Thermal

Energy
Storage
Why a Thermal Energy Storage system?
For cooling centralized installations on water loop A key technology for energy demand management
Without storage With storage Air-conditioning Industrial cooling Rescue facilities
Shaving the cooling production over 24 hours:
▪▪ reduction of the chiller capacity by 30 to 70%,
Reduction of the chiller capacity by 30 to 70%. ▪▪ operating the compressors in steady conditions,
▪▪ reliability of chillers and improved global output,
▪▪ reduction of refrigerant fluids,
Peak shaving of the cooling demand over 24 hours. ▪▪ TEWI* benefits from 15 to 40% (*TEWI: Total Equivalent Warming Impact).
Shaving the electrical demand (load management):
▪▪ reduces the electricity power of the cooling production by 30 to 70%,
To shift electricity consumption from peak hours to off-peak hours. ▪▪ promotes the most efficient power plants (base load),
▪▪ reduces the peaks on distribution networks and power plants,
▪▪ promotes the use of less carbonaceous kWh at night than during the day.
Reduction of the electricity power by 30 to 70% on the cooling production. Sustainability of long-term performance:
▪▪ simple technology with very long lifespan and without maintenance,
$
$
▪▪ monitoring and support of CRISTOPIA (Cristo'Control2 & services).
Reduction of the electricity costs and the operating costs.
CRISTOPIA is committed to renewable energy and sustainable development through:
▪▪ system compatible with smart grids,

€ € Making the electricity consumption profile more attractive for operators. ▪▪ possible coupling with renewable energy (eolian, photovoltaic).

CO2 CO2 Improving the environmental assessment.

A system approach with made-to measure support
▪▪ System engineering in terms of specific needs and customer constraints.
▪▪ Full system control which includes other energies optimizing technologies like free cooling or energy recovery for domestic
hot water.

Thermal Energy Storage, a simple and reliable technology for sustainable energy performance ▪▪ Functional analysis and hydraulic principle.
▪▪ Constructor commitment on the operating of the cooling production with a STL.
Histogram of a building's daily cooling needs and its electricity consumption profile
▪▪ Commissioning of the control and monitoring system and remote control follow-up of the installation.
Without storage With STL storage ▪▪ Training on control and monitoring system.
Discharge
▪▪ Operating optimization and readaptation of the strategy in case of needs evolution.
▪▪ Support during the entire storage system lifespan.
Direct production
Charge
Chiller
Storage

A key technology for a sustainable development approach to buildings

Energy optimization of the HVAC system LEED BREEAM HQE
Reduction of the installed and used electricity power thanks to an optimum use of chiller capacity. X X
Counting the energy used thanks to the monitoring system that controls and manages the production of X
cooling energy in the building.
Green energy used by the STL connected to the grid. X
Supervising the performance of the HVAC system and the thermal comfort of the building through the X X
CRISTOPIA: world leader in Thermal Energy Storage monitoring system.
Eco-friendly site LEED BREEAM HQE
▪▪ CIAT Group subsidiary, expert in heating, refrigeration and air-conditioning. Reduction of CO2 emissions. X X
▪▪ Headquarters and factory in France.
Reduction of primary energy consumption and associated pollution. X X
▪▪ Factory in Zhongshan, China (near Hong Kong).
▪▪ A proven technology since 1982: Reduction of the amount of refrigerants used. X X X
-- - thermal energy storage systems, HVAC system reliability and maintenance savings LEED BREEAM HQE
-- - control and monitoring systems.
▪▪ More than 3 000 customers worldwide. Durability and resistance of the materials used for the production of cooling energy with STL (tank and nodules, X X
use for more than 40 years).
▪▪ More than 6 000 000 kWh transferred daily.
▪▪ More than 500 MW electricity saved. Optimization of the design of the system for simplified up-keep and maintenance. X X X
▪▪ International Network thanks to exclusive partners. Optimization of the operation of the HVAC system that saves on operating costs. X X
The STL technology (Latent STorage)
Nodules inside... A technology which combines thermal performances and exceptional lifespan
The CRISTOPIA STL is a Thermal Energy Storage by Phase Change Material (PCM) encapsulation. The STL system is composed of
Steel tank Concrete tank
one or several tanks filled with spherical elements (called nodules) containing the PCM.
Manufacturing Classical steel tank manufacturing Civil engineering
The use of PCM in nodules provides very high energy density and power exchange.
Cylindrical Rectangular parallelepiped
Type / shape
Vertical, horizontal or buried Reservoir
Service pressure Pressurized or atmospherical Atmospherical
Advantages Custom made, factory manufacturing Big volumes, easy integration to the building
Cap Nodule characteristics :
Expansion pocket
▪▪ Material: blend of polyolefins,
Eutectic liquid (PCM) ▪▪ Chemical neutrality regarding PCM and heat transfer fluids,
▪▪ Thickness greater than 1 mm: no migration of the heat transfer fluid,
▪▪ Sphere obtained by blow moulding: no leaks,
Enveloppe in polyolefines ▪▪ Ultrasonic welding of the cap,
▪▪ Expansion reserve: reduced enveloppe stress,
▪▪ Lifespan equivalent to 30-40 years of use under normal conditions,
▪▪ Recyclable.

The Phase Change Materials (PCM)

CRISTOPIA has unique expertise on Phase Change Materials (PCM), resulting from over 30 years of R&D in partnership with
universities and technical centres in France and Europe.

We have worked on all types of PCM with solid liquid transition over a wide temperature range of -64°C to +140°C: inorganic
materials (hydrated salts) and organic materials (paraffins and fatty acids or Bio PCM).

Our expertise covers the PCM (formulation, nucleation, characterization, durability, recyclability, ...), packaging and encapsulation
of PCM, the enveloppe materials (material compatibility, ageing, ...), the industrial manufacturing processes and the engineering
of the system.

...a made-to-measure tank

Sizing and characteristics of the STL tanks are defined in terms
of the site and its capacity from 1 m3 to several thousands of
m3. The tank may be cylindrical or rectangular parallelepiped Manholes Diffuser
(concrete or steel).

The cylindrical tank may be installed inside, outside or

underground. CRISTOPIA STL storage offers a full range of
integration possibilities inside available spaces.

The filling of nodules in the tank is done through the manholes. Characteristics for a 1 m3 STL tank
The heat exchange between the nodules and the system is
ensured by the heat transfer fluid circulating in the tank. Two
distributors (upper and lower) distribute the heat transfer fluid Sensible heat
Toxicity
in the tank for optimum performance. Nodules type Phase change Latent heat Solid Liquid Nodules value Temperature
temperature QI Qss Qsl weight LD50 limit for use
°C kWh / m3 kWh / °C.m3 Kg mg / kg °C
AN.15 -15.4 46.4 0.70 1.12 602 8 400
-25°C
AN.12 -11.7 47.7 0.75 1.09 620 5 000
AN.10 -10.4 49.9 0.70 1.07 617 11 000
to
AN.06 -5.5 44.6 0.75 1.10 625 18 000
AN.03 -2.6 48.3 0.80 1.20 592 58 000 + 60°C
Vertical tank Horizontal tank Concrete tank AC.00 0 48.4 0.70 1.10 560 85 000
Operating principles
Hydraulic layouts Simplified functional analysis - Example of the parallel layout with variable flow

The choice of the hydraulic layout depends on the application, the operating conditions and the specific needs of each Charge only
customer. We assist the consulting engineers in adapting the hydraulic layout to each project, by integrating where necessary
complementary technologies such as free cooling or energy recovery. Overnight the chiller is used to store cooling energy in the
STL. The heat transfer fluid is cooled by the chiller to a
The hydraulic layouts presented below are simplified to explain general operating principles of installations with Thermal temperature below the phase change temperature of the
Energy Storage systems. PCM.

Circulating the heat transfer fluid through the tank causes

Applications for residential, commercial or industrial buildings with a difference of the crystallisation of the PCM contained in the nodules.
return / leaving temperature of less than 8°C The latent energy is stored at a constant temperature
during the liquid-solid transition.
The parallel layout with variable flow or parallel with a 3-way valve (3WV) are used for installations operating with less than 8°C
ΔT, i.e. in air conditioning systems with a 7/12°C regime.

The parallel layout with variable flow The parallel layout with a 3WV*

Direct production
When the cooling demand is lower than the installed chiller
capacity, the demand is satisfied by the chiller alone.

The chiller capacity is regulated according to the demand.

There is no flow through the STL.ne traverse le STL.

The STL variable flow pump adjusts the discharged The pumps have constant flow and the 3-way valve
capacity according to the cooling demand, in regulates the temperature to adjust the discharged
addition, or not, to the chiller. capacity according to the cooling demand, in
addition, or not, to the chiller.
*3-way valve

Discharge only
Applications with a temperature difference return / leaving of more than 8°C of the
The STL can be used alone during peak electrical tariff
type district cooling system or industrial process periods or for back-up applications (the chiller being off).

Downstream and upstream series layouts are used for installations operating with more than 8°C ΔT, for example in district The heat transfer fluid enters the STL at a temperature
cooling systems with a 4/14°C regime. higher than the PCM melting temperature and is cooled by
the nodules.
Downstream series layout Upstream series layout The leaving temperature is controlled by the 3-way valve to
match the system demand.

The chiller provides cooling first at a higher The STL provides cooling fisrt and the 3-way Direct production + discharge
temperature, which favors its performance. The STL valve regulates the temperature at the inlet of
When the system demand is higher than the installed chiller
cools the heat transfer fluid down to the setpoint. the chiller. The chiller provides cooling down to capacity, the cooling energy is provided by the combined
The 3-way valve regulates the leaving temperature a temperature sometimes lower than the phase efforts of the chiller and the STL.
to the network. change temperature of the STL.
The chiller works at full capacity and the STL provides the
short fall.
Control and monitoring system
Advantages of the Cristo'Control2 for your installation
The control and monitoring system optimises the operation of the installation. With over 30 years of experience in storage and
control systems for air-conditioning and industrial cooling, CRISTOPIA offers customized solutions dedicated to your needs.

The Cristo'Control2 helps contractors and owners to optimise energy consumption, to lower the CO2 and greenhouse gas
emissions and to reduce operating costs.

Main features of the Cristo'Control2

▪▪ Automatic management of the operating modes. The Auto-Adaptative management module
▪▪ Regulation of the thermal equipment: chiller or heat pump, dry coolers, valves,
pumps,... CRISTOPIA exclusivity.
Daily optimization using the energy stored in
▪▪ Management of the dry coolers in free cooling and the energy recovery on the STL promoting its discharge whatever the
chillers or heat pumps. conditions and the current season.
▪▪ Optimizing the use of the STL. Predictive calculation of the daily cooling
▪▪ Thermal and electrical measurements with temperature probes, sensors, flow demand based on the elements of the
Cristo'Control2 records.
and consumption meters.
Permanent adaptation of the installation in
▪▪ Reporting of alarms, defaults, state of equipment and operating parameters by conformity with the cooling demand in order
SMS, email and to the BMS ( by Modbus or other protocol in option such as LON, to maximize the use of the STL energy.
BACnet,...).
▪▪ Local installation monitoring with touch screen and remote monitoring thanks to its communication features (ADSL, WAN, 3G).

Cristo'Control2: control and monitoring of the full system

Events

Curves

Synoptic

Service contract: support, follow-up, monitoring and energy report

Premium service contract:
▪▪ Spare part warranty: during the contract period,
▪▪ Hotline: support and customized follow-up,
▪▪ Support: analysis and advice on the installation management,
▪▪ Maintenance support: anticipation and analysis of your maintenance needs,
▪▪ Monitoring: full verification of the equipment and the energy expenditure.

A team of expert engineers advise and support you daily. Thanks to regular monitoring and follow-up you can optimize the
operation of your cooling installation with a STL Thermal Energy Storage system. We also offer additional services (training, on-
site interventions, evolution of your installation). If you want to know more about our services please contact us.
 STL - AC.00 -2 626 m3
Engineering: a custom made support

STL - AC.00 - 68 m3
STL - AN.03 -28 m3
Project design
Analysis, understanding and synthesis of customer needs.
Assistance in project design: 1
Edena - Reunion Island Los Angeles jail - United States Techn'Hom Alstom Belfort - France
▪▪ sizing,
▪▪ financial and energy assessment, Kuala Lumpur City Center - Malaysia Mauritius Commercial Bank - Mauritius
▪▪ realization of hydraulic layout for each application,
▪▪ functional analysis of the control system (Cristo’Control2),

STL - AC.00 - 64 m3
▪▪ project by project optimisation,
▪▪ eco-environmental improvement (energy savings and CO2 reduction, TEWI).

STL - AC.00 - 3 000 m3

STL - AC.00 - 96 m3
Implementation
Support from time of delivery until STL and equipment devices implementation.
Full support to guide and advise you during the various stages of the installation of the STL. 2
Advice and technical validation of the complementary components.
Charleroi airport - Belgium

Alpes-Léman hospital - France

STL - AC.00 - 1 100 m3

STL - AC.00 - 112 m3
Commissioning
Commissioning is ensured on site by our engineers. The main steps are:
▪▪ verification of the equipment connection to the Cristo'Control2, 3 Rimini exhibition centre - Italy
▪▪ Cristo'Control2 configuration,
▪▪ the start-up and tuning of the installation, Kempinski hotel - China
▪▪ linking the Cristo'Control2 to the www.cristocontrol.com monitoring Website,

STL - AC.00 - 683 m3

▪▪ the report to the BMS,

STL - AC.00 - 54 m3

STL - AC.00 - 15 m3
ON
▪▪ training on the use of the Cristo'Control2.

Nichol Grove Business Center - South Africa Yvan-Cournoyer rink - Canada

Operation: monitoring and services
The remote operation control of the installation monitored by the Cristo'Control2 allows: European Courts - Luxembourg Immochan Volgograd - Russia

▪▪ the transfer of alarms, defaults, equipment states and operating parameters to the BMS 4
and remote monitoring (mail, SMS,...) thanks to its communication features (ADSL, WAN
or 3G),

STL - AC.00 - 550 m3

STL - AC.00 - 60 m3
▪▪ a real-time monitoring with synoptic, events, curves and operation reports,
▪▪ control and optimization of the performances,
▪▪ hotline support for management of the installation,
▪▪ the opportunity to take advantage of custom made services.
 [email protected]
A CIAT Group Company

www.cristopia.com / www.cristocontrol.com

Phone: +33 (0)4 93 58 40 00 - Fax: +33 (0)4 93 24 29 38

78 chemin du Moulin de la Clue - 06140 Vence - France
This document is purely for commercial use and is in no way contractual. CRISTOPIA's Policy is to
constantly seek to improve our products and we therefore hereby reserve the right to modifiy at any time
and without prior notice any technical, functional or aesthetic features of our products and services.