Linking Words II PDF
Linking Words II PDF
Linking Words II PDF
Linking words
Preposition
Prepositions of time
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Linking words – A2 level
Prepositions of place
at
in
near
on
under
between
behind
opposite
across in front of
Example:
• My mom is at home.
• My sister is in her room.
• I'm standing near the window.
To use basic prepositions of place correctly, there are some general rules you can follow.
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Linking words – A2 level
Note: Sometimes at and in can be used interchangeably. This is often true when referring to an
event rather than to a literal place.
Example:
• Paul isn't available. He's at/in a meeting.
Note: Compare the use of at, in, and on in the following combined examples.
Example:
• I'm at the airport, in the passenger lounge on the second floor.
• The directors are at a convention in London.
• You will find refreshments in the lounge on the third floor.
• Take the elevator and turn right at the water fountain. The lounge is on your right.
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Linking words – A2 level
in - to - at - on - off
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Linking words – A2 level
Final preposition
Prepositions can be placed after verbs in the following kinds of prepositional clauses:
Note: Final prepositions are very common in writing and dominant in speech. Nevertheless, many
Americans still follow a traditional rule according to which no sentence must ever end with a
preposition. Following this rule entails placing prepositions before their objects.
Example:
• He is the one to whom I addressed my complaint.
• With what money are you planning to buy the car?
at - about - in - on - for
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Linking words – A2 level
by + gerund Example:
• How did she gain so much weight? (She
gained weight) By eating a lot of sweets.
• How did he get that position? (He got that
position) By working hard.
Note:
By + noun of means of transport (by bus, by train, by plane / by air, by car) is also used.
By is also used to explain how something is done: by fax, by hand, by check.
Hand in hand - To beat around the bush - It's a mouthful - As a matter of fact - By word of mouth
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Do they use a travel agent? (five years) They've been using a travel agent for five years.
Does she fly first-class? (since 1998)
Does he work in Chicago? (since last winter)
Do you take taxis? (all my life)
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Linking words – A2 level
‘Within’
The preposition 'within' often refers to Example:
space. • Her office is within the sales department.
‘Within…of’
'Within . . . of' expresses the distance Example:
between two points in space, or the period • Our house is within two miles of the station.
between two points in time. • We finished the project within a day of its
deadline.
from - at - on – within
by - within - in
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Linking words – A2 level
Adverbs
'Too' - 'Too much'
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Linking words – A2 level
Adverbs of time
• Always
• Never
• Sometimes
• Often
• No longer
• Not…anymore
• Soon
• Already
• Still
• Usually
• Ever
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Linking words – A2 level
The synonyms 'also,' 'as well' and 'too' are placed differently within sentences.
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'That,' in addition to being used as a demonstrative, can also be used as an adverb. When used as
an adverb it goes before an adjective or other adverb.
Example:
• Was the fog that thick?
• I had no idea I was that far in the red.
• Are you that afraid?
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Linking words – A2 level
'Still' - 'Yet'
‘Still’
'Still' indicates continuity or a link with the Example:
past. • Is it still open?
• I'm still hesitating.
‘Yet’
'Yet' implies that the action or state Example:
described may still occur in the future. • He has yet to learn.
Example:
Note: 'Yet' may be used with 'nobody.' Nobody has arrived yet.
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Linking words – A2 level
‘Yet’
Yet is used in questions talking about an Example:
event that is waiting to happen. Have you met him yet?
‘Not yet’
In the negative form, not (. . .) yet is used. Example:
We haven't started watching the video yet,
you can join us.
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Linking words – A2 level
'Ever' - 'Never'
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Placement of 'enough'
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A great deal of open questions (to which one can't answer either yes or no) are formed as
follows:
Example:
• How tall are you?
• How high is Mount Everest?
• How often do you go to the cinema?
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Linking words – A2 level
'Here' - 'There'
I've never been to the convention center. Can you tell me how to get ?
it - here - there
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The adverb 'even' expresses the unexpected or paradoxical nature of something and precedes the
word it modifies.
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Conjunctions
'Either . . . or' - 'Neither . . . nor'
Do you change planes in Atlanta or New York? I change planes in either Atlanta or New York.
Will you visit Pittsburgh or Philadelphia?
Does the bus stop in Cleveland or Columbus?
Will we spend the night in Detroit or in Des
Moines?
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Linking words – A2 level
'Till' - 'Until'
'Until' and 'till', which is normally reserved for speech, have the same meaning.
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Linking words – A2 level
By word of mouth means that you heard about it from other people.
Do they use a travel agent? (five years) They've been using a travel agent for five years.
Does she fly first-class? (since 1998) She's been flying first-class since 1998.
She has been flying first-class since 1998.
Does he work in Chicago? (since last winter) He's been working in Chicago since last winter.
He has been working in Chicago since last
winter.
Do you take taxis? (all my life) I've been taking taxis all my life.
I have been taking taxis all my life.
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Linking words – A2 level
Adverbs - Solutions
'Too' - 'Too much' – Solution(s)
'Too' - 'Too much' – Exercise – Word order
No, I would never say anything that might hurt your feelings.
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I've never been to the convention center. Can you tell me how to get there?
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Linking words – A2 level
Conjunctions – Solution(s)
'Either . . . or' - 'Neither . . . nor' – Solution(s)
'Either . . . or' - 'Neither . . . nor' – Exercise – Sentence practice
Answer the question as in the example:
Do you change planes in Atlanta or New York? I change planes in either Atlanta or New York.
Will you visit Pittsburgh or Philadelphia? I'll visit either Pittsburgh or Philadelphia.
I'll either visit Pittsburgh or Philadelphia.
I'll either visit Pittsburgh or visit Philadelphia.
I will visit either Pittsburgh or Philadelphia.
I will either visit Pittsburgh or Philadelphia.
I will either visit Pittsburgh or visit Philadelphia.
We'll visit either Pittsburgh or Philadelphia.
We'll either visit Pittsburgh or Philadelphia.
We'll either visit Pittsburgh or visit Philadelphia.
We will visit either Pittsburgh or Philadelphia.
We will either visit Pittsburgh or Philadelphia.
We will either visit Pittsburgh or visit Philadelphia.
Does the bus stop in Cleveland or Columbus? The bus stops either in Cleveland or in Columbus.
The bus stops in either Cleveland or Columbus.
The bus either stops in Cleveland or in Columbus.
The bus either stops in Cleveland or Columbus.
Will we spend the night in Detroit or in Des We'll spend the night either in Detroit or in Des
Moines? Moines.
We'll either spend the night in Detroit or in Des
Moines.
We'll spend the night either in Detroit or Des
Moines.
We'll either spend the night in Detroit or Des
Moines.
We'll spend the night in either Detroit or Des
Moines.
We will spend the night either in Detroit or in Des
Moines.
We will either spend the night in Detroit or in Des
Moines.
We will spend the night either in Detroit or Des
Moines.
We will either spend the night in Detroit or Des
Moines.
We will spend the night in either Detroit or Des
Moines.
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