Gen Math-4 PDF
Gen Math-4 PDF
Gen Math-4 PDF
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
Module 4
ELIZABETH J. GABUTAN
WRITER
FELISA G. BASIJAN EdD
Editor
EMELITA D. BAUTISTA EdD
VALIDATOR
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i
SHS
General
Mathematics
First Quarter – Module 4:
Exponential Functions
ii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module is intended to ensure learning continuity under the new ‘normal’ in
education amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. It is designed to foster the fundamental
skills in solving exponential functions. The spread of covid 19 in the whole world is said
to grow exponentially. What does it mean? We will try to analyze that as we go along the
lessons involving exponential functions through activities that were carefully developed
to ensure that our learners are properly assisted towards achieving the best learning
outcomes.
As the learning facilitator, you are requested to orient your learners on the proper
use of this module and assist para-teachers such as parents, elder siblings and other
significant adults to understand their potent role in optimizing this learning material
towards developing mutual responsibility for children’s success under the distant
learning set up.
Finally, please do not forget to remind the learners to use separate sheets in
answering the pre-test, self-check exercises, and post-test.
In the beginning of each lesson, you will review related concepts. Then, you will
discover what the learning episode is about. After the presentation of concepts, you will
do self-check exercises that will lead you to an application task. Finally, you will be
guided in managing your takeaways.
The following are the standard symbols (icons) used to represent some parts of
the module:
1
This part contains the learning objectives covered
by the material. It also introduces the
topic/content of the module briefly.
2
Since the module highlight a specific theme, it will also help you appreciate
the use of what you learn in daily life and expand your understanding of the
community you live in and beyond.
Please handle this module with utmost care and use separate sheets in
answering the activities.
Happy learning!
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you accurately construct mathematical models to represent real-life situations
using functions. After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. x(x2)(x3) 6. 01(10)
2.
2x
5
7.
(3)(10 )(4)(10 )
−3 5
2
y 2(10) 4
3. (a-3b2)-2 8. (27 )−3 / 2
4.
(x ) x
−3 2 5
5 xy3
9. 5 2
3
x −1 2x y
5. (-5xy)3 10. 10 + 20 + 30 + . . . + n0
1. 3 = 27x 3. ( 27 )
x
=
1
81
4. 4x + 42x + 2 =
43x
8x
x ( x )+1 1
1. f(x) = 64 – 4x-3 x+1
4. f(x) = 16 −
2
x
1
2. f ( x) = − 8 5. f(x) = 5(49)x – 35
2
3. 72x=1/7
4
LT
Exponential Functions
4
Exponential functions are used to model populations growth, , compute
investments, as well as many other applications like the increase of Covid-19 in
the Philippines. Experts from University of the Philippines predicted, using
mathematical applications, that by the end of June, 2020, there will be 40, 000
cases of covid-19 in the country, while more than 90,000 cases by the end of
July, 2020.
During this pandemic, let us analyze how many people will be infected if
we do not follow the minimum health protocols set by the government.
Suppose, there is one person in the community with Covid 19, without his
knowledge he continuously mingle with other people and while doing so, 2
people got infected by the virus, Later these 2 people passed the virus to 2
different sets of people, and so on. Imagine how many people will be affected
after few months.
5
In the expression 𝑏 𝑥 , x is the exponent while b is called the base
which is used as a factor.
3. (–3)4 Answer: 81
4. –34 Answer: –81
−5 3 −125
5. ( ) Answer:
4 64
Laws of Exponents
6
Exercises: Evaluate and simplify (remove negative and fractional exponents)
3 −1
7. 17. 3(x + y)0
3 −3
125a 4 b 2 𝟓 −𝟒
8. 18. ( )
25a 5 b 2 𝟑
−1
2 −3 a −2 m
9. 32 · 33 19. −1
−2
4 am
Solution:
𝑓(2) = 22 = 4
1
𝑓(−2) = 2−2 =
4
1
1
𝑓 ( ) = (2)2 = √2
2
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Example 2: Exponential Decay
A chemist has 960 grams of a radioactive kind of yttrium. How much will be left
after 30 hours if its half-life is 10 hours?
1 𝑡 ⁄10
𝑓(𝑥) = 960 ( )
2
1 30⁄10 1 3 1
𝑓(30) = 960 ( ) = 960 ( ) = 960 ( ) = 120
2 2 8
Suppose a population of bacteria doubles every week, and there were initially
50 bacteria, how many bacteria will there be after 4 weeks.
Solution:
Formula: 𝑦 = 50(2)𝑡
𝑦 = 100,000 (1.05)𝑡
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Exponential Function, Exponential Equation and Exponential Inequality
Definition Examples
An exponential equation is an
equation involving exponential
3𝑥+1 = 729
expressions
An exponential inequality is an
1
inequality involving exponential 52𝑥 ≤
expressions 25
3x – 2x = 6 + 3 solve for x
9
2
4.2) 9𝑥 = 3𝑥+3
2
(32 )𝑥 = (3)𝑥+3 write 9 as a power of 3
2
(3)2𝑥 = (3)𝑥+3 apply laws of exponents, power rule
2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0 solve for x
(2x – 3)(x + 1) = 0
3
x = − or x = –1
2
If 0 < b < 1, then the exponential function 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 is decreasing for all values of
x. This means that 𝑏 𝑥 > 𝑏 𝑦 if and only if x < y.
3𝑥 < (3)2𝑥−4
Since the base 3 > 1, then we can write the exponents as:
x < 2x – 4 retain the direction of the symbol of inequality
4 < 2x – x
1 𝑥+5 1 3𝑥
5.2) ( ) ≥ ( )
10 100
1 𝑥+5 1 3𝑥
( ) ≥ ( 2)
10 10
1 𝑥+5 1 6𝑥
( ) ≥ ( )
10 10
10
1
Since the base < 1, then we can write the exponents as:
10
5 < 6x – x
5 ≤ 5𝑥
1 ≤𝑥
Thus, the solution set is [1, ∞ )
Note: You can verify that x =2 and 3 are solutions, but x = 0 and 1 are not solutions
1. 6𝑥 = 216
1 2𝑋
2. (2) = 23−𝑋 , Hint: write
1
2
𝑎𝑠 2−1
3. 42𝑥+7 ≤ 322𝑥−3
4. 812𝑥+7 = 3𝑥+8
2 5𝑥−1 25
5. (5) > 4
Table of Values:
x –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
1 1 1 1
f(x) 1 1 4 8
16 9 4 2
11
y
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 O 1 2 3 4 x
-1
-2
It can be observed that the function is defined for all values of x, and is strictly
increasing, and attains only positive y values. As x decreases, without bound, the
function approaches 0. We can conclude that :
There is no x – intercept.
The horizontal asymptote is the line y = 0, or the x-axis.
There is no vertical asymptote.
1 𝑥
Example 7: Consider the function: 𝑓(𝑥) = ( )
2
Table of Values:
x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
f(x) 1
9 4 2 2 4 9 16
12
y
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 O 1 2 3 4 x
-1
-2
It can be observed that the function is defined for all values of x, and is strictly
decreasing, and attains only positive y values. As x increases, without bound, the
function approaches 0. We can conclude that :
Exponential Growth
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𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐴0 (1 + 𝑟)𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = 𝐴0 (1 + 𝑟)𝑡
Exponential Decay
Example 9: Suppose a radioactive substance decays at the rate of 4% per hour. What
percent of the substance is left after 6 hours?
Example 10. Mr. Gonzales bought a brand new car in 2019 that cost P1,200,000.00.
The car’s value depreciates by 7 % each year. How much will the car be worth at the
end of 2023?
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The mathematical model for this problem is.
If 0 < b < 1, then the exponential function 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 is decreasing for all values of
x. This means that 𝑏 𝑥 > 𝑏 𝑦 if and only if x < y.
ENRICHMENT
A. Sketch the graph of the following functions and compare the domain, range,
x-intercept, y-intercept, horizontal and vertical asymptote.
SET A SET B
➢ 𝑦 = 2𝑥
➢ 𝑦 = 2𝑥
➢ 𝑦 = 2𝑥+2
➢ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2
➢ 𝑦 = 2𝑥−2
➢ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2
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2. The half-life of a radioactive kind of bismuth is 5 days. How much will be left after
10 days, if you start with 32 grams of it?
3. How much of a radioactive kind of iodine will be left after 39 hours if you start
with 64 grams and the half-life is 13 hours?
Reflect!
Hey, I got it! Wait! I need to practice Help! I don’t
I learned … with… understand…
17
On July 14, 2020, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Philippine
representative said that the increase in the country’s COVID-19 positivity rate is
“worrying” since the uptick suggests a continuing transmission of the virus. He noted
that the positivity rate of coronavirus cases in the Philippines increased to up to 7.8
percent from the 6.5 percent. If the rate of 7.8 percent will continue, and there are
already 120,000 cases, how many will be the expected number of positive covid-19
cases after15 days?
What do you think can you contribute as a Senior High School student and as a
citizen of our country, in order to help the government and our family?
1. 2𝑛 = 32 6. 72𝑥 + 3 ∙ 7𝑥
1 𝑥
2. 𝑦 = ( ) 7. 52𝑥 + 3 ∙ 5𝑥 + 2 = 0
4
3. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 4 8. 𝑦 = 22𝑥−1
2 𝑥 3 𝑥 16
5. ( ) > 1 10. ( ) ≤
5 2 81
B. Multiple Choice:
1. Which of the following is not true about the base exponential function 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 ?
a. b ∈ ℝ c. b > 0
b. 0 < b < 1 d. b ≠ 1
2 𝑥
2. If 𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) , find (−3) .
5
8 125 8 125
a. b. c. − d. −
125 8 125 8
18
3. If 𝑓(𝑥) = (5)𝑥 , find (−3) .
1 1
a. 125 b. −125 c. d. −
125 125
1
1. 9𝑥−1 = 6. 16𝑥−1 > 22𝑥+2
81
3 4𝑥 9 2𝑥
4. 33−𝑥 = 243 9. ( ) < ( )
5 25
1 𝑥+4 1 1 2𝑥
5. ( ) = 10. ( ) ≥ 9−𝑥
5 625 3
1. A certain municipality has a population with growth rate of 3.8% per year and
the current population is 35,000, what will the population be 5 years from
now?
2. The half-life of a radioactive kind of bismuth is 5 days. How much will be left
after 10 days, if you start with 32 grams of it?
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What’s In 1. Assessment
References
1. Teaching Guide for Senior High School, General Mathematics, Published by the
Commission on Higher Education, 2016
2. Exponents, n.d, Retrieved from,
https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/exponent-laws.html
3. Laws of Exponents, n.d, Retrieved from,
http://www.math.com/school/subject2/lessons/S2U2L2DP.html
4. Exponential decay, n.d., Retrieved from, https://www.ixl.com/math/algebra-
1/exponential-growth-and-decay-word-problems
5. Exponential decay, (n.d), Retrieved from,
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra-home/alg-exp-and-log/alg-intro-
to-rate-of-exponential-growth-and-decay/v/word-problem-solving-exponential-
growth-and-decay
6. Ramos, Christia Marie, July 14, 2020, Retrieved from
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1306674/who-worries-over-very-slowly-
increasing-rate-of-phs-covid-19-cases#ixzz6UEHaFH19
7. Exponential Growth, (n.d), Retrieved from,
https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/Calc/08%20-
%20Exponential%20Growth%20and%20Decay.pdf
8. Exponential Equation and Inequalities, (n.d.) Retrieved from:
http://glencoe.com/sites/common_assets/mathematics/alg2_2010/other_cal_
keystrokes/TI-Nspire/Nspire_483_484_C08_L02A_888482.pdf
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