Measuring Workplace Spirituality and Employee Work Attitudes in Profitable Versus Non-Profitable Organizations of Pakistan
Measuring Workplace Spirituality and Employee Work Attitudes in Profitable Versus Non-Profitable Organizations of Pakistan
Measuring Workplace Spirituality and Employee Work Attitudes in Profitable Versus Non-Profitable Organizations of Pakistan
2, 603-622
workplace, where people work and find the ultimate satisfaction for
their souls as well. Employees, who find meaning in their work,
anchored in strong connection with work community and find
themselves aligned with the values of their organization show stellar
attitudes and enhanced productivity as described by Wong (2003).
This study aims to investigate the existence of workplace
spirituality in the organizations of Pakistan and its association to the
employees’ attitudes which are most likely to be observed on the
workplace including, organizational commitment, intrinsic job
satisfaction, organizational based self-esteem and job involvement.
This study also intended to compare the two different institutional
environments where workplace spirituality association with employee
outcomes may differ.
Workplace Spirituality
Meaningful Work
Sense of Community
Work Attitudes
Hypotheses
Method
Sample
Measures
Table 1
Demographic Characteristics of the Participants (N= 400)
Total Profitable Non-Profitable
Sample Organizations Organizations
Demographic Characteristics
(N = 400) (n = 200) (n = 200)
f % f % f %
Supervisor Gender
Male 258 64.5 100 50.0 158 79.0
Female 142 35.5 100 50.0 42 21.0
Age Group
18-25 Years 230 57.5 124 62.0 106 53.0
26-35 Years 116 29.0 42 21.0 74 37.0
36-45 Years 48 12.0 30 15.0 18 9.0
Above 45 Years 6 1.5 4 2.0 2 1.0
Educational Qualification
Bachelors 218 54.5 90 45.0 128 64.0
Masters or Above 182 45.5 110 55.0 72 36.0
Income Range (Monthly)
≤ Rs. 25,000 112 28.0 38 19.0 74 37.0
Rs. 26,001-50,000 209 52.3 102 51.0 107 53.5
Rs. 50,001-100,000 66 16.5 48 24.0 18 9.0
≥ Rs. 100,000 13 3.3 12 6.0 1 0.5
Work Experience in Present Organization
≤ 1 Year 99 24.8 54 27.0 45 22.5
1-3 Years 180 45.0 76 38.0 104 52.0
≥ 3 Years 121 30.3 70 35.0 51 25.5
Hiring Status
Permanent 191 47.8 140 70.0 51 25.5
Contract 209 52.3 60 30.0 149 74.5
Procedure
Results
Table 2
Correlation Matrix for All Study Variables for Both Organizations
(N = 400)
Variables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
** ** ** ** **
1. Sense of Community – .40 .73 .32 .33 .49 .74**
2. Meaningful Work .70** – .45** .28 .25** .27* .18*
3. AOV .73** .71** – .62 .31** .29* .28**
4. Organizational Commitment .59** .66** .60** – .56** .61** .35**
5. OBSE .62** .61** .63** .73** – .37** .55**
6. Intrinsic Work Motivation .46** .52** .60** .56** .68** – .36**
7. Job Involvement .39** .47** .50** .61** .66** .70** –
Note: Correlation values above diagonal = Non-Profitable Organizations; Values
below diagonal = Profitable Organizations; AOV = Alignment with Organizational
Values; OBSE = Organization Based Self-Esteem
*
p < .01. **p < .00
Table 3
Regression Analysis on Predictive Role of Dimensions of Workplace
Spirituality across Profitable and Non Profitable Organizations
PO NPO Adjusted
Criterion Variables
β β R R² F
Meaningful Work (Predictor)
Organizational Commitment .66*** .45*** .59 .35 110.52***
Organization Based Self Esteem .61*** .18* .62 .38 123.52***
Intrinsic Work Satisfaction .52*** .11 .46 .20 53.50***
Job Involvement .47*** .18* .39 .14 35.77***
Sense of Community (Predictor)
Organizational Commitment 0.59*** .32*** .66 .43 156.21***
Organization Based Self Esteem 0.62*** .31*** .61 .37 120.37***
Intrinsic Work Satisfaction 0.46*** .14* .52 .26 73.40***
Job Involvement 0.39*** .17* .47 .22 57.25***
Alignment with Organizational Values (Predictor)
Organizational Commitment .60*** .45** .60 .36 113.45***
Organization Based Self Esteem .51*** .36** .63 .40 115.00***
Intrinsic Work Satisfaction .68*** .22** .60 .36 116.00***
Job Involvement .53*** .27** .50 .24 67.09***
Note. PO = Profitable Organizations; NPO = Non-Profitable Organizations
*
p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .00.
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Ahiauzu, A., & Asawo, S. P. (2009). Altruistic love culture and workers’
commitment in the Nigerian manufacturing industry: A study in
workplace spirituality. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference,
Repositioning African Business and Development for the 21st Century,
South Africa.
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