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Battery Charger Circuit Using SCR

AUGUST 24, 2015 BY ADMINISTRATOR — 37 COMMENTS

The battery is charged with small amount of AC voltage or DC voltage. So if you want to
charge your battery with AC source then should follow these steps, we need first limit the
large AC voltage, need to filter the AC voltage to remove the noise, regulate and get the
constant voltage and then give the resulting voltage to the battery for charging. Once
charging is completed the circuit should automatically turned off.
 Table of Contents 
0.1. Block Diagram of Battery Charger Using SCR:
0.2. Circuit Diagram of Battery Charger Using SCR
0.3. Battery Charger Circuit using SCR and LM 311
0.3.1. Principle Behind this Circuit
0.4. Circuit Diagram of Battery Charger Circuit using SCR and LM311
0.4.1. Circuit Design of Battery Charger using SCR and LM311:
0.4.2. How to Operate Battery Charger Circuit?
0.4.3. Applications of Battery Charger Circuit using SCR and LM311:
0.4.3.1. Limitations of Battery Charger Circuit:

Block Diagram of Battery Charger Using SCR:

The AC source is given to the step down transformer which converts the large AC source into
limited AC source, filter the AC voltage and remove the noise and then give that voltage to the
SCR where it will rectify the AC and give the resulting voltage to the battery for charging.

Circuit Diagram of Battery Charger Using SCR

Circuit diagram of the Battery Charger Circuit using SCR can be seen below
Circuit Diagram Explanation

• The AC main voltage is given to the step down transformer the voltage should be down
to 20V approx. the step down voltage is given to the SCR for rectification and SCR
rectifies AC main voltage. This rectified voltage is used to charge battery.
• When the battery connecter to the charging circuit, the battery will not be dead
completely and it will get discharged this will give the forward bias voltage to the
transistor through the diode D2 and resistor R7 which will get turned on. When the
transistor is turned on the SCR will get off.
• When the battery voltage is dropped the forward bias will be decreased and transistor
gets turned off. When the transistor is turned off automatically the diode D1 and resistor
R3 will get the current to the gate of the SCR, this will triggers the SCR and gets conduct.
SCR will rectifies the AC input voltage and give to the battery through Resistor R6.
• This will charge the battery when the voltage drop in the battery decreases the forward
bias current also gets increased to the transistor when the battery is completely charged
the Transistor Q1 will be again turned on and turned off the SCR.

Also read the post: Lead Acid Battery Charger Circuit

Battery Charger Circuit using SCR and LM 311

Here is another circuit controlled battery charger using an SCR and LM311 . The AC signal is
rectified using a SCR and a comparator is used to detect the battery charge voltage with
respect to a reference voltage so as to control the switching of the SCR.

Principle Behind this Circuit

The principle behind the circuit lies in controlling the switching of an SCR based on the
charging and discharging of the battery. Here the SCR acts as a rectifier as well as a switch to
allow the rectified DC voltage to be fed to charge the battery. In case the battery gets fully
charged, this situation is detected using a comparator circuit and SCR is turned off.
When the battery charge drops below a threshold level, the comparator output is so as to turn
the SCR on and the battery gets charging again. Here the comparator compares the voltage
across the battery with a reference voltage.

Circuit Diagram of Battery Charger Circuit using SCR and

LM311

Circuit Diagram of Battery voltage charger using LM311 and SCR – ElectronicsHub.Org

Circuit Design of Battery Charger using SCR and LM311:

Designing the whole circuit depends on the kind of battery used to be recharged.  Suppose
we are using a 6 cell, 9V Ni-Cd battery with an ampere hour rating of 20Ah and a single cell
voltage of 1.5V. This would set the required optimum battery voltage to be around 9V.

For a voltage of 9V across the potential divider, the voltage across the pot and resistor should
be above 5.2V (reference voltage level). For this purpose we select a potential divider
arrangement consisting of 22K resistor, 40K resistor and a 20k pot.

Output current from LM311 is about 50mA and since here we are using transistor BC547 with a
low base current, we require a resistor of about 150 ohms. The transformer used is a 230/12V
transformer. Primary of the transformer is connected to 230V AC supply whereas the
secondary is connected to the rectifier.

“ Also Read the Post – Automatic Battery Charger Circuit

How to Operate Battery Charger Circuit?

Initially when the circuit is powered and the battery level is below the threshold voltage, the
circuit performs the task of charging the battery. The SCR gets triggered with a voltage at its
Gate terminal through the resistor R1 and diode D1. It then starts rectifying the AC voltage,
though only for the half cycle. As the DC current starts flowing to the battery through the
resistor R2, the battery gets charged. The voltage across the potential divider consisting of the
pot RV1 and resistor R4 depends upon the voltage across the battery. This voltage is applied
to the inverting terminal of the OPAMP LM311.

The non inverting terminal is given a reference voltage of 5.2V using a Zener diode.  For
normal charging operation, this reference voltage is more than the voltage across the
potential divider and the output of the comparator is less than the threshold voltage required
to trigger the NPN transistor into conduction. The transistor and the diode D3 thus remains off
and the SCR gate gets triggering voltage through R1 and D1.

Now when the battery starts charging and at a certain point when it is fully charged, the
voltage across the potential divider reaches a value above the reference voltage. This implies
the voltage at the inverting terminal is less than the voltage at non inverting terminal and the
output of the comparator is more than the threshold base emitter voltage for the transistor.

This causes the transistor to conduct and it is switched on. At the same time as the diode D3 is
forward biased, it starts conducting and this blocks the triggering the SCR gate voltage as it is
now connected to low potential or ground. The SCR thus gets switched off and the charging
operation is stopped or paused. Again when the battery charge drops below the threshold
level, the charging operation resumes in the manner described above. The resistor R7 and
diode D4 are to ensure a small amount of trickle charging takes place in case of the SCR being
in off condition.

“ Note: Also Read the Post – Mobile Phone Travel Battery Charger Circuit

Applications of Battery Charger Circuit using SCR and LM311:

1. It can be used to charge batteries used for toys.
2. It is a portable circuit and can be carried anywhere.
3. It can be used as an automatic battery charger, used specially during driving.

Limitations of Battery Charger Circuit:

1. The AC to DC conversion here uses only the rectifier and may contain AC ripples as
there is no filter.
2. The half wave rectifier makes the charging and discharging quite slow.
3. This circuit cannot be used for batteries with higher Ampere-hour rating.
4. The battery charging may take longer time.
FILED UNDER: ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONICS, FREE PROJECT CIRCUITS, MINI PROJECTS

Comments

jitendra pal singh says

APRIL 18, 2014 AT 3:57 PM

Content is very important and useful. Thanks for sharing.

Reply

Sandeep Karumanchi says

JUNE 5, 2014 AT 4:32 PM

Thanks for sharing a good post…. I need a charging circuit with SCR for 4 volts 4.5Ah Sealed
Lead Acid Battery. I request you to mail the circuit diagram for above requirements
“[email protected]”

Thank you….

Reply

pavi says
 JULY 13, 2014 AT 10:35 AM

clearly tell about, components using charger

Reply

Administrator says
JULY 16, 2014 AT 6:33 AM

Check the circuit in any simulation software. You will get better results.

Reply

mE says
AUGUST 9, 2014 AT 2:30 AM

is this applicable for charging a 9 volts battery? please send me the circuit diagram for
charging 9volts battery [email protected] thank you

Reply

mE says
AUGUST 9, 2014 AT 2:34 AM

please include the components needed, thanks again

Reply

shubham vadagave says

AUGUST 16, 2014 AT 2:45 PM

sir can u send us power bjt driver ckt with component value,
if u have…?
Reply

sanjay says
AUGUST 27, 2014 AT 9:41 AM

please send me A PPT on Battery Charger Circuit Using SCR

Reply

pratik says
AUGUST 27, 2014 AT 10:52 AM

pls give me more detail,for making this circuit ,i use this circuit to making my minor
project .
pls replay me at [email protected]

Reply

harini says
SEPTEMBER 4, 2014 AT 6:31 AM

if the conductor is for flow of electrons why the resistor is placed

Reply

shridhar says
OCTOBER 15, 2014 AT 12:46 PM

what are the applications of SCRs in battery charging???

Reply
 Sugan says
OCTOBER 26, 2014 AT 1:59 PM

wat is F1 ???? and its usage ????

is r7 a variable resistor
how to connect r7 and d3???
plz help me i am new to circuits

Reply

phakane says
NOVEMBER 26, 2014 AT 12:07 PM

Can you please help me with a battery charger fo 9 V

Reply

venu gopal says

NOVEMBER 26, 2014 AT 2:49 PM

suppose when circuit is sucess then what will be the output voltage at bettery

Reply

murali tharan says

JANUARY 21, 2016 AT 7:35 AM

good project

Reply

nandhakumar says
 FEBRUARY 1, 2016 AT 7:24 AM

miniproject 2016

Reply

sunitha says
FEBRUARY 10, 2016 AT 11:48 AM

i couldn’t understand this circuits..i’m from mechanical …..my project is about automatic
charging for lipo battery like the i phone case battery charger..can this possible with this
scr?

Reply

Anusha says
FEBRUARY 15, 2016 AT 8:19 AM

Lithium ion and Lithium Polymer batteries need constant current and constant
voltage. This may not be possible with SCR based circuits. Consider the IC TP4069,
which can give a constant voltage of 4.2V and a programmable current upto 1A.

Reply

arati patil says

FEBRUARY 11, 2016 AT 3:37 AM

specification of transformer is not concluded .also detail info about triggering of scr and
diod shoud be given in operation of ckt

Reply

Tipu says
 MARCH 2, 2016 AT 2:53 PM

Can you say what type of battery will be charged. I want to know the type and rating of the
battery.
Thanks..!

Reply

harer tejswini pundalik says

MARCH 3, 2016 AT 5:45 AM

pls mention what type of battery will be charged. I want to know the type and rating of the
battery.also give brief discription of working encluding component specifications.

Reply

ramya says
MARCH 14, 2016 AT 11:35 AM

I want to know which battery is used for charging the circuit

Reply

rahul says
MARCH 29, 2016 AT 1:49 PM

what is f1

Reply

Shivam Bansal says

AUGUST 8, 2016 AT 5:34 AM

it is fuse of 2amperes
 Reply

Mahagoda says
MAY 13, 2016 AT 8:12 AM

is this applicable for charging a 9 volts battery? please send me the circuit diagram for
charging 9volts battery thank you

Reply

Ramya says
MAY 24, 2016 AT 4:49 AM

Which type of battery is used in battery charger circuit using SCR ?

Reply

M.RAGUL says
JULY 20, 2016 AT 5:18 AM

very nice

Reply

piya says
AUGUST 9, 2016 AT 6:30 AM

sir here we are using 230v ac supply which is the main drawback of this project..
it we are able to give 230v supply then we will use simply the charger.Why we should go
for this ????

Reply
 piya says
AUGUST 9, 2016 AT 6:33 AM

Sir here we are giving 230v ac supply which is the main drawback of this project.If we are
using 230v supply then we will use simply the charger.Why we should go for this?

Reply

Priyanka lad says

SEPTEMBER 14, 2016 AT 2:56 AM

sir plz infrom result and conclusion

Reply

G.mahalakshmi says
SEPTEMBER 19, 2016 AT 12:38 AM

what will be the output voltage result to charge the 9 V battery?? sir plz inform as soon as
possible

Reply

Manoj Subhash Anavakar says

OCTOBER 14, 2016 AT 5:18 AM

what are the roles of the diodes in the ckt of battery charger using the SCR.

Reply
 Jas says
NOVEMBER 29, 2016 AT 8:44 AM

What specific scr can be use in a battery charger for lithium ion batteries?

Reply

M.Bilal says
MAY 22, 2017 AT 7:44 AM

Very Informative topic.

enjoyed

Reply

p.usha says
OCTOBER 21, 2017 AT 1:28 AM

we want programs for paticular projects

Reply

John Doe says

MARCH 21, 2018 AT 3:54 AM

“Send me…”
Lots of freeloaders here.. want help for free…
“Knowledge is Power! Get an education!”.

Reply

Anju Thomas says

SEPTEMBER 25, 2018 AT 11:40 AM
 Sir ..please explain the design of the SCR transistor charger circuit..Also please explain the
reasons for choosing the resistors and SCR with that particular specifications . What are the
advantages and applications of this circuit..
Hope you will kindly inform it soon

Reply

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