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    Impulse and Reaction Steam Turbines: Tribhuwan University Institute of Engineering Thapathali Campus

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    Prathap Vuyyuru
    The document presents information on impulse and reaction steam turbines. It discusses how steam turbines work by extracting thermal energy from steam to produce mechanical power. It classifies steam turbines as either impulse turbines, where steam pressure remains constant as it strikes turbine blades, or reaction turbines, where steam pressure gradually decreases as it expands through fixed and moving blades. The document provides details on the construction, working, and differences between impulse and reaction turbine designs.

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    Impulse and Reaction Steam Turbines: Tribhuwan University Institute of Engineering Thapathali Campus

    Uploaded by

    Prathap Vuyyuru
    31 views14 pages
    The document presents information on impulse and reaction steam turbines. It discusses how steam turbines work by extracting thermal energy from steam to produce mechanical power. It classifies steam turbines as either impulse turbines, where steam pressure remains constant as it strikes turbine blades, or reaction turbines, where steam pressure gradually decreases as it expands through fixed and moving blades. The document provides details on the construction, working, and differences between impulse and reaction turbine designs.

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    The document presents information on impulse and reaction steam turbines. It discusses how steam turbines work by extracting thermal energy from steam to produce mechanical power. It classifies steam turbines as either impulse turbines, where steam pressure remains constant as it strikes turbine blades, or reaction turbines, where steam pressure gradually decreases as it expands through fixed and moving blades. The document provides details on the construction, working, and differences between impulse and reaction turbine designs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views14 pages

    Impulse and Reaction Steam Turbines: Tribhuwan University Institute of Engineering Thapathali Campus

    Uploaded by

    Prathap Vuyyuru
    The document presents information on impulse and reaction steam turbines. It discusses how steam turbines work by extracting thermal energy from steam to produce mechanical power. It classifies steam turbines as either impulse turbines, where steam pressure remains constant as it strikes turbine blades, or reaction turbines, where steam pressure gradually decreases as it expands through fixed and moving blades. The document provides details on the construction, working, and differences between impulse and reaction turbine designs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    TRIBHUWAN UNIVERSITY

    INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
    THAPATHALI CAMPUS

    A PRESENTATION ON:
    IMPULSE AND REACTION STEAM TURBINES
    Presenter:
    Sushil Chapai (Champ)
    071-BME-440
    STEAM TURBINES
    A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from high
    temperature, pressurized steam and convert a part of the energy into
    mechanical power-in turn electrical power

    Prepared by Champ 2 8/8/2017


    Classification of steam turbines

    On the basis of action of steam, steam turbines are classified as:

    Impulse steam turbines


    Reaction steam turbines

    Prepared by Champ 3 8/8/2017


    Impulse steam turbines
     In impulse turbine, steam coming out through a fixed nozzle at a very high
    velocity strikes the blades fixed on the periphery of a rotor.

     The blades change the direction of steam flow without changing its
    pressure.

     The force due to change of momentum causes the rotation of the turbine
    shaft.

     Examples: De-Laval, Curtis and Rateau turbines.

    Prepared by Champ 4 8/8/2017


    Construction and working of impulse turbine
     The uppermost portion of the diagram shows a
    longitudinal section through the upper half of the
    turbine.
     The middle portion shows the actual shape of the
    nozzle and blading.
     The bottom portion shows the variation of
    absolute velocity and absolute pressure during the
    flow of steam through passage of nozzles and
    blades.
     The expansion of steam from its initial pressure
    (steam chest pressure) to final pressure (condenser
    pressure) takes place in one set of nozzles.
     Due to high drop in pressure in the nozzles, the
    velocity of steam in the nozzles increases.
    Prepared by Champ 5 8/8/2017
     The steam leaves the nozzle with a very high velocity
    and strikes the blades of the turbine mounted on a
    wheel with this high velocity.
     The loss of energy due to this higher exit velocity is
    commonly known as carry over loss (or) leaving
    loss.
     The pressure of the steam when it moves over the
    blades remains constant but the velocity decreases.
     The exit/leaving/lost velocity may amount to 3.3
    percent of the nozzle outlet velocity.
     Also since all the KE is to be absorbed by one ring of
    the moving blades only, the velocity of wheel is too
    high (varying from 25000 to 30000 RPM).
     However, this wheel or rotor speed can be reduced by
    adopting the method of compounding of turbines.
    Prepared by Champ 6 8/8/2017
    Please watch this video for working mechanism of
    impulse steam turbine:
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xdBOwYHKbQ

    Prepared by Champ 8/8/2017


    7
    Reaction steam turbines
    A turbine in which steam pressure decreases gradually while expanding through the
    moving blades as well as the fixed blades is known as reaction turbine.

    It consists of a large number of stages, each stage consisting of set of fixed and moving
    blades. The heat drop takes place throughout in both fixed and moving blades.

    No nozzles are provided in a reaction turbine. The fixed blades act both as nozzles in
    which velocity of steam increased and direct the steam to enter the ring of moving
    blades. As pressure drop takes place both in the fixed and moving blades, all the blades
    are nozzle shaped.

    The steam expands while flowing over the moving blades and thus gives reaction to the moving
    blades. Hence the turbine is called reaction turbine.

    The fixed blades are attached to the casing whereas moving blades are fixed with the rotor.
    It is also called Parson’s reaction turbine.
    Prepared by Champ 8 8/8/2017
    Fig: Reaction turbine
    Prepared by Champ 9 8/8/2017
    Working animation of the reaction turbine

    Prepared by Champ 8/8/2017


    10
    IMPULSE TURBINE VS REACTION TURBINE
    Impulse turbine Reaction turbine
     The steam completely expands in the nozzle and its  The steam expands partially in the nozzle and further
    pressure remains constant during its flow through the expansion takes place in the rotor blades
    blade passages

     The relative velocity of steam passing over the blade  The relative velocity of steam passing over the blade
    remains constant in the absence of friction increases as the steam expands while passing over
    the blade
     Blades are symmetrical  Blades are asymmetrical
     The pressure on both ends of the moving blade is  The pressure on both ends of the moving blade is
    same different
     For the same power developed, as pressure drop is  For the same power developed, as pressure drop is
    more, the number of stages required are less small, the number of stages required are more

     The blade efficiency curve is less flat  The blade efficiency curve is more flat
     The steam velocity is very high and therefore the  The steam velocity is not very high and therefore the
    speed of turbine is high.
    Prepared by Champ
    speed of turbine is
    11
    low. 8/8/2017
    IMPULSE TURBINE VS REACTION TURBINE

    Prepared by Champ 12 8/8/2017


    References:

     http://www.slideshare.net/sumit2549/sumit-sharma-panchli-shanti-institute-of-
    technology-kurali-meerut-btech-me-2nd-year-ppt-on-steam-turbine

     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbine

     https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xdBOwYHKbQ

     https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyAd-gLO9CE

    Prepared by Champ 13 8/8/2017


    Prepared by Champ 14 8/8/2017

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