Unit-Dimensions & Basic Maths PDF
Unit-Dimensions & Basic Maths PDF
Unit-Dimensions & Basic Maths PDF
&
BASIC MATHEMATICS
THEORY AND EXERCISE BOOKLET
CONTENTS
♦ EXERCISE - I ......................................................................... 24 – 34
♦ EXERCISE - II ........................................................................ 35 – 36
394 - Rajeev Gandhi Nagar Kota, Ph. No. 0744-2209671, 93141-87482, 93527-21564
www. motioniitjee.com , [email protected]
1. PHYSICAL QUANTITY
The quantites which can be measured by an instrument and by means of which we can describe the
laws of physics are called physical quantities.
Types of physical quantities :
1.1 Fundamental
Although the number of physical quantities that we measure is very large, we need only a limited
number of units for expressing all the physical quantities since they are interrelated with one another.
So, certain physical quantities have been chosen arbitrarily and their units are used for expressing all
the physical quantities, such quantities are known as Fundamental, Absolute or Base Quantities
(such as length, time and mass in mechanics)
(i) All other quantites may be expressed in terms of fundamental quantities.
(ii) They are independent of each other and cannot be obtained from one another.
An international body named General Conference on Weights and Measures chose seven physical
quantities as fundamental :
(1) length (2) mass (3) time (4) electric current,
(5) thermodynamic temperature (6) amount of substance
(7) luminous intensity.
Note : These are also called as absolute or base quantities.
In mechanics, we treat length, mass and time as the three basic or fundamental quantities.
1.2 Derived : Physical quantities which can be expressed as combination of base quantities are called as
derived quantities.
For example : Speed, velocity, acceleration, force, momentum, pressure, energy etc.
2. MAGNITUDE :
Magnitude of physical quantity = (numerical value) × (unit)
Magnitude of a physical quantity is always constant. It is independent of the type of unit.
1
⇒ numerical value ∝
unit
or n1u1 = n2u2 = constant
Ex.2 Length of a metal rod bar is unchanged whether it is measured as 2 metre or 200 cm.
Observe the change in the Numerical value (from 2 to 200) as unit is changed from metre to
cm.
3. UNIT :
Measurement of any physical quantity is expressed in terms of an internationally accepted certain
basic reference standard called unit.
The units for the fundamental or base quantities are called fundamental or base unit. Other physical
quantities are expressed as combination of these base units and hence, called derived units.
A complete set of units, both fundamental and derived is called a system of unit.
System
Physica l
Qua ntity CGS MKS FPS
(Ga ussia n) (SI) (British)
Length centimeter meter foot
1 2
(vii) Candela : It is luminous intensity in a perpendicular direction of a surface of m of a
600000
black body at the temperature of freezing point under a pressure of 1.013 × 105 N/m2.
(viii) Radian : It is the plane angle between two radiia of a circle which cut-off on the circumference,
an arc equal in length to the radius.
(ix) Steradian : The steradian is the solid angle which having its vertex at the centre of the sphere,
cut-off an area of the surface of sphere equal to that of a square with sides of length equal to the
radius of the sphere.
4. S I PREFIXES
The magnitudes of physical quantities vary order a wide range. The CGPM recommended standard
prefixes for magnitude too large or too small to be expressed more compactly for certain power of 10.
5. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR USING SYMBOLS FOR SI UNITS, SOME OTHER UNITS, SOME
OTHER UNITS, AND SI PREFIXES
(a) Symbols for units of physical quantities are printed/written in Roman (upright type), and not in
italics
For example : 1 N is correct but 1 N is incorrect
(b) (i) Unit is never written with capital initial letter even if it is named after a scientist.
For example : SI unit of force is newton (correct) Newton (incorrect)
(ii) For a unit named after a scientist, the symbol is a capital letter.
But for other units, the symbol is NOT a capital letter.
For example :
force → newton (N)
energy → joule (J)
electric current → ampere (A)
temperature → kelvin (K)
frequency → hertz (Hz)
For example :
length → meter (m)
mass → kilogram (kg)
luminous intensity → candela (cd)
time → second (s)
Note : The single exception is L, for the unit litre.
(c) Symbols for units do not contain any final full stop all the end of recommended letter and remain
unaltered in the plural, using only singular form of the unit.
For example :
(d) Use of solidus ( / ) is recommended only for indicating a division of one letter unit symbol by another unit
symbol. Not more than one solidus is used.
For example :
Correct Incorrect
2
m/s m/s/s
2
N s/m N s / m/ m
J/K mol J / K / mol
kg/m s kg / m / s
(e) Prefix symbols are printed in roman (upright) type without spacing between the prefix symbol and the
unit symbol. Thus certain approved prefixes written very close to the unit symbol are used to indicate
decimal fractions or multiples of a SI unit, when it is inconveniently small or large.
For example
megawatt 1 MW = 106 W
centimetre 1 cm = 10–2 m
kilometre 1 km = 103 m
millivolt 1 mV = 10–3 V
kilowatt-hour 1 kW h = 103 W h = 3.6 M J = 3.6 × 106 J
microampere 1 µ A = 1 0 –6 A
angstrom 1 Å = 0 .1nm = = 1 0
– 10
m
–9
nanosecond 1 ns = 10 s
picofarad 1 pF = 10–12 F
microsecond 1 µs = 1 0 – 6 s
The unit 'fermi', equal to a femtometre or 10–15 m has been used as the convenient length unit in
nuclear studies.
(f) When a prefix is placed before the symbol of a unit, the combination of prefix and symbol is considered
as a new symbol, for the unit, which can be raised to a positive or negative power without using
brackets. These can be combined with other unit symbols to form compound unit.
For example :
(g) A prefix is never used alone. It is always attached to a unit symbol and written or fixed before the unit
symbol.
For example :
103/m3 = 1000/m3 or 1000 m–3, but not k/m3 or k m–3.
(h) Prefix symbol is written very close to the unit symbol without spacing between them, while unit symbols
are written separately with spacing with units are multiplied together.
For example :
(j) The use of a combination of unit and the symbols for unit is avoided when the physical quantity is
expressed by combining two or more units.
6. DIMENSIONS
Dimensions of a physical quantity are the power to which the fundamental quantities must be raised to
represent the given physical quantity.
mass mass
For example, density = =
volume (length )3
or density = (mass) (length)–3 ...(i)
Thus, the dimensions of density are 1 in mass and –3 in length. The dimensions of all other fundamental
quantities are zero.
For convenience, the fundamental quantities are represented by one letter symbols. Generally mass is
denoted by M, length by L, time by T and electric current by A.
The thermodynamic temperature, the amount of substance and the luminous intensity are denoted by
the symbols of their units K, mol and cd respectively. The physical quantity that is expressed in terms
of the base quantities is enclosed in square brackets.
[sinθ] = [cosθ] = [tanθ] = [ex] = [M0L0T0]
7. DIMENSIONAL FORMULA
It is an expression which shows how and which of the fundalmental units are required to represent the
unit of physical quantity.
Different quantities with units. symbol and dimensional formula.
1
Energy KE or U K.E. = mv 2 Joule or J ML2T–2
2
P.E. = mgh
W
Power P P= watt or W ML2T–3
t
Density d d = mass/volume kg/m3 ML–3T0
Pressure P P = F/A Pascal or Pa ML–1T–2
Torque τ τ=r×F N.m. ML2T–2
arc
Angular displacement θ θ= radian or rad M0L0T0
radius
θ
Angular velocity ω ω= rad/sec M0L0T–1
t
∆ω
Angular acceleration α α= rad/sec2 M0L0T–2
∆t
Moment of Inertia I I = mr2 kg-m2 ML2T0
1
Frequency v or f f= hertz or Hz M0L0T–1
T
Stress - F/A N/m2 ML–1T–2
∆ ∆A ∆V
Strain - ; ; - M0L0T0
A V
F/A
Youngs modulus Y Y= N/m2 ML–1T–2
∆ /
(Bulk modulus of rigidity)
F W N J
Surface tension T or ; ML0T–2
A m m2
Force constant (spring) k F = kx N/m ML0T–2
dv
Coefficient of viscosity η F = η A kg/ms(poise in C.G.S.) ML–1T–1
dx
Gm1 m 2 N − m2
Gravitation constant G F= M–1L3T–2
r2 kg 2
PE J
Gravitational potential Vg Vg = M0L2T–2
m kg
Temperature θ - Kelvin or K M0L0T0θ+1
Heat Q Q = m × S × ∆t Joule or Calorie ML2T–2
Joule
Specific heat S Q = m × S × ∆t kg .Kelvin M0L2T–2θ–1
Joule
Latent heat L Q = mL kg M0L2T–2
KA( θ1 − θ2 )t Joule
Coefficient of thermal K Q= MLT–3θ–1
d m sec K
conductivity
Joule
Universal gas constant R PV = nRT ML2T–2θ–1
mol.K
Mechanical equivalent J W = JH - M0L0T0
of heat
Q
Charge Q or q I= Coulomb or C M0L0TA
t
Current I - Ampere or A M0L0T0A
1 q1q2 (coul.)2 C2
Electric permittivity ε0 ε0 = . or M–1L–3T4A2
4πF r 2 N.m 2 N − m2
∆W
Electric potential V V= Joule/coul ML2T–3A–1
q
F
Intensity of electric field E E= N/coul. MLT–3A–1
q
Capacitance C Q = CV Farad M–1L–2T4A2
ε
Dielectric constant εr εr = - M0L0T0
ε0
or relative permittivity
Resistance R V = IR Ohm ML2T–3A–2
1
Conductance S S= Mho M–1L–2T–3A2
R
RA
Specific resistance ρ ρ= Ohm × meter ML3T–3A–2
or resistivity
1
Conductivity or s σ= Mho/meter M–1L–3T3A2
ρ
specific conductance
Magnetic induction B F = qvBsinθ Tesla or weber/m2 MT–2A–1
or F = BIL
dφ
Magnetic flux φ e= Weber ML2T–2A–1
dt
Magnetic intensity H B=µH A/m M0L–1T0A
µ 0 Idl sin θ N
Magnetic permeability µ0 B= MLT–2A–2
4π r 2 amp 2
of free space or medium
dI
Coefficient of self or L e = L. Henery ML2T–2A–2
dt
Mutual inductance
Electric dipole moment p p = q × 2 C.m. M0LTA
Magnetic dipole moment M M = NIA amp.m2 M0L2AT0
8. USE OF DIMENSIONS
Ex.4 The value of gravitation constant is G = 6.67 × 10–11 Nm2/kg2 in SI units. Convert it into CGS
system of units.
Sol. The dimensional formula of G is [M–1 L3 T–2].
Using equation number (i), i.e.,
n1[M1–1 L31 T1–2 ] = n 2 [M2–1 L32 T2–2 ]
–1 3 –2
M L T
n 2 = n1 1 1 1
M2 L 2 T2
Here, n1 = 6.67 × 10–11
M1 = 1 kg, M2 = 1 g = 10–3 kg L1 = 1 m, L2 = 1cm = 10–2 m, T1 = T2 = 1s
Substituting in the above equation, we get
–1 3 –2
1kg 1m 1s
n2 = 6.67 × 10 –11 –3 – 2
10 kg 10 m 1s
or n2 = 6.67 × 10–8
Thus, value of G in CGS system of units is 6.67 × 10–8 dyne cm2/g2.
8.2 To check the dimensional correctness of a given physical equation :
Every physical equation should be dimensionally balanced. This is called the 'Principle of Homogeneity'.
The dimensions of each term on both sides of an equation must be the same. On this basis we can
judge whether a given equation is correct or not. But a dimensionally correct equation may or may not
be physically correct.
Ex.5 Show that the expression of the time period T of a simple pendulum of length l given by T =
l
2π is dimensionally correct.
g
l
Sol. T = 2π
g
[L]
Dimensionally [T ] = = [T ]
[LT – 2 ]
As in the above equation, the dimensions of both sides are same. The given formula is dimensionally
correct.
c
Ex.6 The velocity v of a particle depends upon the time t according to the equation v = a + bt + .
d+ t
Write the dimensions of a, b, c and d.
Sol. From principle of homogeneity
[a] = [v]
or [a] = [LT–1] Ans.
[bt] = [v]
[v ] [LT –1]
or [b] = =
[ t] [T ]
or [b] = [LT–2]
Similarly, [d] = [t] = [T] Ans.
[c ]
Further, = [v ]
[d + t ]
or [c] = [v] [d + t]
or [c] = [LT–1] [T]
or [c] = [L] Ans.
f ∝ [F]a [l ]b [µ]c
or f = k [F]a [l ]b [µ]c
Here, k is a dimensionless constant. Thus,
[f ] = [F]0 [l]b [µ]c
or [M0 L0 T–1] = [MLT–2]a [L]b [ML–1]c
or [M0L0T–1] = [Ma + c La + b – c T–2a]
For dimensional balance, the dimension on both sides should be same.
Thus, a+c=0 ...(ii)
a+b–c=0 ...(iii)
and – 2a = – 1 ...(iv)
1 1
a= , c=– and b = – 1
2 2
Substituting these values in Eq. (i), we get
k F
or f =
l µ
1
Experimentally, the value of k is found to be
2
1 F
Hence, f =
2l µ
BASIC MATHEMATICS
9. MENSURATION FORMULAS :
r : radius ; d = diameter ;
V = Volume S.A = surface area
(a) Circle
1 2
Perameter : 2πr = πd, Area : πr2 = πd
4
(b) Sphere
4 3 1
Surface area = 4πr2 = πd2 , Volume = πr = πd3
3 6
(c) Spherical Shell (Hollow sphere)
Surface area = 4πr2 = πd2
Volume of material used = (4πr2)(dr), dr = thickness
(d) Cylinder
Lateral area = 2πrh
V = πr2h
Total area = 2πrh + 2πr2 = 2πr (h + r)
(e) Cone
Lateral area = πr r 2 + h2 h = height
2 2 1 2
Total area = π r r + h + r V = πr h
3
(f) Ellipse
a2 + b2
Circumference ≈ 2π
2
b
area = πab
a = semi major axis a
(g) Parallelogram a
h
A = bh = ab sin θ θ
a = side ; h = height ; b = base b
θ = angle between sides a and b b
(h) Trapezoid
h
h
area = (a + b)
2 a
a and b parallel sides
(i) Triangle h = height
bh ab
area = = sin γ = s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c ) α
2 2 c
b
a, b, c sides are opposite to angles α, β , γ
b = base ; h = height γ β
a
1
s= (a + b + c )
2
10. LOGARITHMS :
π π
1 degree = (≈ 0.02) radian Degrees to radians : multiply by
180° 180°
180°
1 radian ≈ 57 degrees Radians to degrees : multiply by
π
π π
Ex.15 Covert 45° to radians : 45 • = rad
180 4
π π 180
Convert rad to degrees : • = 30°
6 6 π
Ex.16 Convert 30º to radians :
π π
Sol. 30 º× = rad
180 º 6
π
Ex.17 Convert rad to degrees.
3
π 180
Sol. × = 60
3 π
Standard values
π π π
(1) 30° = rad (2) 45° = rad (3) 60° = rad
6 4 3
π 2π 3π
(4) 90° = rad (5) 120° = rad (6) 135° = rad
2 3 4
5π
(7) 150° = rad (8) 180° = π rad (9) 360° = 2π rad
6
(Check these values yourself to see that the satisfy the conversion formulaes)
x
Positive Negative
measure Measure
x
An angle in the xy-plane is said to be in standard position if its vertex lies at the origin and its initial ray
lies along the positive x-axis (Fig). Angles measured counterclockwise from the positive x-axis are
assigned positive measures; angles measured clockwise are assigned negative measures.
y y y y
5π
–
2
x x x x
3π 3π
9π –
4
4
P(x,y)
se
nu
r
te
oppsite
y
po
hy
side
θ x
O adjacent side
P(x,y)
opp y hyp r
Sine : sin θ = = Cosecant : cos ecθ = opp = y
hyp r
adj x hyp r
Cosine: cos θ = = Secant : sec θ = =
hyp r adj x
opp y adj x
Tangent: tan θ = adj = x Cotangent: cot θ = opp = y
If the circle in (Fig. above) has radius r = 1, the equations defining sin θ and cos θ become
cosθ = x, sinθ = y
We can then calculate the values of the cosine and sine directly from the coordinates of P.
Ex.18 Find the six trigonometric ratios from given fig. (see above)
5
opp 4 adj 3 4
Sol. sinθ = hyp = 5 cosθ = hyp = 5
θ
opp 4 adj 3 3
tanθ = adj = 3 cot θ = =
opp 4
hyp 5 hyp 5
sec θ = = cosec θ = =
opp 3 opp 4
Ex.19 Find the sine and cosine of angle θ shown in the unit circle if coordinate of point p are as shown.
y
– 1, 3
2 2
3
2
1 θ
Sol. 1 x
2
1 3
cos θ = x-coordinate of P = – sin θ = y-coordinate of P =
2 2
12. Values of sin θ, cos θ and tan θ for some standard angles.
A useful rule for remembering when the basic trigonometric funcions are positive and negative is the
CAST rule. If you are not very enthusiastic about CAST. You can remember it as ASTC (After school to
college)
y
nd nd
II Quadrant I Quadrant
S A
sin positive all positive
T C
Tan positive cos positive
π
(b) If angle = ( 2n + 1) + θ where n is in interger. Then
2
π
trigonometric function of ( 2n + 1) ± θ = complimentry trignometric function of θ and
2
sign will be decided by CAST Rule.
Ex.20 Evaluate sin 120°
3
Sol. sin 120° = sin (90° + 30°) = cos 30° =
2
3
Aliter sin 120° = sin (180° – 60°) = sin 60° =
2
Ex.21 Evaluate cos 210°
3
Sol. cos 210° = cos (180° + 30°) = – cos 30° = –
2
1
Ex.22 tan 210° = tan (180° + 30°) = tan 30° = +
3
4 3
90°
Ex.23 37° 53°
x
Find x :
sin 90° sin 53°
. =
x 4
S o l
x= 5
It is a useful simplification which is only approximately true for finite angles. It involves linerarization of
the trigonometric functions so that, when the angle θ is measured in radians.
sin θ ~ θ
θ2
cosθ ~ 1 or cos θ ~ 1 – for the second - order approximation
2
tan θ ~ θ
Geometric justification
tan Object
tan
arc arc
D
θ θ
d
Small angle approximation. The value of the small angle X in radians is
approximately equal to its tangent.
• When one angle of a right triangle is small, is hypotenuse in approximately equal in length to the leg
adjacent
to the small angle, so the cosine is approximately 1.
• The short leg is approximately equal to the arc from the long leg to the hypotenuse, so the sine and
tangent are
both approximated by the value of the angle in radians.
n(n – 1)x 2
(1 ± x)n = 1 ± nx + ...........
2!
n(n + 1) 2
(1 ± x)–n = 1 ∓ nx + x .........
2!
If x << 1 ; then
(1 ± x)n = 1 ± nx (neglecting higher terms)
(1 ± x)–n = 1 ± (–n)x = 1 ∓ nx
(1 + x)2 = 1 + 2x+ x2
(1 + x)3 = 1 + 3x + x3 – 3x2
(1 + x)n = 1 + nx ..............
if x << 1
Note : (1) When n is a positive integer, then expansion will have (n + 1) terms
(2) When n is a negative integer, expansion will have infinite terms.
(3) When n is a fraction expansion will have infinite terms.
1
Sol. We can write 1001 as : 1001 = 1000 1 + , so that we have
e
1000
1/ 3 1/ 3
1/ 3 1 1
(1001) = 10001 + = 10 1 +
1000 1000
1
= 10(1 + 0.001)1/ 3 = 10(1 + × 0.001)
3
= 10.003333
12 2 60 3
= 1 − 3x + x − x + .......
2 3×2
= 1 − 3 x + 6 x 2 − 10 x 3 + .......
16. GRAPHS :
Following graphs and their corresponding equations are frequently used in Physics.
(i) y = mx, represents a straight line passing through origin. Here, m = tan θ is also called the slope of
line, where θ is the angle which the line makes with positive x-axis, when drawn in anticlockwise
direction from the positive x-axis towards the line.
y y
θ θ
x x
(i) (ii)
The two possible cases are shown in figure 1.1 (i) θ < 90°. Therefore, tan θ or slope of line is positive.
In fig. 1.1 (ii), 90° < θ < 180°. Therefore, tan θ or slope of line is negative.
1
Note : That y = mx of y ∝ x also means that value of y becomes 2 time if x is doubled. Or it becomes th if x
4
x
becomes , and c the intercept on y-axis.
4
y y
c=+ve c=+ve θ θ
θ x x
x
c=–ve
Ex.26 v = u + at
t
.
Ex.27 P = mv
p
O v
(0,0)
(iii) x = c will be a line perpendicular to y axis
(c,0)
(0,0)
(ii) Parabola
A general quadratic equation represents a parabola.
y = ax2 + bx + c a≠0
if a > 0 ; It will be a opening upwards parabola.
if a < 0 ; It will be a opening downwards parabola.
if c = 0 ; It will pass through origin.
y ∝ x2 or y = 2x2, etc. represents a parabola passing through origin as shown in figure shown.
y y
x ∝ y2
y ∝ x2
x x
2
k = 1/2mv
(i) (ii)
1
e.g. y = 4 x2 + 3x e.g. k= mv2
2
y=4x2+3x
v
2
y=–4x +3x
Note : That in the parabola y = 2x2 or y ∝ x2, if x is doubled, y will beome four times.
Graph x ∝ y2 or x = 4 y2 is again a parabola passing through origin as shown in figure shown. In this cae
if y is doubled, x will become four times.
y = x2 + 4 or x = y2 – 6 will represent a parabola but not passing through origin. In the first equation
(y = x2 + 4), if x doubled, y will not become four times.
B C Q R
As example, ABC, PQR are two triangle as shown in figure.
If they are similar triangle then
(1) ∠A=∠P
∠B=∠Q
∠C=∠R
OR
AB BC AC
(2) = =
PQ QR PR
A
P
5
3
Ex.30 O
B Q x
6
Find x :
Sol. By similar triangle concept
AB OB
=
PQ OQ
5 6 18
= ⇒ x=
3 x 5
4. PARSEC is a unit of
(A) Time (B) Angle
(C) Distance (D) Velocity 8. The SI unit of the universal gas constant R is :
Sol. (A) erg K–1 mol–1 (B) watt K–1 mol–1
–1
(C) newton K mol –1
(D) joule K–1 mol–1
Sol.
9. The unit of impulse is the same as that of : 13. One watt-hour is equivalent to
(A) moment force (A) 6.3 × 103 Joule (B) 6.3 × 10–7 Joule
(B) linear momentum (C) 3.6 × 103 Joule (D) 3.6 × 10–3 Joule
(C) rate of change of linear momentum Sol.
(D) force
Sol.
10. Which of the following is not the unit of energy? SECTION : B DIMENSIONS
(A) watt-hour (B) electron-volt 14. What are the dimensions of lenth in force ×
(C) N × m (D) kg × m/sec2 displacement/time
Sol. (A) –2 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) none of these
Sol.
12. If the unit of length is micrometer and the unit of 16. A dimensionless quantity :
time is microsecond, the unit of velcoity will be : (A) never has a unit (B) always has a unit
(A) 100 m/s (B) 10 m/s (C) may have a unit (D) does not exit
(C) micrometers (D) m/s Sol.
Sol.
0 0 0 0 1 –1
(C) M L T , M L T (D) M0L1T–1, M0L0T0
Sol.
26. The position of a particle at time 't' is given by
the relation
V0
x(t) = [1 – e – αt ]
α
where V0 is a constant and α > 0. The dimensions of
V0 and α are respectively.
(A) M0L1T0 and T–1 (B) M0L1T0 and T–2
(C) M0L1T–1 and T–1 (D) M0L1T–1 and T–2
Sol.
29. The Van der Waal equation for 1 mole of a real gas
is
a
P + 2 ( V – b) = RT
V
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, T is the 33. Which pair of following quantities has dimensions
absolute temperature, R is the molar gas constant different from each other.
and a, b are Van dar Waal constants. The dimensions (A) Impulse and linear momentum
of a are the same as those of (B) Plank's constant and angular momentum
(A) PV (B) PV2 (C) P2V (D) P/V (C) Moment of inertia and moment of force
Sol. (D) Young's modulus and pressure
Sol.
30. In above question 29, the dimensions of b are the 34. A pair of physical quantities having the same
same as those of dimensional formula is :
(A) P (B) V (C) PV (D) nRT (A) angular momentum and torque
Sol. (B) torque and energy
(C) force and power
(D) power and angular momentum
Sol.
45. If area (A) velocity (v) and density (ρ) are base
units, then the dimensional formula of force can be
represented as
(A) Avρ (B) Av2ρ (C) Avρ2 (D) A2vρ
Sol. 49. ρ = 2 g/cm3 convert it into MKS system -
kg kg
(A) 2 × 10–3 3 (B) 2 × 103 3
m m
kg kg
(C) 4 × 103 3 (D) 2 × 106 3
m m
Sol.
F Sol.
50. α = sin(βt) (here V = velocity, F = force, t =
V2
time) : Find the dimension of α and β -
(A) α = [M1L1T0], β = [T–1]
(B) α = [M1L1T–1], β = [T1]
(C) α = [M1L1T–1], β = [T–1]
(D) α = [M1L–1T0], β = [T–1]
Sol.
EJ2
then has the dimensions of 55. If the unit of force is 1 kilonewton, the length is 1
M5 G2 km and time is 100 second, what will be the unit of
(A) length (B) angle (C) mass (D) time mass :
Sol. (A) 1000 kg (B) 10 kg
(C) 10000 kg (D) 100 kg
Sol.
56. A body moving through air at a high speed 'v' 59. The value of G = 6.67 × 10–11 N m2 (kg)–2. Its
experiences a retarding force 'F' given by F = K A d vx numerical value in CGS system will be :
where 'A' is the surface area of the body, 'd' is the (A) 6.67 × 10–8 (B) 6.67 × 10–6
density of air and 'K' is a numerical constant. The value (C) 6.67 (D) 6.67 × 10–5
of 'x' is : Sol.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Sol.
68. Binomial
(a) (99)1/2 (b) (120)1/2 (c) (126)1/3
Sol.
4
x 2
h
1.8°
1m
Sol.
Exercise - II
1*. Which of the following is not the unit length : 4. The equation of state for a real gas at high
(A) micron (B) light year nRT a
(C) angstrom (D) radian temperature is given by P = − 1/ 2 where
V − b T V( V + b)
Sol.
n, P V & T are number of moles, pressure, volume &
temperature respectively & R is the universal gas
constant. Find the dimensions of constant ‘a’ in the
above equation.
Sol.
θ D
rm
α αz
8*. Pressure depends on distance as, P = exp – ,
β kβ
where α, β are constants, z is distance, k is Boltzmann's
constant and θ is temperature. The dimension of β are
[JEE-2004s '3/84]
(A) M0 L0 T0 (B) M–1 L–1 T–1
(C) M0 L2 T0 (D) M–1 L1 T2
Sol.
1
6*. The dimensions of ε0 E2 (ε0 : permittivity of
2
free space, E : electric field) is :
[JEE Sc 2000' 2/200]
(A) MLT–1 (B) ML2T–2 (C) ML–1T–2 (D) ML2T–1
Sol.
∆V
7*. A quantity X is given by ε0L . where ε0 is the
∆t
permittivity of free space, L is length, ∆V is potential
difference and ∆t is time interval. The dimensional
formula for X is the same as that of
[JEE Sc.2000'3/105]
(A) resistance (B) charge
(C) voltage (D) current
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. B 8. D
9. B 10. D 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. C 15. C 16. C
17. A 18. C 19. C 20. ABC 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. D
25. C 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. D
33. C 34. B 35. D 36. D 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. A
41. D 42. D 43. C 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. A 48. C
49. Β 50. D 51. D 52. B 53. CD 54. B 55. C 56. B
57. B 58. ABD 59. A 60. A 61. D 62. D 63. C 64. D
65. C
1 1 148 π
66. , 67. 68. (a) 9.9498 (b) 10.954 (c) 5.0132 69. π cm
16 4 3
v v
v0 x x
–3
8 3
71. x= ,y=
3 2
m Gm
1. D 2. L–1, ML2T–2 3. T = a 4. ML5T–2K1/2 5. ω = K
k r3
Gm
6. [M] = [h1/2.c1/2.G–1/2] ; [L] = [h1/2.c–3/2.G1/2] ; [T] = [h1/2.c–5/2.G1/2] 7. v0 = k
R
8. B 9. (a) 9.95, (b) 0.99 10. 0.14, 0.09