Somenath Ghosh
Somenath Ghosh
Somenath Ghosh
Presented By :
Sekhar Basu Roy Chaudhuari
On 19 th. January, 2013.
SHIELDING GAS
WORK PIECE
WATER COOLER
CONSTANT CURRENT POWER SUPPLY (OPTIONAL)
Power Source Characteristics
Power Sources of Constant Current type having
drooping characteristics are used for
- MMAW process
- GTAW process
- Plasma processes
_
1/16” 1/4” 3/32”
Oxide Layer
Arc
GMAW
Electrode DC +ve for all materials
Development of Power sources
Some, more sophisticated, power sources allow the welding
current to start at a low level and build-up and also allow
the current to decay slowly when welding ceases. This
'slope-up' and 'slope-down' facility prevents burn through
on thin material and allows crater filling to take place.
It
t
Pulsed TIG welding modes
Pulse welding can be divided to three different classes, according to
frequency:
+ • Square wave
0 – Traditional or inverter power source
- t – High noise, good oxide cleaning
– AC frequency adjustable
HELIUM
Increases penetration and heat
Increases welding speed
Tungsten Electrodes
2% Thoriated for DC
welding of MS, SS, Cu &
Ni alloys - Red Tip
Pure tungsten for AC
welding of Aluminium,
Magnesium – Green Tip
Electrode Identification
Tungsten electrodes are identified in some countries by coloured rings or the
ends being painted according to their alloy content. These colour codes are
often country specific.
Tungsten Electrode Compositions and Colour Code as per European
Standard EN 26848, 1991
For AC operation the tip of the electrode should be rounded off and
not pointed. This is because when using AC the tungsten tends to
form a ball on the end of the electrode rather than keeping a point.
Tungsten Inclusions
Touching a tungsten electrode into a molten weld pool
will often result in some tungsten being melted off and
taken into the weld metal. Similarly, if the tip of a
tungsten electrode for AC operation is ground to a point,
this will be removed on initiation of the AC arc and end
up in the weld metal.
The resultant tungsten inclusions will be classified as a
defect and will have to be ground out and the weld
repaired.
Welders should be careful not to allow the electrodes to
come into contact with the weld pool and to ensure all
tungsten electrodes are correctly ground and prepared
for welding.
AWS Specifications for Filler Metals
Suitable for GTAW
Specification
No.
A 5.2 Iron and Steel gas welding rods.
A 5.7 Copper and Copper alloy bare welding rods and electrodes
A 5.9 Corrosion resistant Chromium-Nickel steel bars and
composite metal cored and standard arc welding electrodes
and welding rods
A 5.10 Aluminium and Aluminium alloy welding rods and bare
electrodes
A 5.13 Surfacing welding rods and electrodes
A 5.14 Nickel and nickel alloy bare welding rods and electrodes
A 5.16 Titanium and titanium alloy bare welding rods and electrodes
A 5.18 Mild steel electrodes for Gas Metal Arc Welding
A 5.19 Magnesium alloy welding rods and bare electrodes
A 5.24 Zirconium and Zirconium alloy bare welding rods and
electrodes
Recommended Current Ranges for Tungsten Electrodes
DIAMETER l / min A
l Function of DC Suppressor
n Additional accessory to remove unwanted DC from output
- provides only AC output for welding
l Why DC Suppressor?
n In the positive half cycle, the oxide layer formed on the
surface of the job behaves as a PN junction diode in the
reverse bias and does not conduct current
n A DC suppressor removes the DC component and
facilitates AC output free from unwanted DC
Electrode stick-out and arc length
in DC (-)ve welding
3 - 5 mm
1 - 5 mm