Dedication
Dedication
Dedication
Nothing can be done alone effortlessly, guidance from others always have a part in
anyone’s work.
We humbly dedicate this study to our parents, teachers, and friends who support us
throughout this study and whose love and affection lifted us to have the determination in
finishing this work.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, we would like to give our heartfelt gratitude to our Almighty God for all
the strength and power to overcome all hardships in fulfilling and finishing our study.
Our family also deserves our gratitude, simply because they help us morally,
Thank you to our adviser, Engr. Ma. Thereza Vicho for all the patience,
understanding, and guidance just to help us finish our study. Without her, this study would
not be possible. Merely putting her in this acknowledgment is not enough to express how
grateful we are to be her advisees. Thank you for all the inputs you have been given us to
To other instructors and professors in the College of Engineering, thank you for all
To our dean, Engr. Marlon Dedicatoria who has been supportive and continually
building and boosting the confidence of each student- Thank you, sir.
Lastly to our classmates, study buddies, and forever friends, thank you for all your
help during the times we needed help and for all encouragement during the times we needed
to be encouraged. We're hoping that we still have time for our gala plans.
Without all of you, this would not have happened. Thank you very much.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
DEDICATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF EQUATIONS x
ABSTRACT xi
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1
Chapter 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Related Readings 3
Related Literature 5
Related Studies 13
Synthesis and Justification 19
Theoretical Framework 21
Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY
Introduction 23
Methodology 24
Conceptual Framework 35
Statement of the Problem 38
Significance of the Study 38
Scope and Limitation 39
Research Design 39
Research Setting 40
Respondent of the Study 41
Data Gathering Procedure and Instrument 41
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Results and Discussion 42
Chapter 4: CONCLUSION 130
Chapter 5: RECOMMENDATION 131
BIBLIOGRAPHY 133
APPENDICES
Appendix A. Letters 136
Appendix B. DENR Administrative Orders 137
Appendix C. Documentation 157
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LIST OF FIGURES
Title Pages
vi
Figure No. 3.15. Iba, Zambales Airport. 162
Figure No. 3.16. Percentage of Waste Generation by Sector. 42
Figure No. 3.17. Percentage of Waste Composition. 43
Figure No. 3.18. (a) Segregation and Composting Facility at Agora and (b) Municipal 45
Material Recovery Facility at Panan, Botolan.
Figure No. 3.19. (a) Eco – Uling Production and (b) Final Product Eco – Uling. 46
Figure No. 3.20. (a) Fish Amino Acid and (b) Eco Soil in the Bioreactor. 47
Figure No. 3.21. (a) Eco – Bricks Making and (b) Final Product Eco-Bricks. 48
Figure No. 3.22. (a) Weighing of Dry Plastic Waste and (b) Weighing of Rice in 49
Replaced to Plastic Waste.
Figure No. 3.23. Sanitary Landfill Service Agreement to Hermosa Sanitary 50
Landfill at Bataan.
Figure No. 3.24. Traveled Time from Municipality Hall of Botolan to Sitio Buen, 53
Mambog using Google Map.
Figure No. 3.25. Map of Mambog, Botolan, Zambales 55
Figure No. 3.26. (a) Dropping of Buho Stick in Deep Wells and (b) Measuring 56
the Buho Stick to Determine Groundwater Level.
Figure No. 3.27. (a) Interview to Sitio Buen Residents on their Owned 57
Artesian Wells and (b) Brief Conversation to Officials of
National Irrigation Administration.
Figure No. 3.28. Distance of the Nearest Perennial Surface Water from the Proposed 58
Site at Sitio Buen, Mambog, Botolan.
Figure No. 3.29. Flood Hazard Map of Zambales 60
Figure No. 3.30. Distance from Mambog Elementary School and Lakas National 61
High School to the Proposed Site at Sitio Buen, Mambog, Botolan.
Figure No. 3.31. Distance from Ina Poon Bato Church and Iglesia ni Cristo to the 62
Proposed Site at Sitio Buen, Mambog, Botolan.
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Figure No. 3.32. Different Commercial and Private Farms near Sitio Buen, 64
Mambog, Botolan.
Figure No. 3.36. Proximity of Bolitoc, Sta.Cruz, Zambales from Sitio Buen, 69
Mambog, Botolan.
Figure No. 3.37. Proximity of Macapsing, Nueva Ecija from Sitio Buen, 70
Mambog, Botolan.
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LIST OF TABLES
Title Pages
Table No. 3.8. Volume and Area Required for Sanitary Landfill. 88
Table No. 3.12. Excavation Cycle Times for Hydraulic Crawler Hoes under 124
Average Conditions.
Table No. 3.13. Fill Factors for Hydraulic Hoe Buckets. 124
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LIST OF EQUATIONS
Title Pages
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ABSTRACT
The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act or the Republic Act (RA) 9003,
mandates local government units to have solid waste management plans. It prohibits local
governments from operating open or controlled dumpsites and pushes for the establishment
of sanitary landfills – waste disposal sites designed, constructed, operated and maintained in
a manner that exerts engineering control over significant potential environmental impacts
arising from the development and operation of the facility. The Municipality of Botolan,
Zambales still doesn't have a sanitary landfill as compliance, but in order to cope the problem
in waste disposal, the Municipality sends those waste disposal at Hermosa Sanitary Landfill
in Bataan with disposal fees up to this present. Expenditures for this activities may
accumulate over time, hence, the Municipality is somehow proposing for its own sanitary
landfill in the boundaries of Sitio Buen, Mambog. With these problems, the proponent comes
up with the idea to help the Municipality of Botolan in finding a suitable site for sanitary
landfill based on DENR Administrative Order No.50, Series of 1998. Through conducted
interviews from residents of Mambog and municipality officials, field inspection, internet
research, maps from various environmental offices, all the criteria set by DENR with
respective considerations were satisfied by Sitio Buen. Hence, the proponent had provided a
site development plan, and a cost investment estimate for the construction of one disposal
cell and leachate sanitary facility. The waste management program of the municipality was
somehow on progress and aiming for the full cooperation of the community.
Keywords: sanitary landfill, municipal solid waste, waste management, DENR A.O No.50
Series of 1998, design of landfill.
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