Calculation of Brine Properties
Calculation of Brine Properties
Calculation of Brine Properties
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February 16, 1977 i \
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CALCULATION OF B R I N E PROPERTIES
i
by lhk report was Prepared as an account or work
sponsored by the United States Government. Nesther
the United Stater nor the United States Energy
Gerald L . Dittman Research and Development Administmion, nor any of
their employas, nor any of their contractors,
subcontractors. or their employees nukes any
warranty. e x p m or implied. or asu’mes any isgal
Pability or responsibility for the accuracy completeneu
or u x f u l n e s of any informtion. apparat‘w, product or
pm-ss disclored. or represents that its UY would not
lnfringe privately owned rights.
I
Introduction J
S i m p l i f i e d a n a l y t i c a l expressions a r e c u r r e n t l y needed t o p r o v i d e e s t i m a t e s
o f t h e e q u a t i o n o f s t a t e f o r geothermal b r i n e s . These expressions can t h e n be
i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o v a r i o u s numerical codes developed f o r t h e T o t a l Flow program
t h a t r e q u i r e p r e d i c t i o n s o f S a l t o n Sea b r i n e thermophysical p r o p e r t i e s as
f u n c t i o n s o f temperature and s a l t c o n t e n t ( 1 1 .
-1 -
Comparisons between t h e measured o r p r e d i c t e d p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e s i m u l a t e d
b r i n e s and a c t u a l S a l t o n Sea b r i n e s i s n o t p o s s i b l e a t p r e s e n t s i n c e v e r y l i t t l e
e x p e r i m e n t a l d a t a e x i s t s i n t h e l i t e r a t u r e c o n c e r n i n g t h e thermodynamic p r o p e r t i e s
o f t h e geothermal f l u i d s a t compositions and temperatures o f i n t e r e s t . Complex
and p r e c i s e mathematical e x p r e s s i o n s f o r p r e d i c t i n g geothermal b r i n e p r o p e r t i e s
based on s i m u l a t i o n s o f t h e f l u i d do n o t seem warranted f o r now. Simple
mathematical f o r m u l a t i o n s a r e d e s i r e d u n t i l e x p e r i m e n t a l d a t a i s a v a i l a b l e .
The approach used h e r e i s t o c u r v e - f i t some o f t h e d a t a f o r t h e s i m u l a t e d b r i n e s
presented i n t h e r e f e r e n c e s , u s i n g l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n by t h e method o f l e a s t
squares ( 7 ) . The b r i n e s a t u r a t e d vapor p r o p e r t i e s a r e assumed t o be equal t o
t h e p u r e water v a l u e s g i v e n by t h e ASME e q u a t i o n o f s t a t e a t t h e a p p r o p r i a t e
p r e s s u r e and temperature ( 8 ) . I t i s a l s o assumed t h a t p r o p e r t i e s a t o t h e r s a l t
c o n c e n t r a t i o n s can be o b t a i n e d by i n t e r p o l a t i o n between t h e v a l u e s used here.
Nomenclature and U n i t s
T, T1 , T2 temperatures, O F
Pure Water P r o p e r t i e s
PSAT(T), s a t u r a t e d vapor p r e s s u r e a t T, P S I A
Brine Properties
-2-
SB(T), s a t u r a t e d l i q u i d e n t r o p y a t T and Xs, BTU/LBM-"R
Xs, s a l t c o n t e n t , w e i g h t p e r c e n t
r, r e g r e s s i o n a n a l y s i s c o e f f i c i e n t o f d e t e r m i n a t i o n
Results
1. B r i n e S a t u r a t i o n Pressure, PSATB(T)
B r i n e S a t u r a t e d Fressure C o e f f i c i e n t s
PSATFI(T) = a, X PSAT(T)
Xs, W t . Percent a
__1
5 .969
10 .934
15 .a94
20 .847
25 .794
F i g u r e 1 i s a p l o t o f b r i n e s a t u r a t i o n p r e s s u r e and temperature w i t h s a l t
c o n t e n t as a parameter.
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2. B r i n e L i q u i d Density, RHOB(T)
TABLE
_- 2
Brine L i q u i d Density C o e f f i c i e n t s
RtiOB(T) = a2 X T + a3
X,, W t . Percent a2
F i g u r e 2 i s a p l o t o f b r i n e l i q u i d d e n s i t y and temperature w i t h s a l t c o n t e n t
as a parameter. The d e n s i t y r e l a t i o n s h i p f o r p u r e w a t e r i s shown f o r
comparison. The slopes o f t h e b r i n e curves a r e t h e same as t h e s l o p e o f
t h e p u r e water c u r v e between about 250°F and 575°F. Above and below these
values, pure w a t e r d e n s i t y d e p a r t s s i g n i f i c a n t l y from a l i n e a r v a r i a t i o n
. w i t h temperature and t h e assumed r e l a t i o n s h i p f o r t h e b r i n e d e n s i t y v a r i a t i o n
i s n o t accurate. The e r r o r between t h e a c t u a l p u r e water d e n s i t y v a l u e and
t h e e x t r a p o l a t i o n of t h e s l o p e back t o 100°F i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6%.
-5-
60
55
, 40 .I I
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T EWP E RATURE , OF
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3. B r i n e Vapor Density, RHOGB(T)
al
RHOGB(T) = , where SVG(T) i s determined from t h e p u r e
water equation-of-state
4. B r i n e S a t u r a t e d L i q u i d Enthalpy, HB(T)
a
A power c u r v e r e l a t i o n s h i p o f t h e form, HB(T) = a4 ( T ) 5, i s assumed
and a l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n a n a l y s i s was performed u s i n g t h e d a t a from Reference 4.
The a n a l y s i s i s shown i n t h e Appendix and i s t a b u l a t e d i n Table A3. The
power law r e l a t i o n s h i p appears t o be a good f i t t o t h e d a t a because t h e
c o e f f i c i e n t o f d e t e r m i n a t i o n i s a g a i n c l o s e t o 1. Saturated b r i n e enthalpy
i s c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g t h e c o e f f i c i e n t s shown i n Table 3.
TABLE 3
Saturated B r i ne 'Enthal py C o e f f i c i e n t s
WB(T) = a 4 ( T ) a 5
a 2
Xs, W t . Percent "4 - 5
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5 .275 1.1996 .9985
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F i g u r e 3 i s a p l o t o f b r i n e s a t u r a t e d l i q u i d e n t h a l p y and temperature w i t h
s a l t c o n t e n t as a parameter. Since t h e e n t h a l p y measurements were n o t
performed above 4OO0F, t h e b r i n e e n t h a l p y values above t h i s temperature
a r e e x t r a p o l a t e d u s i n g t h e equations generated.
6. B r i n e L i q u i d Entropy, SB(T)
1
(dh - Q , an a p p r o x i m a t i o n
From t h e thermodynamic r e l a t i o n s h i p , ds = -
T P
f o r t h e e n t r o p y change between temperature T1 and T2 i s g i v e n by:
where.
a = (12)
J
2 . al, BTU-IN 2
-
a3 FT3-LBF
FT-LBF
J = 778, BTU
T = T1 + T2 , OF
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Sal i n i t y HB(7) =
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W.t Percent
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a4
5 .275 1.1996
6 00 10 .304 1.1746
15 .340 1.1480
210 ,368 1.1274
25 .396 1.1087
500
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2 400
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1 300
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200
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100
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80
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100 , 200
TEMPERATURE,
300
OF
4 00
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5 00
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600
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The r e l a t i o n s h i p i s a c c u r a t e f o r small temperature d i f f e r e n c e s .
Discussion o f Results
A comparison o f t h e b r i n e p r o p e r t i e s f o r s e v e r a l c o n s t a n t s a l t percentages
and s e l e c t e d temperatures as t a b u l a t e d i n t h e r e f e r e n c e s c i t e d and p r e d i c t e d h e r e
i s shown i n Table 4 below. 'The assumed c o n s t a n t r a t i o r e l a t i o n s h i p between b r i n e
and p u r e water s a t u r a t i o n pressures ( w i t h a d i f f e r e n t v a l u e o f t h e r a t i o f o r each
d i f f e r e n t s a l t c o n t e n t ) appears adequate t o p r e d i c t t h e b r i n e s a t u r a t i o n p r e s s u r e
as a f u n c t i o n o f temperature f o r t h e s a l t percentages considered. E x c e l l e n t
agreement between t h e p r e s s u r e p r e d i c t i o n s (up t o 400°F maximum) from References 2
and 3 i s a l s o shown.
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.. . ... .. . . .. . .. .... . .. . . .. . ... ... . . . . . .. . . .. . ... ... ..
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TABLE 4
Salt Ref. 2
200 11.3
5 400 241.7
6 00 - -
200 10.9
10 400 235.4
600 - -
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w 200 10.4
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15 400 221.7
600 - -
200 9.8
20 400 210.8
600 - -
200 9.3 9.7 I 9.2 72.0 71.6 71.8 124 142 134
25 400 198.1 197.3 '1 96.4 66.6 66.1 65.8 256 , 300 300
600 - - 1232.8 !
11225.1 - - 60.2 59.9 - - - - 1 491
References
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Appendix
T a b l e A1 - B r i n e S a t u r a t i o n Pressure C o e f f i c i e n t s
T a b l e A2 - L i n e a r C u r v e - F i t Regression C o e f f i c i e n t s
T a b l e A3 - Power Law C u r v e - F i t R e f r e s s i o n C o e f f i c i e n t s
-1 5-
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-1 6-
Linear Curve-Fit Analysis ( 7 )
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Assuming t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p , RHOB(T) = a2 x T + a3
L e t y = RHOB(T)
x = T
.: y = a 2 ( x ) + a3
w i t h a l l summations f o r i := 1, 2, .... n.
Regression C o e f f i c i e n t s
a3 = j - a2 (i)
I
C o e f f i c i e n t o f Determination
2
r
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TABLE A2
LINEAR CURVE F I T
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REGRESSION -
COEFFICIENTS FROM P A I R E D DATA I N REFERENCE 3
B R I N E D E N S I T Y , LBM/FT3
T, O F
-Weight Pe
5 I
10 15 20 25
230 61.53 63.77 66. OC 68.45 70.95
248 61.03 63.27 65.58 68.02 70.45
26 6 60.53 62.84 65.15 67.52 70.01
284 60.03 62.34 64.65 67.08 69.51
3 02 59.47 61.78 64.15 66.58 69.01
32 0 58.91 61.28 63.65 66.02 68.52
3 38 58.34 60.72 63.09 65.52 67.95
356 57.72 60.09 62.52 64.96 67.45
374 57.10 59.53 61.96 64.46 66.89
392 56.41 58.91 61.40 63.90 66.33
41 0 55.72 58.28 60.78 63.34 65.83
428 55.04 57.60 60.15 62.71 65.27
446 54.29 56.91 59.53 62.15 64.71
464 53.48 56.22 58.91 61.53 64.15
482 52.67 55.47 58.22 60.96 63.59
500 51.79 54.66 57.53 60.34 63.02
518 50.92 53.85 56.78 59.72 62.52
536 49.98 53.04 56.10 59.09 61.96
554 48.92 52.10 55.35 58.47 61.46
572 47.86 51.17 54.54 57.84 60.96
590 46.68 50.17 53.73 57.16 60.47
6 08 45.36 49.11 52.85 56.53 60.03
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626 43.93 - 47.92 51.92 55.91 59.53
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Power Law C u r v e - F i t A n a l y s i s ( 7 1
Assuming t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p , HB(T) = a4 ( T ) a 5
L e t y = HB(T)
x = T
and
Using t h e s e t o f d a t a p o i n t s i n Reference 4
n i s a p o s i t i v e i n t e g e r and n # 1.
Regression C o e f f i c i e n t s
a4 = exp - - a5 Innxi )]
C o e f f i c i e n t o f D e t e r m i n a t i o-
n
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..... . ..... ... ~. . . . . . . . ........
TABLE A 3
POWER LAk CURVE FIT-REGRESSION CCEFFICIENTS FROM DATfi-I N REFERENCE 4
BRINE SATURATED ENTHALPY, BUT/LGb;
TABLE A4
5 10 15 20 25
al = .969 al = .934 al = .894 al = ,847 al = .794
a2 = .043 a2 = .039 a2 = .035 a2 = .032 a 2 = ,030
a3 = 72.6 a3 = 73.72 a3 = 74.86 a3 = 76.21 a3 = 77.85
a4 = .275 a4 = .304 a4 = .340 a4 = .368 a4 = ,396
a5 = 1.1996 a 5 = '1.1746 a5 = 1.1480 a 5 = 1.1274 a5 = 1.1087
a = 2 . 4 6 9 ~ 1 0 -3 t = 2 . 3 4 4 ~ 1O i 3 c1 = 2 . 2 0 9 ~ 1 0a~ =~ 2.056~10:: cy. = 1.887xlOI;
* T,OF ~6 = 5 . 9 2 3 ~ 1 0 - ~ = 5 . 2 9 ~ 1 0 - ~ '8 = 4 . 6 7 5 ~ 1 0 B = 4.199x10 = 3.854~10
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t NOTICE
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