Student's Book Answer Key: Page 1 of 46

Page 1 of 46
Student’s Book Answer Key

Note: In communicative exercises where several answers are possible, this answer key
contains some examples of correct answers, not all possible answers. Any valid answer in this
type of exercise should be considered acceptable.
UNIT 1
PREVIEW
C Activate vocabulary
Answers will vary but may include the following:
employment: the condition of having a job or work
contact information: a phone number or an email at which a person can be reached
position: job
start date: the month and day when something begins
training: skills a person has for a particular job
employment history: a list of previous positions and job responsibilities
D Pair work
Do’s: Be honest; Be complete.
Don’ts: Don’t write information that is not true; Don’t make factual errors in dates and
places.
F Understand idioms and expressions
1. I’ve done all I can do. Now I just have to wait for the answer.
2. That might be doing too much.
3. I wanted to be sure.
4. I really want . . . OR My first choice is . . .
5. Aren’t they all the same?
6. ordinary
7. Generally, . . . OR My conclusion is . . .
8. I hope you get what you want.
G Think and explain
1. So she would be accepted to at least one school.
2. You are guaranteed an interview with all top restaurants if you attend the Culinary
Center. The ultimate goal is to get a job.
3. She hopes that Anne gets into the school she wants and gets a good job.
LESSON 1: Ask about someone’s background

D Understand the grammar
1. b 2. a 3. b
Summit 2, Third Edition

Copyright © 2017 by Pearson Education, Inc. Duplication for classroom use is permitted.
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E Grammar practice
1. had already won
2. had gone
3. had been standing
4. had practiced
5. had already seen
LESSON 2: Discuss career and study plans

B Listen to activate vocabulary
1. been accepted to
2. decided on
3. taken up
4. been rejected by
5. switched to
6. applied for
C Vocabulary practice
1. been accepted to
2. switch to
3. enroll in
4. applied to
5. applied to
6. signing up for
7. sign up for
8. taken up
E Grammar practice
1. enrolled in
2. haven’t received
3. has seen
4. haven’t signed up
5. started
6. been getting
F Grammar practice
Where did you go to high school?
When did you decide to take up architecture?
Have you chosen a school yet?
Have you ever considered studying abroad?
Have you enrolled in online courses before?

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LESSON 3: Compare your dreams and goals in life

B Activate the vocabulary
1. share responsibilities
2. unachievable
3. fulfilled a dream
4. Ambitious
5. put off
6. set a goal
C Listen for main ideas
1. wants to stay home
2. breadwinner
3. a surgeon
4. fathers
5. nontraditional
D Listen to confirm content
✓ the definition of a stay-at-home dad
✓ the number of stay-at-home dads in the U.S.
✗ the kind of work Dan did before the children were born
✗ the ages of Dan and Sarah’s children
✓ the sexes of Dan and Sarah’s children
✗ the number of years it took for Sarah to complete her degree
E Listen for supporting details
1. He’s happy because he’s doing what he always wanted to do.
2. Because they reflect a double standard
3. He thinks everyone should be able to set their own goals.
4. He wants them to pursue their individual dreams and not have their dreams limited
because of their sex.
5. Traditionally, men have been the breadwinners, and he probably thinks being a stay-at-
home dad is not acceptable.
6. These words don’t cover the complexity of the job of staying at home to raise your children.
7. He hopes that the next generation won’t think it’s strange for a man to stay home and a
woman to be the sole breadwinner.
LESSON 4: Describe job qualifications

B Reading
In my opinion, the most important suggestion is not to be overly informal or too familiar
during an interview.
C Confirm information
✓ 1. Employers expect employees to be punctual on the job.
2. Asking questions during the interview shows that you are really interested in the
company.
✓ 3. It’s important for job candidates to express interest in the company offering the job.
4. Job candidates should dress nicely when they have an interview.
5. You should offer a good explanation about why you are late for an interview.

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D Apply ideas
1. Yes. Ms. Bates followed Watson’s suggestions. She is being modest yet positive about
herself.
2. No. Ms. Bates did not follow Watson’s suggestions. She’s being too familiar.
3. No. She’s criticizing her current employer and she seems too desperate to get the job.
4. No. She is bragging about herself.
5. Yes. She’s asking questions about the company.
6. No. She’s talking too much.
E Discussion
If you arrive on time, your potential employer will see you are punctual.
If you are too familiar, the interviewer might think you don’t know appropriate manners in
the workplace.
If you ask questions, the interviewer will see you are serious about the job.
If you brag about yourself, the interviewer might not believe everything you say.
WRITING
B Practice
Dear Mr. Ramsay,
I am writing to let you know that I am interested in the copywriter job I saw advertised in the
[add name of publication]. I think I would be a very good candidate for the position. I am
26 years old and graduated from Meecham College with a major in English. I have been
working at Poco Cola in the advertising department for five years. I have really enjoyed my
time there but am now ready to try something new. My résumé is attached for your review.
Please contact me at my e-mail address. I look forward to hearing from you.
Sincerely,
Jon Roberts
REVIEW
A
What is his or her dream in life? Is he or she confident about
achieving his or her goal?
1. To have the biggest collection of stamps in the world ■ yes ✓ no
■
2. To buy a house ■ yes ✓ no
■
3. To start her own business ■✓ yes ■ no
4. To become a flight attendant ✓
■ yes ■ no

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B 1. up . . . in
2. for . . . in
3. on . . . to
4. with . . . in
5. by . . . to
6. to . . . for
C 1. a 2. e 3. b 4. d 5. f 6. c
D 1. How long had you been working on
2. Where had they been studying
3. Which program had she been applying for
4. What professor had you been studying with
5. How long had they been looking
UNIT 2
PREVIEW
F Understanding idioms and expressions 1

letting things get out of hand
got carried away
G Understanding idioms and expressions 2
1. d 2. e 3. f 4. b 5. a 6. c
H Discussion
1. It was Jason and Joey’s responsibility to treat their classmate nicely. It was Mr. Rogg’s
responsibility not to leave the class unattended.
2. Jason could have stopped Joey from making fun of the drawing, or at least not joined in.
The girl could have been less sensitive and not run out of the room.
LESSON 1: Describe the consequences of lying

B Apply ideas
A person blames a co-worker or the computer for a mistake to avoid getting in trouble.
A person lies about skills on a résumé to ensure getting a job.
A guest lies that a meal is delicious when in fact it isn’t to avoid hurting the host’s feelings.
C Express and support an opinion
Answer will vary but may include the following:
I think lying is good for us socially. If we always spoke our mind about everything, there
would be a lot of unhappy people. There is no harm in telling your friend her hair looks nice,
even if you don’t like it. Often it’s a matter of opinion.

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G Understand the grammar

1. possession: whose professions require the most social contacts
location: where we are often punished for telling the truth and rewarded for lying
time: when you’re ready
2. objects of preposition: with whom they interacted; in which we often tell lies; with whom
we interact
Rewritten in informal English
Participants told lies to about 30 percent of the people they interacted with.
Here’s another common situation which we often tell lies in.
Some researchers argue that lying may in fact be good for us socially because it protects
the feelings of the people we interact with.
H Grammar practice
1. where
2. whose
3. whom
4. who
5. which
6. when
7. whom . . . who
8. when . . . when
9. which
10. whose
LESSON 2: Express regret and take responsibility

A Listen to infer information
1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a
D Grammar practice
1. Lena insists on paying for the tickets I gave her, which is just unnecessary.
2. Mona never returned the book I lent her, which really bothers me.
3. Apparently, replacing Nancy’s ring would cost an arm and a leg, which is just ridiculous.
4. I offered to pay for dinner, which was the right thing to do, in my opinion.
5. Gerry crossed the street in the middle of the block, which is against the law and
dangerous.
LESSON 3: Explore where values come from

B Reading
In my opinion, the most important influence in our lives are our parents or guardians.
We learn some of the most important life lessons when we are young. The way we are
corrected or not as children influences how we will act the rest of our lives.

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D Classify vocabulary using context

1. events
2. celebrities
3. a situation
4. priorities
5. self-centered
E Critical thinking
1. Children usually have a deep respect for their first role-models—their parents. When they
see their parents do something, they believe it must be right and mimic it.
2. A financial loss could force a person to re-evaluate one’s life. Suddenly things that
were taken for granted—for example, a regular paycheck or a house, may no longer be
available. A person can be forced to look at and appreciate life differently than before.
3. Examples of ethical dilemmas could be taking credit for something at work when we
didn’t earn it, keeping cash from a wallet we find on the street, or stealing ideas or words
from a source when writing a research paper.
LESSON 4: Discuss how to best help others

B Activate the vocabulary
1. Graça Machel is a humanitarian whose work is focused on children’s health.
2. Li Ka-shing has made many donations to universities.
3. Helen Caldicott is an activist who works against the spread of nuclear power.
C Listening warm-up
In my opinion, it’s not necessarily a responsibility, but it is honorable when celebrities do
share their wealth and make a difference in the world. By acting kindly towards others they
also can inspire people who admire them to do the same.
D Listen for main ideas
2
E Listen to classify
1. J 2. B 3. J 4. B 5. B 6. J
F Listen to confirm content
Cross out 2, 5
G Listen for point of view
2
H Listen to summarize
Celebrity philanthropists can be self-centered and demanding.
They can spread a false impression that nothing can be done about a problem without
international celebrity help.
Huge donations raised by celebrities often provide increased opportunities for corruption.
Some celebrity philanthropists can be motivated by their own fame.
They see philanthropy as an opportunity for photo ops.

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I Support an opinion
I think that celebrities can make good philanthropists as long as their involvement is
honorable and honest. The work of people like Angelina Jolie has changed lives and has
inspired others to do the same.
WRITING
B Practice
Answers will vary but may include the following. Corrections are underlined.
What I Learned from My First Job
While working at my first job, which was at a clothing store, I had a co-worker who got me
into a lot of trouble. When the manager counted the money in the cash register, it had come
up short. The co-worker had taken some of the money, so she shifted the blame to me. I
insisted that I wasn’t responsible, but the manager, who didn’t know me, fired me immediately.
Ten years later, I got a phone call that really surprised me. It was from the woman who
had blamed me for taking the money. She called me to apologize for what she had done.
Apparently it had been bothering her for a long time.
This incident taught me an important lesson. Sometimes when people tell a lie, they hurt
themselves more than the other person. While I had completely forgotten about the incident,
it was my former co-worker who felt badly about it for all those years.
C Practice
1. Correct
2. My cousin, who was always truthful about everything, told my aunt she was wrong.
3. Correct
4. Her favorite vase, which her mother had given her, had been broken.
5. We found out that Megan was going to join us, which was great.
REVIEW
A 1. c 2. b 3. c
B 1. shift the blame
2. make up an excuse
3. admit making a mistake
4. take responsibility
5. tell the truth
C 1. whom
2. who
3. when
4. which
5. which
6. which
7. which
8. who
9. where

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UNIT 3
PREVIEW
E Understand idioms and expressions

1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. b 8. a 9. a 10. a
11. a 12. b
LESSON 1: Express frustration, empathy, and encouragement

B Listen to predict
1. a 2. b 3. b 4. b 5. a
D Grammar practice
2. Eric couldn’t find his folder, no matter how hard he looked.
3. Correct
4. They were unable to find a gas station, no matter how many people they asked.
5. Correct
6. No matter when I go to bed, I always get up tired.
LESSON 2: Describe how fear affects you physically

D Grammar practice
2. There are usually so many accidents that we don’t travel on holiday weekends
3. The games end so late that we prefer to watch them on TV.
4. The insects are so awful after dark that most people prefer to stay inside in the evening.
5. Traffic in this region has become such a bad problem that lots of people are taking public
transportation.
6. It was such a stormy day that we postponed our picnic.
E Grammar practice
1. many
2. much
3. few
4. few
5. little
G Activate the vocabulary
Kenji Yaegachi had sweaty palms and his hands shook.
Isil Farat got a jumpy feeling in her stomach, and she thought she would throw up.
LESSON 3: Discuss overcoming handicaps and hardships

B Reading
An adjective that could describe Marlee Matlin is inspirational.

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C Understand meaning from context

1. spokesperson
2. sign language
3. handicap
4. mentor
5. conflicts
D Summarize
Ways in which they helped Matlin

Her parents enrolled her in a school with both hearing and deaf children; sent
her to a camp to learn sign language
Her school taught her sign language and encouraged her to speak, too
Her brother helped her not to be embarrassed when people asked why she
pronounced words differently
Her summer camp helped her discover the love of performing
Henry Winkler told her she could do whatever she wanted; helped her with her
acting career
Whoopi Goldberg told Matlin stories about when she was criticized; told Matlin just to
be herself and not listen to criticism
E Discussion
1. A deaf person might rely on watching lips and feeling the throat of a speaker to
understand how the muscles move when a word is formed.
2. I think it is perseverance, hard work, and a positive attitude that contribute to success of
people faced with handicaps and other problems.
LESSON 4: Examine the nature of heroism

B Listen to activate parts of speech
1. courageous
2. bravely
3. willingness
4. heroic
5. courage
C Listen for details
1. b 2. b 3. b 4. b 5. a
D Listen to retell a story
The news report is about a courageous young man Seol Ik Soo. He survived a plane crash,
but rather than just save his own life, he bravely put himself in danger to save other people’s
lives. He fearlessly returned to the sight of the crash and carried people to safety. He was
willing to risk his life to help others. Although described by his friends as an ordinary man,
he proved to be a hero.

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WRITING
B Practice
May 5 – (1) While camping yesterday, the Evans family was surprised by some
frightening neighbors: a bear cub and its mother. Twin 5-year-olds Paul and Marcy were
delighted because the young animal reminded them of the cute creatures in their picture
books and on TV. Their father, on the other hand, wasn’t as charmed because he knew that
approaching a bear cub was dangerous since an adult bear is usually nearby.
Luckily for the family, Mr. Evans was already awake and getting breakfast ready when
he heard the bear. As he posted later on Facebook: (2) “While getting the milk out of our
camping bag, I heard a rustling noise behind me. I turned around and saw a bear cub trying
to open the garbage can. I knew I had to think fast.”
(3) Hearing his kids coming out of the tent, Mr. Evans quickly pushed them back inside
to prevent them from approaching the bear to play with it. At that moment, a large adult
female, probably the cub’s mother, came by and led the cub away. The Evanses’ camping
day continued peacefully after that.
Phrases changed to clauses
1. While the Evans family was camping yesterday, they were surprised by some frightening
neighbors: a bear cub and its mother.
2. While I was getting milk out of our camping bag, I heard a rustling noise behind me.
3. When Mr. Evans heard his kids coming out of the tent, he quickly pushed them back
inside to prevent them from approaching the bear to play with it.
C Practice
1. Waking up, Alicia Sorohan heard a scream.
2. Clause can’t be reduced. The subjects of the adverbial clause and the independent
clause are different.
3. Refusing to move to the back seats, Rosa Parks was arrested.
4. Before going to the drama program, Marlin Matlin hadn’t ever performed in a play.
5. After having exited from the plane several times, Seol realized that he was covered in
blood.
REVIEW
A Felix Tan: No matter how many times Felix tells his boss he needs more time to finish the
project, his boss ignores him.
Robert Reston: No matter what he tries to do to lower his blood pressure, it stays high.
Eva Garcia: No matter how many stores she goes to, she can’t find the perfect gift for her
husband’s 30th birthday.
B 1. no matter what OR what time OR when
2. no matter how
3. No matter what
4. No matter how
5. no matter who OR whom
6. No matter where

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C 1. so
2. so much
3. such
4. so many
5. such a
6. so
D 1. b 2. a 3. b
UNIT 4
PREVIEW
F Understand idioms and expressions

1. a 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. a 6. a 7. b 8. b 9. a
G Think and explain
1. Jaya has witnessed Sam’s outbreaks before. She imagines that after seeing Sam yell at
Rob, it could not have been easy to have the meeting continue normally.
2. Rob seems very easygoing. He knows that Sam is hot-tempered, so he didn’t take the
attack personally.
LESSON 1: Discuss how to overcome shortcomings

1. a 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. a
E Grammar practice
1. Whether or not
2. Unless
3. only it
4. even if
5. Unless
6. Only if
LESSON 2: Acknowledge inconsiderate behavior

B Notice the grammar
But it’s Sam who should feel awkward.
What bothers me the most is that he has no clue how he affects other people.
C Listen to activate grammar
1. a 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. a

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D Grammar practice
1. What makes me kind of angry is that my boss always criticizes me.
2. What fascinates me is that most people tell lies to protect the ones they love.
3. What’s surprising is that Gary actually has a hard time saying no to people.
4. What’s nice is that my manager and I get along really well.
5. What I’ve always wanted to tell you is that it’s been great working with you.
6. What I mean is that I wish you would try to control your anger.
E Grammar practice
1. It’s Nancy’s negative attitude that prevents her from accepting any suggestions.
2. It’s the final workshop that can give you some ideas for getting more organized.
3. It’s Bill’s being so hot-tempered that makes me want to avoid him.
4. It’s the way you spoke to me this morning that hurt my feelings.
5. It’s his lying about what happened that was so surprising.
LESSON 3: Explain how you handle anger

C Listen to summarize the main idea
The purpose of the interview is to demonstrate how people from different cultures express
anger. It demonstrates how in the Chinese culture people are less inclined to lose their cool
publically, while in Argentina, people don’t usually hold things in.
D Listen to infer information
1. Josef would hold his feelings in.
Celina would say what’s on her mind
2. Joseph would probably just shrug it off.
Celina would probably not hold it in.
3. Joseph would probably let it go.
Celina would probably say what’s on her mind.
LESSON 4: Explore the qualities of friendship

B Reading
In my opinion, a friend must be trustworthy and dependable.
1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. a 9. a 10. b
D Apply ideas
2. Friends often share a similar sense of humor, so a friend would likely laugh even at a
really dumb joke.
3. A friend knows what makes you tick and would probably know what to do to make you
feel better.
4. A friend knows you are not perfect and would probably forgive you if you lost your temper.
5. A friend is loyal and would stick up for you and stick by you no matter what.
6. Friends don’t keep things bottled up inside; if you have a disagreement with a friend, you
would work things out and move on.

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WRITING
B Practice
1. using a smartphone calendar is not really all that difficult
2. using a smartphone calendar is not really all that difficult
3. it’s not difficult, using a smartphone calendar does take some getting used to
4. it’s easy, using a smartphone calendar does take some getting used to
5. it’s not difficult, using a smartphone calendar takes some getting used to
6. using a smartphone calendar does take some getting used to
7. using a smartphone calendar does take some getting used to
REVIEW
A
What is the shortcoming? What solution did the person find? Did it work?
1. Trying to do everything himself Allowing colleagues to share Yes
responsibilities
2. Being very disorganized A friend helped her get organized Yes
3. Problem with temper An anger management course Yes
B 1. d 2. e 3. c 4. a
D 1. d 2. b 3. c 4. e 5. a
E 2. What changes negative thinking is maintaining a positive attitude.
3. What causes people to put things off is a fear of failure.
4. What makes people feel like they’re walking on eggshells is his being so hot-tempered.
5. What makes her so successful is her ability to organize.
UNIT 5
PREVIEW

1. Easier said than done
2. It went over like a lead balloon
3. I don’t get it
4. par for the course
5. It just isn’t done
6. I made a total fool of myself
7. Don’t take it so hard
LESSON 1: Discuss the health benefits of laughter

B Critical thinking

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In my opinion, Norman Cousins was cured by laughter. I believe that positive emotions
can have a healing effect. If Cousins consciously focused time on laughing to get better, it
could very well be that laughing was what changed his prognosis. Positive emotions instill
peace and calm, which could do wonders for one’s entire being. Negative emotions, on the
contrary, can cause anxiety and stress.
D Grammar practice
1. Ms. Barr stated that she wanted / wants us to finish our essays for the next class.
2. Last week I told my husband that this had been the best vacation we had ever taken.
3. My friend Amy said that she had never seen such exciting paintings before.
4. In his lecture, Dr. White explained that the earth rotated / rotates around the sun.
E Pair work
1. Pain researchers reported that laughter may help some patients.
2. They said that their new study would begin there next week.
3. The doctors said that they had recommended laughter yoga to cure his pain.
4. The patient told everyone that he definitely felt better from the laughter yoga.
F Grammar practice
1. Ellen told me, “I read an article about laughter yoga in the New Yorker magazine.”
2. She claimed, “I believe laughter yoga can be helpful.”
3. I said, “I never would have known that.”
4. The nurse told me, “I have been using laughter therapy with certain patients.”
LESSON 2: Respond to something funny

1. No
2. No
3. Yes
4. No
5. No
6. Yes
F Grammar practice
1. The teacher asked her students if they could tell her what the joke was about.
2. Barry sometimes asked himself how he would have reacted if someone had told him an
offensive joke
3. Lisa asked her boyfriend if he should have laughed at that offensive joke.
4. Dan asked his wife if she had finished reading that book of jokes.
5. Vivian asked me which was the best website for funny animal videos.
LESSON 3: Analyze what makes us laugh

B Reading
The Superiority Theory: A person slipping on a banana peel
The Incongruity Theory: You notice someone wearing two different socks.
The Relief Theory: A man panics that he has lost his eyeglasses, when someone points out
that they are on his head.

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C Classify
The The The
People often laugh when they . . . Superiority Incongruity Relief
Theory Theory Theory
discover the strange noise they heard downstairs was only ✓
the cat.
■ ■ ■
see someone slip and fall down. ✓
■ ■ ■
see someone wearing inappropriate clothes to an event. ■ ✓
■ ■
arrive at a party where someone is wearing the same outfit. ✓
■ ■ ■
see a little girl wearing her mother’s high heels. ■ ✓
■ ■
see someone making an embarrassing social mistake. ✓
■ ■ ■
D Listen to apply ideas

Joke 1: The Superiority Theory
Joke 2: The Incongruity Theory
Joke 3: The Incongruity Theory
LESSON 4: Explore the limits of humor

1. b 2. b 3. a 4. b
C Listen to summarize
One day . . . at a hospital, a young doctor asked the chief of staff permission to visit the
psychiatric ward. The chief of staff agreed but decided to play a practical joke on him.
He told the guard at the ward that he was going to be admitting a patient who thinks he is
a doctor. So when the young doctor came to the ward, he was permitted in and allowed
to examine patients. But once he said he was ready to leave, the guard told him that he
couldn’t leave. When the young doctor said that he was Dr. Adams, the guard replied
cynically that he was Napoleon. Eventually, the chief of staff returned and straightened
everything out. Luckily the young doctor could take a joke.
D Listen to take notes
Speaker What was the joke? How did the person react?
1. The speaker got a new car and She didn’t think it was really funny to
parked it in a lot. Her friends left a fake be the butt of a joke.
note from a woman saying she had
scratched the car.
2. The speaker’s friend tricked her into She thought it crossed the line; she
doing something at work that could was angry. It was in very bad taste.
have gotten her fired.
3. The speaker’s co-worker sent a He thought it was funny.
message to his computer that
surprised him.

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WRITING
B Practice
1. Norman Cousins said that he had cured himself with laughter. / Norman Cousins said, “I
cured myself with laughter.”
2. “The Superiority Theory,” our professor explained, “is exemplified by finding people’s
mistakes funny.”
3. “The joke was really cruel,” said Claire. “They shouldn’t have played it.”
4. “Does that example illustrate The Incongruity Theory?” asked John.
5. “I learned about all kinds of humor in my psychology class,” said my sister.
C Practice
1. Dr. Summers stated, “Positive emotions can have a direct effect on emotional and
physical health.”
2. A psychologist told me, “Many people believe that Norman Cousins’ s book popularized
the idea that laughter can be helpful in treating illness.”
3. She said, “Practical jokes come from our need to feel superior to others.”
4. Ms. Barton insisted, “Traditional medicine is more effective than laughter therapy.”
5. Our professor asked, “Is there any scientific evidence that laughter can treat illness?”
REVIEW
A 1. a 2. b 3. a
B Answers will vary but may include the following:
1. I don’t get it.
2. That’s offensive.
3. That’s hilarious!
4. That crosses the line.
C 1. Mary asked me if I got the joke.
2. The students insisted that they hadn’t played any practical jokes in the gym.
3. My father admitted that 25 years of practicing medicine had taught him that laughter can
be the best medicine.
4. Jess told her friends that she would tell them about a joke that she had told during her
job interview the day before if they promised not to tell anyone.
5. Anne said that she can’t / couldn’t understand British humor.
6. She said she may not have enough familiarity with British culture to understand all the
pop culture references.
7. The people at the party asked who was going to tell the first joke.
D 1. dirty
2. sexist
3. ethnic
4. political
5. practical

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UNIT 6
PREVIEW
B Vocabulary
checked baggage fees: extra money you have to pay for baggage that you check in, often
the case when bags are over the weight limit or oversize
carry-on luggage: luggage that you don’t check in but take with you on the plane
an overhead bin: the compartment above the seats on a plane where passengers store
carry-on luggage
a missed connection: when a traveler doesn’t make it in time to a connecting flight
security screening: the process of checking passengers at the airport to make sure they
don’t present any risks
a breakdown: when the mechanism of a car or other vehicle stops working
a flat tire: when a tire has insufficient air in it
a parking ticket: a penalty imposed for not parking a car according to regulations
1. e 2. b 3. g 4. c 5. d 6. a 7. f
F Think and explain
Edison might find his folder back at the hotel. If he does not find it, he will need to go to the
nearest embassy to issue a replacement passport.
LESSON 1: Describe some causes of travel hassles

1. b - I should have made the reservation for the right date.
2. a - My sister should have been watching her bags.
3. c - I shouldn’t have been streaming a movie.
E Grammar practice
1. were . . . would be
2. had . . . wouldn’t be
3. have taken . . . had been
4. would be . . . weren’t
5. hadn’t . . . have gotten
F Pair work
2. I would have been late to class if I hadn’t caught the bus.
3. We would be watching the game now if our TV hadn’t broken.
4. If I were at home, I would be reading a book.
5. There’s no way I would have missed the train if he had woken me up.

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LESSON 2: Express gratitude for a favor while traveling

B Find the grammar
You know, if I hadn’t been rushing for the limo, this wouldn’t have happened. (regret)
If it weren’t for my stupid mistake, I wouldn’t be going through this hassle. (regret)
C Understand the grammar
1. relief
2. relief
3. regret
4. relief
5. regret
6. regret
D Listen to activate grammar
1. if it hadn’t been for
2. If it hadn’t been for
3. if it weren’t for
6. If it hadn’t been for
E Grammar practice
1. If it weren’t for this cold, I would go to the museum with you tomorrow. /
I would go to the museum with you tomorrow if it weren’t for this cold.
2. If it hadn’t been for the hotel wake-up call, I would have totally missed our appointment. /
I would have totally missed our appointment if it hadn’t been for the hotel wake-up call.
3. If it hadn’t been for the announcement, we would have gone to the wrong departure gate. /
We would have gone to the wrong departure gate if it hadn’t been for the announcement.
4. If it hadn’t been for the airline’s text message, we would have arrived two hours early. /
We would have arrived two hours early if it hadn’t been for the airline’s text message.
5. If it weren’t for the flight attendant’s help with this heavy bag, I would have gotten a
backache trying to put it in the overhead bin. /
I would have gotten a backache trying to put this heavy bag in the overhead bin if it
weren’t for the flight attendant’s help with it.
F Grammar practice
1. if it weren’t for the semester I spent in London.
2. if it hadn’t been for the political situation.
3. if it weren’t for my supportive family.
4. if it hadn’t been for the snow.
LESSON 3: Discuss staying safe on the Internet

B Reading
I was surprised at how important it is to use fully encrypted sites when using public Wi-Fi.
1. d 2. f 3. e 4. g 5. a 6. c 7. h 8. b

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D Paraphrase
2. It’s a mistake to believe that free Wi-Fi is secure.
3. Your information is mixed up so that other people can’t read it.
4. Networks should require a password or they are probably not secure.
5. To see if a website can protect your information, look for “https” at the beginning of the
web address.
E Find supporting details
1. You should look for “https” at the start of the web address to check if the site is
encrypted.
2. The “s” in “https” indicates that the site is secure. You should look for the “https” on every
page you visit, not just where you sign in.
3. You should log out right away after concluding online banking while on a public Wi-Fi
network.
4. If a hacker gained access to your contact list, he could impersonate you and scam
people.
5. An unusual spending pattern usually results in a fraud alert by the credit card company.
LESSON 4: Talk about lost, stolen, or damaged property

C Word study practice 2
2. I gave the pair of lost sunglasses to the Lost and Found.
3. The guy in the shoe repair stand fixed the broken heel of my shoe in less than ten
minutes.
4. The front desk sent someone to look at our burglarized hotel room.
5. It’s a good deal because you can pay to have the damaged bargain suitcases repaired
cheaply.
D Listen for main ideas
Know what to do to avoid luggage loss or delay.
E Listen to confirm content
✓ 1. Put your address on your luggage inside and out.
✗ 2. Request reimbursement for toiletries if your baggage is delayed.
✓ 3. File a claim with your airline if your bags are lost.
✓ 4. Provide sales receipts to prove what you paid for the clothes in your lost luggage.
✗ 5. Don’t put your prescription medicines in your checked bag.
✓ 6. Keep luggage checks for checked baggage in case you have to make a claim.
F Listen to understand meaning from context
1. toiletries
2. an itinerary
3. depreciated
4. a connecting flight
5. luggage checks
6. receipts
7. a claim
8. reimburse

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G Listen for details

1. It’s a store where they sell unclaimed luggage from airlines.
2. The items in the Unclaimed Baggage Center have been paid for by the airlines through
settled claims.
3. one
4. from airlines when baggage is unclaimed
5. They only take things which the airlines have settled and paid claims on.
6. It cleans it, clears out data, and prices it.
7. It donates it to charity or recycles it.
REVIEW
A 1. The passenger’s shampoo and aftershave were confiscated due to the size of the
containers.
2. A man’s suitcase was crushed under the airport bus. He bought a new suitcase and
moved his clothes into it. He will file a claim.
3. A woman’s bag was damaged in transport. She will file a claim. She has the sales receipt
to show that the bag was new and undamaged before the flight.
B 1. would
2. wouldn’t have missed
3. hadn’t been
4. weren’t
5. weren’t
C 1. overhead compartment
2. check in
3. ticket . . . towed
4. carry-on
D 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. b
UNIT 7
PREVIEW
D Understand idioms and expressions

1. Don’t get me wrong.
2. I may be imagining things.
3. If I were in your shoes.
4. The cat’s out of the bag.
5. What’s on your mind?
6. Keep in mind.
E Think and explain
1. For a few days, she has noticed her staff huddling together talking, but when she
approaches they shut up.
2. She feels it’s crazy to think they could be talking about her.
3. There may be an explanation other than her staff talking badly about her or keeping a
secret from her
4. Yes. Otherwise, he probably wouldn’t have said, “There’s definitely something going on.”

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LESSON 1: Suggest that someone is being gullible

B Understand the grammar
1. a 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. a 6. b
C Grammar practice
1. A British company claims to have invented a machine that allows X people
to talk with their pets. The company says the machine, called the PetCom, will be
available later in the year.
2. It’s well known that X carrots are a good source of X vitamins. In fact, X
research has determined that drinking a glass of carrot juice every day can
add X years to your life.
3. The WeightAway diet plan promises to help you lose X weight fast. The company
guarantees that people following the plan can lose up to 10 kilograms per week.
4. Last week, the news reported that thousands of people had sent X money to
an organization advertising a shampoo that the organization claimed would
grow X hair overnight.
LESSON 2: Examine superstitions for believability

D Grammar practice
2. It is believed that lightning will never strike a house where a fire is burning.
3. It is said that if you hear thunder and the sound comes from your right side, then you can
expect good luck.
4. It is said that letting the first rain in May touch your face brings you luck throughout the
year.
5. It is held by some people that if you turn bread upside down after a slice has been cut
from it, you will have bad luck.
6. It is estimated that more than 50% of people in North America won’t rent an apartment
on the 13th floor.
F Grammar practice
1. It used to be claimed that a pregnant woman at a funeral would bring bad luck.
2. It used to be believed that lightning would never strike a house where a fire was burning.
3. It used to be said that if you heard thunder and the sound came from your right side, then
you could expect good luck.
4. It used to be said that letting the first rain in May touch your face brought you luck
throughout the year.
5. It used to be held by some people that if you turned bread upside down after a slice had
been cut from it, you would have bad luck.
6. It used to be estimated that more than 50% of people in North American wouldn’t rent an
apartment on the 13th floor.

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LESSON 3: Talk about the power of suggestion

B Answer will vary but may include the following:
Both placebo and nocebo are examples of the power of suggestion in medicine.
C Infer meaning
1. overbooked
2. genuine
3. An adverse reaction
4. silly behavior
5. ineffective
D Draw conclusions
1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. b
E Critical thinking
1. The pros of telling a patient potential adverse reactions to a medication is that he will be
prepared if they were to appear. The cons are that he might develop them in anticipation.
2. Placebo and nocebo are “two sides of the same coin” because both are examples of
the power of suggestion. Placebo is a fake medication or medical procedure that works
because patients believe it will; nocebo is experiencing a side-effect of a drug because
the patient has been told that the medication is likely to cause that reaction.
3. In my opinion, anyone can be susceptible to the placebo and nocebo effect. As the article
suggests, the relationship between the body and mind is quite complex. The power of
suggestion can affect anyone.
LESSON 4: Discuss phobias

B Activate vocabulary
1. put something out of your mind
2. make up your mind
3. it’s all in your mind
4. change your mind
5. are out of your mind
C Listen for details
1. b 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. c 6. a
✓ The number of people worldwide who ✓ The reason why people make jokes
suffer from phobias about phobias
✗ The way to aviod developing a phobia ✓ The physical responses to extreme fear
✓ Some kinds of phobias that exist ✓ Two popular treatments for phobias
✗ The danger of a rapid heartbeat

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E Word study
Phobia Noun Adjective
acrophobia (heights) acrophobe acrophobic
agoraphobia (open spaces) agoraphobe agoraphobic
arachnophobia (spiders) arachnophobe arachnophobic
aerophobia (flying) aerophobe aerophobic
claustrophobia (enclosed spaces) claustrophobe claustrophobic
ophidiophobia (snakes) ophidiophobe ophidiophobic
xenophobia (foreigners) xenophobe xenophobic
WRITING
B Practice
Corrections are underlined.
One common superstition in Western countries concerns the number 13. Because they
are considered unlucky, many situations involving the number 13 are frequently avoided.
For example, in the past, the thirteenth floor of tall apartment buildings was often labeled
“fourteen.” While that is rare today, there are still many people who are uncomfortable
renting an apartment on the thirteenth floor. In addition, there is a general belief that Friday
the thirteenth brings bad luck, increases the chance of mishaps, and makes it more difficult
to get things done effectively.
REVIEW
A
What is the claim? believable unlikely ridiculous
1. You can get rich in two weeks by sending $10 to a ✓
■ ■ ■
person on a list.
2. You can learn a language while you sleep. ✓
■ ■ ■
3. You can learn to read a 200-page book in an hour. ■ ✓
■ ■
B Corrections are underlined.

A lucky charm is an object that some people carry because they think it will bring good
luck. My lucky charm is a rabbit’s foot that I received as a gift on my birthday. I don’t really
know if it has ever brought me good luck, but I always carry it in my pocket. Since medieval
times, rabbits’ feet have been said to bring good fortune because people believed that
witches were capable of turning themselves into rabbits or hares when they were being
chased. Both rabbits and hares are very fast animals, so witches stood a good chance of
escaping if they turned into rabbits or hares. Since then, people have carried rabbits’ feet as
good luck charms. They believe rabbits’ feet will protect them.

Page 25 of 46
C 1. It is estimated that ten percent of people worldwide suffer from some sort of phobia.
2. It was believed that the mind and body were completely separate, but now we know
otherwise.
3. It is said that if a bee enters your home, you will soon have a visitor.
4. It is claimed that if you said good-bye to a friend on a bridge, you’ll never see that friend
again.
5. It was thought that the house had been damaged by lightning before the fire, but that
turned out not to be true.
D 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. b
UNIT 8
PREVIEW
C Discussion
Whereas IQ measures cognitive ability, EQ measures a person’s ability to understand
emotions.
Based on the quiz, EQ appears to assess interpersonal skills, which can be very important
when employing someone. For certain jobs, how a person interacts with other people, how
sensitive he or she is, or how he or she reacts in certain situations could be more important
than cognitive intelligence.
1. d 2. f 3. a 4. c 5. e 6. b
LESSON 1: Discuss your talents and strengths

B Activate vocabulary
1. Adela has a knack for languages.
2. Miguel has a way with words.
3. Kim has a head for figures.
4. Aiko has an ear for music.
5. Leilah has an eye for detail and is good with her hands.
6. Felipe is mechanically inclined and is good with his hands.
7. Blair has an eye for detail and a way with words.
8. Bob has a way with people.
E Grammar practice
2. You’re absolutely right. I do put things off way too often.
3. She may not sing very well, but she does know how to dance.
4. We made total fools of ourselves, but we did get everyone to laugh.
5. He never lived abroad, but he does have a knack for languages.
6. Her decision to quit her job really did happen out of the blue.

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LESSON 2: Suggest ways to boost intelligence

D Grammar practice
1. was
2. take
3. isn’t
4. become
5. be
6. not accept
7. would be
8. not continue
9. be
10. be sitting
11. improve
LESSON 3: Explain how you produce your best work

B Reading
“To stay on target” means to stay focused.
C Apply ideas
Kyoko: Challenge Yourself
Tatiana: Take a Breather
Emilio: Develop a Routine
Claudio: Go offline
Marina: Reserve some “Do not disturb” time
Jae Jin: Stay organized
LESSON 4: Describe what makes someone a “genius”

B Listen for main ideas
2
C Listen to infer
None of the people with high IQs in Termans’ research had any notable achievements.
D Listen for supporting details
In favor of a genetic theory In favor of an environmental theory
1. Talented families exist. 1. All the ancestors of a genius should be
2. Ramanujan came from a very poor also geniuses, but this is not true.
environment. 2. Even though identical twins may have the
same genes, they don’t necessarily have
the same talents or abilities.

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F Vocabulary practice
1. perceptive
2. inventive
3. witty
4. inquisitive
5. talented
WRITING
B Practice
Writing Model
When trying to focus on a task, you may discover there are numerous distractions that
can keep you from completing your work. (1) You may find it difficult to stay focused due
to your staying up late the night before. (2) As a consequence of frequent interruptions by
colleagues, you may feel like you are always starting the task all over again. Anything can
distract you from a task, and the results can be harmful.
Not being able to stay focused can affect your work in negative ways. You may not be able
to produce a report for your manager by the time he or she expects it. (3) Consequently, your
manager may wonder whether or not he or she can count on you to deliver what you have
promised. Your colleagues may depend on you to finish a task, but you are unable to do it.
(4) As a result, you risk your reputation at work.
If you are having difficulty completing a task, it is important that you take actions that
help you stay on target. (5) Because of frequent interruptions, you may have to close your
office door or ask your colleagues not to disturb you. If you are suffering from a lack of
sleep, you may have to take a break and grab a cup of coffee before you start. As long as
you make an effort, you should be able to get back on target.
1. Because of / As a result of your staying up late at night, you may find it difficult to stay
focused.
2. Due to / As a result of interruptions by colleagues, you may feel like you are always
starting the task all over again.
3. Therefore, / As a result, your manager may wonder whether or not she can count on you
to deliver what you have promised.
4. Consequently, / Therefore, you risk your reputation at work.
5. Due to / As a result of frequent interruptions, you may have to close your office door or
ask your colleagues not to disturb you.
REVIEW
A 1. has a way with words
2. is good with his hands
3. has a knack for languages
4. has a head for figures
5. has an ear for music
6. is mechanically inclined
7. has an eye for detail
8. has a good intuitive sense

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B Corrections are underlined

Dr. Howard Gardner believes that genius is determined by the environment, Therefore,
he recommends that children be provided with greater educational opportunities in order to
develop their talents. Other psychologists, however, think that genius is inherited. According
to them, if a child is born with talent, it is crucial that he or she receive special attention.
According to Dr. Gardner, people have different kinds of intelligence, and there are
different ways of learning suitable for eac h intelligence type. Consequently, he proposes
that a teacher use learning strategies that are best suited to a particular student’s type of
intelligence. For example, Gardner suggests that a student study alone if he or she has
intrapersonal intelligence. If, on the other hand, the learner has interpersonal intelligence, it
is important that the student work in a team.
Because characteristics such as motivation and emotional control are considered
important in the workplace, more and more employers insist that a job applicant take an EQ
test to help the manager make hiring decisions.
C 1. e 2. d 3. f 4. c 5. g 6. b 7. a
UNIT 9
PREVIEW
D Understand idioms and expressions

1. e 2. g 3. c 4. a 5. b 6. f 7. d
E Discussion
1. Currently drones are used in situations where it is dangerous for pilots to fly, for example,
to war zones or to put out wildfires. They also cover the news and take incredible
pictures of nature. In the future, drones will likely be used in new areas of environmental
protection and conservation, archeological discoveries, humanitarian work, and farming.
2. Nate is concerned that with thousands of drones flying around, they might crash into
each other, and people are going to get hurt. Also he worries about drone interference
with takeoffs and landings of planes. In my opinion, Nate’s concerns are valid, but I think
once drones become that widespread, necessary measures will be taken to keep them
under control.
LESSON 1: Discuss the feasibility of future technologies

B Discussion
Jobs’s prediction that a lot of people would spend their time interacting with personal
computers came true, as did his prediction that computers would be connected so people
would use them to communicate with each other. In the past decades, computers have
become an integral part of our lives, and we rely on the Internet for communication.
Gates’s prediction that small computer devices would be carried around came true with
the smart phone. He also foresaw the creation of Internet communities based on one’s
interests and to connect with friends and family. Indeed, social networks and a whole array
of online communities have evolved.

Page 29 of 46
D Grammar practice
• Lightweight building materials will be transported from Earth by rockets.
• The inhabitants will be protected from radiation and solar winds by the construction
materials.
• Power for electricity will be supplied by the Sun.
• The Moon’s natural resources will be mined by technicians using robots.
• The costs will be shared by more than one country.
E Grammar practice
Prediction 1: By the end of the 21st century, air travel will have been replaced by high-speed
maglev trains as the preferred means of transportation.
Prediction 2: By the second half of the 21st century, passports for international travel will
have been replaced by alternative methods of identification.
Prediction 3: By 2075, air pilots will have been made obsolete by drone technology.
Prediction 4: By the year 2100, a space hotel with a spectacular view of the Earth will have
been constructed by a private company.
LESSON 2: Evaluate applications of innovative technologies

Innovative technology How it’s being used

1. cloning to create an identical genetic copy of that person
2. computer chip implants to put a tracking device under your skin to prevent identity
theft
3. genetic engineering to put the genes of fish into tomatoes
4. remote surgery to operate on a patient in Tokyo by a doctor in Los Angeles
5. artificial intelligence to decide what move a computer will make next in a chess
game
6. virtual reality to feel like you are walking on Mars
7. nanotechnology to introduce tiny capsules into your arteries to deliver
medicine
C Listen to identify point of view

1. for
2. against
3. for
4. against
5. for
6. for
7. for

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E Grammar practice
1. If chips were implanted in our bodies at birth, it would be more difficult to steal our
identities.
2. If genetic engineering were prohibited, our food would be much safer.
3. If human cloning were permitted, we might have doubles walking around.
4. If the airplane hadn’t been invented in the early 1900s, we would not have had the
opportunity to see so much of the world.
5. If dinosaurs hadn’t been made extinct, the world would not have evolved to where we are
today.
6. If written language had not been developed thousands of years ago, people would have
had to rely on oral communication.
7. If electricity hadn’t been discovered in the seventeenth century, other related discoveries
would not have been made.
LESSON 3: Discuss how to protect our future environment

B Reading
The first part of the reading addresses the threat to California’s huge redwoods. David
Milarch and Leslie Lee, co-founders of a US environmental group called Archangel Ancient
Tree Archive, are turning to cloning these ancient trees. The second part of the reading
addresses the threat to Cambodia’s wild Asian elephants. Tuy Sereivathana has committed
himself to educating farmers who were killing elephants that were destroying farms.
1. b 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. c 6. b
D Draw conclusions
1. Old growth forests play a key role in keeping the earth’s atmosphere clean.
2. Old-growth trees play a key role in keeping the earth’s atmosphere clean. These trees
produce oxygen, which is good for the environment; absorb carbon, which is bad for
the environment; and in some cases even be used in the manufacture of much-needed
medications.
3. Vathana has taught the farmers practical tips to protect their farms from elephants as
well as improve their farming techniques so they would not have to go farther into the
elephants’ habitat.
4. By teaching wildlife conservation in Cambodian schools, Vathana has redeveloped the
cultural pride Cambodians have had in their elephants. He is inspiring future generations
to be the elephants’ protectors.
LESSON 4: Examine future social and demographic trends

B Apply the vocabulary
1. a trend
2. a demographic
3. a rate
4. a statistic

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C Listen to activate vocabulary

3 crime rate rising
4 birthrate falling
X mortality rate
2 literacy rate rising
1 fertility rate falling
4 divorce rate rising
life expectancy
fertility rates
mortality rates
E Listen to infer information
1. more than
2. China
3. lower
4. lower than
5. lower than
WRITING
B Practice
2. Hospitals and medical care are becoming so expensive that more and more people
cannot afford basic care.
3. Fast-food restaurants have made eating a solitary experience.
4. There are several tips that can help one avoid being the victim of crime.
5. Contrary to popular belief, research shows that there are many social and intellectual
benefits to video games.
6. The best places to go on vacation are places where you can rest your body and mind.
REVIEW
A 1. He is excited about artificial intelligence.
2. She doesn’t think remote surgery is a great idea.
3. He’s skeptical about computer chip implants.
4. He’s not bothered by genetic engineering.
B Answers will vary but may include the following:
1. I think drone deliveries will definitely catch on in the future.
2. Renovating our basement opened a can of worms; there were problems behind every
wall we removed.
3. Mark did poorly his first year of university, but he turned things around and is graduating
now with top honors.

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C 1. Statistics
2. population growth
3. birthrate
4. trend
5. mortality rate
6. demographic
D 1. In two years, a new factory will have been designed.
2. The factory is going to be equipped with air filters.
3. Paper, metal, and plastic will be recycled.
4. Waste is going to be treated before it is released into rivers.
5. Energy demands are going to be reduced by 50 percent.
6. Rainwater will be collected and transported to tanks.
7. Excess heat will also be carried from one building to another.
UNIT 10
PREVIEW
D Understand idioms and expressions 1

1. made a decision
2. unfamiliar
3. only kidding
4. give up
E Understand idioms and expressions 2
1. a 2. c 3. b
F Think and explain
1. Paul suggests that Hyo study in Paris since that is his hometown, and ECE Paris has
a top notch engineering program. A benefit would be picking up some French while he
lived there.
2. When Hyo says money talks, he means that in order to continue attracting students from
abroad, the university had to accommodate their language needs.
LESSON 1: React to news about global issues

Conversation 1: a
Conversation 2: b
Conversation 3: a
C Vocabulary practice 1
1. come down with
2. wipe out
3. go without
4. lay off
5. ran out of
6. brought about

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7. put up with
8. come up with
9. carry out
D Vocabulary practice 2
1. wipe out
2. bring about
3. carry out
4. go without
5. put up with
6. come down with
7. run out of
8. came up with
LESSON 2: Describe the impact of foreign imports

Separable phrasal verbs: take up, turn on, give up, throw away, try on, try out, wipe out
1. In any city, people can take tai chi up from China, yoga from India, or capoeira from
Brazil.
2. Every time my kids turn on their tablets or smartphones, I worry.
3. If I were to ask my kids to give up their gadgets, I’d never hear the end of it.
4. Before you throw away the packaging from a food item, read the label—it might say it
comes from the U.S. or Mexico.
5. Try on a blouse at the store—nine times out of ten, it’ll have come from China, Vietnam,
or Bangladesh.
6. Or try out some new product at the electronics store and there’s a good chance it’s
imported from Korea.
7. Some people worry that imports will wipe our local products out.
E Grammar practice
1. taken it up
2. come across them
3. talk them into
4. go after them
5. try them out
6. give them up
LESSON 3: Discuss the pros and cons of globalization

Reading
I share the concerns related to globalization. There is a widening gap between the rich and
the poor, giving an advantage to more developed and more globalized countries. Poorer
countries can’t be left behind, and the environment needs to be given more attention.
1. b 2. c 3. a 4. f 5. e 6. d 7. g

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D Identify supporting ideas

1. Improved: increased number of available products; improvement in the infrastructure
Decreased: loss of jobs to cheaper labor in countries like China and India
2. refuse to use unpaid or child workers in their companies; greater legislation and crack
down on child labor and terrorism
3. manufacturing and customer service jobs and workers on merchant ships
4. Pros: greater choice
Cons: less diversity
E Interpret information in a graph
According to the graph, countries that are more globalized enjoy the most economic growth.
Countries that are less globalized suffer from economic decline.
LESSON 4: Suggest ways to avoid culture shock

B Listen to summarize
Stage one: The honeymoon stage. Everything is new and exciting.
Stage two: The frustration stage. Things about the new culture start to bother you,
especially things that are very different from your home country. You realize how different
you are from the people in the new country.
Stage three: The depression stage. You don’t know if you can actually adjust to the new
culture. You may feel sad a lot of the time. Some people can’t sleep and feel lonely and
even angry.
Stage four: The acceptance stage. You accept the differences in the culture, weather,
people, and language. You’ve probably made some friends and learned the language.
C Listen to confirm information
1. the traffic, the money
2. disappointment, sadness, lonliness
3. dressing right for cold weather, making friends, appreciating cultural differences
D Listen to understand meaning from context
1. a 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. a
WRITING
B Practice
1. According to the article, globalization has brought the world’s cultures and economies
together.
2. People on opposite sides of the world can easily get in touch via phone or Internet.
3. It may be true that increased imports and exports have brought about economic benefits.
4. It has been argued that the developed countries enjoy the most benefits of globalization.
5. Critics complain that globalization has led to a homogenization of culture.

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C Practice
1. All the same, not all cultures and economies enjoyed the same growth and benefits.
2. However, not all people have access to this technology.
3. In spite of this, criminal activities have flourished as free trade has made the world so
competitive.
4. Nevertheless, even in developed countries workers suffer as their jobs get outsourced to
other countries where the jobs will be performed for a fraction of the cost.
5. Even so, people appear to enjoy the wider variety of choices available to them when they
shop.
REVIEW
A Report 1: a
Report 2: b
Report 3: b
B 1. out
2. about
3. out
4. out . . . on
5. up
6. off
7. out
8. up
C 2. We’re trying to go without them.
3. They voted to give them up.
4. Falling profits forced the factory owner to lay them off.
5. Just turn it on and you’ll see news and films from all over the world.
6. I talked them into buying tickets for the U2 concert.
7. Manufacturers of luxury products cater to them.
8. If you take it up, you’ll probably be in great shape.
GRAMMAR BOOSTER
UNIT 1
A Corrections are underlined.

1. Florence had been walking for several hours before she realized that her wallet was
missing.
2. As a child, he would practice OR used to practice the piano for hours every day. Then he
stopped taking lessons.
3. “I saw that movie last year, and I thought it was great,” Frank exclaimed.
4. Before this morning, I had never taken a yoga class.
5. He had been working on the problem all morning when he finally found the solution.
5. My husband believed he would never get married, but then he met me.

Page 36 of 46
B 1. (non-action) / doubts
2. (non-action) / have
3. (action) / is thinking
4. (action) are having
5. (non-action) / doesn’t remember
6. (non-action) / includes
7. (action) / is seeing
UNIT 2
A 1. who
2. in which
3. whose
4. whom
5. when
6. who
7. which
B 1. one of which
2. each of whom
3. all of whom
4. both of which
5. neither of whom
C 1. Daniel Craig and Rachel Weisz, two of the U.K.’s best-known movie actors, do charity
work with underprivileged teens.
2. Philanthropy, the act of giving time and money to help others, can be very time-
consuming.
3. Executives failing to accept responsibility for their mistakes risk losing the trust of their
employees.
4. The United Nations, hosting a number of humanitarian organizations, invited Angelina
Jolie to be a goodwill ambassador to countries in need of assistance.
5. Truthfulness, believed to be taught to us by our parents, develops in children from a very
young age.
D 2. Telling a white lie, the type of lie we tell to protect others, can still get us into big trouble.
3. My mother, the only person I know who is unable to tell a lie, taught me a lot about how
to be honest.
4. My brother, a man of great compassion, frequently volunteers in a hospital.
5. A lot of money was raised at last night’s concert, the biggest charity event of the year.
UNIT 3
A 1. I can’t remember whether there is going to be a late show.
2. We’re not sure whether it was John or Bill who found the wallet.
3. Could you tell me if the movie is going to start soon?
4. I wonder if the traffic will be bad at this hour.
5. Would she like to know if there is a possibility of getting a seat on the plane?
6. Do you know whether this movie has a good cast?

Page 37 of 46
B 1. Please let me know when you expect to arrive.

2. I wonder where your parents were when the earthquake occurred.
3. Can you tell me how you know that?
4. We’re not sure where we can buy flowers to take to the hostess of the dinner party.
5. They’d like to understand why you don’t just call the restaurant for reservations.
6. Please tell us what time the performance begins.
C 1. Please tell me what you usually say when you feel frustrated.
2. Can you remind me what day the party is?
3. Could you explain how you made this omelet?
4. Tell me what your favorite color is.
5. I wonder what they should do.
6. Do you think something is wrong?
D 1. a game of tennis
2. drops of rain
3. pieces of clothing
4. a loaf of bread
5. a bowl of rice
E 1. act
2. sense
3. piece / bar
4. state
5. piece
6. glass
UNIT 4
A Answers will vary but may include the following:
1. a. While John is a bit of a perfectionist, his brothers are pretty easygoing.
b. John is a bit of a perfectionist; in contrast, his brothers are pretty easygoing.
2. a. Although Nicole has always struggled with being disorganized, she has made a lot of
progress recently.
b. Nicole has always struggled with being disorganized; despite that, she has made a lot
of progress recently.
3. a. My boss tends to be very negative in addition to getting angry too quickly.
b. My boss tends to be very negative; furthermore, he gets angry too quickly.
4. a. Unless I stop procrastinating, I won’t ever finish the class assignment on time.
b. I need to stop procrastinating; otherwise, I won’t ever finish the class assignment on time.
5. a. Now that Carla has been trying not to be so controlling at work, she gets along better
with her colleagues.
b. Carla has been trying not to be so controlling at work; as a result, she gets along
better with her colleagues.
B 1. what I’m excited about is
2. what I thought was
3. What I said was that
4. What he meant was that
5. what I should be eating is

Page 38 of 46
C 1. It’s cleaning the cage that’s a lot of work.

2. It was her sister who wrote the song.
3. It’s usually at 5:00 that it’s bad.
4. It’s because I added nuts that they’re so good.
5. It’s at the bus stop where we’re supposed to meet him.
UNIT 5
A 1. Marian advised Claire to turn the TV on at 9:00 because there was a funny movie on.
2. Dr. Baker advised his patient not to let emotional tension make him sick.
3. She told me to be a good sport and laugh about it.
4. Fred instructed his son not to laugh at that joke because it was disgusting.
5. An old saying advises us to laugh first, cry later.
6. Lucas told us to never touch the green button on the printer.
7. Mr. Franklin’s neighbor told him to take the penguin to the zoo the next day.
8. Nick said not to ask how the meeting had gone.
B 1. Maria said Jack’s cartoon was great and that his drawing was so funny. Jack answered
that Maria’s was hilarious, too, and that it really cracked him up.
2. Katherine said that she was not sure if that tablet was Allison’s. Allison replied that it was
definitely hers and thanked Katherine.
3. Richard said that his paper on the health benefits of humor had just been published in
a medical journal. I told him that I was happy for him and would appreciate it if he could
give me a copy.
4. Kim told Ben that she had bought a new MP3 player last week. Ben said that he knew
because he had seen it on her desk. He thought it looked much better than her old one.
5. Sam said that he had gotten a lot of articles about humor on the Internet last weekend.
Piri said that that was great. He asked Sam if he would let him read them when he had
finished them.
C 1. asked
2. said
3. told
4. said
5. told
6. asked
D 1. The Bangkok Post reports that the president of Chile will be visiting Thailand next month.
2. The minister of education stated yesterday that major improvements had been made in
schools across the country.
3. The secretary of the UN claims that more should be done to alleviate world hunger.
4. The scientists who conducted the study implied that more research would have to be
conducted.
5. The children who wrote on the walls promised that they wouldn’t do it again.
6. The BBC mentioned that it would increase its coverage of the news in the Middle East.

Page 39 of 46
UNIT 6
A 1. does
2. boils
3. should
4. happen to
5. hadn’t been
6. had known
7. will definitely hear
8. had
9. had practiced
10. should happen to
UNIT 7
A Corrections are underlined.
Homes are expensive these days, but Peter got lucky and bought a small house last week.
The house has two bedrooms and one bathroom. It also has a large kitchen and a living
room. Peter will use the living room as his home office. The bedrooms are in bad condition,
and Peter will need help painting them. Then he wants to have a party so his friends can
admire the house. Later Peter will buy furniture – when he saves some money!
B 1. the first men
2. the world
3. ballooning
4. gasoline
5. the wealthy
6. Tourists
7. The view
8. the sky
C 1. a. X
b. a
2. a. a
b. X
3. a. X
b. a
4. a. a
b. X
D 1. Flying isn’t believed to be as safe as driving.
2. The driver was reported to be talking on his phone when he crashed into the back of that
van.
3. The tour is said to be overpriced by everyone, but it was thought to be fair by others.
4. The article was said to be a lie, but it turned out to be perfectly true.

Page 40 of 46
UNIT 8
A 1. I do think about it
2. I do express myself
3. you should apply
4. You do have to take
5. She’d better hurry
6. I would like to meet
7. I’ve already had
B 1. It’s crucial for you to practice feng shui.
2. The article suggests carrying lucky charms.
3. The manager recommended finishing the project fast.
4. It’s important for us to get enough sleep every night.
5. The directions advise you to add salt.
6. It’s necessary for her to arrive at the theater by 4:00 p.m.
UNIT 9
A 1. The museum was built in less than six months.
2. Passports must be presented at the border.
3. First, the design for the new product is perfected. Then, the prototype is built. Next, the
prototype is tested. After the design is approved, production is begun.
4. The sum of eighty-five dollars has been credited to your VISTA account.
5. The official was exposed for taking bribes by a reporter, whose investigation uncovered
many shocking facts and a pattern of corrupt behavior.
UNIT 10
A 1. The meeting has to be called off.
2. The client was talked into a better deal.
3. The mistake was covered up.
4. The children were dropped off in front of the school.
5. The form was filled out incorrectly.
6. The balance was paid off last month.
7. The document was thrown away.
8. Pamphlets were handed out at the end of the presentation.
B 1. (transitive) / blew up
2. (intransitive) / blew up
3. (intransitive) / give up
4. (transitive) / give up
5. (intransitive) / wake up
6. (transitive) / wake up
7. (intransitive) / works out
8. (transitive) / work out

Page 41 of 46
PRONUNCIATION BOOSTER
UNIT 1
C 1. It was very difficult for Dan to hide his disappointment.

2. He was rejected by two law schools.
3. What does he plan to do now?
4. He just accepted a position teaching math at the university.
5. MediLabs has an opening for a junior lab specialist.
D 1. travel
2. started
3. tourism
4. change
5. year
6. flight
7. job
UNIT 3
B 1. I’m learning to sail my ship.
2. They had sent an SOS text message from a cell phone to a friend in London.
3. They got several messages telling them to be strong.
4. The helicopters had been unable to take off because of the severe weather.
5. You ought to tell your brother that you can’t talk to him right now.
6. Don’t let it get to you.
7. I’m going to refuse to give up.
8. We have to keep trying, no matter how tired we are.
UNIT 6
C 1. / ɪd /
2. / t /
3. / d /
4. / d /
5. / d /
6. / d /
7. / t /
8. / ɪd /
9. / t /
10. / d /
11. / ɪd /
12. / d /
13. / ɪd /
14. / t /
15. / ɪd /
16. / d /

Page 42 of 46
UNIT 10
B. 1. Anticipates agreement
2. Anticipates agreement
4. Expects an answer
TEST-TAKING SKILLS BOOSTER
UNIT 1
READING COMPLETION
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. B
11. D 12. D 13. C
LISTENING COMPLETION
1. find her phone
2. when
3. last
4. to text
5. in the car
6. driving
7. reckless
8. sent the text
9. in the parking garage
10. the phone
UNIT 2
READING COMPLETION
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. C
1. critics
2. trouble
3. self-centered
4. learn about
5. pay their own
6. treatment
7. false impression
8. helpless
9. ignore
10. corruption

Page 43 of 46
UNIT 3
READING COMPLETION
1. B 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. C
11. B 12. A 13. D
1. tour guide
2. home to
3. from a trip to
4. to land
5. one month
6. apart
7. fire
8. crashed
9. for help
10. as many as
11. right mind
UNIT 4
READING COMPLETION
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B
A 1. overwhelmed
2. disorganized
3. find them
4. have anyone over
5. organized
6. go through
7. throw away
B 8. temper
9. work
10. kids
11. yelling
12. taking
13. anger management
14. aerobics
15. let go of
UNIT 5
READING COMPLETION
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C

Page 44 of 46
1. play practical jokes
2. cheap
3. a bargain
4. the manager
5. prepare
6. in advance
7. a friend
8. serve
9. the check came
10. next day
11. look really stupid
UNIT 6
READING COMPLETION
1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. D
11. A 12. D 13. B
1. the baggage carousel
2. the carousel stops
3. connecting flight
4. the wrong destination
5. missing luggage counter
6. arrive on the next flight
7. your local address
8. lost
9. destroyed
10. sales receipts
11. the full amount
UNIT 7
READING COMPLETION
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. D
11. A 12. D 13. C
A 1. to make big money
2. too good to be true
3. names and addresses
4. ten dollars
5. your name
6. starts
7. obvious

Page 45 of 46
B 8. a method
9. sleeping / asleep
10. impossible
11. be so sure
12. students
13. learned
UNIT 8
READING COMPLETION
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. B
1. the environment
2. gifted
3. opposite
4. exist
5. passed on
6. theory
7. mathematical genius
8. poor village
9. no training
10. born with
UNIT 9
READING COMPLETION
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. A
1. stabilized
2. increased
3. falling
4. continuing shift
5. high-income
6. seniors
7. twice as many
8. increase by two-thirds
9. education
10. health care
11. food
UNIT 10
READING COMPLETION
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. D

Page 46 of 46
A 1. developing countries
2. developed countries
3. consumption
4. negative impact
5. be threatened
B 6. 44
7. social and economic
8. standard of living
9. working conditions
10. rich and the poor
11. globalization


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What are some of the main career and study plans discussed in the document?

What are some of the main career and study plans discussed in the document?

What are some of the dreams and goals compared in the document?

What are some of the dreams and goals compared in the document?

Page 1 of 46

Student’s Book Answer Key

LESSON 1: Ask about someone’s background

Summit 2, Third Edition

LESSON 2: Discuss career and study plans

Summit 2, Third Edition

LESSON 3: Compare your dreams and goals in life

LESSON 4: Describe job qualifications

Summit 2, Third Edition

Summit 2, Third Edition

F Understanding idioms and expressions 1

LESSON 1: Describe the consequences of lying

Summit 2, Third Edition

G Understand the grammar

LESSON 2: Express regret and take responsibility

LESSON 3: Explore where values come from

Summit 2, Third Edition

D Classify vocabulary using context

LESSON 4: Discuss how to best help others

Summit 2, Third Edition

Summit 2, Third Edition

E Understand idioms and expressions

LESSON 1: Express frustration, empathy, and encouragement

LESSON 2: Describe how fear affects you physically

LESSON 3: Discuss overcoming handicaps and hardships

Summit 2, Third Edition

C Understand meaning from context

Ways in which they helped Matlin

LESSON 4: Examine the nature of heroism

Summit 2, Third Edition

Summit 2, Third Edition

F Understand idioms and expressions

LESSON 1: Discuss how to overcome shortcomings

LESSON 2: Acknowledge inconsiderate behavior

Summit 2, Third Edition

LESSON 3: Explain how you handle anger

LESSON 4: Explore the qualities of friendship

Summit 2, Third Edition

E Understand idioms and expressions

LESSON 1: Discuss the health benefits of laughter

Summit 2, Third Edition

LESSON 2: Respond to something funny

LESSON 3: Analyze what makes us laugh

Summit 2, Third Edition

D Listen to apply ideas

LESSON 4: Explore the limits of humor

Summit 2, Third Edition

Summit 2, Third Edition

LESSON 1: Describe some causes of travel hassles

Summit 2, Third Edition

LESSON 2: Express gratitude for a favor while traveling

LESSON 3: Discuss staying safe on the Internet

Summit 2, Third Edition

LESSON 4: Talk about lost, stolen, or damaged property

Summit 2, Third Edition