7-7760-Diana Novita
7-7760-Diana Novita
7-7760-Diana Novita
1970s
1990s
Late 1990s
– Pervasive Computing
– Sentient computing
– Ubiquitous Computing
– Ambient Intelligence
– Wearable Computing
– Context Awareness
– ...
What is Ubiquitous Computing?
•Phase I
–Smart, ubiquitous I/O devices: tabs, pads, and boards
–Hundreds of computers per person, but casual, low-intensity
use
–Many, many “displays”: audio, visual, environmental
–Wireless networks
–Location-based, context-aware services
• Communication Technologies
• Material Technologies
• Sensors/Actuators
Moore’s Law
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1965
Years
• Most important
Problems:
technology parameters
• increasing cost
double every 1–3 years:
• energy
– computation cycles
– memory, magnetic disks
– bandwidth
• Consequence:
– scaling down
2nd Enabler: Communication
•Organic semiconductors
–change the external appearance of computers
•“Plastic” laser
–Flexible displays,…
Smart Paper, Electronic Ink
• Electronic ink
– micro capsules, white on one
side and black on the other
– oriented by electrical field
– substrate could be an array of
plastic transistors
• Potentially high contrast, low
energy, flexible
• Interactive: writable with
magnetic pen
Interactive Map
Making Lego
Smart:
Robot command
Explorer (Hitachi
H8 CPU, 32KB
RAM, IR)
Lego Mindstorms
Idea: Making Objects Smart
RFID
Can be Context-Aware
Flexes that
communicate with the
person automatically
in a building and then
provide him the
information about his
office and the venue
of his meeting that his
held.
PILL CAM
Miniature camera
Diagnostic device
It can be
swallowed
Once swallowed it
gives the data
about the
functioning of the
vital organs in our
body .
ONGOING RESEARCH PROJECTS
IBM ‘s “smarter planet “
The project is about building
a smarter planet by including
everyday case scenarios like
parking the car in a place by
communicating with another
car.