2.1 Basic Hydraulic Components
2.1 Basic Hydraulic Components
2.1 Basic Hydraulic Components
Section 1.4
Hydraulic
Energy Control
Mechanical Valve
Energy
Engine Hydraulic
Actuator
Pump
Hydraulic
Tank
Job
Actuators
Directional Control
Valve
Reservoir
Hydraulic Pump
Q (ltr/min)
Power Constant line
P = MPa
Q = ltr/min
L = PQ / 44.1 (PS) Areas are the same
Case 2
P = kgf/cm2
Q = ltr/min
L = PQ / 450 (PS) P (MPa)
RESERVOIR
S
TU LOWER
U
RE NPRESSURE
C
T
I
O
ACTUATOR AREA PUM
N
HIGH P
PRESSURE
A
M E
C
ST
AREA
T
SY
U
A
T
O
R
CONTROL
Hydraulic Reservoir
The Hydraulic Reservoir will
store sufficient hydraulic
fluid to ensure enough fluid
is available for the hydraulic
system.
The reservoir will allow
contaminates to settle on
the bottom and dissipate
heat.
Hydraulic Pump.
The hydraulic pump is the heart of the machine.
The function of the pump is to supply the hydraulic system with
sufficient flow to enable the circuits to operate at the correct speed.
There are three types or pumps.
1. Gear Pump.
Variable Displacement
Fixed Displacement
3. Vane Pumps
Open Closed
Water Separation
Water vapor enters the system through the
reservoir. Oil moving around the system mixes
with the water and becomes what’s known as an
emulsion.
This emulsion promotes rust, acids and forms
sludge. Additives are added to separate the water
from the oil.
Viscosity
Viscosity is a measurement of a fluid resistance
to flow, in other words the thickness of the oil.
Viscosity is important because if the oil is too
thin (Low Viscosity) it may leak past seals,
joints or pumps internal slippage. This will
effect the work equipment performance.
If the oil is too thick (High Viscosity) the work equipment will be sluggish and
require more power to push the oil around the system.
Viscosity Improver
Additives that help maintain the oils viscosity over a wider range of
temperatures