DEDICATION

Nothing can be done alone effortlessly, guidance from others always have a part in
anyone’s work.

We humbly dedicate this study to our parents, teachers, and friends who support us
throughout this study and whose love and affection lifted us to have the determination in
finishing this work.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, we would like to give our heartfelt gratitude to our Almighty God for all

the strength and power to overcome all hardships in fulfilling and finishing our study.

Our family also deserves our gratitude, simply because they help us morally,

financially, and spiritually through the prayers of them.

Thank you to our adviser, Engr. Ma. Thereza Vicho for all the patience,

understanding, and guidance just to help us finish our study. Without her, this study would

not be possible. Merely putting her in this acknowledgment is not enough to express how

grateful we are to be her advisees. Thank you for all the inputs you have been given us to

make this study even better.

To other instructors and professors in the College of Engineering, thank you for all

the knowledge you have imparted us in all CE subjects you handled.

To our dean, Engr. Marlon Dedicatoria who has been supportive and continually

building and boosting the confidence of each student- Thank you, sir.

Lastly to our classmates, study buddies, and forever friends, thank you for all your

help during the times we needed help and for all encouragement during the times we needed

to be encouraged. We're hoping that we still have time for our gala plans.

Without all of you, this would not have happened. Thank you very much.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i
DEDICATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF EQUATIONS x
ABSTRACT xi
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1
Chapter 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Related Readings 3
Related Literature 5
Related Studies 13
Synthesis and Justification 19
Theoretical Framework 21
Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY
Introduction 23
Methodology 24
Conceptual Framework 35
Statement of the Problem 38
Significance of the Study 38
Scope and Limitation 39
Research Design 39
Research Setting 40
Respondent of the Study 41
Data Gathering Procedure and Instrument 41

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 Results and Discussion 42
Chapter 4: CONCLUSION 130
Chapter 5: RECOMMENDATION 131
BIBLIOGRAPHY 133
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Letters 136
Appendix B. DENR Administrative Orders 137
Appendix C. Documentation 157

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 LIST OF FIGURES
Title Pages

Figure No. 3.1. Conceptual Framework. 37

Figure No. 3.2. Research Design. 40
Figure No. 3.3. The Proponents while Searching the Internet to Gather Information 157
And Data for their Study.
Figure No. 3.4. Interview with Mrs. Annadine Encinares-Manzinares at the 157
Municipality of Botolan.
Figure No. 3.5. The Proponents Together with Brgy. Mambog Official as they 158
had their Initial Site Inspection at Sitio Buen.
Figure No. 3.6. Using Data given by the Municipality, Computation for the Area 158
Capacity and Availability of the Proposed Site was Determined.
Figure No. 3.7. Riding in Barangay Mambog's Multicab from Municipal Hall 159
of Botolan to the Proposed Site, Haul Distance was Determined.
Figure No. 3.8. Riding in Barangay Mambog's multicab from Municipal Hall 159
of Botolan to the proposed site, Haul Distance was determined.
Figure No. 3.9. Evaluating the Occurrence of Flooding Using the Flood Hazard 160
Map of Zambales provided by MGB – Region III.
Figure No. 3.10. Identifying the Nearby Residential, Schools and Churches from 160
the Proposed Site Using Google Map.
Figure No. 3.11. Area Inside the Botolan Wild Life Farm. 161
Figure No. 3.12. Searching the Internet for Data regarding the Previous Earthquake 161
that Occurred near Sitio Buen.
Figure No. 3.13. Analyzing the Distribution of Fault and Trenches Map to know 162
the Proximity of the Proposed Site from Active Faults.
Figure No. 3.14. Analyzing topographic map and satellite aerial photos from 162
Google Earth.

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Figure No. 3.15. Iba, Zambales Airport. 162
Figure No. 3.16. Percentage of Waste Generation by Sector. 42
Figure No. 3.17. Percentage of Waste Composition. 43
Figure No. 3.18. (a) Segregation and Composting Facility at Agora and (b) Municipal 45
Material Recovery Facility at Panan, Botolan.
Figure No. 3.19. (a) Eco – Uling Production and (b) Final Product Eco – Uling. 46
Figure No. 3.20. (a) Fish Amino Acid and (b) Eco Soil in the Bioreactor. 47
Figure No. 3.21. (a) Eco – Bricks Making and (b) Final Product Eco-Bricks. 48
Figure No. 3.22. (a) Weighing of Dry Plastic Waste and (b) Weighing of Rice in 49
Replaced to Plastic Waste.
Figure No. 3.23. Sanitary Landfill Service Agreement to Hermosa Sanitary 50
Landfill at Bataan.
Figure No. 3.24. Traveled Time from Municipality Hall of Botolan to Sitio Buen, 53
Mambog using Google Map.
Figure No. 3.25. Map of Mambog, Botolan, Zambales 55
Figure No. 3.26. (a) Dropping of Buho Stick in Deep Wells and (b) Measuring 56
the Buho Stick to Determine Groundwater Level.
Figure No. 3.27. (a) Interview to Sitio Buen Residents on their Owned 57
Artesian Wells and (b) Brief Conversation to Officials of
National Irrigation Administration.
Figure No. 3.28. Distance of the Nearest Perennial Surface Water from the Proposed 58
Site at Sitio Buen, Mambog, Botolan.
Figure No. 3.29. Flood Hazard Map of Zambales 60
Figure No. 3.30. Distance from Mambog Elementary School and Lakas National 61
High School to the Proposed Site at Sitio Buen, Mambog, Botolan.
Figure No. 3.31. Distance from Ina Poon Bato Church and Iglesia ni Cristo to the 62
Proposed Site at Sitio Buen, Mambog, Botolan.

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Figure No. 3.32. Different Commercial and Private Farms near Sitio Buen, 64
Mambog, Botolan.

Figure No. 3.33. Farm Land at Sitio Buen, Mambog, Botolan. 66

Figure No. 3.34. Satellite Aerial Photo of the Proposed Site at Sitio Buen, 67
Mambog, Botolan.
Figure No. 3.35. Earthquake Track Map of Biggest Earthquakes that Occurred 68
near Botolan Zambales.

Figure No. 3.36. Proximity of Bolitoc, Sta.Cruz, Zambales from Sitio Buen, 69

Mambog, Botolan.

Figure No. 3.37. Proximity of Macapsing, Nueva Ecija from Sitio Buen, 70

Mambog, Botolan.

Figure No. 3.38. Distribution of Faults and Trenches in the Philippines. 72

Figure No. 3.39. Proximity of Iba Fault from Sitio Buen, Mambog, Botolan. 73

Figure No. 3.40. Topography Map of Sitio Buen, Mambog, Botolan. 75

Figure No. 3.41. Soil Series Map of Zambales. 77
Figure No. 3.42. Proximity of Iba Airport to Sitio Buen, Mambog, Botolan. 80
Figure No. 3.43. Lining System of Landfill Category 1. 111
Figure No. 3.44. Top View of Sanitary Landfill Cell with its Dimensions. 114
Figure No. 3.45. Longitudinal and Cross Section of Sanitary Landfill cell 115
with Dimensions.
Figure No. 3.46. Site Development Plan for Botolan Sanitary Landfill. 118
Figure No. 3.47. Leachate Drainage Pipe Layout. 119
Figure No. 3.48. Cross Section of Leachate Collection Storage. 120
Figure No. 3.49. Values of Real Properties in Barangay. Mambog, Botolan. 121

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 LIST OF TABLES
Title Pages

Table No. 3.1. Waste Generation by Sector. 43

Table No. 3.2. Major Rivers of Botolan, Zambales. 54

Table No. 3.3. Registered Agricultural Establishment. 65

Table No. 3.4. Antipolo Soil Fertility Indicator. 78

Table No. 3.5. Antipolo Physical Soil Quality 78

Table No. 3.6. Landfill Site Identification and Screening Criteria. 82

Table No. 3.7. Projected 10-Year Population of the Municipality of Botolan. 86

Table No. 3.8. Volume and Area Required for Sanitary Landfill. 88

Table No. 3.9. Matrix Implementation Features. 110

Table No. 3.10. Site Clearing Unit Price Analysis. 122

Table No. 3.11. Earthworks Unit Price Analysis. 123

Table No. 3.12. Excavation Cycle Times for Hydraulic Crawler Hoes under 124

Average Conditions.

Table No. 3.13. Fill Factors for Hydraulic Hoe Buckets. 124

Table No. 3.14. Representative Properties of Earth and Rock. 125

Table No. 3.15. Landfill Investment Cost Estimate. 129

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 LIST OF EQUATIONS

Title Pages

Equation No. 1. Future Population. 30

Equation No. 2. Production Per Capita Per Day. 30

Equation No. 3. Coverage of the Urban Cleaning Service. 31

Equation No. 4. Volume of MSW to be Disposed of in One Day 31

Equation No. 5. Volume of MSW in One Year 31

Equation No. 6. Cover Material 32

Equation No. 7. Volume of Sanitary Landfill 32

Equation No. 8. Area to be Filled Successively 33

Equation No. 9. Total Area Required 33

Equation No. 10. Frustum of Pyramid 112

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 ABSTRACT

The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act or the Republic Act (RA) 9003,
mandates local government units to have solid waste management plans. It prohibits local
governments from operating open or controlled dumpsites and pushes for the establishment
of sanitary landfills – waste disposal sites designed, constructed, operated and maintained in
a manner that exerts engineering control over significant potential environmental impacts
arising from the development and operation of the facility. The Municipality of Botolan,
Zambales still doesn't have a sanitary landfill as compliance, but in order to cope the problem
in waste disposal, the Municipality sends those waste disposal at Hermosa Sanitary Landfill
in Bataan with disposal fees up to this present. Expenditures for this activities may
accumulate over time, hence, the Municipality is somehow proposing for its own sanitary
landfill in the boundaries of Sitio Buen, Mambog. With these problems, the proponent comes
up with the idea to help the Municipality of Botolan in finding a suitable site for sanitary
landfill based on DENR Administrative Order No.50, Series of 1998. Through conducted
interviews from residents of Mambog and municipality officials, field inspection, internet
research, maps from various environmental offices, all the criteria set by DENR with
respective considerations were satisfied by Sitio Buen. Hence, the proponent had provided a
site development plan, and a cost investment estimate for the construction of one disposal
cell and leachate sanitary facility. The waste management program of the municipality was
somehow on progress and aiming for the full cooperation of the community.

Keywords: sanitary landfill, municipal solid waste, waste management, DENR A.O No.50
Series of 1998, design of landfill.

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