QA – Last digit

Last digit
Unit digit of the resultant value depends upon the unit digits of all the participating numbers.
So we can find out the unit digit of the resultant value only by solving the unit digits of the given
expression. For example the last digit of the following sum : 2176543+785396+ 997346122 +
853084129, will depend only on the sum of 3,6,2 and 9, the respective last digits of the given
numbers.
The unit digit of will depend on the product of 4, 7 and 3 and will be 4.
The unit digit of will be 0

Example: Find the unit digit of the product of all the odd prime numbers:
5 is an odd number. If the number whose last digit is 5, is multiplied by any odd number, the
unit digit of the product will always be 5 and if multiplied by any even number (including zero),
the unit digit of the product is always zero. Therefore last digit of the product of all odd prime
numbers is 5.

Cyclicity
11 =1 21=2 31=2 41=2 51=5 61=6 71=7 81=8 91=9
12=1 22=4 32=4 42=4 52=25 62=36 72=49 82=64 92=81
13=1 23=8 33=8 43=8 53=125 63=216 73=343 83=512 93=729
14=1 24=16 34=16 44=16 55=625 66=1296 74=2401 88=4096 99=6561
15=1 25=32 35=32 45=32 55=3125 65=7776
16=1 26=64 36=64 46=64 56=15625
17=1 27=128 37=128 47=128
18=1 28=256 38=256 48=256
19=1 29=512 39=512 49=512
110=1 210=1024 310=1024 410=1024
111=1 211=2048 311=2048 411=2048
112=1 212=4096 312=4096 412=4096

Last digits
2  2, 4, 8, 6

3  3, 9, 7, 1

4  4, 6

5  5,

6  6,

7  7, 9, 3, 1

8  8, 4, 2, 6

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 1

QA – Last digit

9  9, 1

10  0

1) The last digit (or unit digits) of 0, 1, 5 and 6 is always the same irrespective of their
powers raised on them.
2) The last digit of 4 and 9 follows the pattern of odd-even their period is 2.
3) The last digit of 2, 3, 7, 8 repeats after every 4 steps their cyclic period is 4
4) (Any even number)4n will end in 6. It means that any even number raised to any power,
which is a multiple of 4, will give us 6 as the unit digit.
5) (Any odd number)4n will end in 1. It means that any odd number raised to any power,
which is a multiple of 4, will give us 1 as the unit digit. Exception are 0 and 5 as these
are independent of power, and unit digit will be the same respectively.

To summarize
Digit at Unit's Place in abcn

Here the given number is abcn  index

Base

Here c is the last digit of the base.

To find out the last digit in abcn, following steps are to be followed.

Divide the index n by 4, then

Case I

If remainder = 0, then

If c is odd except 5, then last digit = 1

If c is even, then last digit = 6

Case II

If remainder = 1, then required last digit = last digit of base i.e. c

If remainder = 2, then required last digit = last digit of c2

if remainder = 3, then required last digit = last digit of c3

Solved Examples:

1) Find the last digit in 5784327 86

Solution: Dividing 86 by 4, the remainder = 2, the required last digit is the last digit of c2, i.e. 72 = 9

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 2

QA – Last digit

2) Find the last digit in 8946863

Solution: Dividing 63 by 4, the remainder = 3. The required last digit is the last digit of c3, i.e. 83 = 512,
hence the last digit is 2

3) Find the last digit in 1234567 77

Solution: Dividing 77 by 4, the remainder = 1, the required last digit is the last digit of 71 = 7

4) Find the last digit in 12375879

Solution: Dividing 79 by 4, the remainder = 3. The required last digit is the last digit of 83 = 512, hence the
last digit is 2

5) Find the unit digit of 256782345 x 34854857.

Solution: unit digit of 256782345 = unit digit of 845
845 = 844+1 = 844 81 = (... 6) x 8 = ...8

6) what is the unit digit of 323232?

Solution: 32 is an even number which is having a power of the form 4«. So, it will give 6 as the
unit digit.

7) Find the unit digit of .

Solution: The last digit of

Since its cyclic period is four, it means the unit digit of 2 will repeat after every 4 steps. Hence
we can say that the last digit of is the same and the last
digit of is same and the last digit of
is same and the last digit of etc. Is
same. Hence the last digit of is 8.

Alternatively: you can see that the powers which are divisible by 4 ( cyclic period) give the
same unit digit as As etc.
Again the powers which leave the remainder 1 when divided by 4 (which is the cyclic period)
give the same unit digit as As etc.
Similarly the powers which leave the remainder 2 when divided by 4, give the same unit digit as
. As … etc.
Similarly the powers which leave the remainder 3 when divided by 4 give the same unit digit as
. As etc.

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 3

QA – Last digit

Since when 75 is divided by 4, the remainder is 3. Hence, the unit digit of is equal to the
unit digit of which is equal to 8.

8) Find the unit digit of ( ) .

Solution the unit digit of ( ) will be same as ( ) . Now since we know that the cyclic
period of unit digit of 2 is 4. The remainder when 78 is divided by 4 is 2. Hence the unit digit of
will be same as which is 4. Thus the unit digit of is 4.

9) find the unit digit of ( ) .

Solution since we know that the unit digit of ( ) will be same as ( ) . Now the
unit-digit of will be 7 since it will be equal to the unit digit of . Thus the unit digit of
( ) is 7.

10) find the unit digit of ( ) .

Solution the unit digit of ( ) will be same as ( ) . Now since we know that the cyclic
period of unit digit of 2 is 4. The remainder when 98 is divided by 4 is 2. Hence the unit digit of
will be same as which is 4. Thus the unit digit of is 4.

11) find the unit digit of ( ) .

Solution since we know that the unit digit of ( ) will be same as ( ) . Now the
unit-digit of will be 7 since it will be equal to the unit digit of . Thus the unit digit of
( ) is 7.

12) find the unit digit of .

Solution the unit digit of the given expression will be equal to the unit digit of the sum of
the unit digits of both the terms individually.
Now, unit digit of is 7 (since it will be equal to ) and the unit digit of is 9 (since it will
be equal to )
Thus the unit digit of is 7+9 = 16=6.

13) find the unit digit of

Solution the unit digit of is 6
The unit digit of is 7
The unit digit of is 4
The unit digit of is 6
The unit digit of is 7
The unit digit of is 2
The unit digit of is 9
Therefore the unit digit of the given expression is 6, (since
).

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 4

QA – Last digit

14) find the unit digit of

Solution the unit digit of is 9
The unit digit of is 4
The unit digit of is 6
The unit digit of is 1
The unit digit of is 4
The unit digit of is 9
Therefore the unit digit of the given expression is 6, (since ).

15) find the unit digit of 111! (factorial 111).

Solution
Since there is a product of 5 and 2 hence it will give zero as the unit digit.
Hence the unit digit of 111! Is 0 (zero).

16) find the unit digit of product of all the prime number between 1 and ( ) .
Solution the set of prime number s = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, …}
Since there is one 5 and one 2 which gives 10 after multiplying mutually, it means the unit digit
will be zero.

17) find the unit digit of product of all the elements of the set which consists all the prime
numbers greater than 2 but less than 222.
Solution the set of required prime number = {3, 5,7, 11, …}
Since there is no any even number in the set so when 5 will multiply with any odd number, it
will always give 5 as the last digit.
Hence the unit digit will be 5.

18) find the last digit of .

Solution the last digit of the expression will be same as the last digit of . Now
the last digit of is 6 and the last digit of the is 4.
Thus the last digit of is 0 (zero), since .

19) find the last digit of .

Solution the last digit of is same as
But
( )

,
Where ( )
Again ( ) unit digit is 6, for every
Hence, the required unit digit = 6.

20) Find the last digit of expression :

.

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 5

QA – Last digit

The unit digit of the whole expression will be the equal to the unit of the sum of the unit digits
of the expression.
Now adding the unit digits of
We get 1+4+9+6+5+6+9+4+1+0 = 45
Hence, the unit digit of is 5.
Now since there are 10 similar columns of numbers which will yield the same unit digit 5. Hence
the sum of unit digits of all the 10 columns is ( ).
Hence, the unit digit of the given expression is 0 (zero).

21) Find the unit digit of

the unit digit of
The unit digit of
The unit digit of
The unit digit of
The unit digit of
The unit digit of
The unit digit of
The unit digit of
The unit digit of
The unit digit of
Thus the unit digit of the given expression will be 7.
( )

22) Find the unit digit of

.
the unit digit of is 1
The unit digit of is 8
The unit digit of is 4
The unit digit of is 1
So the resultant value of the unit digits

Thus the unit digit of the whole expression is 4.

23) Find the unit digit of expression

is :
(a) 7
(b) 9
(c) 8
(d) none of these

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 6

QA – Last digit

Since in the numerator of the product of the expression there will be 2 zeros at the and these
two zeros will be cancelled by 2 zeros of the denominator. Hence finally we get a non-zero unit
digit in the expression.
now,

Therefore, the unit digit of the given expression will be same as that of .
Now, the unit digit of is 8.
( the product of unit digits of is )
Hence, the unit digit of is 8.

24) Find the unit digit of the expression

.
First of all we Find the unit digit individually of all the four terms,
So, the unit digit of is equal to the unit digit of
Now, the unit digit of is equal to the unit of (since 9235! Is divisible by 4), which is 6.
Again the unit digit is equal to the unit digit of and the unit digit of is
same as that of which is 6, since 9235! Is divisible by 4. Further the unit digit of is 6,
which always constant for all the powers except zero and the unit digit of is 1 since the
value of 9999! Is even.
Thus the unit digit of the expression is 9. ( )

25) The last digit of the following expression is :

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
The unit digit of the given expression will be equal to the unit digit of the sum of the unit digits
of every term of the expression.
Now, the unit digit of ( )
the unit digit of ( )
the unit digit of ( )
the unit digit of ( )
the unit digit of ( )
the unit digit of ( )
Thus the last digit of the ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) will be zero.
So, the unit digit of the given expression = 7
( )

26) The last 5 digit of the following expression will be

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) +( ) ( ) ( )
( )

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 7

QA – Last digit

(a) 45939 (b) 00929 (c) 20929 (d) can’t be

determined
The last digit of ( )
The last digit of ( )
The last digit of ( )
The last digit of ( )
The last digit of ( )
The last 5 digit of ( )
The last 5 digit of ( )
( )
( )
( )
Thus the last 5 digits of the given expression = 00929

27) When 332 is divided by 50, it gives a number of the format (asdf... Xy) (xy being the last
two digits after decimal). Find y.

It can be observed that unit digit of 332 = 1. Now my number having 1 as the unit digit will
always give 2 at the unit place when divided by 50. So, answer is 2.

28) What is the last non-zero digit of the number 302720? (cat 2005,2 marks)
302720 = [304]680= ... 10000 .... 00

Proprietary and Confidential ABS Classes 8