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    Caracteristicas Filtros

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    A. Ontiveros García
    Analog filters are electronic circuits that pass signals within a specific frequency range and block signals outside of that range. There are four main types of analog filters: low-pass filters, high-pass filters, bandpass filters, and band-reject filters. Filters can be either passive, using only resistors, capacitors and inductors, or active, incorporating operational amplifiers. Filters have many applications including radio tuning, audio signal processing, power supply smoothing, and noise suppression in communication systems.

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    Caracteristicas Filtros

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    A. Ontiveros García
    30 views14 pages
    Analog filters are electronic circuits that pass signals within a specific frequency range and block signals outside of that range. There are four main types of analog filters: low-pass filters, high-pass filters, bandpass filters, and band-reject filters. Filters can be either passive, using only resistors, capacitors and inductors, or active, incorporating operational amplifiers. Filters have many applications including radio tuning, audio signal processing, power supply smoothing, and noise suppression in communication systems.

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    Filtros analógicos

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    Caracteristicas filtros (3)

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    Analog filters are electronic circuits that pass signals within a specific frequency range and block signals outside of that range. There are four main types of analog filters: low-pass filters, high-pass filters, bandpass filters, and band-reject filters. Filters can be either passive, using only resistors, capacitors and inductors, or active, incorporating operational amplifiers. Filters have many applications including radio tuning, audio signal processing, power supply smoothing, and noise suppression in communication systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views14 pages

    Caracteristicas Filtros

    Uploaded by

    A. Ontiveros García
    Analog filters are electronic circuits that pass signals within a specific frequency range and block signals outside of that range. There are four main types of analog filters: low-pass filters, high-pass filters, bandpass filters, and band-reject filters. Filters can be either passive, using only resistors, capacitors and inductors, or active, incorporating operational amplifiers. Filters have many applications including radio tuning, audio signal processing, power supply smoothing, and noise suppression in communication systems.

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    ANALOG FILTERS

    BY: TULIO PEÑA


    Definition

    A circuit that acts as a filter is designed to pass signals from a certain frequency range and to
    reject or attenuate signals whose frequency spectrum is out of that range. The most common
    filters are low pass filters (the low pass frequencies and block the highs), high-pass filters (pass
    the high frequencies and block the low frequencies), bandpass filters (passes only a particular
    frequency band), and band rejection (specifically designed to reject a given band of
    frequencies and pass all others).

    BY: TULIO PEÑA


    BY: TULIO PEÑA
    BY: TULIO PEÑA
    Frequency response of the filters.

    In the figure we observe the frequency response of the module and the phase of a first and
    fourth order low pass filter; comparing it with the ideal response of a fourth order filter.

    BY: TULIO PEÑA


    Types Of Filters:
    There are different types of filters classified based on their frequency response and
    construction.

    Based On Their Construction:


    According to the construction of the filters, there are two types of filters i.e. Passive
    Filters & Active filter.

    Passive Filters
    As the name suggests, passive filters are made up of passive components, such as
    resistors, capacitors & inductors.

    It does not need any external source of energy. Therefore there is no voltage gain in these
    filters. The output voltage is always less than its input voltage.

    BY: TULIO PEÑA


    It can easily filter a high-frequency signal but it cannot process any low frequencies.
    Although its design is simple but connecting a load to this filter impacts on its characteristics.
    Cascading the passive filters for higher order filter affects the characteristics of the filter.

    Active Filters
    In addition to the resistor & capacitor, Active filter uses an active component such as an
    operational amplifier, transistors, etc.

    The downside is that it needs an external source of power, but it provides a high voltage gain. This
    gain is used for amplifying any weak input signals.

    The active filter can filter very low-frequency signals but it cannot process very high-frequency
    signal.

    BY: TULIO PEÑA


    They may have a little bit of complex design but they provide very high input & low output impedance. That is
    why; the load impedance does not affect the characteristics of the active filters.

    to increase the order of the filter, active filters are used in cascading configuration without worrying about
    the loss of input signals power.

    BY: TULIO PEÑA


    Based On Their Frequency Response:
    The filters are classified based on the frequency response into the following four categories.

    BY: TULIO PEÑA


    • Low Pass Filter.
    Low Pass filter allow low-frequency signals without any attenuation (decrease in power) but it rejects any
    high-frequency signals.
    The low pass filter has a reactive component, whose reactance varies with the input frequency. The
    variation in the reactance causes the voltage drop to increase or decrease inside the circuit. if the voltage
    drop is larger at the output, the signal will be passed, otherwise, it is rejected by the filter.
    The passband & stopband frequencies are defined by the cutoff frequency of the filter.
    Any frequency less than the cutoff frequency is passed without any attenuation. While any other higher
    frequency signal then the cutoff frequency will be blocked.

    BY: TULIO PEÑA


    High Pass Filter.
    The type of filter that allows the high-frequency signals to pass without any attenuation in its amplitude &
    blocks (rejects) any low-frequency signal is called high pass filter.
    Any signal with a frequency lower than the cutoff frequency of the filter gets blocked. While any signal with
    a frequency higher than the cutoff frequency passes with full amplitude.

    BY: TULIO PEÑA


    Band Pass Filter;
    This type of filter allows a specific band of frequencies & blocks any other frequencies lower or
    higher than its passband frequencies.

    This type of filter has two cutoff frequencies i.e. lower & upper cutoff frequency.

    Bandpass blocks low frequencies & high frequencies, while allows the frequencies in between
    known as the passband frequencies.

    Any input signal having frequency belonging to the passband frequencies will get passed without
    any attenuation.

    Combining low pass filter & a high pass filter together in a cascade configuration will provide a
    bandpass filter.

    The low pass filter will block high frequencies & the high pass will block low frequency. & they will
    pass the middle frequencies in between
    BY: TULIO PEÑA
    Band Reject Filter;
    This type of filter attenuates the signal whose frequencies lies in a fixed band of frequencies.
    It is also known as Band Stop filter or Notch Filter.

    It works completely opposite to the bandpass filter. It allows low-frequency signal & high-frequency
    signals. But it does not allow a fixed band of frequencies in between.

    It also has lower & upper cutoff frequencies. And any signals having frequency in-between these cutoff
    frequencies are rejected by the filter.

    BY: TULIO PEÑA


    Applications Of Filters:
    Frequency filters have so many applications in our livelihood; some of these applications are given below;

    - The tuner in radio: The bandpass filter in the tuner of the radio allows a fixed frequency to the
    output speaker.
    - Treble & bass of the speaker: The bass has lower frequencies & treble has higher frequencies.
    They are separated using high pass & low pass filter and are separately routed to corresponding
    bass ,speaker & treble speaker for clear music.
    - Anti-Aliasing: it is a low pass filter that filters out the high-frequency components from a signal
    before sampling. It prevents the aliasing component form being sampled.
    - Notch Filter: they are band rejects filters with a narrow bandwidth that filter out any interfering
    signal.
    - Power Supply Smoothing: The output of the power supply which is a rectifier has an AC ripple in
    it. These frequencies are filtered out using a low pass filter which results in smoothing the output
    signal.
    -Noise suppression: They are used in communication systems for noise removal from the
    received signals.

    BY: TULIO PEÑA

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