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    Central Dogma Laboratory Activity No.6 (Group) Lbymatb Term 3, SY 2019-2020

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    Criselda Cabangon David
    This document summarizes a laboratory activity on the central dogma of biology. It includes pre-laboratory questions defining key terms like transcription, translation, mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. It also explains codons and their importance in protein production. The laboratory activity has students perform transcription from DNA to mRNA, translation of mRNA to amino acids using a decoding wheel, and identifying parts of the transcription and translation process. It concludes that central dogma is vital for DNA to be transferred and proteins to be produced, linking amino acids and allowing growth.

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    Central Dogma Laboratory Activity No.6 (Group) Lbymatb Term 3, SY 2019-2020

    Uploaded by

    Criselda Cabangon David
    185 views6 pages
    This document summarizes a laboratory activity on the central dogma of biology. It includes pre-laboratory questions defining key terms like transcription, translation, mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. It also explains codons and their importance in protein production. The laboratory activity has students perform transcription from DNA to mRNA, translation of mRNA to amino acids using a decoding wheel, and identifying parts of the transcription and translation process. It concludes that central dogma is vital for DNA to be transferred and proteins to be produced, linking amino acids and allowing growth.

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    LBYMATBGR1_LabAct6

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    LBYMATBGR1_LabAct6

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    This document summarizes a laboratory activity on the central dogma of biology. It includes pre-laboratory questions defining key terms like transcription, translation, mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. It also explains codons and their importance in protein production. The laboratory activity has students perform transcription from DNA to mRNA, translation of mRNA to amino acids using a decoding wheel, and identifying parts of the transcription and translation process. It concludes that central dogma is vital for DNA to be transferred and proteins to be produced, linking amino acids and allowing growth.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    185 views6 pages

    Central Dogma Laboratory Activity No.6 (Group) Lbymatb Term 3, SY 2019-2020

    Uploaded by

    Criselda Cabangon David
    This document summarizes a laboratory activity on the central dogma of biology. It includes pre-laboratory questions defining key terms like transcription, translation, mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. It also explains codons and their importance in protein production. The laboratory activity has students perform transcription from DNA to mRNA, translation of mRNA to amino acids using a decoding wheel, and identifying parts of the transcription and translation process. It concludes that central dogma is vital for DNA to be transferred and proteins to be produced, linking amino acids and allowing growth.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Central Dogma

    Laboratory Activity no.6

    (GROUP)
    LBYMATB
    Term 3, SY 2019-2020

    Section: K31 Teacher: De Guia, Jessica Joyce R. Date: August 20, 2020
    Group No.: 1 Group Leader (Last, First Name): Mansueto, Gabriel Alejandro
    Group Members (Alphabetical; Last, First Names):

    Alcala, Mark Don Victor B.


    Romana, Jose Jeremiah
    Celestino, TJ Angelica L.

    PRE-LABORATORY QUESTIONS (10 points)

    1. Define transcription. Where does this process take place in the cell? Briefly explain
    why it is important for protein production.

    Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. In eukaryotic


    cells, transcription takes place in the nucleus. It is important for protein production as the
    transcript carries the information needed to to build a polypeptide.

    2. Define translation. Where does this process take place in the cell? Briefly explain
    why it is important for protein production.

    It is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA molecule to a sequence


    of amino acids while it is having protein synthesis. Translation takes place in the cytoplasm.
    In translation, the messenger RNA is decoded in a ribosome which would make it produce a
    specific amino acid chain.

    3. Identify the function of the following different types of RNA molecules: mRNA
    tRNA rRNA

    mRNA: carries the coding consequences for protein synthesis


    tRNA: carries amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis
    rRNA: form the core of a cell’s ribosomes

    4. Define a codon. Explain why it is important in protein production.

    A codon is a trinucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA that corresponds to a certain amino


    acid. It is important for protein production because each codon corresponds to a single
    amino acid. It also plays a critical role in protein synthesis because the codon interacts
    with mRNA and the anticodon in an aminoacyl-tRNA.

    POST-LABORATORY QUESTIONS (40 points)

    TRANSCRIPTION
    Use the DNA code provided to copy an m-RNA message.

    ACTGGATAC ACGGATCGT TGACAGCTA


    UGACCUAUG UGCCUAGCA ACUGUCGAU

    TRANSLATION:

    USE the DECODING WHEEL to


    DETERMINE the AMINO ACID that
    corresponds to the m-RNA CODE
    GIVEN:

    mRNA CODE AMINO ACID


    AAA Lysine

    GCG Alanine

    GAU Aspartic Acid

    CAA Glutamine

    CAC Histidine

    UUU Phenylalanine

    Which two mRNA codes correspond to histidine?

    CAC and CAU

    How many different mRNA codes correspond to Threonine?

    ACU, ACC, ACA, ACG. 4

    Which amino acids have ONLY ONE codon?

    Methionine (AUG) and Tryptophan (UGG) are only two amino acids that have one
    corresponding codon.

    Tell the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA message:

    MRNAMESSAGE: AUG CCA UGG CAU

    Amino acid sequence:

    methionine - proline - tryptophan - histidine


    Look at the m-RNA message below:

    PUT A NUMBER under each of the t-RNA/amino acid complexes to show the correct
    sequence that they would attach as this message is read.

    2 4 3 1

    WHAT IS THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE FOR THE PROTEIN THAT WOULD BE
    PRODUCED FROM THIS MESSAGE?

    Methionine - phenylalanine - lysine - leucine


    FILL IN THE INFORMATION BELOW with the correct sequence

    DNA code TTACGCGCA DNA codeC CGAATCGT


    mRNA message AAUGCGCGU mRNA message GGCUUAGCA
    DNA code ACACTCGGC DNA code G A C C G A T G T
    mRNA message UGUGAGCCG mRNA message CUGGCUACA

    This process of protein synthesis is also called production of proteins

    Another name for a protein chain is polypeptide chain

    MATCH THE PARTS IN THE


    DIAGRAM WITH THE CORRECT
    LABEL.

    C RIBOSOME

    A NUCLEUS

    B MESSENGER RNA

    F ANTICODON

    G AMINO ACID

    D CODON

    E TRANSFER RNA

    What will happen to D after it drops off its amino acid?


    After tRNA drops off its amino acid, the mRNA releases the tRNA. New tRNA brings the
    next amino acid in. The process continues, building the polypeptide chain, until the tRNA
    meets a “stop” codon. Once it reaches a “stop” codon, the polypeptide chain is released.

    What will happen to B after its message is read?

    Messenger RNA (mRNA) mediates the transfer of genetic information from the cell
    nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.
    Once mRNAs enter the cytoplasm, they are translated, stored for later translation, or
    degraded

    CONCLUSION (5 points):

    Central Dogma has been a vital piece to DNA as it flows in the process of Transcription
    and Translation. Without Central Dogma, DNA can not be tranferred or moved in such
    process that brings forth growth to one individual and a race such as the human race. This
    is important as well since it links the amino acids chain.

    References

    https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/teaching-tools/Transcription-Translation
    http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/transcription/tctlpreu.html#:~:
    text=In%20a%20prokaryotic%20cell%2C%20transcription,translation%20occurs%20in
    %20the%20cytoplasm.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21603/#:~:text=Messenger%20RNA%20(mRNA)
    %20carries%20the,the%20code%20words%20in%20mRNA.
    https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Codon#:~:text=A%20codon%20is%20a
    %20trinucleotide,in%20groups%20of%20three%20bases.

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