Ep-01 Sinhala
Ep-01 Sinhala
Ep-01 Sinhala
pqïnl fCIa;%
pqïnlhl fyda pqïnl øjHhl pqïnl n,mEï me;sr mj;sk m%foaYhla" pqïnl fCIa;%hla f,i ye¢kafõ'
pqïnl n,f¾Ld
pqïnl fCIa;%hl ksoyia lrk ,o ,laISh W;a;r O%ejhla .uka lsÍug fm<fUk ud¾.h pqïnl n,
f¾Ld f,i ye¢kafõ'
N S
úoHq;a pqïnl;ajh
1820 § muK l%siaáhka w¾iagâ úiska Odrdjla f.khk ikakdhlhla iómfha ;enQ ud,sudjl o¾Ylfha
W;al%uKhla isÿjk nj wyUq f,i ksÍCIKh lrk ,È' ud,sudfõ o¾Ylfha W;al%uKhla isÿùug ta
wjg pqïnl fCIa;%fha fjkila isÿúh hq;=h' fuu pqïnl fCIa;%h fjkia jqfha Odrdj .,dhk ikakdhlh
ksidh'
S R pqïnl lafIa;%fha
ÈYdj
ud,sud
o¾Ylh
P Q
;sria ldâfndaâ
;,h
K Odrdj
iaúph B
i). AB iDcq ikakdhl lïìh" PQRS ;sria ldâfndaâ ;,h ueÈka oud tys
fofl<jrg fldaIhla iïnJO lr we;'
ii). K iaúÉph újD; úg" l=vd ud,sudjla ldâfndaâ ;,h u; ;ekska ;ek
;enQúg iEuúgu tys W;al%uKh mDÓú W;=re - ol=Kq ÈYdj Tiafia
fhduqù we;snj fmfka'
iii). K ixjD; lr l=vd ud,sudj ;ekska ;ek ;enQúg tys W;al%uKfha ÈYdj
fjkiajk nj ksÍCIKh fõ'
iv). fï wkqj meyeÈ,s jkafka Odrdjla f.khk iDcq ikakdhlhla jgd
pqïnl fCIa;%hla we;sjk njhs'
v). l=vd ud,sudj lïìh jgd ;ekska ;ek ;enQúg o¾Yl ;=v jD;a;dldr m:hl msysgk mßÈ ms<sfh< ùfuka
.uH jkafka we;sjk pqïnl fCIa;%h jD;a;dldr yevhla .kakd njhs'
vi). pqïnl fCIa;%fha ÈYdj fidhd .ekSu i|yd iqr;a kS;sh Ndú;d lrhs'
PHT 5863 3 2020A/L PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA
lafIa;%fha ÈYdj
iqr;a kS;sh Odrdfõ ÈYdj
I
(III). iïu; Odrdj ol=Kg .,dhhs'
fmdf;
a ;,h
(IV). I iïu; Odrdj by<g .,dhhs'
(V). ñka woyia jkqfha pqïnl fCIa;%h fmdf;a ;,hg ,ïnlj fmd; ;=,g l%shdlrk
njhs'
(VI). ñka woyia jkqfha pqïnl fCIa;% fmdf;a ;,hg ,ïnlj fmdf;a ;,fhka bj;g
l%shd lrhs'
I
I
mßkd,sldjla u.ska we;sjk fCIa;%fha ÈYdj fidhd.ekSug my; l%uh Ndú;d lrkak'
12
> >
→ B
12
12 Q F
I
<
I 12
12
x x x x x x B
+ - 12
S 12 S x x x x x x
C
< D
Q
B
F = BIL fh§fuka"
B Sin θ
F = (B Sinθ) IL
B Cos θ F = BIL sin θ
θ
fuysÈ n,h i|yd n,mdkqfha ikakdhlhg ,ïnl pqïnl i%dj
>k;aj ixrplhhs'
I fuysÈ n,fha ÈYdj fiùug *af,ñkaf.a ju;a kshuh fh§fï§
onr we`.s,a, fhduql, hq;af;a ikakdhlhg ,ïnl pqïnl i%dj
>k;aj ixrplfha ÈYdjgh'
F
F = BIL B=
IL
I
ta l dldr pq ï nl fCIa ; % h lg ,ïnlj ;enQ iDcq
ikakdhlhl tall Odrd - È.la (IL = 1 jk) u;
n,h" tu fCIa;%fha pqïnl i%dj >k;ajh f,i w¾: B ys tall (- N A-1 m-1
±lafõ' S.I. tallh = fgia,dj (T)
PHT 5863 6 2020A/L PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA
pqïnl i%djh (φ)
pqïnl fCIa;%hl f;dard.;a j¾.M,hla ;=<ska .uka lrk n,f¾Ld m%udKh pqïnl i%djh f,i ye¢kafõ'
pqïnl i%djfha tall (- fõn¾ (Wb)
pqïnl i%dj >k;ajh ( B ) my; mßÈ o w¾: ±laúh yel'
→
pqïnl i%dj >k;ajh ( B )
pqïnl i%dj f¾Ldj,g ,ïnlj f;dard.;a tall j¾.M,hla ;=<ska .uka lrk i%djf¾Ld ixLHdj tu
fCIa;%fha i%dj >k;ajh f,i w¾: ±lafõ'
δ A j¾.M,hla ;=<ska .uka lrk i%djh δφ kï"
→ δφ δφ
B =
δA
δA
B ys tall (- Wb m-2 fyj;a T
taldldr pqïnl fCIa;%hl t,a,k ,o Odrdjla f.khk iDcqfldaKdi%dldr lïì
o`.rhla u; we;s jk n, hq.aufha >Q¾Kh
♦ pqïNl i%dj >K;ajh B jk taldldr pqïnl fCIa;%hla ;nd we;s È. a yd m<, b jk fmdgj,a N
.Kklska hq;a iDcqfldaKdi%dldr lïì o`.rhla i<luq'
♦ rEmj, olajd we;af;a o`.rh pqïnl fCIa;%hg iudka;rj ;nd we;s wjia:djls' o`.rhg xy iuñ;sl
wCIh jgd ksoyfia N%uKh úh yel'
x N A X
A B
B
<
>
>
N S D
S
<
D C
C
y Y
me;af;ka neÆúg ;%sudK rEmh
F A B
B F
N X S N S
A F
F D C
@ fuysÈ AB yd CD ikakdhl" fCIa;%h Èf.a we;s neúka tajd u; n, we;s fkdfõ'
@ AD yd BC ikakdhl u; hdka;%sl n, l%shd;aul fõ' tu n, iudk iudka;r yd m%;súreoaO ÈYdj,g
l%shd lrk w;r talf¾Çh fkdfõ' tneúka tu n, u.ska n, hq.auhla we;s fõ'
@ fuysÈ tla lïìhla ;=,ska .,k Odrdj I kï we;sjk n,h F,
F =BIa
@ n, hq.aufha >Q¾Kh G0,
G0 = Fd
G0 = B I a x b
@ lïì o`.rfha fCIa;%M,h" A = a x b neúka
G0 = B I A
@ fuh o`.rfha tla lïì fmdgla u; we;sjk hq.aufha >Q¾Khhs'
@ o`.rfha fmdgj,a N .Kkla we;s neúka" iïmQ¾K o`.rh u; n, >Q¾Kh" G
G =BINA
@ fuh o`.r ;,h fCIa;%hg iudka;rj we;súg we;sjk hq.aufha >Q¾Khhs'
PHT 5863 7 2020A/L PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA
^b& o`.r ;,h fCIa;%hg θ fldaKhla wdk;j we;súg
@ fuysÈ AB yd CD ikakdhl u; n, by,g F
→
→
iy my,g iudkj yd m%;súreoaOj tlu f¾Ldfõ A B
ls%hd lrhs' tneúka tajd WodiSk ù hhs'
θ
@ AD yd BC ikakdhl u; fmr mßÈu F ne.ska
n, l%shd;aul fõ' tneúka n, hq.auh ;ju;a N S
l%shd;aul fõ'
X B
@ hq.aufha >Q¾Kh" G b.Cos θ
→
G = Fb Cos θ = B I (a x b) Cos θ = B I A Cos θ F
@ o`.rfha fmdgj,a N we;s neúka
G = B I N A x Cos θ
F/
A
F
→
B F A →
B
D
b
N S
F
C F/
B X →
F
@ fuu wjia:dfõ§ AB yd CD u; l%shd lrk n, WodiSk ù hhs' ^thg fya;=j tu F1 n, fol iudk"
m%;súreoaO iy tlu f¾Ldfõ msysgk ksidh'&
@ ;jo BC yd AD u; l%shd lrk F n, o iudk" m%;súreoaO yd tlu f¾Ldfõ msysgk neúka n, hq.aufha
>Q¾Kh Y+kH fõ'
G = B I N A Cos θ
θ = 900 neúka" Cos θ = Cos 900 = 0
∴ G = B I NA x 0
∴ G=0
@ n, WodiSk jk neúka o`.rh iu;=,s; fõ'
F
→
→
B F
iu.u o`.r;,fha n, hq.aufha >Q¾Kh uq,a
ÈYdjgu l%shdlrhs' taksid o`.r ;,h È.ska È.gu
tlu w;lg N%uKh fõ'
@ ir, Odrd fudagrhl Ndú;d jk uQ,O¾uh o
N S
by; wdldrhu .ks' F
→
B
^f& θ fldaKh iu`. n, hq.aufha >Q¾Kh G
úp,kh jk whqre
G = B I N A Cos θ
G = k Cos θ
θ
90 0
.e,ajfkdaógr uQ,O¾u
@ iDcqfldaKdi%dldr lïì o`.rhla" pqïnl lafIa;%hl wj,ïNkh l< yels l%u 2 ls'
i). jHdj¾;kh fkdjk m%;Hia: fl¢ folla u.ska" o`.r ;,h pqïnl fCIa;%hg iudka;r jk mßÈ t,a,Su'
ii). i¾ms,dldr ÿKq 2la wdOdrfhka o`.r;,h" pqïnl fCIa;%hg iudka;r jk mßÈ t,a,Su' mßudKh
A B
N a I
I S o¾Ylh
uDÿ hlv
is,k
s v
a rh
D C lïì o`.rh
@ o`.r ;,h fCIa;%h ;=< N%uKh jkúg th t,a,d we;s ÿkq o weUÍu isÿfõ' túg tu ÿkq u.ska o`.rh
N%uKh jk ÈYdjg úreoaO ÈYdjg n, hq.auhla we;s lrhs' fuh m%;smdok n, hq.auh (G1) f,i y÷kajhs'
@ fuu m%;smdok n, hq.auh ÿkak weUreK fldaKhg wkqf,dauj iudkqmd;sl fõ'
G1 α θ
G1 = C θ .................. (2) ^fuys C hkq ÿkafka jHdj¾;k ksh;hhs'&
oÕrh
fCIa;%h wÍh jQ miq o`.r ;,h l=uk msysgqulg N%uKh jQj;a" o`.r ;,h fCIa;%hg iudka;r fõ'
@ o`.r;,h θ fldaKhla N%uKh ùfuka miq iu;=,s; jqfha hehs is;uq'
G=BINA G1 = C θ
BINA = Cθ
I
I = (C
BNA
θ )
∴I α θ
@ tkï Odrdj W;al%uKhg wkqf,dauj iudkqmd;sl fõ' θ
@ tkï f¾Çh mßudKhla ,efí'
;U lïì
o`.rh wYaj,dvul yeve;s
Odrdj we;=<g wp, uDÿ iaÓr pqïnlh
hlv is,skavrh
flaY ÿKq
ieye,a¨ f,day
^we¨ñkshï& rduqj
Odrdj bj;g
N X S
→
G = BINA
F
F
→
θ
ii). o`.r;,h fCIa;%hg θ fldaKhla N S
wdk; úg X
→
G = B I N A Cos θ F
F
→
X
→
F
PHT 5863 12 2020A/L PHYSICS - AMITH PUSSELLA
12
iv). o`.r;,h pqïnl fCIa;%hg ,ïnl msysgqu miqlr Odrdfõ ÈYdj m%;sj¾; l<úg
→
N F
S
F
→
o`.r;,h pqïnl fCIa;%hg ,ïnl msysgqu miq lrkjd;a iu`.u Odrdfõ ÈYdj m%;sj¾; lsßfuka"
o`.r;,h È.ska È.gu pqïnl fCIa;%h ;=< N%uKh lr.; yelsfõ'
D C C D
ldnka iam¾Yl
X Y X Y
P Q P Q
kHdfoaY LKav
^w¾O jD;a;dldr
f,day ú,s&
(vi). 1Wb pqïnl i%djhl" pqïnl fCIa;% f¾Ld 108 la we;ehs i,ld" fCIa;% f¾Ld 3000 l ia:dkhl pqïnl
i%djh fidhkak' ^W;a" 30 µ Wb&
(vii). 0.0003 m2 j¾.M,hla ;=<ska 600 µ Wb pqïnl i%djhla mj;S' tu ia:dkfha pqïnl i%dj >k;ajh
fidhkak' ^W;a" 2 T&
2. my; ±lafjk lafIa;%j,§ ikakdhlh u; fhfok n,hhkaf.a ÈYd ,l=Kq lrkak' ikakdhlfha È.
0.5 m f,i f.k n,fha úYd,;ajh o fidhkak'
2T
1T
F
0.5 A X
0.4 A
1T 2A
x x x x x x x x
3T 1.5 A
x x x x 1A x x x x
2A 3T
4T
x x x x x x x x
F
300
x x F x x
3A 1T
300 2A
x x x x
4A
0.2T 0.2 T
x x x x
4. È. 2m jk , 10 A Odrdjla f.k hk iDcq ikakdhl lïìhla" i%dj >k;ajh 0.1 T jk pqïnl lafIa;%hl
;nd we;'
(a). lïìh lafIa;%hg iDcqfldaKS kï
(b). lïìh lafIa;%h iuÕ 450 l fldaKhla idohs kï"
(c). lïìh lafIa;%hg iudka;r kï" lïìh u; l%shd lrk n,h fidhkak'
^W;a (- (a). 2N, (b). 1.41 N (c). 0 )
I
5. ialkaOh m jk lïìh ;sria iqug d mr;rhlska we;s lïì B
d
folla u; we;' tu lïìh ksi,;djfhka .uka werUqfõ kï" m
BIdt
t ld,hlg miq m%fõ.h fidhkak' W;a #- V =
a
y
(b).
x θ
fuys ±lafjkafka yrialv j¾.M,h 2.5 mm2 jk Cu lïì j,ska iE¥ iudk mdo
θ we;s rduqjls' th xy ;sria wlaIh jgd N%uKh úh yels mßÈ ms<sfh, lr th
;=<ska 16 A úÿ,s Odrdjla hjkq ,efí' isriaj by<g l%shd lrk taldldr pqïnl
B lafIa;%hlao" fh¥ úg rduqj isrig 200 la wdk;j iu;=,s; fõ kï" fh¥ lafIa;%fha
i%dj >k;ajh fidhkak' Cu j, >k;ajh 8600 kgm-3 fõ' ^W;a(- 9.78 x 10-3 T)
A
x x x x x
8. È. 50 cm jQ o ialkaOh 10 g jQo PQ iDcq lïìhla " tys È. i%dj
>k;ajh 0.40 T jk taldldr pqïnl lafIa;%hlg ,ïnlj ;sriaj x x x x x
msysgk fia iqkuH isria ikakdhl ÿkq folla u.ska rEmfha fmkajd x x x x x
we;s mßÈ t,a,d we;' ÿkqj, wd;;sh Y=kHùu i|yd lïìh yryd heúh
hq;= Odrdfõ úYd,;ajh yd ÈYdj fidhkak' x x x x
50 cm
x
^W;a ( 0.49 A , P isg Q foig& x x P x x Q x
W
x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x
10. rEmfha ±lafjk wdldrhg I Odrdjla /f.k hk lïì fldgila R
x x I x x x x x x x
pqïnl lafIa;%hg ,ïnlj ;nd we;' lafIa;%fha i%dj >k;ajh
Bkï lïìh u; n,h fidhkak' x x a x x x x x a x x
x x x x x x x x x
^W;a" AB = 0 , DE = 0 , BC = 0.12 N
fmd; foig CD = 0.129 N fmdf;ka msg;g&
15.
rEmfha fmkajd we;s mßÈ taldldr yrialvla iys; U k<hl ndyq
fol isriaj we;s úg ;sria fldgfia by< iy my< ì;a;sj,
bf,lafg%dav folla iúlr we;'
(iii). pqïnl lafIa;%h l%shd lrk fldgfia bf,lafg%davj, j¾.M,h jeä lsÍu isria k<j, øj l|kaj, Wi
flfrys n,mdkafka flfia±hs fmkajkak' ksh; ú'.d' n,hla iy fkd.sKsh yels wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOhla
we;s negßhlska Odrdj imhkafka hehs i,lkak'
16. U yevhg kud we;s lïì rduqfõ fofl,jr riÈh ;=, .s,ajd
we;' lïìh pqïnl lafIa;%hg ,ïnlj ;nd we;'
lïìh ;=,ska úÿ,s iamkaOhla fyj;a laIKsl úÿ,shla hejQúg
lïìh 3 m Wilg by,g úisfõ' lïìh ;=,ska hejQ iïmQ¾K
wdfrdamKh fidhkak'
L= 20 cm , m = 10 x 10-3 kg , B = 0.1 T o fõ' ^W;a #- 3.87 C&
17.(i)B i%dj >k;ajhla we;s taldldr pqïnl lafIa;%hlg ,ïnlj I úoHq;a Odrdjla /f.k hk l È.e;s
lïìhlg we;sjk pqïnl n,h i|yd m%ldYKhla ,shkak'
(ii). úoHq;a Odrdfõ udk I f,i f.k B j, udk fidhkak' by; yg.kakd n,fha ÈYdj fiùug fhdod.kakd
kS;sh ,shkak'
(iii).rEmfha olajd we;af;a ;=,d ;eáhla u; ;nd we;s 6V negßhlg
3 W n,anhla iïnkaO lr we;s whqreh' lïìj, iy negßfha X X X X X X
wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh fkdi,ld yßkak' X X X X X X
(iii)
(a). f¾Çh mrsudKhla ,nd .ekSug l=uK úlrKhla
by; ieliqfï isÿl< hq;=oehs meyeos,s rEm igyka
weiqfrka úia;r lrkak'
(b). túg θ iy I m%ia:dr.; lrkak'
^W;a' (a). 0.2 rad (b). 0.01 rad (c). 0.4 rad, 0.005 rad&
25.(i). fuys my; oelafjk wjia:dfõ AB , BC yd (ii). my; ±lafjkqfha l=uk wdldrfha fudagrhla o@
CD u; we;sjk n, ,l=Kq lrkak' m<uq rEmfha fldgia meyeÈ,sj kï lrkak'
wjYH WmlrK
fuu rEmfha mßÈ bial=remamq ysi lrljñka Odrd ;sria msysgqulg f.k tkak'
;=,d ;eáh
iSreudre bial=remamqj
Odrd ;=,dj
mshjr
01
mshjr
03
mshjr
04
by; mshjf¾§ isÿjQ wm.ukh Y=kH ,l=fKka my<g kï ;=,d ;eáhg okakd ialkaO tl;= lrñka Odrd
;=<dj kej;;a ix;=,kh lrkak'
mshjr
05
fï wdldrhgu úúO Odrd (I) w.hka i|yd ix;=,k lsÍug wjYH ialakOhka (m) uek.kak'
mshjr
06
by; wdldrhg mdGdxl hq., 6 la muK f.k I w.hka x wlaIfha § Bg wkqrEm m w.hka y w.hka
wlaIfha o f.k wÈkq ,nk m%ia;drh uQ, ,laIHh yryd hk ir, f¾Ldjla kï ikakdhlh u; we;sjk
n,h ta ;=<ska .,k Odrdjg iudkqmd;sl nj ;yjqre fõ'
♦ yria oKav jgd ;=,d ;eáfhka we;sjk >Q¾Khg m%;súreoaO >Q¾Khla we;slr .ekSug f,day
uqÿ Ndú;d lrhs' m<uq jrg tu f,day uqÿ iSreudre lr Odrd ;=<dj ix;=,kh l< miq mÍlaIKh
mqrd lsisÿ úgl kej; tajd iSreudre fkdl< hq;=h'
♦ Odrdj .uka lsÍu ksid Odrd ;=<dfõ isÿjk wix;=,kh ix;=,kh lsÍug ;=,d ;eáhg ^okakd&
ialkaO tl;= lsÍu muKla isÿl< hq;=h'
.Kkh lsÍu'
yria oKav jgd " f,day uqÿ u.ska we;s lrk >Q¾Kh iy ;=,d ;eáh u.ska we;slrk >Q¾Khka
úYd,;ajfhka iudk yd ÈYdfjka m%;súreoaO ksid tajd .Kkh lsÍu i|yd n, fkdmdhs'
oKav pqïnl w;r we;s lïìfha I Odrdjla .e,Su ksid lïìh u; we;sjk n,h F yd tu lïìfha
lafIa;%h ;=< we;s fldgfia È. l iy oKavl pqïnl u.ska we;slrk pqïnl i%dj >k;ajh B kï"
F = BIL fõ'
yria oKafâ isg " Odrdj f.khk lïìhg iy ;=<d ;eáhg we;s ÿrj,a iudk jk w;r tu ÿr x
f,i .ksuq'
túg" F x x = mg x x
BIL x= mg x
I = ( BLg ) m
⇓ ⇓ ⇓
y = m x
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 10-6 m (kg)
01.a) Odrd ;=<djg cj iemhqu iïnkaO lsÍug fmr yria oKafâ we;s f,day uqÿ iSreudre lrñka Odrd
;=<dj ix;=,kh lsÍfï wruqK l=ulao@
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b) mÍlaIKh wdrïNfha § Odrd ;=<dj ;sria msysgqul fkd;snqKfyd;a isÿjk fodaIh l=ulao@
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c) Odrd ;=<djg cj iemhqu iïnkaO l<úg tys o¾Yl ;=v Y=kH ,l=fKka by<g .uka lrk nj
YsIHfhl= ksÍlaIKh lf,ah'
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) by; (ii) ys Tn i|yka l< mshjr l%shd;aul fkdfldg mÍlaIKh bÈßhg f.k hd fkdyelafla wehs@
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv) by; (ii) ys mshjrg miq mÍlaIKfha ó<`. mshjr fláfhka ,shd olajkak'
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d) lïìh ;=,ska .,dhk Odrdj (I) " lafIa;%h ;=< we;s fldgfia È. (l) lafIa;%fha úYd,;ajh (B) iy
tl;= lrk mäj, ialkaOh (m) w;r iïnkaOhla m%ia;drhla we£ug iqÿiq wdldrfhka ,shd olajkak'
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I (A)
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 10-6 m (kg)
(ii) wkql%uKh fidhkak'
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------