Phonology - Shams
Phonology - Shams
Phonology - Shams
Phonology - Shams
Class Phonology
Materials
Property
Reviewed
Type Lecture
Introduction to Phonology
What is Phonology?
Phonology - Shams 1
Phonetics deals with human speech sound in general without refer to any
particular language. It is descriptive because it studies the articulation,
transmission and perception of speech sounds. Phonology on the other
hand deals with human speech sounds of a particular language, so it is
particular. Also, it is functional because it studies the rules which govern
the behaviour of speech sounds. It studies the sound system; how speech
sounds structure and function together.
Branches of Phonology
Phonology - Shams 2
(a) Segmental phonology: it analyses speech into discrete segments, such
as phonemes;
Branches of Phonetics
Organs of Speech
Phonology - Shams 3
Consonants
Vowels
Phonology - Shams 4
The Phoneme
(a) Phoneme : the smallest unit that distinguishes meaning between sounds
in a given language. (mental representation of sounds)
contrastive
distinctive
minimal
💡 Phones, the actual sound part that you can hear, are marked with
brackets ([])
💡 the /p/ phoneme has at least two variants : [p] and [pʰ]. This
means that [p] and [pʰ] are allophones of the phoneme /p/.
The prefix -allo comes from the Greek állos meaning “other,” so we can
think of allopones as “another way to pronounce a phoneme.”
Complimentary distribution
Overlapping distribution
Phonology - Shams 5
Contrastive distribution
Phonemes occur in the same phonetic environment where the distinction in
meaning is due to the particular phoneme (form minimal pairs)
Free variation
Phonemes are said to be in free variation if they do not affect the meaning
of the word (no minimal pairs)
Phonology - Shams 6
Phonology - Shams 7