satellite
and also in the missile programme of DRDO. As a
Project Director of SLV-III, he contributed to the
development and management of India’s first indigenous
satellite launch vehicle (SLV-III), to inject Rohini Satellite
in the near Earth orbit. His greatest contribution was in
the field of missiles. Agni, Prithvi, Akash, Trishul and
Naag missiles were developed by him. He is known as
the ‘Missile Man of India’ for his work on the
development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle
technology.

Besides being such a great scientist, he was a great

writer too. He has written many books such as ‘Wings of
Fire’, ‘Ignited Minds’, ‘Target 3 Billion’, ‘Turning Point’,
‘India 20-20: A Vision for the New Millenium’, ‘My
Journey’. He has mentioned his dream of making India a
developed country in his book ‘India 20-20: A Vision for
the New Millenium.’ His advice to the youngsters of the
nation was to “Dream Dream Dream. Dreams transform
into thoughts and thoughts result in action.”
The Government of India honoured him with-Padma
Bhushan (1981), Padma Vibhushan(1990), Bharat
Ratna, including Indira Gandhi Award for National
Integration (1997).
Dr. Kalam passed away on 27th July,2015 while
delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management
(IIM) in Shillong. The whole world was shocked and
saddened by the sudden and untimely death of the
simple, humble yet one of the greatest man of our times.

If you want to shine like a sun, first burn like a sun

New Words

Word Meaning

exceptionally -असाधारण प से
chancellor -कु लािधपित
pilgrim - यात्री
affiliated - सब
indigenous - वदेशी
orbit -गहृ उपग्रह का पिरक्रमा पथ
ballistic -प्रा ेिपक
vision -दृि ट
Comprehension Questions

1. Answer the following questions:

a. When and where was APJ Abdul Kalam born?

b. What did he do to help his family?

c. Name two research organisations where he

worked.
d. Name the book in which he mentioned his
dream of making India a developed country.

e. List the awards by which APJ Abdul Kalam

was honoured.

f. Why is Dr. Kalam known as the ‘Missile Man of

India’?

Word Power

1. Complete the names of the missiles:

A_ _ _
P_ _ _ _ _ _
N_ _ _
A_ _ _ _
T_ _ _ _ _ _

2. Choose the correct words from the brackets to

fill in the blanks:

Example - With a blank face she said, “My purse is

empty.” (empty, blank)
 The _____ of our school is a man of ______.
(principal, principles)
_____ children have _____ hands. (little, small)
You should live in _____ because _____ is strength.
(unity, union)
The _____ young man has a _____ wife.
(handsome, beautiful)

Language Practice

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct degree of

adjectives:

Birbal was ________ than the other ministers.

(clever)
The Everest is the ________ peak in the world. (high)
China is a ________ country.(big)
Supriya is the ________ girl in the class.(tall)
James is two years ________ than me.(old)

2.Add- ‘ly’ to the words given in the box to form

adverbs and choose the correct adverbs to make
meaningful sentence.

One is done for you:

quick+ly= quickly
He ran quickly.

silent,brave,bright,neat,careful

My grandmother prays __
The sun was shining __
 We must drive ___
She writes very ___
The soldier fought _

3. Rewrite the following sentences after inserting

the necessary punctuation marks:

a. will you help me

a. ____.

b. delhi the capital of india stands on the banks of

river Yamuna

b. __.

c. how beautiful the sky is

c. __.

d. where do you want to go asked meera

d. __.

Activity

Let’s Read and Follow

» Let’s read APJ Abdul Kalam’s words and follow

them in our lives:

I am the best.
I can do it.
God is always with me.
I am a winner.

Let’s Write
» If you were given a chance to ask President Kalam
three questions, what would they be?
1. …………..

2. …………..
3. …………..
 Lesson - 9

WHERE DO ALL THE TEACHERS GO?

For a little child a teacher is special. It is difficult for a

small child to think of his/her teacher as an ordinary
person.
Where do all the teachers go
When it’s four o’ clock?
Do they live in houses
And do they wash their socks?
Do they wear pyjamas
And do they watch TV?
And do they pick their noses
The same as you and me?
Do they live with other people

Have they mums and dads?

And were they ever children
And were they ever bad?
Did they ever, never spell right
Did they ever make mistakes?
Were they punished in the corner
If they pinched the chocolate flakes?

Did they ever lose their hymn books

Did they ever leave their greens?

Did they scribble on the desk tops

Did they wear old dirty jeans?

I’ll follow one back home today

I’ll find out what they do

Then I’ll put it in a poem

That they can read to you.

Peter Dixon

New Words

Word Meaning
pinched -चुराना
 flake - पपड़ी
hymn - धािमक गीत

scribble -ज दी कु छ न देखना
Comprehension Questions
1. Answer the following questions -

Why does the poet want to know where the teachers

go at four o’clock?
What are the things normal people do that the poet
talks about?
What does he imagine about

(i) where teachers live?

(ii) what they do at home?

(iii) the people with whom they live?

(iv) their activities when they were children in school?

Why does the poet wonder if teachers also do things

that other people do?
How does the poet plan to find out? What will he do
once he finds out?

Word Power

1. What do you think these phrases from the poem

mean?

(i) punished in the corner

(ii) leave their greens
2. Your teacher will speak the words given below.
Write against each two new words that rhyme with it.

1. bed ____ ___

2. wax____ ___

3. fast__ ___

4. chop___ __

5. young__ __
Activity
Paste the picture of your favourite teacher and write a
paragraph on him/her in your notebook.

A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence

stops- Henry Adams
Lesson -10

A HERO

Swami is a nine-year-old boy, who lives in Malgudi

village with his parents and grandmother. One day, his
father was reading a newspaper.

Father :Swami listen to this, a news of the bravery of

a village lad who, while returning home by the jungle
path, came face to face with a tiger till some people
came that way and killed the tiger.After reading it
through, father looked at Swami and asked, “What do
you say to that?”
Swami :I think he must have been a very strong and
grown up person, not at all a boy. How could a boy fight
a tiger?

Father :A man may have the strength of an elephant

and yet be a coward whereas another man, who may
have the strength of a straw but has courage, can do
anything.
Swami-Suppose I have all the courage. What can I do if
a tiger attacks me?

Father-Let alone strength, can you prove you have

courage? Let me see if you can sleep alone tonight in
my office.

(Swami had always slept beside his granny which

irritated his father.)
Swami -From the first of the next month I will sleep
alone father.

Father -No, you must do it from today.

In the evening, Swami went to his granny and slept
under her blanket. His father came and said to him.

Father-Get up.
Granny -Why do you disturb him?

(Father rolled his bed and took it under his arms)

Father-Come with me.

Swami-Let me sleep in the hall please! Your office is

very dusty and there may be scorpions behind your law
books.

Father-No, you must learn not to be afraid of darkness.

It is only a question of habit. You must cultivate good
habits.

As the night advanced and the silence in the house

deepened, Swami’s heart beat faster. He remembered
all the stories of devils and ghosts he had heard in his
life.
He shut his eyes tight and covered himself with his
blanket under the bench. He put his hand out to feel
granny’s presence at his side, as it was his habit, but he
only touched the wooden leg of the bench. He sweated
with fright.

Swami moved to the edge of the bench. He stared into

the darkness. Something was moving down. As it came
nearer, thinking it is a ghost, he crawled out from under
the bench and hugged it with all his might. He used his
teeth on it like a weapon. The creature yelled out in pain.
In a moment his father, the cook, and a servant came in
carrying a light. All the three fell on the burglar who lay
amidst the furniture with a bleeding ankle.
Father called the police. The police was grateful to
Swami as he had caught the notorious thief.The next day
in the school, Swami’s classmates congratulated him
and looked at him with respect. The headmaster said
that Swami was a true scout. The news of his bravery
was also published in Malgudi Times.

-This story has been adapted from ‘Malgudi Days’ by

R.K. Narayan

New Words

Word Meaning

scorpion - िब छू
advanced उ नत
silence - खामोशी
 ghost - ू
भत
rustling - सरसराहट
crawled - रगा
hugged - गले लगाया
burglar - सेध लगाने वाला
published -प्रकािशत

Comprehension Questions

1. Answer the following questions:

What news did Swami’s father read in the

newspaper?
What does Swami’s father quote regarding strength
and courage?
Why did Swami’s father ask him to sleep in his office
room?
What was Swami’s condition when he lay amidst the
furniture?
What was the incident which showed Swami’s
bravery?

2. Write whether the following statements are

‘true’ or ‘false’:

Swami lives in Malgudi village. ( )

Swami always slept beside his mother. ( )
Swami remembered all the stories of devils and
ghosts. ( )
The police said that Swami was a true scout. ( )
Word Power

1. Tick the correct words from the brackets:

Objects like table, chair and bed used in home.

(furniture/crockery)
A woollen sheet used to keep us warm.
(bedsheet/blanket)
A set of rooms or building where people work.
(office/playground)
A person who enters a building illegally in order to
steal. (burglar/joker)

Language Practice

1. Read the following sentences and understand:

We use ‘from’ to indicate the beginning and ‘to’ to

indicate the end of an action.
We use ‘till’ to indicate the end of an action.
‘At’ has many uses. One of its common use is to
indicate time.
Now complete the sentences using- from… to,
till, at :
The crowd cheered ___the end of the game.
The train is expected ___ 12 p.m.
Children played cricket __4 p.m. __ 6 p.m.

Activity
» Discuss with your classmates about any
courageous act done by you.
LESSON - 11

THE OLD KAKI

There was an old lady called ‘Kaki’. She crept because

her hands and feet were very weak. Her husband had
died long ago. She lived with her nephew, Buddhiram.
She had transferred all her property to him. Rupa was
Buddhiram’s wife. Buddhiram had two sons and a
daughter ‘Ladli’.
The boys never behaved properly with ‘Kaki’. They used
to tease her a lot. Kaki would cry out but no one listened
to her. Ladli was the only one who had sympathy for
‘Kaki’.
It was an evening, shehnai was being played at
Buddhiram’s doorstep. It was his elder son’s
engagement. Celebrations were going on. ‘Purees’ were
being fried in ‘Kadhai’. The sweet smell of ‘ghee’ and
spices was in the air.

Kaki was sitting in her room and it was dark inside. She
could smell the crispy and sizzling purees. Images of
purees floated before her eyes. She began to move
slowly and crept close to the ‘kadhai’. When Rupa saw
Kaki sitting close to the kadhai, she lost her temper and
shook Kaki with both her hands and shouted abuses.
Old Kaki didn’t speak a single word. She returned to her
room. She felt insulted.
The dinner was ready. All the guests had started eating.
Kaki in her room thought not to go until she was called.

The pleasant smell of food was tempting but no one

came to call her for dinner. Thinking she is not a guest
that she should wait for the call, she decided to go
outside. She crept into the courtyard but bad luck! One
of the guests saw her and shouted, “Who is this old
woman? Where has she come from? Be careful, she
may touch someone.”

Pandit Buddhiram became furious. He caught Kaki with

his hands and dragged her into the room. Seeing this,
Ladli felt really bad. She thought’ “What, if Kaki had
eaten before the guests. Would she have eaten all the
purees?”
It was eleven in the night. Everyone was sleeping. Ladli
had not eaten her purees yet. She put them in her doll’s
basket and went to Kaki’s room and said, “Get up Kaki, I
have brought purees for you”. Kaki asked, “Has your
mother sent these?” Ladli replied, “No, it’s my share.”
Kaki finished all the purees but she was still hungry. Kaki
said to Ladli, “Child, go to your mother and bring some
more.” Ladli replied, “If I wake her up she will get angry.”
Kaki said, “Take me to the place where the guests ate.”
Ladli took her and made her sit among the ‘pattals’. Kaki
began to eat the food which was left over by the guests.
Just then Rupa woke up. She did not find Ladli beside
her. She went out into the courtyard and saw Ladli
standing near the ‘pattals’. Kaki was picking the left over
food and eating. Rupa was stunned. She felt sorry for
Kaki who remained hungry even on a day of feast, where
so many people had food to their content. Kaki behaved
like this just for some pieces of purees. She was in a
state of shock. Her eyes were filled with tears.
It was already midnight. Rupa went to Kaki’s room with
food. With tearful eyes she said, “Get up Kaki. I
committed a blunder today by not serving you food.
Please forgive me.”
Hearing these words Kaki’s heart melted. She forgave
her and began eating. Kaki blessed her soulfully.
-Adopted from the story ‘Budhi Kaki’ by Munshi Prem
Chand

New Words

Word Meaning
craving - तीव्र इ छा
property -संपि
sizzling -गरमा गरम
insulted -अपमािनत िकया
tempting -ललचाने वाला
dragged - घसीटा
ू तापण
blunder -मख ू गलती

Comprehension Questions

1. Answer the following questions:

Who did ‘Kaki’ live with?

Who was Ladli? Was she sympathetic towards her
kaki?
What was the occasion for celebration in
Buddhiram’s house?
Why did Kaki feel insulted?
Why did Rupa apologise to Kaki? Did Kaki forgive
her?
Why did Pandit Buddhiram become red with anger
and what did he do?
How should old people be treated?

2. Who said these lines and to whom:

“Be careful, she may touch someone.”

“Get up Kaki, I have brought purees for you.”
“Take me to the place where the guests were
eating.”
“No! It’s my share.”

Word Power
1. Complete the sentences with suitable words
given in the box :

tempting dragged properly melted crept

forgave

The cat ______ silently towards the bird.

The ice-cream in the cup ______ as it was very hot.
The mother _______ me for my mistake.
The labourer _______ the jute rice sack into the
room.
He always does his work _______.
The dish which Amit prepared look ______.

Language Practice

1. Read the following sentences and understand

them:

‘Yet’ refers to an action that is expected in the

future.
‘Already’ is used to refer to an action that happened
earlier than the time expected.
‘Still’ is used to refer to an action or situation which
continues upto the present because it has not
finished.

Now complete the following sentences using-

already / yet / still:

They have ___left.

Are you ___angry with me?
 We are not ready to leave __.
She’s __ reached there.
Sholay is __my favourite movie.
Don’t start the car __ Wait for Manju.

2. Complete the following story with the help of words

given below:

(tree, mouse, lion, woke, struggled, begged, gnawed,

laughed, repay, caught ,trap ,nibbling ,sharp, noise, kill,
pity, at last)

One day a ………………. lay down under a shady

……………. to sleep. While he slept, a playful ………….
ran over his body. The lion ……………. up. He put out
his great paw and was just going to …………. the
mouse. The little mouse …………… for mercy. The lion
took …………. on him and let him go. The mouse
thanked the ………….. I will try to …………. your
kindness”, said the mouse. The lion …………….. at
this.Several days passed by. Then, while hunting in the
forest, the lion was …………… in a …………. He
…………… and roared to get free. The little ……………
heard the ……………… and ran to help him. At once he
began ………… at the massive ropes with his …………..
teeth. After much hard work, he ……………. through the
ropes …………….. the lion was set free.

Good deeds are rewarded

» Be friendly with an elderly person in your

neighbourhood. Spend time with him/her everyday and
watch the changes in that person. Talk about the
changes you noticed.
» Make new words with the letters from the word
‘CELEBRATIONS‘ :
LESSON - 12

THREE QUESTIONS

Long, long ago, there lived a very brave and kind king.
He wanted to serve his people well. Once a thought
came to the mind of the king. He thought he would never
fail if he knew three things. Those three things were (1)
What is the right time to begin something? (2) Which
people should he listen to? (3) What is the most
important thing for him to do?
The king therefore, sent messengers throughout his
kingdom, promising a large sum of money to anyone
who would answer these three questions.
Many learned men came to the king but all with different
answers. In reply to the first question, some said- the
king must prepare a timetable and follow it strictly.
Others said- it was impossible to decide in advance the
right time for doing something. Yet others said that the
king needed a council of wise men who would help him
act at proper time. Some others said- only magicians
could look into the future and tell the right time for an
action.

Equally different were the answers to the second

question. Some said- the right people for the king to
listen to were his advisers. Others said that his soldiers
were the most important to him.
To the third question, some said the most important thing
was science, others said it was warfare; still others said
it was religious worship.
The king was not satisfied with any of these answers so
he decided to seek the advice of a renowned hermit. The
hermit lived in a wood which he never left. He only met
common people. So the king put on simple clothes. He
left his horse with his bodyguards and went alone to see
the hermit.
As the king reached the hermit’s hut, he saw the hermit
digging the ground in front of his hut. The hermit was old
and weak. He breathed heavily as he worked.
The king went upto him and said, “Oh! Wise hermit, I
have come to seek the answers to three questions: How
can I learn to do the right thing at the right time? Who
are the most important people for me? And, what affairs
need my first attention?” The hermit listened to the king,
but said nothing. He went on digging. “You are tired,”
said the king. “Let me take the spade and dig for you.”

“Thanks,” said the hermit. Giving the spade to the king,

he sat down on the ground. One hour passed, and
another. The sun went down behind the trees. At last the
king stuck the spade into the ground and said, “Oh wise
man! Please answer my questions. If you can give me
none, tell me so and I will return home.”
“Here comes someone running,” said the hermit. “Let us
see who he is.”
The king turned round and saw a bearded man running
towards them. His hands were pressed against his
stomach from which blood was flowing. When he
reached the king’s side, the man fainted. There was a
large wound in his stomach. The king washed and
bandaged it with his handkerchief and re-bandaged it
until the bleeding stopped. The man felt better and asked
for water. The king brought fresh water for him. By this
time, the sun had set and the air was cool. The king, with
the help of the hermit, carried the wounded man into the
hut and lay him down on the bed. The king was tired by
now. He too lay down on the floor and slept all through
the night. When he woke up he saw the bearded man
looking at him.
“Forgive me,” said the bearded man in a weak voice.

“I don’t know you, and have nothing to forgive you for,”

said the king. “You don’t know me, but I know you. I am
an enemy of yours. You had put my brother to death and
seized our property. I knew that you had gone alone to
meet the hermit. I had planned to kill you. But when you
did not return, I came out from my hiding place and your
bodyguards wounded me. Somehow I escaped and
reached you. You dressed my wounds and saved my
life. Now, if I live, I will serve you as your most faithful
servant. Forgive me!”
The king was happy to have won over his enemy so
easily. The king promised him to give back his property.
The bearded man thanked the king and left.

Before leaving, the king wanted to meet the hermit. The

hermit was sowing seeds in the field. The king said to
him, “Please answer my questions.” “Your questions
have already been answered,” said the hermit.

“Answered? What do you mean?” said the king.

“Yes, if you had not dugged the field for me you would
have gone away. Then that man would have attacked
you and you would have wished you had stayed with me.
So the most important time was when you were digging
the field. And I was the most important man and to do
me good was your most important thing. Afterwards,
when the man ran to us, the most important time was
when you were caring for him. So he was the most
important man and what you did for him was your most
important thing.

“Remember, there is only one time that is important and

that time is ‘Now’. The most important person, is the
person you are with, at a particular moment for no one
knows what will happen in the future. The most important
thing is to do that person good because we are sent to
this world for that only.”

-Adapted from the story ‘Three Questions’ by Leo

Tolstoy

New Words
 Word Meaning

council-सलाहकार पिरषद्
warfare -यु के तरीके
renowned-प्रिस
hermit -स यासी
affairs -मामले
seized -क जा कर िलया

Comprehension Questions

1. Answer the following questions:

What were the king’s three questions?

Why did the king want to know the answers to these
questions?
Did the wise man win the reward? If not why?
How did the king help the hermit?
Who wounded the bearded man?
Who was the bearded man? How did the king and
the hermit help the wounded man?
What did the bearded man promise to do for the
king?
Which is the most important time, the most
important person and the most important thing to
do?

2. Who said these lines and to whom:

“Let me take the spade and dig for you”.

“Here comes someone running.”
 “Forgive me.”

Word Power

1. Fill in the blanks with the opposites of the

words given in the brackets:

I am not an ___ of yours. (friend)

The old woman was too ___ to walk. (strong)
He is a very faithful ___of mine.(master)
I have warned him for the ____ time. (first)
You should ___these rules of grammar. (forget)
They are going to ___ him for his bravery. (punish)

2. Instead of saying ‘light of the moon’, we can say

‘moonlight’ which is a compound word. Give
compound words for each of the following:

The time to go to bed. _

The shine of the sun.
Cloth of the table. _
Room for a class. _
Work to be done at home.__
The pot for flowers.__

Language Practice

1. Combine each pair of sentences, using ‘ing’

phrase. One has been done for you:
 Example 1-The girls saw the teacher.2-They
stopped talking.
Seeing the teacher, the girls stopped talking.

Shravana carried his blind parents.

He went from place to place.
_____________________
She sought permission from her mother.
She went to the party.
_____________________
The robbers saw the policeman.
They ran away.
_________________
Sheena concentrated on the target.
She shot the arrow.
______________________
The teacher looked at the painting.
The teacher praised it.
______________________
2. Write the questions to which the words
underlined are the answers:

Indu reached home at 4:00 p.m.

When ________
He became successful by working hard.
How _________
They want to sell their old car.
What ________
Meetu’s parents are going to the museum.
Where ________
Activity

To forgive others, you should have some qualities. Put a

tick against those that would let you forgive. Put a cross
(x) against those that would not let you forgive:

anger
compassion
kindness
trust
sympathy
selfishness
consideration
love
LESSON 13

Planets Roll Call

Eight planets around the Sun,

Listen as I call each one,
Mercury! Here! Number one,

Closest planet to the Sun.

Venus! Here! Number two,
Shining bright, just like new.

Earth! Here! Number three,

Earth is home to you and me.
Mars! Here! Number four,
red and ready to explore.
Jupiter! Here! Number five,
Largest planet, that’s no jive.
Saturn! Here! Number six,
With rings of dust and ice that mix.
Uranus! Here! Number seven,
A planet tilted high in heaven.
Neptune! Here! Number eight,

With one dark spot whose size is great.

New Words

Word Meaning
explore -खोजना
jive -मजाक
tilted -झुका हुआ
heaven - वग
spot -दाग

Comprehension Questions

1 Answer the following questions:

How many planets are there in the solar system?

Name the planet closest to the Sun.
Which planet is known as the red planet?
Which is the largest planet in our solar system?
What are Saturn’s rings made of?
How much time do the Sun’s rays take to travel from
the space to the earth?
Who was the first person to reach space?

Word Power
1. Fill in the blanks to write facts about the planet
on which you live:

The name of my planet is ___

Earth is the ____planet from the sun.
My planet is between ___and ___.

2. Rearrange the letters to get the names of all the

planets in our solar system:

emcyurr __
vsneu __
herat __
mras __
ejurtpi ___
asrunt __
asuurn _
npneuet ___

Activity

» Make groups of four students each and

prepare a model of the Solar System.

* You would be nearly three times lighter on

Mercury than on earth because Mercury has very little
gravity.

* Jupiter is ten times bigger than Earth.

* Venus atmosphere blocks out blue light.
Therefour, if you were standing on Venus, the sky would
look red.
Activity

Make a model of solar system with the help of your

teacher.
LESSON 14

THE MAN WHO GAVE INDIA WINGS

Do you know the name of the man who gave India

wings?
It was Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata. He was
popularly known as JRD. He was born in Paris in July
29,1904. His father Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata was Parsi
and mother Suzanne Briere was French. Tata’s
childhood was spent travelling between France and
India.
Some people said in jest that he got his surname from
an ancestor who stood on the shores of Bombay and
waved ‘ta-ta’ to the departing ships.
In 1924, at the age of 20, as a French citizen, he was
recruited into the French Army. A year later he was sent
to England to prepare for admission in Cambridge
University. But his father Ratanji asked him to return to
Bombay to work in his steel plant called the ‘Tata Steel
Industry’. His father did not consider a college degree
necessary to succeed in life. A year later Ratanji died,
his eldest son and heir, Jehangir, inherited the
directorship of the Tata Sons and Board.
JRD became India’s first licensed pilot in 1929. It was
JRD who gave India wings to fly in 1932. JRD set up
Tata Aviation Service, by piloting the first flight himself
from Karachi to Bombay in a small aircraft. JRD at the
age of 34 was elected the Chairman of Tata and Sons in
1938, making him the youngest head of the largest
industrial group in India. In 1948, Air India was launched
jointly by JRD and the Indian Government. In 1953, JRD
was made the Chairperson of Air India. For the next 25
years he worked tirelessly to make Air India successful.
JRD excelled not only as an aviator but also as a
philanthropist, educationist, sportsman, poet and
sculptor. He received the highest civilian award, the
Bharat Ratna, in 1992 from the Indian Government.

JRD’s last major public statement was an appeal to

Indians to maintain peace. He breathed his last on
November 29, 1993. Do you know JRD Tata was not
only the director of the Tata company but also a great
human being? He made sure that 75% of the company’s
profit was spent on looking after the workers and those
in need.
When you work, work as if everything depends on you.
When you pray, pray as if everything depends on God -
JRD Tata

New Words

Word Meaning

ancestor -पवू ज
recruited -भत िकया
heir -उ रािधकारी
tirelessly -िबना थके
excelled -बहुत अ छा िकया
philanthropist -मानवता वादी
educationist -िश ािवद
sculptor -मिू तकार

Comprehension Questions

1. Answer the following questions :

What was the name of JRD’s parents and which

country did they belong to?
Name the aviation service setup by JRD.
Why did he not have a college degree?
Who became the Director of Tata Boards after
Ratanji’s death?
Why was JRD awarded the Bharat Ratna?
What was JRD’s last public statement?
What different areas did JRD excel in?

2. Choose the correct option:

1.JRD’s father did not consider a college degree
necessary-

a. to succeed in life
b.to earn in life

c. to help others

2.JRD received the highest civilian award, the Bharat

Ratna in-

a. 1980

b. 1989

c. 1992

3.JRD spent 75% of the company’s profit on-

a. maintenance of the industries

b. looking after the need of the workers

c. his personal luxurie

Language Practice
1. Fill in the blanks with a suitable preposition
from the box:

to,from,in, into, on

He was born ___Paris __July 29,1904. He was recruited

____ the French Army. He was sent ________
England. He received the Bharat Ratna Award __1992
__the Indian Government.

2. Narration- Change from Direct to Indirect form

of speech.

There are two forms of speech-

i. Direct form of speech- A statement given by the
speaker himself. Direct Speech consists of two parts- (i)
Reporting Speech (ii) Reported Speech.
She said to him, “Love begets love.”

She said to him-reporting speech

Love begets love.“reported speech

ii. Indirect form of speech- Statement conveyed by

another person to someone.

In Indirect Speech-

* Inverted commas are not used.

* The comma between reporting speech and

reported speech is removed and they are joined together
by the conjunctions like ‘that’, ‘if’ or ‘whether’.

* The signs of question mark and exclamation

are not used. Instead, full stop sign is used.

* The tense of reporting speech is not changed.

* The forms of interrogative, imperative,

exclamatory sentences are changed to assertive
sentences.

* The tense of reported speech is changed

according to the tense of reporting speech.

* First person in the reported speech changes

according to the subject and second person according to
the object in the reporting speech. For third person there
is no change.

Example -
He said, “I have won.”(Direct Speech)

He said that he had won. (Indirect Speech)

Q. Change the following Direct Speech into
Indirect Speech-

i. Madhu said, “I am very busy now.”

ii. He said, “I go to school everyday.”

iii. Ram said, “Anand is a good boy.”

iv. The girl said, “I like singing.”

Activity

Let’s Read and Write

» You have read about JRD Tata - pick out the
qualities that you liked about him and write in the space
given below-
______________.

» Find out the names of some great industrialists

of India. Also mention the field in which they have
contributed.

Name Field of Contribution

3
4
 LESSON-15

The Glorious Sportswomen Of India

In India, the world of sports is still dominated by men.

Women are usually not encouraged to take up sports.
Since their childhood, girls are pushed to learn virtues of
a good homemaker whereas boys are motivated to play
outdoor games.
Even today, while buying toys for children, parents tend
to buy dolls, indoor games and kitchen playing sets for
their daughters, but cricket bats and footballs for their
sons.
On the other hand there are many Indian sportswomen
who have brought glory to the nation by winning medals
and titles.
Now, things have certainly improved for women. The role
and status of an Indian woman in sports have become
equivalent to that of a man.
Fortunately, we have many women sports personalities,
who are the role models for the younger generation; their
success have inspired other girls to take up sports as
their career.
P T Usha is one of India’s best known women atheletes.
She has won many national and international awards.
She was known as ‘The Queen of Indian Track and
Field.’ P T Usha received ‘Padma Shree’ and ‘Arjuna
Award’. She was named the ‘Sportsperson of the
Century’ by the Indian Olympic Association.

Saina Nehwal is also known as the ‘Golden Girl’ of

Indian badminton. She is the first woman in the history of
Indian sports to reach the world’s number one rank in
badminton. She has received ‘Padma Bhushan’, ‘Padma
Shree’, ‘Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna’ and ‘Arjuna Award’ for
badminton.

Sania Mirza is one of the most recognised faces in

Indian sports. She is the only woman face of Indian
Lawn Tennis, who was formerly ranked number one in
the women’s doubles ranking. She has received ‘Arjuna
Award,’ WTA new comer of the year, ‘Padma Shree,’
‘Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna,’ and ‘Padma Bhushan.’

P V Sindhu is a rising star in the world of badminton,

who is currently the world’s number two in BWF world
ranking. She became the first ever Indian woman singles
player to win a medal at the badminton world
championship. She has received ‘Arjuna Award,’ ‘Padma
Shree’ and ‘Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award’.

M C Mary Kom is also known as the ‘Million Rupee

Baby’ in India. This tough lady is a five times boxing
world champion and also has an Olympics bronze medal
in her kitty. She is the first lady boxer to have won the
bronze medal for India at the London Olympics. She is
honoured with ‘Padma Bhushan,’ Padma Shree,’ ‘Arjuna
Award’ and ‘Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award’.

Mithali Raj is the face of Indian women’s cricket

team and is ranked number one by the ICC World
Women Cricket rating. She is the captain of the Indian
women’s cricket team in test and ODI. She is the highest
run scorer in women’s international cricket. She has
received ‘Arjuna Award,’ ‘Padma Shree,’ ‘Youth Sports
Icon of Excellence Award’ and many more.
Geeta Phogat is an Indian wrestler and the first sports
woman from the country to have qualified for the
Olympics. She is a freestyle wrestler who has won
India’s first ever gold medal in wrestling at the
Commonwealth Games. She has been conferred with
the ‘Arjuna Award’ for outstanding achievement in
National Sports in 2012.

Arunima Sinha is the first Indian female amputee to

climb Mount Everest. A former national football and
volleyball player. She lost her leg after she was thrown
out from a running train while resisting an attack from
thieves in 2011. She has received ‘Padma Shree’ and
‘Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award’ which is at
par with the ‘Arjuna Award’.

There are many Indian sportswomen, who bring glory to

their families and the nation. However, our society still
needs to understand that encouraging sports among
girls is as important for their personality development as
it is for their academics. Virtues like team spirit,
leadership, decision making ability and flexibility can be
better learned on the sports ground.

New Words

Word Meaning
 dominated -हावी हुआ

encouraged -प्रो सािहत िकया

conferred -प्रद िकया
virtues -स गुण
motivated -प्रेिरत िकया
glory -स मान िमलना
fortunately-सौभा य वश
athelete -खेलकूद प्रितभागी
honoured-स मािनत िकया

Comprehension Questions

1. Answer the following questions:

a. Who is known as the ‘Golden Girl of Indian

Badminton’?
b. Who is the highest run scorer in women’s
international cricket?

c. Who is your favourite sportswoman and why?

d. What qualities can be learned on the sports

ground?

e. What do you do in order to encourage girls to

take up sports?
2. Tick (a)the correct options:

Who among the following is known as the ‘Queen of

Indian Track and Field’ -
Mithali Raj,,P V Sindhu,,P T Usha ,,Saina Nehwal
M C Mary Kom is also known as -

million rupee baby,,one dollar child ,,500 rupee note

,,crorepati of India

Who is the recipient of ‘Tenzing Norgay Award’ -

Geeta Phogat ,,Sania Mirza,,Arunima Sinha ,,Saina

Nehwal

Who is the highest run scorer in Women’s

International Cricket -
P T Usha ,P V Sindhu ,,Mithali Raj ,,M C Mary Kom

Word Power

1. Match the expressions with their meanings :

Expressions Meanings

black sheep favourite person

dark horse an easy situation

apple of one’s eyedisgrace to the family

bed of roses someone who wins unexpectedly

2. Read the following abbreviations and their full

forms :

IOA -Indian Olympic Association

BWF -Badminton World Federation

ODI - One Day International

ICC -International Cricket Council

WTA-Women’s Tennis Association

Language Practice

1. Read and understand :

We use ‘going to’ when we have the intention to do

something before we speak.
We use ‘going to’ to make prediction about the
future.
Now put the verbs given in the brackets into the
correct form and use ‘going to’. One is done for you
:
It (rain) _______.
It is going to rain.
They (eat) ______ apples.
We (help) ______ you.
I (wear) ______ blue shoes tonight.
It is 8:30 pm. You (miss) __ your train.

2. Read and understand :

Preposition ‘through’ implies entering the middle of

something and then going out the other side.
Preposition ‘across’ implies from one side to the other
side of a place or area.
Example-
He looked through the window.

The boy jumped across the stream.

Now complete the following sentences using
‘through’ or ‘across’ :
a. We swam _____________ the river.
 b. We walked ______________ the forest.
c. The train was passing _____________ the
tunnel.

d. There is a bridge ____________ the river.

e. They walked _____________ to the other side
of the street.

f. He hit the nail ____________ the wood.

Let’s Know More

» National Sports Day is celebrated throughout India

on August 29 to mark Major Dhyan Chand’s birthday .
He is referred to as ‘The wizard, for his incredible
hockey skills’.
» International Day of Sport for Development and
Peace is celebrated on April 6 which recognise the
power of sport in promoting peace and erasing cultural
barriers worldwide.

Activity

Let’s Write

Write a few lines about the ‘Values of Games’ in

Life.
Think of a person who has inspired you. It could be
a friend, family member or a teacher or even a
famous personality. Write how you got inspired by
that person; what qualities do you like about him/her
and how he/she has influenced your life.
Names of some games are given below. Mention
the names of some famous players associated with
these games :

Tennis
Cricket
Football
Badminton
Hockey
LESSON-16

WORLD PEACE

(Students are fighting in the classroom. The teacher

enters the classroom.)
Teacher- Students, why are you fighting?

Aman-Madam, Shanti snatched my notebook.

Shanti-No madam, Aman is telling a lie.
Teacher-Stop fighting. You should not waste your energy
in fighting. Use it in a right way. If you are not able to
keep peace in your classroom, how can you keep peace
in the world.
Aman-Madam,what does peace in the world mean?
Teacher-Before knowing what does ‘peace in the world’
mean,can you tell me the meaning of ‘world’?
Aman-Yes madam, ‘world’ means Duniya or Sansar

Teacher-Good, now tell me what is ‘peace’?

Shanti-Madam, ‘peace’ means ”Shanti ‘.
Teacher-Good, If you want to make peace, begin it from
your home. Don’t fight at home. Don’t quarrel with your
friends, neighbours or anyone around you.
Aman and Shanti -Yes Madam.
Teacher-Then stop quarrelling and try to keep peace in
your surrounding.
Aman and Shanti -Okay madam, we shall try to keep
peace in the society.
Teacher-You got both the words ‘world ’ and ‘peace’.
Now I combine these words and define it to you. ‘World
Peace’ means happiness, freedom and peace among
people. ‘World Peace’ means ‘to bring the world in
harmony.’
Aman-Madam, what is ‘harmony’?

Teacher-The word ‘harmony’ means ‘co-operation,

balance and co-ordination’. There are many factors
which disturb this harmony.

Aman-Madam, please tell us about those factors.

Teacher-Okay, let me tell you about those factors. ‘World
Peace’ is disturbed by two main factors. The first one is
war and terrorism. War and terrorism are acts of violence
which affect our generation emotionally and
psychologically. The other reason which disturbs ‘World
Peace’ is fighting on the basis of caste, creed, colour
and religion. So by eliminating these factors and by
respecting humanity we can make this world a better
place to live in.
Aman-Okay madam, we shall try.
Teacher-Now I am going to tell you the way by which
you can make peace in the world. Have you ever heard
the term ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’?

Aman and Shanti -No madam. We don’t have any idea

about it.
Teacher-Okay let me tell you. ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’
is a Sanskrit phrase which is made of three words:
Vasudha, Eiva, and Kutumbakam which means that the
earth or the world is a family. So we should consider the
whole world as a family to get ‘World Peace’.

New Words

Word Meaning

snatched -झप टा मारा

harmony -सामंज य ;
co-ordination -ताल मेल
terrorism -आतंकवाद
psychologically- मनोवै ािनक प से
eliminate -समा त करना

Comprehension Questions

1. Answer the following questions:

What does ‘World Peace’ mean?

What do you mean by the term ‘harmony’?
 What are the main factors which disturb ‘World
Peace’?
What does the term ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’
mean?
What can we do in order to keep peace in our
surroundings?

Word Power

1. Match the words given in column ‘A’ with their

opposites in column ‘B’:

‘A’ ‘B’

snatch same

quarrel non-violence
friend release

freedom peace

harmony conflict

violence slavery

eliminate enemy
different include

2. Tick (a)the correct words given in the brackets :

Some deserts are (bear / bare) and rocky.

We shall go to Delhi next (week / weak).

We get milk from a (dairy / diary).

Wheat (flour / floor) is used to make bread.
Language Practice

Let’s learn : Active Voice and Passive Voice

Compare these two sentences-

Ritu drew a beautiful picture.

A beautiful picture was drawn by Ritu.

Both the sentences mean the same thing. The only

difference between them is that in the first sentence the
subject (Ritu) is the doer of the action i.e., the subject is
active. The verb drew is, therefore said to be in the
active voice. In the second sentence, the subject
(picture) is not active, but passive, the verb was drawn is
therefore, said to be in the passive voice.
Satish guided me. Active voice

I was guided by Satish. Passive Voice

A village woman is making combs.- Active voice

Combs are being made by a village woman.-Passive

Voice

Teejan Bai has sung Many Pandvani songs- Active

voice

Many Pandvani songs have been sung by Teejan Bai.-

Passive Voice

The Bhils will never hurt you. -Active voice

You will never be hurt by the Bhils.Passive Voice
1. Now change the following sentences into passive
voice. The verbs are given in the bracket for your help.
The first one has been done for you.

a. My mother writes detective stories. (are

written)

a. Detective stories are written by my mother.

b. The children are flying kites.(are being flown).

c. The boy gives me a toy.(was given)

d. You have sold the car.(has been sold).

e. He sings a song.(is sung_.

f. The boy saw the spider. (was seen)

Activity

Let’s Write
» Write the following poem on a chart paper and hang
it in your classroom or school :

Darkness cannot

Drive out darkness

Only light can do that

Hate cannot

Drive out hate

Only love can do that.

» Discuss with your teacher about the leaders
who contributed to the world peace and write a few
lines about them in your notebook :
a. Mahatma Gandhi

b. Nelson Mandela

c. Dalai Lama
LESSON - 17

THE SCHOOL BOY

The school boy in the poem is not a happy child. What

makes him unhappy? Why does he compare himself to a
bird that lives in a cage, or a plant that withers when it
should blossom.
I love to rise in a summer morn,

When the birds sing on every tree;

The distant huntsman winds his horn,
And the skylark sings with me.
O! what sweet company.
But to go to school in a summer morn,
O! it drives all joy away;
Under a cruel eye outworn,
The little ones spend the day,
In sighing and dismay.
How can the bird that is born for joy,
Sit in a cage and sing.

How can a child when fears annoy,

But droop his tender wing,
And forget his youthful spring.
O! Father and mother, if buds are nip’d,
And blossoms blown away,
And if the tender plants are strip’d
Of their joy in the springing day,

By sorrow and cares dismay,

How shall the summer arise in joy,

Or the summer fruits appear?

New Words/Phrases

Word Meaning

sighing -आह भरना

annoy -परेशान करना
droop -नीचे झुकना
nipped -फु रती से काटना
stripped -िनकाल देना

Comprehension Questions
1. Answer the following questions:

Find three or four words/phrases in stanza 1 that

reflect the child’s happiness and joy.
In stanza 2, the mood changes. Which
words/phrases reflect the changed mood?
‘A cruel eye outworn’ (stanza 2) refers to

(i). the classroom which is shabby/noisy.

(ii). the lessons which are difficult/uninteresting.

(iii). the dull/uninspiring life at school with lots of work
and no play.
(d). Why cannot a bird be joyful in a cage?

Word Power

Find the antonyms of the following words from the

poem-
(a). sour - __

(b). happiness - _
(c). rise - __

(d). hard - ___

(e). disappear ___

Activity
Vacation is a time for fun and relaxation for all of us.
Write a paragraph on how would you like to spend your
vacations.

Appendix - I

Facing an Interview

Here are some questions you can ask your friends :

› Give your brief introduction.

› What do you like about your school?

› What do you like to do for fun?

› Which game do you like to play with your

friends.? Why is it your favourite game?
› If you could be any animal, which one would
you like to be and why?

› Tell about a funny thing that had happened in

your life.

› What do you like the most about yourself and

why?

› What was the nicest thing you did for

someone?

› What do you think you will be doing ten years

from now?
 › What do you think makes a person good
looking?

Now write a paragraph about your friend you have

interviewed with the information you have gathered :

______________________
Appendix - II

Consult a dictionary and write the meaning of

underlined words:

» The bandage was wound around the wound.

» The dump was so full that it had to refuse more

refuse.

» The soldier decided to desert his dessert in the

desert.
» When shot at, the dove dove into the bushes.

» The insurance was invalid for the invalid.

» They were too close to the door to close it.

» There is no time like the present to prsesent the

present.
 SYMBOL OF KNOWLEDGE -

DR. BHIMRAO RAMJI AMBEDKAR

Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is popularly known as ‘Baba

Saheb’. He was an Indian jurist, economist,
politician, social reformer, Buddhist activist, philospher,
thinker, anthropologist, historian and orator. He spent his
entire life fighting against social discrimination. He also
supported the rights of women and labour. He was
independent India’s first law minister and the principal
architect of the Constitution of India.

Here are some inspiring quotes by Baba Saheb

Ambedkar:
› They cannot make history who forget history.
› I like the religion that teaches liberty, equality and
fraternity.

› Life should be great rather than long.

› Cultivation of mind should be the ultimate aim of
human existence.
› If you believe in living a respectable life, you believe
in self-help which is the best help.
› I measure the progress of a community by the
degree of progress which women have achieved.

› A great man is different from an eminent one in that

he is ready to be the servant of the society.
Direction -

Shri Sanjay Sinha, (Director)- SCERT,U.P,Lucknow

Shri Ajay Kumar Singh (J.D.,SSA),SCERT,Lucknow

E-book Development

Alpa Nigam (H.T) Primary Model School, Tilauli

,Gorakhpur
Amit Sharma (A.T) U.P.S, Mahatwani ,Unnao
Anita Vishwakarma (A.T) Primary School ,Pilibhit
Anubhav Yadav (A.T) P.S.Gulariya,Unnao
Anupam Choudhary (A.T)P.S,Naurangabad,Badaun
Ashutosh Anand (A.T) U.P.S,Miyanganj,Barabanki
Deepak Kushwaha (A.T)
U.P.S,Gazaffarnagar,unnao
Firoz Khan (A.T) P.S,Chidawak,Bulandshahr
Gaurav Singh (A.T) U.P.S,Fatehpur
Mathia,Fatehpur
Hritik Verma (A.T) P.S.Sangramkheda,Unnao
Maneesh Pratap Singh (A.T)
P.S.Premnagar,Fatehpur
Nitin Kumar Pandey (A.T)P.S,
Madhyanagar,Shravasti
Pranesh Bhushan Mishra (A.T) U.P.S,Patha,Lalitpur
Prashant Chaudhary (A.T) P.S.Rawana,Bijnor
Rajeev Kumar Sahu (A.T)
U.P.S.Saraigokul,Sultanpur
Shashi Kumar (A.T)
P.S.Lachchhikheda,Akohari,Unnao
Shivali Gupta (A.T) U.P.S,Dhaulri,Meerut
Varunesh Mishra (A.T) P.S.Madanpur
Paniyar,Sultanpur