PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

LILIAN B. DE GRACIA, SSTII

Pedro OF
UNIT 1: NATURE S. Budiongan
INQUIRYHigh
ANDSchool
RESEARCH

Content: Nature of Inquiry and Research

Content Standard:
The learner demonstrates understanding of:
1. the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research
2. the importance of quantitative research across fields
3. the nature of variables

Performance Standard: The learner is able to decide on suitable quantitative research in different areas of interest

Learning Competencies:
Describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research CS_RS12-Ia-c-1

LESSON 1: Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, and Kinds Of Quantitative Research

Time Frame: Week One

OVERVIEW
Humans are 'intuitive' scientists ....always asking questions and testing theories about themselves, others, events,
the environment and the world around them.
Research is asking a question and finding out the answer…
1. It is looking into something.
2. It is looking for something.
3. It is comparing and contrasting things.
4. It is finding out more information...it is counting things ...making
inquiries...being curious...finding out what people think...finding out what people
do....finding out what works.... finding out what doesn't work...finding out what people
want...
What research have you conducted recently?
1. What decisions have you made about your day?
2. What decisions have you made today?
3. What influenced your decision to take this course?
4. How do you prepare and write assignments?
5. How do you decide how to provide the best quality of service for your
service users?
We all engage in or do social research as we act on the basis and results of our own research and theorizing,
therefore, what we think affects the way we behave....
What do we research?
We research people and their behaviour, opinions, attitudes, trends and patterns, also politics, animals, health
and illness. Research can be conducted either informally for our own benefit, through asking questions, watching,
counting or reading and formally, for medical or academic purposes, as a marketing strategy, to inform and influence
politics and policy.
Research may be carried out in our own lives, through the media, in our place of work, with our friends and
family or through reading past research.
Our views - personal, social, community and worldwide and our own identities are socially constructed through
our own theorizing.
Research gives us information about:
1. Thoughts and opinions 5. Norms
2. Attitudes 6. Scientific facts
3. Habits 7. Medical information
4. Culture
What do we do with research?
 1.Have it as interesting fact
2.Use it to make decisions
3.Use it to persuade influence others
4.Use it to affect change
5.Use it to change behaviour
6.Use it to better use...medical ...improve customer care...write better funding applications....monitor and
evaluate our provision....
We research in order to understand society and social processes, as well as to test and or create theories in
order that we are better able to inform about social action and potentially 'improve' social conditions.

WHAT DO YOU EXPECT TO LEARN?

After studying this module, you are expected to be able to:

 describe the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses of Quantitative Research

HOW ARE YOU GOING TO LEARN?

This icon signals a pre-test that you need to answer to determine how much you about the topic. At every
pre- test, you will find a question to answer. Write your answers in the blank provided for or as instructed
in it that you go back to check after you have studied or read the text. the pre-test. If you cannot answer a
question may leave it blank. But see to

You will find this icon before some chunks of text in the following pages. It tells you to carefully study the concepts,
principles, or processes discussed in the text. It also tells you that there is a question to answer or an idea to think
about it.

This icon introduces a list of important ideas to remember. Read it carefully and keep it in mind. From the good
habit of reviewing the text and how much time, effort, interest and patience you invest in your learning
will determine how sure you are in having good scores in the checkpoint. Your attitude will help you
learn more and effectively that makes you a better learner.

You will find this icon at the end of every lesson. It signals a self-test to determine how well
you have achieved the objectives set in the unit. Study the lesson well and you will perform
quite well in the self-test. This will be submitted to your teacher after you answering the self-test.
Write legibly and always follow instructions properly.

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assignment will show the extent to which you can apply what have you learned from the lesson.
Submit this also to your teacher at the date specified.

Are you now set to perform the activity, answer the questions, and read the texts? If so, then you may get your
ball pen and notebook as I will request you to answer the questions included herein.

Good luck, enjoy reading and doing the activity. God bless.

UNIT1: NATURE OF INQUIRY and RESEARCH

 LESSON 1: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH – CHARACTERISTICS, STRENGTH,
WEAKNESSES and KINDS

PRE-TEST QUESTIONS:

Answer the questions below. Follow instructions properly.

I. TRUE or FALSE. Write QUANTITATIVE after the item when the sentence is true while
QUALITATIVE if the statement is false.
1. In quantitative research, researchers know in advance what they are looking for. _______________
2. Quantitative research can be easily misinterpreted because it provides numerical data.
_______________
3. Quantitative research puts emphasis on proof, rather than discovery. _______________
4. Normative research is conducted by researcher whose aim would be to find out the direction and/or
relationship between different variables or group of respondents under study. _________________
5. Qualitative research requires a large number of respondents. It assumes that the larger the sample is,
the more statistically accurate the findings are. ___________________
6. Evaluation describes the status of a phenomenon at a particular time. It describes without value
judgment a situation that prevents. ____________________
7. Correlational is conducted by researchers whose aim would be to find out the direction and/or
relationship between different variables or groups of respondents under study.
_____________________
8. Methodological is the implementation of a variety of methodologies that forms a critical part of
achieving the goal of developing a scaled-matched approach, where data from different disciplines
can be integrated. ___________________
9. One characteristics of quantitative research is that its method can be repeated to verify findings in
another setting, thus, reinforcing validity findings. _____________________
10. In quantitative experiments it filters out external factors, if properly designed, and so the results
gained can be seen, as real and unbiased.

II. Put a tick (/) if it describes the characteristics of a Quantitative Research.

1. Data is in the form of words, pictures or objects.
2. The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments.
3. It is not based upon numerical measurements and does not use numbers and statistical methods as key
research indicators and tools.
4. It tends to be associated with small-scale studies and a holistic perspective, often studying a single
occurrence or small number of occurrences/case studies in great depth.
5. The research study can usually be replicated or repeated, given its high reliability.
6. Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in tables, charts, figures, or other non-
textual forms.
7. Emphasis is on discovery rather than proof.
8. The results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative of the population.
9. It tends to be associated with emergent research design, using a wide range of approaches

UNIT1: NATURE OF INQUIRY and RESEARCH

 10. Researcher has a clearly defined research question to which objective answers are sought.

DEFINITION OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative research is an objective, systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena
through the use of computational techniques. It is a way of making phenomenon or any sensory experience
clearer or more meaningful by gathering and examining facts and information about such person, thing,
place or event appealing to your senses. Involving measurements and amounts, quantitative research
answers questions that come in numerals, percentages, fractions and among other (Baraceros, 2016). These
data hopes that the numbers yield unbiased results that can be generalized to some larger population and
explain a particular observation. Simply, quantitative research is concerned with numbers and its
relationship with events.
The quantitative research suggests that the data concerned can be analyzed in terms of numbers.
An example that we can give for this study is a study comparing the performance of the Grade 12 TVL and
GAS Section in Pedro S. Budiongan High School when ICT is applied in teaching Statistics and
Probability. This can be approached by getting the average performance of both section before and after
integrating ICT in teaching Statistics and Probability. Then the averages can be compared and analyzed to
see the differences or effectiveness. In this case, numbers are used as data for analysis. Another is surveying
what do viewers in Montesuerte, Carmen prefer to watch: is it GMA dramarama or ABS-CBN Golden
Kapamilya noontime show. In here, it may be approached by making a survey questionnaire asking for the
preference of viewers in Montesuerte, Carmen.

May you now give your own example of a quantitative research?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

1. OBJECTIVE. Quantitative research seeks accurate measurement and analysis of target concepts. It is
not based on mere intuition and guesses. Data are gathered before proposing a conclusion or solution to
a problem.
2. CLEARLY DEFINED RESEARCH QUESTIONS. The researchers know in advance what they are
looking for. The research questions are well-defined for which objective answers are sought. All aspects
of the study are carefully designed before data are gathered.
3. STRUCTURED RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS. Standardized instruments guide data collection,
thus, ensuring the accuracy, reliability and validity of data. Data are normally gathered using structured
research tools such as questionnaires to collect measurable characteristics of the population like age,
socio-economic status, number of children, among others.
4. NUMERICAL DATA. Figures, tables or graphs showcase summarized data collection in order to
show trends, relationships or differences among variables. In sum, the charts and tables allow you to see
the evidence collected.
5. LARGE SAMPLE SIZES. To arrive at a more reliable data analysis, a normal population distribution
curve is preferred. This requires a large sample size, depending on how the characteristics of the
population vary. Random sampling is recommended in determining the sample size to avoid
researcher’s bias in interpreting the results.
6. REPLICATION. Quantitative methods can be repeated to verify findings in another setting, thus
strengthen and reinforcing validity of findings eliminating the possibility of spurious conclusions.
7. FUTURE OUTCOMES. By using complex mathematical calculations and with the aid of computers,
if-then scenarios may be formulated thus predicting future results. Quantitative research puts emphasis
on proof, rather than discovery.

UNIT1: NATURE OF INQUIRY and RESEARCH

 STRENGTHS and WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

 The advantages of quantitative research includes the following:
1. It is objective. The most reliable and valid way of concluding results, giving way to a new hypothesis
or to disproving it. Because of bigger number of the sample of a population, the results or
generalizations are more reliable and valid. Since it provides numerical data, it can’t be easily
misinterpreted.
2. The use of statistical techniques facilitates sophisticated analyses and allows you to comprehend a
huge amount of vital characteristics of data.
3. It is real and unbiased. If the research is properly designed it filters out external factors, and so can be
seen as real and unbiased.
4. The numerical data can be analyzed in a quick and easy way. By employing statistically valid
random models, findings can be generalized to the population about which information is necessary.
5. Quantitative studies are replicable. This means that you can conduct the same study to different set
of people and location with formulation of comparable findings.
6. Quantitative experiments are useful for testing the results gained by a series of qualitative
experiments, leading to a final answer, and narrowing down of possible directions to follow.

WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

 The disadvantages of quantitative research are as follows:
1. Quantitative research requires a large number of respondents. It is assumed that the larger the sample
is, the more statistically accurate the findings are.
2. It is costly. Since, there are more respondents compared to qualitative research, the expenses will be
greater in reaching out to these people and in reproducing questionnaires.
3. The information is contextual factors to help interpret the results or to explain variations are usually
ignored. It does not consider the distinct capacity of the respondents to share and elaborate further
information unlike the qualitative research.
4. Much information are difficult to gather using structured research instruments, specifically on sensitive
issues like pre-marital sex, domestic violence, among others.
5. If not done seriously and correctly, data from questionnaires may be incomplete and inaccurate.
Researchers must be on the look-out on respondents who are just guessing in answering the instrument.

What are the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative research?

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
KEEP THIS IN MIND.

UNIT1: NATURE OF INQUIRY and RESEARCH

 MIND CHALLENGE. Answer the following questions, follow directions given.
I. NON-STOP WRITING. In 10 mins., write your concise learning about the following.
1. What is quantitative research?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
2. What are the characteristics of quantitative research?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
3. Discuss the strengths of quantitative research.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
4. Discuss the weaknesses of quantitative research.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

POST_TEST. This serves as your summative test. Answer the questions below following the
instruction given in each test.

I. Identification. Identify what is being asked in each number. Write your answer after the statement.

1. It highlights numerical analysis of data hoping that the numbers yield unbiased results that can be
generalized to some larger population and explain a particular observation. _________________________
2. It suggests that the data concerned can be analyzed in
terms of numbers. _______________________
3. This kind of research derives conclusion from observations and manifestations that already occurred in the
past and now compared to some dependent variables. _______________________
4. It describes the norm level of characteristics for a given behavior. _________________
5. In this design, the researcher can collect more data, either by scheduling more observations or finding more
existing measures. ________________________
6. It is conducted by researchers whose aim would be to find out the direction, associations and/or relationship
between different variables or groups of respondents under study. ______________________
7. It refers to the overall strategy that you choose in order to integrate the different components of the study in
a coherent and logical way, thereby ensuring you will effectively address the research problem.
__________________________
8. It controls for both time-related and group-related threats. Two features mark true experiments: two or more
differently treated groups; and random assignment to these groups. ____________________________
9. All variables in the study can contribute to the over-all prediction in an equation that adds together the
predictive power of each identified variable. _______________________
10. Its main purpose is to observe, describe and document aspects of a situation as it naturally occurs and
sometimes to serve as a starting point for hypothesis generation or theory development.
__________________________

UNIT1: NATURE OF INQUIRY and RESEARCH

II. Multiple Choice. Choose the correct letter that best describe the question or complete the statement. Write
your answer before the number.

1. Which of the following BEST defines quantitative research?

A. It is an exploration associated with libraries, books and journals.
B. It is an activity concerned with finding new truth in education.
C. It is a systematic process obtaining numerical information about the world.
D. It is an activity of producing or proving a theorem.
2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of quantitative research?
A. Data are gathered before proposing a conclusion or solution to a problem.
B. Quantitative methods can be repeated to verify findings in another setting, thus strengthen and
reinforcing validity of findings eliminating the possibility of spurious conclusions.
C. Figures, tables or graphs showcase summarized data collection in order to show trends,
relationships or differences among variables. In sum, the charts and tables allow you to see the
evidence collected.
D. It seeks to gather a more comprehensive understanding of activities related to human behavior and
the attributes that rule such behavior.
3. Which of the following describes the characteristics of research where data are in form of statistics?
A. Objective B. Numerical Data C. Replication D. Large Sample Size
4. This characteristic of quantitative research which refers to its necessity to arrive at a more reliable data
analysis.
A. Large Sample Sizes C. Numerical Data
B. Replication D. Objective
5. It is done to check the correctness and verify the findings of the study.
A. Large Sample Sizes C. Numerical Data
B. Replication D. Objective
6. The researchers know in advance what they are looking for. The research questions are well-defined for
which objective answers are sought. All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data are gathered.
A. Future Outcomes C. Clearly defined Research Questions
B. Structured Research Instruments D. Numerical Data
7. People inclined to doing a quantitative research wants to discover truth in _______________________.
A. an exact manner C. an indirect way
B. a careful way D. a personal way
8. Which of the following illustrates a quantitative study?
A. attributes to malnutrition in children
B. public opinion to the sex scandal of the Pres. in our country
C. academic performance of high school students
D. all of the above choices

III. IDENTIFICATION. Determine if the description given below is a strength or weakness of a quantitative
research. Write your answer on the blank provided for.

1. The most reliable and valid way of concluding results, giving way to a new hypothesis or to disproving it.
___________________________
2. Since, there are more respondents compared to qualitative research, the expenses will be greater in reaching
out to these people and in reproducing questionnaires. _______________________

UNIT1: NATURE OF INQUIRY and RESEARCH

 3. If not done seriously and correctly, data from questionnaires may be incomplete and inaccurate.
____________________________
4. Standardized approaches allow the study to be replicated in different areas or over time with formulation of
comparable findings. _______________________________
5. Quantitative experiments are useful for testing the results gained by a series of qualitative experiments,
leading to a final answer, and narrowing down of possible directions to follow.
_______________________________
6. It is assumed that the larger the sample is, the more statistically accurate the findings are.
________________________
7. Researchers must be on the look-out on respondents who are just guessing in answering the instrument.
______________________________
8. It does not consider the distinct capacity of the respondents to share and elaborate further information unlike
the qualitative research. __________________________
9. It is real and unbiased. _____________________
10. It is costly. ______________________

REFERENCES

Baraceros, E. (2016). Practical research 2. Quantitative research. Rex Book Store: Quezon City.

Mariano, J.M.(n.d.). Compilation in practical research 2.

Ricarto, M.N.A. (n.d.). Practical research 2.

UNIT1: NATURE OF INQUIRY and RESEARCH