SECTION 05100

STRUCTURAL STEEL

PART 1 – GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including Contract Particulars and other
Schedules, and Division 01 specification Sections, apply to this Section.

B. Employers Requirements: Contractor Estidama Requirements.

1.2 SCOPE

The work covered by this Section shall include all labor, material, equipment, permits,
engineering and other services necessary for the fabrication and installation of structural
steel and related work, complete, in accordance with the drawings and as specified herein.

The work specifically includes lifting beams in cores, guide rail support and links beams.

1.3 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED IN OTHER SECTIONS

Concrete Section 03300

Metal Fabrications Section 05500

Painting Section 09910

1.4 CODES AND STANDARDS

C. Building Code: Structural steel work shall conform to the requirements of the Building Code
identified on the Structural General Notes, except where more stringent conditions or criteria
occur in the standards referenced below and on the drawings.

D. Standards:

1. American Institute of Steel Construction (ANSI/AISC 360) "Specification for Structural

Steel Buildings" per Structural General Notes.
2. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC 303-05), "Code of Standard Practice",
March 18, 2005, shall apply except:

a. The last sentence of the last paragraph of item 3.1.2 shall be revised from
“Afor approval.” to read “Afor review; the Contractor shall be professionally
responsible for connections they design.”

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 1
 b. Item 3.6 shall be deleted.
c. Item 4.4 shall be deleted, and replaced with the requirements of the project
specification.
d. The second paragraph of 7.10.3 shall be revised from “A Employer’s
Designated Representative for Design and Construction” to “Engineer or as
indicated in the Contract Documents”
e. The last sentence of items 8.5.2 and 8.5.4 shall be deleted.
f. Item 8.5.3 shall be deleted. Where a conflict exists between the Code of
Standard Practice and the Contract Documents, the Contract Documents shall
govern.

3. American Welding Society, AWS D1.1-06, "Structural Welding Code".

4. Research Council on Structural Connections (RCSC) - "Specification for Structural
Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts", (June 30, 2004).
5. American Society for Testing and Materials "ASTM Standards in Building Codes",
various standards as referenced herein, latest edition.
6. The Society for Protective Coatings (formerly Steel Structures Painting Council,
“SSPC”) "Steel Structures Painting Manual", (2005).

1.5 CONTRACTOR’S QUALIFICATIONS

A. The term “Contractor” refers to any or all of the following parties: Contractor’s structural
steel fabricator, Contractors structural steel detailer, Contractor’s structural steel erector and
Contractor’s structural engineer.

B. Qualification Data: Submit qualification data (personnel and firm resumes, and project lists
with references) for the Contractor’s fabricator, detailer, Contractor’s structural engineer and
erector.

C. The Contractor’s fabricator shall have 10 years of comparable experience in installations of

this type and shall employ labor and supervisory personnel familiar with the type of
installation, experienced in fabrication and erection of structural steel for projects of similar
size and complexity. The Contractor’s fabricator shall be AISC certified to the Standard for
Steel Building Structures (STD), or equivalent, and must submit proof of these qualifications.
The Contractor’s fabricator’s qualifications shall be subject to review by the Engineer.

D. The Contractor’s fabricator shall have particular experience in fabrication of large, welded,
built-up sections, long span trusses.

E. The Contractor’s detailer shall have 10 years experience preparing detailed steel shop
drawings and CNC downloads for structures of this type and complexity. The Contractors
detailer’s qualifications shall be subject to review by the Engineer.

F. The Contractor’s structural engineer(s) shall be qualified to perform the type of work
required by the project. The Contractors structural engineer(s) shall be a Licensed
Professional/Structural Engineer, and shall have 10 years of experience being in responsible
charge of work of this nature. The Contractor’s structural engineer(s) shall be subject to
approval of Engineer.

G. The Contractor’s erector shall have 10 years of successful experience erecting structural
steel for structures of this type and complexity in the region of the project. The Contractor’s
erector shall be an AISC Certified Steel Erector (CSE) or equivalent, and must submit
documentation of this qualification.

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 2
 H. Welding: Qualify the welding procedures, shop welders, field welders, welding operators
and tackers in accordance with AWS D1.1 and for the following periods of effectiveness of
certification:

1. Certification of welding personnel shall be less than six months old at

commencement of welding on this project. Certification shall remain in effect for
duration of work provided welders are continuously engaged in performing the type of
welding for which they are certified, unless welders fail to perform acceptable
welding, as determined by the Testing Agency. Certification and re-certification of
welding personnel is subject to verification by the Testing Agency. Re-testing for re-
certification will be the Contractor's responsibility.

1.6 SUBMITTALS

1. Calculations, Shop Drawings and Erection Drawings (including Field Work

drawings): Submit required connection calculations, shop drawings and erection
drawings for all structural steel indicated on the Contract Documents.

a. Material shall not be fabricated or delivered before the shop and erection
drawings have been approved or approved as noted by the Engineer and
returned to the Contractor.
b. Connection design calculations: Calculations are required for all details that are
not indicated on the drawings as “Completely Designed.” Each calculation
package shall be signed and sealed by the Contractor’s structural engineer.
c. Structural Steel Shop Drawings: Submitted shop drawings shall include
layouts and details for each member showing the steel type and grade, size,
connections, cuts, copes, holes, bolts, welds, surface treatments (cleaning,
shop paint, etc.) and provisions for the connection of other work. Steel type,
grade and size for all attached elements shall also be shown.
d. Shop and erection drawings shall contain complete dimensional and geometric
information, based on established dimensions shown on contract documents,
and shall not be scaled from contract documents. The shop drawings shall
clearly distinguish between shop and field welds and bolts, identify pre-
tensioned high strength bolts and identify surface preparation requirements at
slip critical connections.
e. Welds: All welds shall be indicated by standard welding symbols in the
"Standard Code for Arc and Gas Welding in Building Construction" or as
accepted by the Engineer. Shop and erection drawings shall show the size,
length, and type of each weld, including the electrode type to be used.
f. Bolts: Details for bolt assemblies shall indicate bolt size, length, type and the
presence, type and location of washers where required as part of the
assembly; distinguish between N and X bolts, distinguish between slip-critical
and bearing bolts; and distinguish between shop and field bolts.
g. Erection Drawings: The erection drawings shall include plans showing exact
locations of base and bearing plates, and/or anchor rods and other embedded
items. All field connections not specifically shown on shop drawings shall be
shown on erection drawings, including field bolt size, type, number, location
and any special installation requirements, and field weld size, type, length and
location.

2. Preconstruction Survey: Submit for record. Where interface with existing

construction occurs, before related shop drawings are prepared survey the existing
construction and submit the survey prepared by a professional surveyor employed by

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 3
 the Contractor to the Engineer. For all steel construction, before steel erection
commences, perform and submit to the Engineer a complete survey for position and
alignment at all points where construction by other trades will support steel elements,
including but not limited to pockets, embedded plates, anchor rods and base plates.
Include plan location positions relative to the building gridlines, and elevations of
bearing surfaces and tops of bolts relative to building Datum elevation.
3. Erection Procedure: Submit a steel erection procedure, prepared under the
supervision of the Contractor's structural engineer, for review by the Engineer. The
review by Engineer shall only be for the effects of the steel erection procedures on
the final structure. This erection procedure shall, as a minimum, meet requirements
outlined on the Contract Documents and shall bear the seal and signature of the
Contractor's structural engineer. No deviation from the approved procedure will be
permitted without prior written approval by the Engineer.
4. Quality Control Program: Submit for record complete details of the Contractor's
quality control program including the names of the personnel responsible for this
work.
5. Product Data: Submit manufacturers' specifications, test reports and applicable
standards for all products listed under Part 2: Products. Standard literature shall be
edited to suit job conditions.
6. Samples: Submit (2) samples each, (2) of shop painted products and (2) of field
touch-up painted products.
7. Welding Procedures: Submit for record written welding procedures for all AWS
D1.1 prequalified joints, and qualification procedures for all joints not prequalified by
Section 2 of AWS D1.1. Submit written welding procedures developed by Contractor
for heavy shapes and High Restraint Welds described in this specification. Use the
forms in AWS D1.1, Annex E. Submit all welding and qualification procedures to the
Testing Agency for approval before submitting to the Engineer.
8. Welder Certification: Submit for record certification that the welders have passed
qualification tests acceptable under Applicable Laws using AWS procedures.

a. A certification shall be submitted in standard AWS format.

b. Each certification shall state that the welder has been doing satisfactory
welding of the required type within the six-month period prior to the subject
work.
c. For any welder whose period of certification effectiveness has lapsed or whose
workmanship is subject to question in the opinion of the Engineer or Testing
Agency, immediate testing for recertification will be required. Tests, when
required, shall be conducted at the sole expense of the Contractor.

9. Mill Reports: Submit for record certified copies of all mill reports, two (2) to the
Engineer and one (1) to the Testing Agency, covering the chemical and physical
properties of all structural steel and accessories (as defined in this specification) for
the project. Where required on the Contract Documents or by the AISC Code,
reports shall include results of Charpy V-notch tests.

a. Such certificates shall be obtained from the mills producing the steel and shall
certify in a cover letter submitted with the certificates, that the steel meets the
minimum requirements as to physical properties, inspection, marking and tests
for structural steel as defined by the current edition of the relevant ASTM
Standard Specifications. Any steel that does not meet the ASTM requirements
must be clearly identified in a cover letter submitted with the certificates.
b. Prior to commencing steel erection, the Contractor shall deliver certificates to
the Engineer in number and form as may be required under Applicable Laws.

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 4
 10. As-Built Surveys: Execute and submit for record a comprehensive survey of steel
structure at each level adequate to assess if the structure has been built within the
tolerances specified in the Contract Documents. Each certified survey, performed by
a professional surveyor employed by the Contractor, shall be submitted to the
Contractor for their approval before proceeding to the next stage of erection. If
deviations from the tolerances are discovered, the Contractor shall present corrective
measures to the Engineer within 48 hours of completion of that stage of erection.
Upon completion of steel erection, submit the complete package of steel surveys for
record to the Engineer.

1.7 TEMPORARY SUPPORT OF STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAME

A. The structure as shown on the Contract Documents is designed to withstand the design
loads only when all structural elements are installed and fully connected. The Contractor
shall be responsible for the analysis of all components and assemblies for stresses and
displacements that may be imposed by fabrication, shipping, handling, erection, temporary
conditions, construction loads, etc. The analysis of such shall be performed by the
Contractor.

1.8 STORAGE AND DELIVERY

A. Delivery: Unload all structural steel promptly upon arrival and store in an area designated
and approved by the Engineer at the site of the work. The Contractor shall be responsible
for any charges from failure to unload material promptly.

B. Storage: Store structural steel to drain properly. Provide weep holes and clean out as
required to keep steel free from water. Provide adequate protection and shoring to prevent
distortion and other damage. Store structural steel on timber; do not lay on mud, directly on
ground or cinders, or otherwise handle in a manner that damages finishes. Stored sections
shall be readily accessible for inspection.

C. Store fasteners in a protected place.

D. Welding materials to be in moisture resistant, undamaged package. Maintain packages

effectively sealed until electrode is required for use. Storage and handling shall be per AWS
D1.1.

1.9 PRE-ERECTION CONFERENCE:

A. At least 28 days prior to the commencing of steel erection the Contractor shall hold a
meeting to review the detailed requirements of the steel erection.

B. The Contractor shall prepare an agenda and require responsible representatives of every
party who is concerned with the steel erection to attend the conference, including but not
limited to the following:

1. Contractor
2. Contractor’s steel erector / steel fabricator
3. Contractor’s erector’s surveyor
4. Contractor’s testing and inspection agencies
5. Contractor’s engineer

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 5
 C. The minutes shall include a detailed outline of the erection procedure including a schedule
of milestone dates for surveys and sign-offs on erection stages which represents an
agreement reached by all parties involved. It shall also include the surveying program and
submission schedule for approval.

D. Notwithstanding any provision of the Specification, the Engineer shall not be responsible for
and not have charge over any safety programs or precautions at the site of the Project.

1.10 QUALITY ASSURANCE BY TESTING AGENCY

A. Quality assurance is testing and inspection to assist the Engineer in evaluating the
Contractor's performance in the fabrication shop and field. It is not a substitute for the
testing and inspection which is required as part of the Contractor's quality control program
(see the following section on quality control).

B. Cost: Except as specifically noted otherwise, the Testing Agencies for quality assurance
shall be engaged and paid by the Contractor.

C. Coordination with Testing Agency: The Contractor shall have sole responsibility for coor-
dinating their work with the Testing Agency to assure that all test and inspection procedures
required by the Contract Documents and Applicable Laws are provided. The Contractor
shall cooperate fully with the Testing Agencies in the performance of their work and shall
provide the following:

1. Information as to time and place of starting shop fabrication and a field construction
and erection schedule, 7 days prior to the beginning of the work
2. Site File: At least one copy of each approved shop drawing shall be kept available in
the Contractor’s field office and the drawings not bearing evidence of approval and
release for construction by the Engineer shall not be kept on the job. Provide
drawings for the work to be performed in the shop or field 7 days prior to the start of
work.
3. Representative sample pieces requested by the inspection agency for testing, if
necessary
4. Full and ample means of assistance for testing and inspection of material
5. Proper facilities, including scaffolding, temporary work platforms, safety equipment
etc., for inspection of the work in shop and field

D. Duties of the Testing Agencies:

1. Reports: The Testing Agency shall prepare daily reports of the structural steel work
including progress and description/area of work, tests made and results. Reports of
inspection of welding shall include deficiencies noted and corrections made, and
other items pertinent to acceptance or rejection of the work. The reports shall state
whether specimens comply with or deviate from contract requirements. The daily
reports shall be collected and delivered to the Engineer weekly.
2. Rejection: The Testing Agency has the right to reject any material, at any time, when
it is determined that the material or workmanship does not conform to the Contract
Documents. The Testing Agency shall report deficiencies to Engineer, and
Contractor immediately.
3. Structural steel work and general testing requirements: The Testing Agency shall
perform the following shop and field inspections in addition to any other inspections

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 6
 enumerated above or specified on the Contract Documents:

a. Shop inspection of steel shall include alignment and straightness of members,

camber, preparation for connections, dimensional checks, testing of shop bolts,
witnessing of welding procedures, testing of cuts, weld access holes and copes
of heavy shapes as defined in this specification, examination and testing of
completed welds, headed studs and deformed bar anchors, cutting of heavy
shapes, finishing of column ends, cleaning, painting and storage of material.
All shop fabrication shall be inspected in the shop.
b. Field inspection of steel shall include connections, proper tensioning of bolts,
levelness, plumbness and alignment of the frame, conformance to AWS
welding methods, examination of surface before welding, examination and
testing of completed welds, headed studs and deformed bar anchors and field
painting, including touch-up.
c. Check qualifications of the following:

(1) Shop welding procedures and personnel

(2) Shop stud welding setup and operators
(3) Shop bolting procedure and crew

d. Where testing is required for less than 100% of locations, select test locations
at random and throughout the project.
e. Review mill certifications for compliance with the Contract Documents.

4. High Strength Bolting: The Testing Agency inspector shall inspect high strength
bolted construction in accordance with RCSC "Specification for Structural Joints
using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts," including but not limited to:

a. Surface preparation and bolt type conforms to plans and specifications prior to
start of bolting operations.
b. Proper bolt storage and handling procedures are being followed.
c. Visually inspect all bolted connections.
d. For all bolted connections that are indicated as snug tight, connections are
properly compacted and brought to the snug tight condition progressing
outward from the most rigid part.
e. For all bolted connections that are indicated as pre-tensioned or slip critical,
pre-installation verification testing is performed by the inspector in cooperation
with the contractor in accordance with RCSC section 9.2 and section 7.
f. For all bolted connections that are indicated as pre-tensioned or slip critical,
through routine observation, as defined in RCSC 9.2.1, 9.2.3 or 9.2.4, that the
pre-tensioning methods of RCSC 8.2.1, 8.2.3, or 8.2.4, as appropriate, are
performed.

(1) "Routine observation" is defined as observation of 10 bolts for every

100 bolts with a minimum of 2 bolts per connection.

g. Retest bolted connections that fail initial inspection after correction.

5. Welding:

a. Review of submittals: Welding procedures including prequalification,

qualifications test and, for heavy shapes and high restraint welds, the welding
procedure prepared by the Contractor.
b. Full penetration welds: Test all full penetration welds for soundness by means

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 7
 of either radiographic or ultrasonic testing in accordance with AWS D1.1 and
ASTM E164 procedures. All flaws in plate or flange material revealed during
such tests shall be repaired by the Contractor at the Contractor's expense.
c. Partial penetration welds: Test all partial penetration welds for soundness by
means of visual and magnetic particle inspection, unless other methods are
specified in the Contract Documents. All flaws in plate or flange material
revealed during such tests shall be repaired by the Contractor at the
Contractor's expense.
d. Testing of welds at heavy shapes and high restraint welds shall be performed
not less than 48 hours after the weld has been completed.
e. Fillet welds: Visually inspect all fillet welds. In addition test ten percent (10%)
of all fillet welds per connection using a non-destructive method, such as dye
penetrant or magnetic particle. Select test locations randomly throughout the
structure. If, in the opinion of the Engineer and Testing Agency this testing
discloses a large ratio (10% or more) of unacceptable welds, the required
percentage of tested welds may be increased by the Engineer to 100%, all at
the Contractor's expense.
f. Inspection and Testing by the Testing Agency of high restraint welds and
where Heavy Shapes are to be joined by partial or full penetration welds in
tension:

(1) Joint Preparation: Monitor fit up and joint preparation (bevel angle,
etc.) for conformance to the submitted welding procedures including
preheat and interpass temperature. Monitor base metal temperature
during welding operations.
(2) Test Full Penetration Welds in accordance to the requirements of this
specification section, ultrasonically in accordance with AWS D1.1
procedures. On T or corner joints, pay careful attention to the heat
affected zone and base metal where the weld shrinkage stresses are
in the through thickness direction.
(3) Test Partial Penetration Butt Joints in accordance with this
specification section by the magnetic particle method. At T or corner
joints, in addition to the magnetic particle testing, ultrasonically scan
the heat affected zone and adjacent base metal from face "C" per
AWS D1.1 Table 6.7 and Annex K-7 to detect lamellar tears and shall
be done with a compression wave. The Testing Agency shall submit a
testing procedure that includes evaluation (acceptance criterion)
procedures to the Engineer for review.

g. At heavy shapes and high restraint welds: provide pre-production sample

testing of heat treatment, observe fabrication, welding and heat treatment of
the samples for conformance with submitted welding procedures. Establish
locations of testing coupons following AWS procedures. Test coupons
following AWS procedures to verify satisfactory results using the welding
procedure and heat treatment.

6. Headed Studs and Deformed Bar Anchors: Visually inspect all headed studs and
deformed bar anchors for complete fusion and full 360-degree weld flash (or fillet).

a. Check all studs with incomplete fusion, and at random five studs at each of six
beams per floor, by bending to an angle of 15 degrees from its original axis
(away from any missing flash). If more than twenty percent of studs fail on one
member, check all studs on member. In addition for each member with any
defective studs, test an additional member.

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 8
 b. Contractor to replace any studs that crack or break. Contractor to only
straighten studs that would foul other work or have less than 1 inch cover in
bent position.
c. Ping test: All studs shall be sounded by a sharp blow with a hammer. If stud
does not ring when struck by a hammer, the stud shall be bent 15 degrees from
its original axis per paragraph a. above.

7. Cleaning & Painting:

a. Prior to shop painting, examine all fabricated pieces to verify proper cleaning in
accordance with this specification.
b. Examine all shop painting to verify conformance with this specification.
c. Examine loading and unloading of steel to verify damage does not occur during
shipping and handling.

8. Remedial Work: The Testing Agency shall indicate to the Contractor where remedial
work must be performed and will maintain a current list of work not in compliance with
the Contract Documents. This list shall be submitted to the Engineer on a weekly
basis.
9. Certification: When all work has been approved by the Testing Agency, the Testing
Agency shall certify in a letter to the Engineer that the installation is in accordance
with the design and specification requirements (including applicable codes).

1.11 QUALITY CONTROL BY CONTRACTOR

A. The Contractor shall provide a program of quality control to ensure that the minimum
standards specified herein are attained.

B. The Contractor shall bring to the attention of the Engineer any defects in the work which are
departures from the Contract Documents which may occur during construction. The
Contractor shall propose corrective actions and their recommendations in writing and submit
them for review by the Engineer.

C. The Engineer's general review during construction and activities of the Testing Agency are
undertaken to inform the Engineer of performance by the Contractor but shall in no way
replace or augment the Contractor's quality control program or relieve the Contractor of total
responsibility for quality control.

1.12 OBSERVATIONS AND CORRECTIONS BY ENGINEER

A. Review: The Engineer will observe the construction for general compliance with the
provisions of the Contract Documents during various phases of construction.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SUSTAINABLE CRITERIA FOR MATERIALS

A. ESTIDAMA: Reference should be made to the “Employers Requirements – Contractor

Estidama Requirements” for specific clauses relating to use of materials.

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 9
2.2 STRUCTURAL STEEL

A. Structural steel shall conform to the requirements listed on the Structural General Notes.

B. “Heavy Shapes” as defined in this specification require minimum Charpy impact values per
the Structural General Notes, in addition to any other members stated in the Notes.

2.3 SHOP COATINGS (WHERE SPECIFIED)

A. Refer to Section 099100 Painting - Part 2.1 P - Type PT-202 Steel Coating.

B. All steelwork passing through the building facade should be treated as externally exposed
steelwork including canopies and the central atrium roof to the east of gridline C and to the
west of gridline M..

2.4 ACCESSORIES

A. High Strength Bolts: Conform to the provisions of the Research Council on Structural
Connections (RCSC) "Specifications for Structural Joints using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts"
except that nuts shall be ASTM A563 Grades DH or DH3 (hardened) for both A325 and
A490 bolts. Twist off type bolts (Tension Control bolts) shall additionally conform to ASTM
F1852 or ASTM F2280.

B. All bolts shall be new, and not re-used.

C. Where A325 galvanized bolts nuts and washers are required, they shall be in accordance
with ASTM A153, Class C. Where A588 steel is used, bolts, nuts and washers shall be
Type 3.

D. Direct Tension Indicators: Meet requirements of ASTM F959.

E. Anchor Rods: Per structural General Notes.

F. Washers:

1. Round washers shall conform to American Standard B 27.2 type b

2. Washers in contact with high-strength bolt heads and nuts shall be hardened in
accordance with ASTM Standard F436.
3. Beveled washers shall be square, smooth and sloped so that contact surfaces of the
bolt head and nut are parallel.
4. The diameter of the hole of square beveled washers shall be 1.6mm greater than the
bolt size for bolts smaller than 25mm, and shall be 3mm greater than the bolt size for
bolts larger than 25mm.
5. Comply with requirements of RCSC for all washers including thickness, size and
hardness, depending on connection details.

G. Welding Electrodes: Electrodes shall be low hydrogen and shall be selected from Table
4.1.1 of AWS D1.1. Comply with CVN requirements of the Structural General Notes.

1. Shielded Metal-Arc Welding: Welding electrodes for manual shielded metal-arc

welding shall conform to the specification for Mild Steel Covered Arc-Welding
Electrodes, AWS A5.1 E70 or 80, or the specification for Low-Alloy Steel Covered

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 10
 Arc-Welding Electrode, AWS A5.5.
2. Submerged-Arc Welding: Bare electrodes and granular flux used in submerged-arc
welding shall conform to F70 or F80 AWS flux classifications of the specification for
Gare Mild Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for submerged-arc Welding, AWS A5.17.
3. Where Charpy V-Notch values are required on the base metal, an electrode meeting
the Charpy V-Notch requirements listed in the Structural General Notes shall be
provided.

H. Headed Studs (shear connectors) shall be per Structural General Notes.

I. Deformed Bar Anchors shall be as specified in Structural General Notes.

J. Steel Castings shall conform to ASTM A27, Grade 65-35, medium strength carbon steel.

K. Grout: Refer to General Notes.

L. Post-installed Anchors shall be per Structural General Notes.

PART 3 – EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Work covered under other Sections of the specifications: Examine all work prepared under
other Sections of the specification to receive work of this Section and report any defects
affecting installation to Engineer. Commencement of work will be construed as complete
acceptance of preparatory work. The Contractor alone shall be responsible for checking the
dimensions and coordination of the structural steel work with other trades.

B. Anchor Rods: At least 28 days prior to the start of the structural steel erection, the
Contractor shall ascertain by accurate survey the existing location, alignment, and elevation
of the anchor rods embedded in the concrete covered under other Sections of the
specification. The Contractor shall immediately bring to the attention of the Engineer any
discrepancies observed between the Contract Documents and the as-built conditions. Steel
erection shall not start until corrective measures, if required, have been performed.

3.2 FABRICATION

A. Fabricate and assemble structural steel in the shop to the greatest extent possible.

B. Tolerances:

1. Conform to the tolerances of the AISC "Code of Standard Practice," compensate for
the difference between the temperature at time of fabrication and the mean
temperature in service.
2. Elevator shafts used for temporary hoists shall conform to the detailed requirements
of the hoist manufacturer.

C. Holes: Holes shall be provided in members to permit connections to the work of other
trades or contracts, and for passage through the member of work of other trades. All holes
shall be accurately drilled or punched at right angles to the surface of the metal in
accordance with AISC Specifications. Holes shall not be made or enlarged by burning.

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 11
 Burning or drifting unfair holes will not be permitted. Holes that must be enlarged shall be
reamed. Drift pins will be allowed only to bring together the several parts for connection.
Holes in base plates shall be drilled. Holes shall be clean-cut without torn or ragged edges.
Outside burrs resulting from drilling operations shall be removed with a suitable tool.

D. Camber: Provide camber as indicated on the Contract Documents. Where no camber is

indicated, provide natural camber up.

E. Cutting: Manual gas-cutting in the shop may be used only if automatic or semi-automatic
methods are not possible. If manual shop cutting is required, it shall be done only with a
mechanically guided torch, except that an unguided torch may be used where the cut is
more than 13mm from the finished dimension and final removal is completed by means such
as chipping or grinding to produce a gouge-free surface of quality equal to that of the base
metal. At restrained joints and as indicated elsewhere, weld access holes shall be ground
smooth.

F. Cutting of Heavy Shapes: Where “Heavy Shapes” as defined in this specification are to be
joined by partial or full penetration welds in tension, preheating shall be required for all
thermal cutting operations. Preheat shall be sufficient to prevent cracking but in no case
less than 66 degrees C. Weld access holes and copes shall be ground to a smooth radius
after cutting and tested for cracks by the magnetic particle method. All cut edges shall be
free of sharp notches and gouges.

G. Anchor Rods: Rigid steel templates and anchor rods shall be furnished, labeled and
shipped in sets indicating sizes and locations of columns, together with instructions for
setting of anchor rods. Plate washers shall be provided.

H. Bolting: Bolts shall be driven accurately into the holes without damaging the threads. Bolt
heads shall be protected from damage during driving. Bolt heads and nuts shall rest
squarely against the metal. Where bolts are to be used on beveled surfaces having slopes
greater than 1 in 20 with a plane normal to the bolt axis, beveled washers shall be provided
to give full bearing under the head or nut.

I. Bolts indicated as “finger tight” on the Contract Documents shall be prevented from backing
off by using lock nuts, thread compound or deformed threads.

J. Installation of High Strength Bolts:

1. Except where "snug tight" installation is specifically permitted on design drawings, all
high strength bolts shall be installed with full pretension using Turn-of-Nut
Pretensioning, Twist-Off Type Tension Control Bolt Pretensioning or Direct-Tension-
Indicator (DTI) Pretensioning in accordance with the "Specification for Structural
Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts". Calibrated Wrench Pretensioning shall only
be used where specifically approved by the Engineer.
2. Comply with special washer requirements of the RCSC, such as those related to
slotted and oversize holes, and tapered flanges. DTI "washers" shall not be
substituted for such required washers.
3. All high strength bolt assemblies (including Tension Control bolts and DTI’s) used in
pretensioned connections shall be verified in accordance with the Pre-Installation
Verification section of the RCSC.
4. Clean and re-lubricate bolts and nuts that become dry or rusty before use, except
Tension Control bolts must be re-lubricated by manufacturer.

K. Welding of Structural Steel:

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 12
 1. Pre-Weld Inspection: The surface to be welded and the filler material to be used
shall be subject to inspection before welding is performed.
2. Welds indicated on the Contract Documents or the approved shop or erection
drawings shall be created by electric arc welding processes that comply in all
respects with the codes and specifications herein noted covering the design,
fabrication, and inspection of welded structures and the qualifications of welders and
supervisors. Control the heat input, weld length, weld sequence and cooling process
to prevent distortion of the completed assembly.
3. Each welder’s work shall be traceable.
4. Special Requirements: For high restraint welds and welds at heavy shapes, follow
approved welding procedures for weld process, sequence, pre-heating and cooling.
Use stress relieving techniques where shown in the approved procedure developed
by the Contractor (submit as a Method Statement where necessary for approval by
the Engineer).

a. Special Procedures: Prior to the start of production welding, the contractor shall
demonstrate to the Testing Agency that preheat can be maintained without
relying on heat from the arc. For field welding, the contractor shall provide a
shelter to protect each joint from inclement weather (rain, snow, etc.), from start
until completion of the joint.
b. Preheat and Postheat: Preheat shall be sufficient to prevent cracking, but in no
case less than required by AWS D1.1. For high-restraint welds, minimum
preheat shall be 108 degrees C. The preheat shall be maintained throughout
the thickness of the material for a distance equal to twice the material thickness
on both sides of the joint at a minimum. Where different thicknesses of steel
are being joined, the greater thickness shall govern. Preheat shall be
measured on the face opposite the side of the heat application. Preheat shall
be applied uniformly in a manner that does not harm the surface of the material
nor cause surface temperatures to exceed 594 degrees C. Should stress relief
heat treatment be required, the contractor shall submit a written procedure.
c. Prior to heat treatment on a production weld, prepare and treat a test sample
per the contractor's written procedure for tensile and Charpy V-notch tests in
accordance with ASTM requirements.

5. Deficient Welds: Welds found deficient in dimensions but not in quality may be
enlarged by additional welding. Any weld found deficient in quality shall be removed
by grinding or melting and the weld shall be remade.

L. Bearing:

1. Bearing ends of columns shall be milled or sawn square perpendicular to axis of the
column.
2. Finish bearing areas of base plates per AISC M2.8.

M. Stiffeners: Fitted stiffeners shall be ground to fit closely against flanges.

N. Cleaning and Preparation of Steel Surfaces:

1. Clean all steel work in accordance with the Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC).
Method specified herein that corresponds to its location and exposure. Steel work to
be painted shall be painted within the same day that it is cleaned.

a. Interior, Not Exposed to View (above suspended ceilings, under sprayed-on

fireproofing, steel to be encased in concrete): SSPC-SP-2, Hand Tool

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 13
 Cleaning.
b. Interior, Exposed in the Finished Building: SSPC-SP-6, Commercial Blast
Cleaning, unless noted otherwise on the drawings.
c. Exterior (exposed to weather or in unconditioned space): SSPC-SP-6,
Commercial Blast Cleaning, unless noted otherwise on the drawings.
d. Members to be Hot Dipped Galvanized: SSPC-SP3, Power Tool Cleaning,
before galvanizing.

O. Shop Coating:

1. Co-ordinate with Division 09 Section “HIGH PERFORMANCE COATINGS”.

2. Where painting is specified, paint all steel work in accordance with the Steel
Structures Painting Council (SSPC) Method specified herein that corresponds to its
location and exposure and in accordance with manufacturer's written instructions.
Paint steel work the same day that it is cleaned.

3. Protect finished bearing surfaces with a rust-inhibiting coating which is to be removed

immediately prior to erection.

4. Do not paint:

a. Surfaces within 150mm of field welds still to be executed.

b. Surfaces to be encased in concrete or to receive cementitious fireproofing
c. Contact surfaces of high-strength bolted Slip Critical connections (unless
surface prep and paint has been specifically prequalified by the contractor or
approved for use in this location by the Engineer).
d. Surfaces required for testing and preheat, until all testing and preheat has been
performed
e. Finished bearing surfaces (use removable rust-inhibiting coating)
f. Top flange of the beam where steel deck or headed studs are to be attached

5. Paint shall be applied thoroughly and evenly to dry surfaces only when surface
temperatures are above dew-point, in strict accordance with manufacturer's
instructions.

6. Surfaces of exterior members which are inaccessible after assembly or erection shall
receive their second coat of the approved paint, in a different shade, in the shop.

7. Hot-dip galvanize the following steel members:

a. All angles, steel plates and shims supporting exterior masonry or exposed to
the weather, including shelf, arch and relieving angles
b. All connections between the above angles and steel plates and the supporting
structural member, including clip angles and hardware
c. Any other steel members indicated as “Galvanized” on the Contract
Documents.
d. All miscellaneous metal, angles, clips, etc. on exterior masonry walls.

3.3 ERECTION

A. Tolerances: Erect all work plumb, square and true to lines and levels in strict accordance
with the structural requirements of the building within tolerances of the AISC Code of

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 14
 Standard Practice, unless otherwise indicated on the Contract Documents. Compensate for
the difference between the temperature at time of erection and the mean temperature in
service.

B. Bracing: Brace the frame during erection in accordance with the Contractor’s erection
procedure.

C. Errors: Immediately report to the Engineer any errors in shop fabrication, deformations
resulting from handling and transportation, and improper erection that affect the assembly
and fitting of parts. Prepare details for corrective work and obtain approval of the method of
correction. Approved corrections shall be made expeditiously at the sole expense of the
Contractor.

D. Column Base Plates: Support and align on steel shims or setting bolts. After the supported
members have been plumbed and properly positioned, tighten anchor rod nuts in
preparation for grouting. Cut off wedges and shims flush with edges of plates and leave in
place. The use of leveling plates will not be permitted.

E. Grouting: Refer to General Notes. Grout base plates immediately after the first tier of
columns are plumbed. Do not proceed with steel erection above the first tier until base
plates are grouted.

F. Bolting and Welding of Structural Steel: See Section on "Fabrication".

G. Bearing Surface: Clean bearing surfaces and surfaces that will be in permanent contact
before the members are assembled.

H. Splices: Splices will be permitted only where indicated on the contract drawings or the
reviewed shop drawings. Fasten splices of compression members only after surfaces are
cleaned and abutting surfaces have been brought completely into contact. Fill any
remaining gaps with steel shims driven into place and cut flush. Tack weld shims to each
other and to members. Use runoff tabs at bevel weld splices. Cut off runoff tabs and
ground smooth after weld completion.

I. Driftpins: Driftpins may be used only to bring together the several parts, and shall not be
used in such a manner as to distort or damage the metal. Correct poor matching of holes by
drilling to the next larger size and using a larger size bolt. Plug welding and redrilling will not
be permitted, unless a specific instance arises and is approved by the Engineer.

J. Erection bolts: On exposed welded construction, remove erection bolts, fill holes with plug
welds and grind smooth at exposed surfaces. On non-exposed welded construction,
remove erection bolts.

K. Hammering: Hammering which may damage or distort the members will not be permitted.

L. Do not use cutting torches in the field without the specific approval of the Engineer for each
application. Where cutting torch use is permitted, all the requirements of the Section on
"Fabrication" shall apply.

M. Additional Material and Labor: If the Contractor furnishes additional material and labor for
the purpose of erection or if the erection method requires that material be added to certain
members, the required modifications shall be at the sole expense of the Contractor.

N. Alignment: Following erection, accurately align, level, and adjust all members prior to final

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 15
 fastening. Conform to AISC standard tolerances unless otherwise noted in the Contract
Documents.

O. Touch-Up and Field Applied Paint: After erection, clean all damaged areas in the shop coat,
exposed surfaces of bolts, bolt heads, nuts and washers and all field welds and unpainted
areas adjacent to field welds according to manufacturers recommendations and paint with
the same paint used for the shop coat. Match the touch up and field applied paint color to
the as-built paint color. After touch up, at exterior (exposed to the weather or in
unconditioned space) steel members apply a full coat of the specified paint in a different
shade than the shop applied coat.

P. After erection, clean all damaged galvanized areas, welds and areas adjacent to welds and
paint with the specified galvanizing repair paint.

Q. Clean all steel members of mud and debris and construction residue prior to erection.

R. Headed Studs and Deformed Bar Anchors

1. End weld headed studs and deformed bar anchors with an automatic process in
accordance with section 7 of AWS D1.1.
2. Areas to which studs are to be attached must be free of foreign material, such as
rust, oil, grease, paint etc. When mill scale is sufficiently thick to cause difficulty in
obtaining proper welds, remove by grinding or sand blasting.
3. Remove ceramic ferrules from studs and work after welding.

[Balance of page blank, see form on next page]

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 16
 Structural Substitution Request Form – to be completed by Contractor

Project:
Substitution Request #
Date:

Requesting
Page attached
Contractor:
(including this form)

1. Description of Requested Substitution:

2. Related Drawings and Specification Sections:

3. Rationale or Benefit Anticipated:

1
4. Effect on Construction Schedule (check one): NONE See Attached
2
5. Effect on Employer’s Cost attach data (check one): CREDIT TO EMPLOYER EXTRA
3
6. Effect on Construction Documents (design work anticipated): NONE See Attached

7. Requesting Contractor Agrees to Pay for Design Changes (check): YES NO N/A
4
8. Effect on Other Trades :

9. Effect of Substitution on Manufacturer’s Warranty (check): NONE See

Attachment
5
Signature : Date:

Company:
5
General Contractor Signature : Date:

Notes:

1. Contractor is responsible for means and methods and any problems that may arise from making the
requested substitution.
2. This is not the formal documentation required to advise a Variation – refer to the Contract for the
procedure to be followed
3. Contractor is responsible for any design impacts that may arise from this substitution, including
redesign efforts.
4. Contractor is responsible for effects on other trades from this substitution;
General Contractor must review and agree effects on other trades are fairly represented in items 4-
9.
5. Signature by a person having authority to legally bind his/her company to the above terms.
Otherwise this request is void
6. All items in form must be completed for substitution request to be considered.

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 17
Request Review Responses (completed by Engineer)):

ACCEPTED INSUFFICIENT DATA TO

ACCEPTED REJECTED ENGINEER SIGNATURE DATE
AS NOTED SUPPORT REQUEST

Engineer Comments:

END OF SECTION 051000

Sowwah Central Revision 0

Date: 30 September 2015
TTO-ST-0-SPC-05100
Structure Specification – Issued for Construction
Structural Steel SECTION 05100 - Page 18