1. A 39-year-old man who had been operated for the stomach ulcer died 7 days after the surgery.

Autopsy revealed that peritoneal leaves were dull, plethoric, covered with massive yellow-
greenish films, the peritoneal cavity contained about 300 ml of thick yellow-greenish liquid.
What pathologic process was revealed in the peritoneal cavity?
A. Fibrinoussuppurative peritonitis
B. Serous peritonitis
C. Fibrinous serous peritonitis
D. Peritoneal commissures
E. Fibrinoushaemorrhagic peritonitis
2. During autopsy approximately 2,0 liters of pus have been found in the abdominal cavity of the
corpse. Peritoneum is lustreless and has grayish shade, serous tunic of intestines has grayish-
colored coating that is easily removable. Specify the most likely type of peritonitis in the patient:
A. Fibrinopurulent peritonitis
B. Hemorrhagic peritonitis
C. Serous peritonitis
D. Tuberculous peritonitis
3. Examination of the removed stomach revealed a deep roundish defect with regular edges at
the lesser curvature of the antrum. The defect reached the muscular tunic and was 1,5 cm in
diameter. Within the defect floor there was a translucent dense area resembling of a hyaline
cartilage. What process had developed in the floor of the stomach defect?
A. Local hyalinosis
B. Amyloidosis
C. Mucoid swelling
D. Fibrinoid alterations
E. General hyalinosis
4. At the post-mortem examination the stomach of a patient with renal failure was found to have
a yellow-brown coating on the thickened mucosa. The coating was firmly adhering to its surface
and had significant thickness. Microscopy revealed congestion and necrosis of mucosal and
submucosal layers, fibrin presence. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Fibrinous gastritis
B. Croupous gastritis
C. Gastric abscess
D. Esogastritis
E. Corrosive gastritis
5. Histological examination of the biopsy material obtained from the lower third of the
esophagus of a 57-year-old male with the symptoms of continuous reflux revealed the change of
the strati- fied squamous epithelium to the singlelayer columnar glandular epithelium with signs
of mucus production. Specify the pathological process in the mucous membrane:
A. Metaplasia
B. Hyperplasia
C. Hypertrophy
D. Organization
E. Regeneration
6. The liver puncture biopsy of a patient with hepatocellular insufficiency revealed hydropic and
ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes, necrosis of certain cells, presence of Kaunsilmen’s
bodies. Portal and lobular stroma were infiltrated mostly with lymphocytes and macrophages as
well as with a small number of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A. Acute viral hepatitis
B. Chronic persistent hepatitis
C. Chronic aggressive hepatitis
D. Autoimmune hepatitis
E. Alcoholic hepatitis
7. A patient died from acute cardiac insufficiency, among clinical presentations there was
gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Examination of mucous membrane of stomach revealed some
defects reaching myenteron; their edges and bottom were mostly even and loose, some of them
contained dark-red blood. What pathological process was revealed?
A. Acute ulcers
B. Chronic ulcers
C. Erosions
D. Thrombosis
E. Inflammation
8. A pathology-histology laboratory received a vermiform appendix up to 2,0 cm thick. Its serous
membrane was pale, thick and covered with yellowish-green films. The wall was flaccid, of
grayish-red colour. The appendix lumen was dilated and filled with yellowish-green substance.
Histological examination revealed that the appendix wall was infiltrated with neutrophils.
Specify the appendix disease:
A. Acute phlegmonous appendicitis
B. Acute gangrenous appendicitis
C. Acute superficial appendicitis
D. Acute simple appendicitis
E. Chronic appendicitis
9. Microscopical examination of a removed appendix revealed an edema, diffuse neutrophilic
infiltration of appendix wall along with necrosis and defect of mucous membrane with affection
of its muscle plate. What appendicitis form was developed?
A. Ulcerophlegmonous
B. Phlegmonous
C. Gangrenous
D. Superficial
E. Apostematous
10. Analysis of a punction biopsy material of liver revealed hepatocyte dystrophy with necroses
as well as sclerosis with disorder of beam and lobulous structure, with formation of
pseudolobules and regenerative nodes. What is the most probable diagnosis:
A. Liver cirrhosis
B. Chronic hepatosis
C. Chronic hepatitis
D. Progressive massive liver necrosis
E. Acute hepatitis
11. A 59-year-old man has symptoms of parenchymatous jaundice and portal hypertension.
Histological examination of the puncture of the liver bioptate has revealed an affected
beamlobule structure, part of hepatocytes has signs of fat dystrophy, port-portal connective tissue
septa with formation of pseudo-lobules, with periportal lymphomacrophage infiltrations. What is
the most probable diagnosis?
A.Liver cirrhosis
B. Alcohol hepatitis
C. Chronic hepatosis
D. Viral hepatitis
E. Toxic dystrophy
12. A male patient, who suffered from peptic ulcer of the stomach during 8 years, revealed a
sharp muscular tension in the anterior abdominal wall. On laparotomy, a defect was found in the
pyloric wall. The peritoneum was dim, dingy grey and had yellow-grey superposition. What
complication of peptic ulcer of the stomach developed in the patient?
A. Perforation
B. Haemorrhage
C. Penetration
D. Perigastritis
E. Phlegmon of gastric wall
13. A histological examination of a male patient, who abused alcohol and died from ethanol
poisoning, revealed in his pancreas an atrophy of the parenchyma, dilation of ducts which
resembled cysts in some places, formation of regenerative adenomata, sclerosis, a focal
petrification and lymphohistiocytic stromal infiltrations. Which of the diagnoses listed below
was the most probable?
A. Chronic pancreatitis
B. Haemorrhagic pancreatitis
C. Acute purulent pancreatitis
D. Fatty pancreatonecrosis
E. Pancreatic carcinoma
14. An autopsy of a 48-year-old female, who died from intoxication, revealed icteric colouring of
the skin and sclerae, the liver was characterized by a sharply reduced size, flaccid consistency
and a contracted capsule. On section, the hepatic tissue was red and plethoric. Microscopically,
the hepatocytes were necrotized in the center of the lobules and in the state of fatty degeneration
on the periphery; the reticular stroma of the organ was exposed, the sinusoids were dilated and
sharply plethoric. Which of the diagnoses listed below was the most probable?
A. Massive necrosis of liver at the stage of red dystrophy
B. Acute productive hepatitis
C. Chronic active hepatitis
D. Massive necrosis of liver at the stage of yellow dystrophy
E. Steatosis
15. Microscopically investigation of the liver’s biopsy has revealed that bile ducts and capillaries have
been dilated, overfilled with bile, had small focal necrosis in the adjacent hepatocytes with
periductal lymphocytic infiltration and abundant development of connective tissue in the
lobules and portal tracts with newly formed biliary capillaries, regeneration of hepatocytes and
construction of the liver tissue. What diagnosis is the most probable?
A. Biliary cirrhoses
B. Persistent chronic hepatitis
C. Postnecrotic cirrhoses
D. Toxic degeneration of the liver
E. Steatosis
16. After mushroom poisoning the patient developed signs of acute hepatic failure leading to his
death. On autopsy the liver is diminished, flaccid; the capsule is wrinkled; the tissue is ochre-
yellow on section. Microscopically: fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, necrotic central segments
of the hepatic lobes. These changes are characteristic of:
A. Massive progressive necrosis
B. Fatty hepatosis
C. Hepatocellular degeneration
D. Acute exudative hepatitis
E. Acute productive hepatitis
17. At the postmortem examination the stomach of the patient with renal failure was found to
have a yellow-brown coating on the thickening mucosa. The coating was firmly adhering to its
surface and had significant thickness. Microscopy revealed congestion and necrosis of mucosal
and submucosal layers, fibrin presence. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Diphtheric gastritis
B. Catarrhal gastritis
C. Phlegmonous gastritis
D. Corrosive gastritis
E. Croupous gastritis
18. Histologic examination revealed in all layers of appendix a big number of polymorthonuclear
leukocytes; hyperemia, stases. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
A. Phlegmonous appendicitis
B. Gangrenous appendicitis
C. Superficial appendicitis
D. Simple appendicitis
E. Chronic appendicitis
19. Opening of a patient’s abdominal cavity revealed for about 2,0 L of purulent fluid.
Peritoneum is dull, greyish, serous tunic of intestines has grayish layers that can be easily
removed. It is most likely to be:
A. Fibrinopurulent peritonitis
B. Hemorrhagic peritonitis
C. Serous peritonitis
D. Tuberculous peritonitis
E. –
20. A 9 y.o. child has been taking antibiotics on account of bronchopneumonia for a long time.
There appeared pain and burning in the area of mucous mebrane of his lips and tongue.
Objectively: mucous membrane of lips and tongue has caseous and grey plaques that can be
easily removed by a spatula leaving hyperemia foci on their spot. Microscopical examination of
the plaques revealed mycelium. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A. Candidous cheilitis
B. Exfoliative cheilitis
C. Leukoplakia
D. Contactant allergic cheilitis
E. Manganotti’s cheilitis
21. Autopsy of an aged man who had been suffering from acute intestinal upset for the last 2
weeks revealed the following changes in the rectum and sigmoid colon: mucous membrane
surface was coated with brown-green film. The intestine wall was thickened, and its cavity was
extremely constricted. Microscopical examination revealed variously deep penetrating necrosis
ofmucous membrane; necrotic masses contained fibrin fibers and bore signs of leukocytic
infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Fibrinous colitis
B. Catarrhal colitis
C. Ulcerative colitis
D. Follicular collitis
E. –
22. A removed vermiform appendix was sent for a histological analysis. The appendix was
enlarged, with thickened walls and dull plethoric serous membrane covered by coagulated fibrin.
After dissection some pus could be seen. Microscopical examination revealed vascular
congestion, edema of all the layers and their diffuse infiltration with leukocytes. Specify the
form of acute appendicitis:
A. Flegmonous
B. Apostematous
C. Simple
D. Superficial
E. Gangrenous
23. Preventive examination of a 55-year-old patient revealed type II diabetes mellitus. An
endocrinologist revealed an increase in body weight and liver enlargement. The man is non-
smoker and doesn’t abuse alcohol but likes to have a good meal. Histological examination by
means of diagnostic liver puncture revealed that the hepatocytes were enlarged mostly on the
lobule periphery, their cytoplasm had transparent vacuoles showing positive reaction with sudan
III. What liver pathology was revealed?
A. Fatty hepatosis
B. Acute viral hepatitis
C. Chronic viral hepatitis
D. Alcohol hepatitis
E. Portal liver cirrhosis
24. During an abdominal surgery a 46-year-old patient working at a meat processing plant was
found to have a very dense roundish formation 11 cm in diameter which was localized in the
right lobe of the liver. The cross-section of the formation has a porous appearance due to a large
number of small vesicles with layers of dense connective tissue. The surrounding tissues have
visible necrotic areas and proliferation of granulation tissue including many eosinophils and
foreign body giant cells. What disease can be thought of in this case?
A. Echinococcus multilocularis
B. Malaria
C. Hepatitis
D. Hepatic rhabdomyosarcoma
E. Calculous cholecystitis
25. A 12-year-old patient suffering from acute leukemia presents with fever up to 39,8°С, acute
pain in the throat. Examination of the oral cavity has revealed swollen tonsils, their surface is
covered in deep lesions with uneven margins, numerous petechial hemorrhages in the pharyngeal
mucosa and around the tonsils. Determine the type of tonsillitis that complicates the disease
progress in this case:
A. Necrotic
B. Fibrinous
C. Lacunar
D. Purulent
E. Catarrhal
26. On histological examination of biopsy material taken from the liver of a women, who for a
long time had been suffering from viral hepatitis type B, the pathologist detected diffuse hepatic
fibrosis with formation of porto-portal and porto-central fibrotic septa and disturbance of the
liver lobular structure (development of pseudolobules). What process can be characterized by the
given morphological changes?
A. Hepatic cirrhosis
B. Cholestasis
C. Chronic hepatitis
D. Hepatocellular carcinoma
E. Acute hepatitis