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    To Design Low Pass Butterworth Filter

    Uploaded by

    Samira Tasnim
    The document describes designing and testing a first-order low-pass Butterworth filter. It explains that a Butterworth filter aims to have as flat of a frequency response as possible up to the cut-off frequency, after which it rolls off at 20dB per decade. The experiment involves building a circuit with the filter and measuring its frequency response to examine how the components affect the response. Equipment used includes an oscilloscope, function generator, and resistors and capacitors to build the filter circuit.

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    To Design Low Pass Butterworth Filter

    Uploaded by

    Samira Tasnim
    85 views4 pages
    The document describes designing and testing a first-order low-pass Butterworth filter. It explains that a Butterworth filter aims to have as flat of a frequency response as possible up to the cut-off frequency, after which it rolls off at 20dB per decade. The experiment involves building a circuit with the filter and measuring its frequency response to examine how the components affect the response. Equipment used includes an oscilloscope, function generator, and resistors and capacitors to build the filter circuit.

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    To design low pass Butterworth Filter

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    The document describes designing and testing a first-order low-pass Butterworth filter. It explains that a Butterworth filter aims to have as flat of a frequency response as possible up to the cut-off frequency, after which it rolls off at 20dB per decade. The experiment involves building a circuit with the filter and measuring its frequency response to examine how the components affect the response. Equipment used includes an oscilloscope, function generator, and resistors and capacitors to build the filter circuit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    85 views4 pages

    To Design Low Pass Butterworth Filter

    Uploaded by

    Samira Tasnim
    The document describes designing and testing a first-order low-pass Butterworth filter. It explains that a Butterworth filter aims to have as flat of a frequency response as possible up to the cut-off frequency, after which it rolls off at 20dB per decade. The experiment involves building a circuit with the filter and measuring its frequency response to examine how the components affect the response. Equipment used includes an oscilloscope, function generator, and resistors and capacitors to build the filter circuit.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The key takeaways are that the experiment aims to design a first order low pass Butterworth filter and examine the effect of varying circuit components on its frequency response.

    The purpose of the experiment is to design a first order low pass Butterworth filter and obtain the frequency response of the filter.

    A first order low pass Butterworth filter is being designed.

    Objective:

    The purpose of this experiment is to design a first order low pass


    Butterworth Filter and obtain the frequency response of the filter and examine
    the effect of the variation of the circuit components.

    Theory:
    The frequency response of the Butterworth Filter approximation function is also
    often referred to as “maximally flat” response because the pass band is designed
    to have a frequency response which is as flat as mathematically possible from 0
    Hz until the cut-off frequency at -3 dB with no ripples. Higher frequencies beyond
    the cut-off point rolls-off down to zero in the stop band at 20dB / decade or 6
    dB/octave. This is because it has a “quality factor”, “Q” of just 0.70%.

    However one main disadvantage of the Butterworth filter is that it achieves this
    pass band flatness at the expense of a wide transition band as the filter changes
    from the pass band to the stop band. It also has poor phase characteristics as
    well. The ideal frequency response, referred to as a “brick wall” filter, and the
    standard Butterworth approximations, for different filter orders are given below.

    Ideal Frequency Response for a Butterworth Filter:


    The higher the Butterworth filter order, the higher the number of cascaded stages
    there are within the filter design and the closer the filter becomes to the ideal
    “brick wall” response.

    In practice however Butterworth’s ideal frequency response is unattainable as it


    produces excessive passband ripple.

    Our circuit of the first –order low pass Butterworth Filter with a cut-off corner
    frequency of 1020 Hz.

    Equipment and Accessories :


    1. Oscilloscope
    2. Function generator
    3. Multimeter
    4. Resistance R1=10K, R2=10K, R3=15.9K, C=0.01𝜇F, and op-amp-741
    5. AC voltmeter
    6. Trainer board

    Circuit Diagram:
    Fig: Low pass first order Butterworth filter
    Calculation:

    Vin f VO DB(20log 𝑽𝒊𝒏)


    𝑽𝒊𝒏
    Gain( )
    𝑽
    𝑽𝑶 𝑶
    8 60 16 2 6.02
    8 100 16 2 6.02
    8 200 16 2 6.02
    8 400 14 1.75 4.87
    8 600 13 1.625 4.22
    8 800 12 1.5 3.52
    8 1000 11 1.375 2.77
    8 1200 10 1.25 1.94
    8 1500 8 1 0
    8 2000 7 0.875 -1.16
    8 4000 4 0.5 -6.02
    8 6000 3 0.375 -8.52
    8 8000 2 0.25 -12.04
    8 10000 1 0.125 -18.06
    8 15000 1 0.125 -18.06
    Expected Graph:

    10

    0
    60 100 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1500 2000 4000 6000 8000 1000015000
    -5

    -10

    -15

    -20 Gain dB

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