The document discusses sewerage systems in Malaysia. There are two main types: individual septic tanks and public sewerage treatment plants. Malaysia's most common system is the individual septic tank, which serves an estimated 1.2 million premises. Septic tanks provide partial treatment of sewage and require regular desludging. Public sewerage treatment plants are more expensive but produce purified effluent through multi-stage treatment processes like screening, grit removal, aeration, sedimentation, sludge removal, and disinfection.
The document discusses sewerage systems in Malaysia. There are two main types: individual septic tanks and public sewerage treatment plants. Malaysia's most common system is the individual septic tank, which serves an estimated 1.2 million premises. Septic tanks provide partial treatment of sewage and require regular desludging. Public sewerage treatment plants are more expensive but produce purified effluent through multi-stage treatment processes like screening, grit removal, aeration, sedimentation, sludge removal, and disinfection.
The document discusses sewerage systems in Malaysia. There are two main types: individual septic tanks and public sewerage treatment plants. Malaysia's most common system is the individual septic tank, which serves an estimated 1.2 million premises. Septic tanks provide partial treatment of sewage and require regular desludging. Public sewerage treatment plants are more expensive but produce purified effluent through multi-stage treatment processes like screening, grit removal, aeration, sedimentation, sludge removal, and disinfection.
The document discusses sewerage systems in Malaysia. There are two main types: individual septic tanks and public sewerage treatment plants. Malaysia's most common system is the individual septic tank, which serves an estimated 1.2 million premises. Septic tanks provide partial treatment of sewage and require regular desludging. Public sewerage treatment plants are more expensive but produce purified effluent through multi-stage treatment processes like screening, grit removal, aeration, sedimentation, sludge removal, and disinfection.
activities, either from households, institutions, commercial areas, government complexes, or industrial premises.
This includes all discharge from toilets,
SEWERAGE household washings, kitchens, laundry,
bathrooms, showers, i.e. all domestic or human-
SYSTEM related activities
Also known as wastewater; carrying body
wastes, washing water, food preparation wastes, laundry wastes, and other waste products
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There are mainly two types of sewerage
SEWERAGE RETICULATION systems/services in Malaysia. The Is a system of networking of pipeworks usually installed premises' sewerage systems are either below ground level to convey the discharge from sanitary connected to a public sewage treatment fittings to a suitable disposal installation. plant or have an individual septic tank.
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Individual Septic Tank
Premises with a proper individual septic tank (Malaysian Individual Septic Tank Standards - MS 1228 ) has rectangular metal covers and is usually located outside the premises compound either at the side, rear or front.
The septic tank only provides partial treatment of the sewage
that flows into it and needs to be desludged on a regular basis, approximately once in two years, to ensure that it functions efficiently.
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INDIVIDUAL SEPTIC TANK Individual Septic Tank
Septic tanks usually comprise two chambers and do not fully treat sewage. They are settlement tanks that require regular desludging.The maximum amount of sludge that a septic tank can store is approximately a third of its total volume. Raw sewage flows into septic tanks, and solid matter or sludge settles to the bottom. Oil and grease from the sewage floats to the top, forming a layer of scum. Scum prevents oxygen from dissolving in the sewage and results in anaerobic digestion taking place. If desludging is not carried out, the sludge level may exceed maximum level. This will result in an incomplete breakdown of sewage and thus, untreated sewage and sludge solids will be released from the septic tank Malaysia's most common form of sewerage system is the individual septic tank (IST). There are an estimated 1.2 million into the drain. Where septic tanks have a filter bed after the settlement premises with individual septic tanks in the country. chamber, the filter beds will become choked. This too will result in untreated sewage and sludge solids being discharged into drains. 7 8 12/05/2020
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SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANT :-
The preferred and more expensive system
Public Sewerage Treatment Plant Pump sump is a part of sewerage treatment
plant
The installation produce a purified liquid
outflow
That can be discharged to nearby ditches and
streams without causing pollution of water supplies.
Similar to a septic tank causes solid sewage
to settle
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Public Sewerage Treatment Plant
Public Sewerage Treatment Plant Screening In Malaysia, 38% of public sewage treatment plants in the The influent sewage water passes through a bar screen to country are mechanical plants.These plants operate using remove all large objects like cans, rags, sticks, plastic mechanical equipment that accelerates sewage break down. packets etc. carried in the sewage stream. Grit Removal Chamber - where the velocity of the incoming sewage is adjusted to allow the settlement of sand, grit, stones, and broken glass Aeration Air pumped into large aeration tanks mixes the wastewater and sludge that stimulates the growth of oxygen. produces heavier particles that will settle later in 13 14 the treatment process.
Public Sewerage Treatment Plant
Sedimentation / Clarifier the process of removing suspended solids from water. The tanks are used to settle sludge while grease and oils rise to the surface and are skimmed off. Sludge Removal Most sludge is disposed of in landfills or spread on land Disinfection Purpose is to substantially reduce the number of microorganisms in the water to be discharged back into the environment for the later use of drinking, bathing, 15 irrigation, etc. 16 12/05/2020
SAMPLE
pretreatment SEWERAGE SYSTEM Aeration tank
Influent pipe Sludge holding tank
clarifier Control room
Disinfection chamber Sludge drying bed
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ARRANGEMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES Principles of Good Sewerage Reticulation System
• Materials should have adequate strength and durability
• Diameter of drain to be as small as practicable
• Every part of a drain should be accessible for the purposes of
inspection and cleansing.
• Drains should be laid in straight runs as far as possible
• Drains must be laid to a gradient that will render them
efficient
• Inspection chambers and manholes should be placed at changes
Cross-section Of Front Road of direction and gradient. 19 20 12/05/2020
SEWERAGE RETICULATION SYSTEM
Material Combined System • The discharge from sanitary fittings and surface Sewer Pipe water drainage is combined in one drain. Separate System Reinforced HDPE • One pipe/drain receives the surface water discharge Concrete and the other drain receives the discharge from baths, basins, sinks, showers and water closets. Clay UPVC Pipe Pipe Cast Partially Separate System Iron Pipe • One drain carry surface water only and the other act 21 as a combined system. 22
SEWERAGE PIPE (WASTE WATER) INSTALLATION :
Material Installation & Laying Of HDPE Pipe
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DRAIN LAYING DRAIN LAYING
• Excavate to required depth • Lay pipe with its suitable jointing. • Bottom – shall be carefully trimmed and leveled, well • The pipe should be inspected to ensure that it is sound Excavation rammed and consolidated to ensure good solid foundations. Pipe Laying and that the ends are undamaged.
• If required – to prevent the sidewalls from collapse. • Materials from stones or rocks or other hard materials • Bracing refers to crosspieces extending from one side to shall be carefully spread along the trench bottom Sheeting and Bracing another. Backfilling between the pipes and trench walls
• Keep excavation area free from water. • Inspection chambers over 1m to invert. • The problem or ground water can be prevented by lowering • To provide a drain access point for cleansing and Dewatering the ground water table with well point. of Excavation Manholes testing.
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SEWERAGE PIPE (WASTE WATER) INSTALLATION : SEWERAGE PIPE (WASTE WATER) INSTALLATION : Drain testing will be carry out after the backfilling of the drain Leakage Test (Litre/sec) trench has taken place 1 2 3 Acceptable water loss Water Test Max loss per metre Tested by water pressure Pipe Dia in 30 [mm] mins Water tightness under pressure [litres] 100 0.05 To test whether there is any escape of 150 0.08 water or leakage. 225 0.11 5 300 0.15 400 0.20 4 6 450 0.23 500 0.25 600 0.30 750 0.38 12/05/2020
SEWERAGE PIPE (WASTE WATER) INSTALLATION :
Air Test This is not a particularly conclusive test, but it is sometimes used in special circumstances such as large diameter of pipes where a large quantity of water would be required. Air is pumped into the pipeline, the pressure is exactly 100mm on the manometer scale. The manometer is then monitored for 5 minutes; the level of water in the manometer should not fall below the 75mm mark. 30
SEWERAGE PIPE (WASTE WATER) INSTALLATION :
CCTV Test (Curved, Oval-shaped, Blockage & Leakage)
SEWERAGE PIPE INSTALLATION 1 2 3 SEWERAGE /CCTV
Modern technology
Visual inspection of the inside of drains runs by
the use of a small camera
Provide a moving picture record on a monitor of
the view of the inside of the drain. 4 5 12/05/2020
SEWERAGE PIPE (WASTE WATER) INSTALLATION :
Maintenance of Sewer Gradient Flow Test Blockages Is carried out to detect any blockage and any Full or partial restrictions within the sewer and most settlement occurs along the pipe line. commonly found in small diameter pipes.
Sedimentation Gradient flow test is done by using two types of ball Any settle able particulate material that may under (tennis and pimpong) certain condition, form bed deposits in sewer
SEWER CLEANING TECHNIQUE Pipe & Manhole Cleaning Cross-section Of Back Lane
Sewerage
Drainage Telekom 37
PROPOSED MAIN TRUNK SEWER RETICULATION (MTL) FOR PROPOSED MAIN TRUNK SEWER RETICULATION (MTL) FOR BANDAR BARU SALAK TINGGI (BBST) CATCHMENT MUKIM DENGKIL, BANDAR BARU SALAK TINGGI (BBST) CATCHMENT MUKIM DENGKIL, DAERAH SEPANG,SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN. DAERAH SEPANG,SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN.
PROGRESS OF WORKDONE PHOTO
Material : RCP Spigot-socket & PC Manhole ( 1,200 dia. Pipe)
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PROPOSED MAIN TRUNK SEWER RETICULATION (MTL) FOR
BANDAR BARU SALAK TINGGI (BBST) CATCHMENT MUKIM DENGKIL, DAERAH SEPANG,SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN.
Rainwater Harvesting: Understanding the Basics of Rainwater Harvesting (Transform Your Home and Farm With Rainwater to Uncover Self-sufficiency Secrets)
Rainwater Harvesting: Understanding the Basics of Rainwater Harvesting (Transform Your Home and Farm With Rainwater to Uncover Self-sufficiency Secrets)
