Scribd
Upload
129 views

Prestress Losses

The document summarizes different types of losses in prestressed concrete structures, including elastic shortening, frictional, anchorage slip, relaxation, creep, and shrinkage losses. It explains that total losses can be up to 20% of initial prestress and are generally higher in pre-tensioned concrete compared to post-tensioned concrete due to different mechanisms of prestress transfer and losses. Accurate accounting of all loss factors is important for structural design and performance of prestressed concrete.

Uploaded by

harish gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
129 views

Prestress Losses

The document summarizes different types of losses in prestressed concrete structures, including elastic shortening, frictional, anchorage slip, relaxation, creep, and shrinkage losses. It explains that total losses can be up to 20% of initial prestress and are generally higher in pre-tensioned concrete compared to post-tensioned concrete due to different mechanisms of prestress transfer and losses. Accurate accounting of all loss factors is important for structural design and performance of prestressed concrete.

Uploaded by

harish gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Losses in Prestressed

concrete
By Prof.Anil Pawade
Introduction

 Prestressed
concrete is
a concrete
construction
material which is
placed
under compression
prior to it
supporting any
applied loads.
Types of Prestressed concrete

Pre-tension Post-tension

Pre-tensioned concrete is a Post-tensioned concrete is a


variant of prestressed variant of prestressed
concrete where the tendons concrete where the tendons
are tensioned prior to the are tensioned after the
concrete being cast. surrounding concrete
structure has been cast.

Minimum grade of concrete Minimum grade of concrete


used is M40. used is M30.

Concrete element is Concrete element can be


manufactured remotely from manufactured at the site
the final structure location hence it can reduce
and transported to site once transportation cost.
cured.
Losses in Prestressed concrete

Pre-tension Post-tension

Short term Short term

 Elastic shortening loss  No elastic shortening if all


bars are tensioned at same
time
 No frictional loss  Frictional loss
 No anchorage slip  Anchorage slip

Long term Long term

 Creep loss  Creep loss


 Shrinkage loss  Shrinkage loss
 Relaxation loss  Relaxation loss
 High strength tendon bars have to use. As initial
prestress is around 1500-2000 N/mm2.
 Total number of loss is more in Post-tensioned concrete
compare to Pre-tensioned concrete.
 But total loss of prestress is more in Pre-tensioned
concrete compare to Post-tensioned concrete.
 Total loss of prestress is around 15-20%.
 Transportation of prestressed concrete is also a big
challenge.
 Heavy equipment and precise design.
Elastic Shortening loss
 In pre-tensioned concrete, when the prestress is transferred
to concrete, the member shortens and the prestressing steel
also shortens in it. Hence there is a loss of prestress.
 In case of post-tensioning, if all the cables are tensioned
simultaneously there is no loss since the applied stress is
recorded after the elastic shortening has completely
occurred.
 If the cables are tensioned sequentially, there is loss in a
tendon during subsequent stretching of other tendons.
 Loss due to elastic shortening is quantified by drop in
prestress (Δfp) in a tendon due to change in strain in tendon
(Δεp).

 The change in strain in tendon is equal to the strain in


concrete (εc) at the level of tendon due to prestressing
force.
Strain compatibility
 Loss due to elastic shortening is quantified by the drop in
prestress (∆fp) in a tendon due to change in strain in tendon
(∆εp).
 Change in strain in tendon is equal to strain in concrete (εc) at
the level of tendon due to prestressing force, which is called
strain compatibility between concrete and steel.
 Strain in concrete at the level of tendon is calculated from the
stress in concrete (fc) at the same level due to the prestressing
force.
 A linear elastic relationship is used to calculate the strain from
the stress.
Δfp=EpΔεp
=Epεc
=Ep(fc/Ec)
Δfp= mfc
Anchorage slip loss
 In most Post-tensioning systems when the tendon force
is transferred from the jack to the anchoring ends, the
friction wedges slip over a small distance.

 Anchorage block also moves before it settles on


concrete.

 Loss of prestress is due to the consequent reduction in


the length of the tendon.

 Certain quantity of prestress is released due to this slip


of wire through the anchorages.
 P  Es
 Percentage loss is higher for shorter members.  
 A L
where, = Slip of anchorage
 Due to setting of anchorage block, as the
L= Length of cable
tendon shortens, there develops a reverse friction. A= Cross-sectional area of the cable
Es= Modulus of Elasticity of steel
P = Prestressing Force in the cable.
Frictional loss
Post-tensioned Members

 Friction is generated due to curvature of tendon, and


vertical component of the prestressing force.

A typical continuous post-tensioned member

Px  Poe    kx 
 The magnitude of prestressing
where, Po= Prestressing force at the jacking end
force, Px at any distance, x from
the tensioning end follows an  = Coeficient of friction between cable and the duct
exponential function of the   Cumulative angle in radian through which
type. the tangent to the cable profile has turned
between any two points under consideration
k = Friction coefficient
Relaxation loss
 Relaxation is the reduction in stress with time at constant
strain.

decrease in the stress is due to the fact that some of the initial
elastic strain is transformed in to inelastic strain under
constant strain.

stress decreases according to the remaining elastic strain.

 Factors effecting Relaxation :


Time
Initial stress
Temperature and
Type of steel.

 Relaxation loss can be calculated according to the IS 1343-1980


code.
Creep and Shrinkage loss
 Time-dependent increase of deformation under sustained load.

 Due to creep, the prestress in tendons decreases with time.


 For stress in concrete less than one-third of the characteristic
strength, the ultimate creep strain (εcr,ult) is found to be
proportional to the elastic strain (εel).

 The ratio of the ultimate creep strain to the elastic strain is


defined as the ultimate creep coefficient or simply creep
coefficient, θ.

εcr,ult = θεel

 IS: 1343 considers only the age of loading of the prestressed


concrete structure in calculating the ultimate creep strain.

 Creep is due to sustained (permanent) loads only. Temporary loads


are not considered in calculation of creep.
 Since the prestress may vary along the length of the member,
an average value of the prestress is considered.

 Prestress changes due to creep, which is related to the


instantaneous prestress.

 To consider this interaction, the calculation of creep can be


iterated over small time steps.

 The approximate value of shrinkage strain for design shall be


assumed as follows (IS 1383):

 For pre-tensioning = 0.0003

0.002
 For post-tensioning =
Log 10(t  2)

Where t = age of concrete at transfer in days.

You might also like