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‫ﻞ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬

‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫دورة ر‬
‫ور‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪SAP 2000‬‬
‫ﺎ‬

‫إﻋﺪاد‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻡ‪ /‬ﺃﺃﲪﺪ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺍﻟ ﺎ‬
‫‪Mobile : 010 144 2650 – 018 9660192‬‬ ‫‪e-mail : [email protected]‬‬
Flat Slab and Paneled Beam Example :
Floor Height = 3.50 Meters

‫ ﺳﻢﻢ‬60 ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻟﺒﺸﺔ ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺳﻤﻚ‬


‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ر‬
ton,m,C ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ وهﻲ‬-
.. concrete ‫ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺎدة ﺟﺪﻳﺪة وﻧﺴﻤﻴﻬﺎ‬-
Define > Material > Add new material
: ‫ﻧﻌﻄﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﺨﻮاص اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

Material name : Conc


Material type : concorete
Weight per unit volume = 2.5
Modulus of Elasticity = 2.2e6
Poisson’s ratio = 0.2
Specified compression strength=2500

‫ ﻧﻜﻮن ﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬Ok ‫و ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ‬


‫•ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ‪....‬‬
‫‪.((Beam‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ )‪25 x 60‬‬‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﺛﺎ ﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻔﺮض اان اﻟﻘﻄﺎ‬
‫ﻔ‬
‫آﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪ Define > Sections properties > Frame Sections‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﺤﺪد ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬
‫‪ rectangular sec‬آﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ‪ ..‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻻﻣﺮ ‪:‬‬


‫آﻤــــﺎ هﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫‪Define > section properties > Area section‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻲ ان ﻳﻜﻮن هﻨﺎك ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺎت ‪:‬‬


‫‪Section (Flat) = 0.20 m‬‬
‫‪Section (Solid) = 0.12 m‬‬
Solid Section Flat Section
XY ‫ و ذﻟﻚ ﻻ ﺣﻞ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت آﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي‬XY ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي‬grid lines ‫•ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ‬
D fi > C
Define Coordinate
di t S Sys/grids
/ id > select
l t (G
(General)
l) and
d press M
Modify
dif

In X Dir:
0 , 3 , 5 , 9 and 13
In Y Dir:
0 , 3 , 6 , 12 and 18
I z Dir
In Di :
Zero only

XY ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻔﻌﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي‬


‫ او ﻣﻦ أﻳﻘﻮﻧﺔ‬view ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
XY ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي‬
‫‪-‬ﻧﺒﺪأ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ‪Drawing‬‬
‫‪-‬وﻧﺒﺪأ ﺑﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ‪) :‬آﻤﺮات اﻟﺴﻘﻒ اﻻول (‬
‫‪Draw > Quick draw Frame Element‬‬
‫آﺬﻟﻚ ااﻻﻣﺮ ‪Draw >Frame Element‬‬
‫و ﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ‪ beam‬و اﻟﺬي ﺳﺒﻖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬

‫‪ -‬وﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﻓﻲ اﻣﺎآﻨﻬﺎ آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ‪:‬‬


‫‪ -‬ﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ال ‪paneled beams‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻻﻣﺮ ‪Draw > Quick Draw secondary beams‬‬
‫و ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ‪ beam‬و اﻟﺬي ﺳﺒﻖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻟاﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬


‫ﻟ ﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد رﺳﻤﻬﺎ ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺳﻤﻬﺎ ‪ ....‬آﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪....‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ‪ Draw > Quick Draw Area‬و ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻲ ‪Solid‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﻤﺘﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‪.‬‬

‫وﻳﻼﺣﻆ ان اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ‬


‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ال ‪paneled beam‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﻮف ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت و ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪....‬‬
‫ﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟ ﺎﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ‪.‬آآﻤﺎﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜ ا‬
‫ﻘﺎﻃ ﺎ‬
‫‪Select slabs and joints around it …..‬‬
‫‪Then‬‬
‫‪Th‬‬
‫‪Edit > Edit Area > Divide Area‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬﻩ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات و اﻟـ ‪grid lines‬‬
‫‪****-‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت آﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺎ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻲ ﺑﻼﻃﺎت أﻗﻞ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﺠﻌﻞ اﻗﺼﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻟﻠـ ‪ Area‬ﻓﻲ آﻼ اﻹﺗﺠﺎهﻴﻦ ﻳﺴﺎوي ‪ 0.5‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪A i >A‬‬
‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Area > A‬‬
‫‪Automatic‬‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪ti A‬‬‫‪Area mesh‬‬
‫اﻻﻣﺮ ‪h ...‬‬
‫آﻠﻬﺎ ‪ ..‬ﺛﺛﻢ اﻻ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت آﻠ ﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟ ﻼﻃﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺎ‬
‫‪-‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻪ ﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ‪.....‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 0.5‬ﺘ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺎوي ‪0 5‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺎ‬
‫‪ Area‬ﺑﻌﺪﺪ اﻟﺘﻘ‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ أن أﻗأﻗﺼﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﺪ ﻟﻠﻟﻠـ‬
‫ﻧﺤﺪد ﻠ ﺎ‬
‫ﻧ ﺪد‬
‫‪-‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات وﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ‪....‬‬
‫‪Edit > Edit lines‬‬
‫‪li‬‬ ‫‪> Divide‬‬
‫‪Di id F‬‬‫‪Frames‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ‪...‬‬


‫و ﻧﺤﺮر اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺎط إرﺗﻜﺎزهﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻻﻣﺮ‬
‫‪Assign > Frame > Releases‬‬
‫و ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪ moment about 3‬و ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﺮي اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﺎ إذا آﺎن ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻌﺰم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ او‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎء ﻧﻤﻮذج اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪:Flat Slab‬‬

‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻄﺤﺔ ‪ Flat Slab‬ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻧﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ آﻤﺮات داﺧﻠﻬﺎ ‪....‬‬
‫إذا ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻄﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪...‬و ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ إﻋﺎدة رﺳﻤﻬﺎ ‪ ..‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫أﻣﺮ ‪ Replicate‬ﻟﺘﻜﺮار اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻘﻒ اﻻول ‪,,,‬و ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻧﺤﺪد ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻬﺎ ‪....‬‬
‫‪-------------------------------------‬‬
‫إذا ﻧﺨﺘﺎر آﻞ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻘﻒ اﻻول ‪ ....‬و ﻣﻦ اﻻﻣﺮ > ‪Edit > Replicate‬‬
‫و ﻧﺤﺪد اﻟﺘﻜﺮار ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪ Z‬ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ‪ 3.50‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﻘﻔﻴﻦ ﺳﻮف ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم أﻣﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫……> ‪Edit > Extrude‬‬
‫•ﻧﻔﺮض اوﻻ أن اﻻﻋﻤﺪة ‪ ..‬ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪...‬‬
‫‪C1 = 30 x 70 cm‬‬
‫‪C2 = 30 x 30 cm‬‬
‫)‪C3 (circular D = 45 cm‬‬

‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻟاﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎت‬


‫•إذا ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻟ ﻄ‬
‫‪Define > Section properties > Frame Section‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺮي ﻣﻦﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺮﻳ‬
‫ﻲ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮي‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ع ﺮ‬ ‫ﺮي ‪ ...‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎرر ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬
‫ﻗﻄﺎع داﺋﺮي‬
‫ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ع‬
‫*ﻹ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪.......‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﺎط أﻣﺎآﻦ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة ‪ C1 ...‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻻﻣﺮ ‪)...‬ﺗﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي ‪XY at Z=0.0‬‬
‫‪Edit > E‬‬
‫‪Extrude‬‬
‫‪t d >E‬‬‫‪Extrude‬‬
‫‪t d point‬‬
‫‪i t tto Frame‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ‪ C1‬و ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻻزاﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ‪ Z‬ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺪور ‪ 3.50‬ﻣﺘﺮ و ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻌﺪد ‪ 1.00‬آﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪.....‬‬
‫هﻮ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻧﻼﺣﻆ اﻧﻪ ﺗﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻓﻲ أﻣﺎآﻨﻬﺎ ‪...‬‬


‫‪ -‬ﻧﻜﺮر اﻻﻣﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة ‪ C2‬ﺛﻢ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ ‪ ... C3 ..‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﻜﻮن ﻗﺪ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬
‫وﺳﻬﻠﺔ‪....‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ و ﻬ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺮﻳ‬
‫ﺑ ﺮﻳ‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟـ ‪ grid lines‬أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ‪ 2D‬ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪..‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ اﻧﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي ‪ XY‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي ‪ XY at z = 0‬اﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي‬
‫‪ XY at z = 3.50‬و ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ‪ grid line‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ Z=0‬و آﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪z=3.50‬‬
‫** إذا ﻟﻟﻜﻲ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ‪ grid line‬ﻓﻲ ﻟاﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي ‪ ....... z = 3.50‬إﻣﺎ ان ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪ grid line‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪z=3.5‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ‪define > coordinate sys/grids > modify‬‬
‫ﻮم ﺑﺑﺎﻻﻣﺮﺮ‬
‫ﻮب ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ z = 3.50‬و ﻧﻘﻮم‬
‫ﻮي اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬
‫ﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي‬
‫ﺑﺈﺧﺘﻴﺎرر ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫أوو ‪ ...‬ﺑﺈ ﻴ‬
‫‪Edit > Edit points > add grid line at selected point‬‬
‫‪ g‬ﻋﻨﺪ هﺬا اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب‪.‬‬
‫ي ‪ Z‬ﻟﻴﻘﻮمم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ‪grid line‬‬
‫ﺛﻢﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي‬
‫* ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ‪ z‬اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻜﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي ‪ XY‬ﺑﺈﺳﺘﺨﺪام أزرار اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬
‫ﺑﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻻﻳﻘﻮﻧﺎت‪...‬‬
‫‪ /*/‬اﻻن ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي ‪ xy‬و ﻧﻨﺘﻘﻞ اﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ z = 3.50‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪ ..‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل زر اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻻﻋﻠﻲ ‪...‬‬
‫‪[ XY plane‬‬
‫‪l‬‬ ‫]‪att Z = 3.50‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ‪3 50] ...‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﻩ اﻟﻔ ﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫أﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي أ ﻠ‬
‫آﺘﺎﺑﺔﺔ اﻟ ﺘ‬
‫ﻳﻼﺣﻆ آﺘﺎ‬
‫و ﻼ ﻆ‬

‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ‬


‫ا‪ -‬ﻧﻘﻮم اﻻن ﺑﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﻟﻜ‬
‫ﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ‪Flat Slab‬‬

‫‪Assign > Area > Area section‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﻄﺤﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ و ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮمم ﺑﺈﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ‪Flat‬‬
‫و ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ زر اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ‪...‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟـ ‪ Flat Slab‬ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ آﻤﺮات وهﻤﻴﺔ ذات ﻗﻄﺎع ﻣﻬﻤﻞ‬
‫‪ 0.001‬و ﻧﺴﻤﻴﻪ ﻣﺜﻼ ‪imgBeam‬‬
‫‪0 001 x 0.001‬‬
‫وﻟﻴﻜﻦ ‪0 001‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪة هﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﻤﺮة اﻟﻮهﻤﻴﺔ هﻮ اﻧﻨﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻮزع ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻲ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‪.....‬‬

‫آﻤﺮات ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬
‫‪imgBeam‬‬

‫آﻤﺮات ﺑﻘﻄﺎع‬
‫‪Beam‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ‪ ....‬آﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ‬

‫أﻋﻤﺪة اﻟاﻟﺪور اﻻ ل‬
‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ ﻣﻊ أ ة‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮذج اﻟﻠ ﺸﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎء ﻧ ذ‬
‫وﻧﺒﺪأأ ﻓﻓﻲ ﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧ‬
‫اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرةﻋﻦ ﺑﻼﻃﺔ ﻣﺴﻄﺤﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺰة ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة و ذات ﺳﻤﻚ آﺒﻴﺮ ‪ 60‬ﺳﻢ و ﺗﺰﻳﺪ أﺑﻌﺎدهﺎ ‪ 1.0‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ آﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ )رﻓﺮﻓﺔ(‬
‫إذا ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ) ‪... (-3.50‬و ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ إﻋﺎدة رﺳﻤﻬﺎ ‪ ..‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫أﻣﺮ ‪ Replicate‬ﻟﺘﻜﺮار اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻘﻒ اﻻول ‪,,,‬و ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻧﺤﺪد ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻬﺎ ‪....‬‬
‫‪-------------------------------------‬‬
‫إذا ﻧﺨﺘﺎر آﻞ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻘﻒ اﻻول ‪ ....‬و ﻣﻦ اﻻﻣﺮ > ‪Edit > Replicate‬‬
‫و ﻧﺤﺪد اﻟﺘﻜﺮار ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪ Z‬ﺑﻤﻘﺪار )‪ (-3.50‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺮ > ‪Define > coordinate sys/grids‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ grid line‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ‪z = -3.50‬‬
‫‪XY at Z = -3.50‬‬ ‫*ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي ‪ xy‬اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮي اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺮﻓﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ‪ very easy‬إﺗﺒﻌﻨﻲ ﻟﻮ ﺳﻤﺤﺖ‪......‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ‪ ...‬و ﻣﻦ اﻻﻣﺮ > ‪ Edit > move‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻻزاﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪ Y‬ﺗﺴﺎوي ‪ 1.00‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﺎط ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻻﻳﻤﻦ ‪ ...‬و ﻣﻦ اﻻﻣﺮ > ‪ Edit > move‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻻزاﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪X‬‬
‫‪ 1.00‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪.‬و ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﺎط اﻻﺣﺮف ‪ ..‬آﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺎوي ‪1 00‬‬

‫‪dX= -1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪dY= -1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪dX = +1‬‬
‫‪dX= -1‬‬ ‫‪dY= +1‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ هﺎﺗﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ ‪ ...‬ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ إﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺼﻒ آﻠﻪ و اﻟﻌﻤﻮد آﻠﻪ ‪ ...‬ﻟﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺒﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ وهﻲ اﻓﻀﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫* ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻼﻃﺔ اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ و ﺳﻤﻜﻬﺎ ‪ 60‬ﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ define > Area sections‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫‪membrane‬‬‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪= 0.6‬‬
‫‪0 6 , Bending‬‬
‫‪B di = 0.6‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻤﻚ ‪0 6‬‬
‫‪ Raft‬و اﻟ ﻚ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﺑـ ‪R ft‬‬
‫‪ flat‬ﻧﻧﺴﻤﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺎ‬
‫‪fl t slab‬‬
‫ﻒ اﻟاﻟـ ‪l b‬‬
‫ﺗﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬

‫*ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﺧﺘﻴﺎر آﻞ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت و ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ‪Raft‬‬


‫اﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﻤﻴﻌﺎ‪.....‬‬
‫> ‪Assign > Area Sections‬‬
‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻻﺳﻢ ‪ Raft‬و ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪OK‬‬

‫•ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ‪ Extrude‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬


‫ﻓﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻟاﻟـ ‪ Flat Slab‬و ﻟﻟﻜﻦ هﻨﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن‬
‫آﻤﺎ ﻠ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻت ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ )‪(-3.50‬‬
‫* ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي ‪ xy‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ ‪ -3.50‬و ﻣﻦ اﻻﻣﺮ ‪Select > Select all‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط ﺣﻮﻟﻬﺎ ‪ )...‬اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ (‬

‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج و ﻧﺤﻦ‬


‫ااﻻن ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮلل اﻟاﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪات‬
: ‫اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬
DL = O.W + 0.15 (flooring) : ‫اﻻﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬
L. L = 0.5 t/m2
:‫اﻻﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ‬ : ‫اﻻﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬
DL = O.W + 0.2 (Flooring) DL = O.W + 0.9 ( wall load )
LL= 0.4 t\m2 L.L = load from Slabs ( sap will do it)

‫ ﻳﺴﺎوي‬self weight multiplier ‫ و ﻻ ﻧﻨﺴﻲ ان ﻧﺠﻌﻞ اﻟـ‬DL , LL ‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬-
.DL ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟـ‬1
Define > load pattern >
load combinations ‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﺎت‬-
Define > Load Combination > …..

‫•ﻧﻌﺮف اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ آﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ‬


Ult = 1.4 DL + 1.6 LL
Working = DL + LL
‫‪-‬ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ وهﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺔ و اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻏﺮف اﻻدارة اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة ﻟﻠﺼﺎﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ آﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻮزع‪.‬‬
‫‪Assign > Frame Load > Distributed‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ) ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺮض ان أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت (‬
‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻓﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻄﺤﺔ و آﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ‪ solid slab‬اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻘﻒ اﻻول‪.‬‬

‫)‪Assign > Area Load > Uniform (Shell‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻦ اﻻﻣﺮ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟـ ‪ DL‬و ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟـ ‪Flooring‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟـ ‪ LL‬و ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟـ ‪0.5‬ﻃﻦ‪/‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬

‫‪-‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪select > get pervious selection‬‬


‫اﻻﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺤﻤﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻓﻲ اﻻ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ آﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻗﻗﻤﻨﺎﻨﺎ ﺘ ﻠ ﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﺘ‬
‫ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟ ﻼﻃﺎت‬
‫و ذﻟﻚ ﻻﺧﺘ ﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬
‫و ﺑﻌﺪهﺎ )‪Assign > Area load > Uniform (shell‬‬
‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﺑﻼﻃﺔ اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻻﻣﺮ ‪-‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ) ‪(Raft‬‬
‫‪ Select > select > properties > area section‬و ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻄ‬

‫‪-‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻻﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻮزﻋﺔ آﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‪....‬‬


‫‪A i >A‬‬
‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Area lloads‬‬‫)‪d > uniform(shell‬‬
‫‪if‬‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ )‪( h ll‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻻ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻮزع ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟـ ‪0.2 = DL‬ﻃﻦ‪/‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻮزع ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟـ ‪ 0.4 =LL‬ﻃﻦ‪/‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
‫‪-‬ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺮآﺎﺋﺰ ‪ ...‬هﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺰ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ و ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻧﺒﺮآﺎت ‪ Springs‬و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫)‪K ((stiffness of springs‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ) ‪p g‬‬ ‫ﻦ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑ‬

‫)‪K ≈ 1000 to 1200 ( Bearing Capacity in Kg/cm2‬‬


‫ﺑﻔﺮض أن ‪ 1.1 = B.C‬آﺠﻢﻢ ‪ /‬ﺳﻢﻢ‪٢‬‬
‫إذا ‪K = 1.1 x 1200 = 1320 ...‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﺑﻼﻃﺔ اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ و ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻣﺮ‬


‫‪Assign > Area > Springs -‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟـ ‪spring stiffness per unit‬‬


‫‪area = 1320‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر وﺟﻪ اﻟﺘﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ و هﻮ اﻟـ ‪bottom‬‬

‫‪springs‬‬
‫ﻮن ﻗﺪ ﺣﺪدﻧﺎ اﻟـ ‪p g‬‬
‫ﻲ ‪ OK‬و ﻧﻜﻮن‬
‫‪-‬ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫‪-‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﺎط ﻋﻠﻲ اﻻرآﺎن‬
‫ﻲ اﺗﺠﺎهﺎت ‪ X‬و ‪Y‬‬
‫أﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪ springs‬ﻴ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ ‪p g‬‬ ‫و ﻧﺤﺪدهﺎ ﻬ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ أﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺮاﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﻧﺒﺮآﺎت‬
‫أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ رﺑﻊ اﻟـ ‪ stiffness‬اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ )‪(K = 100‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻻﻣﺮ ‪Assign >joint > Springs‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ و إﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪:‬‬
‫)‪Analyze > set analysis option > (choose Space Frame‬‬ ‫ﻦ اﻻﻣﺮﺮ‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ‪Run analysis‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻣﻦ اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ Display > show Deformed shape‬ﻻﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ واﻻزاﺣﺎت اﻟﺤﺎدﺛﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺄ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ ‪ Ult‬و آﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟـ ‪ solid slab‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻹﻇﻬﺎر ﻋﻠﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط آﻨﺘﻮر‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ ‪Uz‬‬
‫ﻲ اﻻﻣﺮﺮ ‪ draw as contour lines‬و ﻧﺨﺘﺎرر ﺮ‬‫ﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ووذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﺷﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ اﻻزاﺣﺎت اﻟﺮاﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ آﻞ ‪ joint‬و‬


‫آﺨﻄﻮط آﻨﺘﻮر ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ‪......‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻹﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ‬


‫آﻞ ﺑﺑﻼﻃﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻲ ﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
Deflection of paneled slab Deflection of Flat slab
- Deflection of Raft … yyou see that deflection value is small…..
‫‪-‬ﻻﻇﻬﺎر اﻟـ ‪ straining actions‬ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات واﻻﻋﻤﺪة ‪....‬‬
‫‪Di l > show‬‬
‫‪Display‬‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪fforces/stresses‬‬
‫‪/ t‬‬ ‫‪> Frames‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻻ‬
‫ﻧﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻌﺰم ﺑﺈﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ ‪ moment 3-3‬و ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪show values on diagram‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟـ ‪ 3D‬وﻟﻜﻨﻲ أﻓﻀﻞ إﻇﻬﺎرهﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟـ ‪ 2D‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي ‪ XZ‬و ﻧﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮي ﻠ‬
‫آﻞ ﺘ‬‫ﻻﻇﻬﺎرآﻞ‬
‫ﺎت ﻻﻇ ﺎ‬‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬
‫اﻟ ﺘ‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻨﺘﻘﻞ اﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي ‪ YZ‬ﻻﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻻﺧﺮ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات واﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬
‫ي ‪XZ‬‬‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ‪Y=0.0‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪Display > show forces and‬‬
‫‪stresses > shells‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ ‪ ult‬و ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺔ ‪ M22‬ﻓﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺎور‪.....‬‬
‫ﻻﺗﺴﺎع‬
‫ع‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮا ﻻ‬
‫واﺿﺤﺔ ﺮا‬‫ﻏﻴﺮ وا‬
‫ﻮان ﻴﺮ‬
‫اﻻﻟﻮان‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﺎت اﻻ‬
‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ أن ﻴ‬ ‫‪-‬ﻼ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎل ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻻﻟﻮان‪......‬‬

‫أﺧﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ان ﺗﻨﻈﺮ اﻟاﻟﻲ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﺎت‬


‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻻﺑﺪ أﺧ‬
‫اﻻﻟﻮان اﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﺔ )ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ( ﻟﺘﺠﺪ ان‬
‫هﻨﺎك ﻗﻴﻢ ﻋﺪﻳﺪة ﻏﻴﺮ ﻇﺎهﺮة ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ‪.....‬‬
‫ﻻﻇﻬﺎر ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ا اآﺜﺮ وﺿﻮﺣﺎ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻗﻴﻤﻲ ﻗﺼﻮي‬
‫و ﺻﻐﺮي ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ‪let max =4 . ..‬‬
‫‪and min = -4‬‬
‫‪-‬آﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ‪......‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻴﻢ ﻲ‬
‫ﻬﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺢ ‪ ...‬ووﻧﻈﻬﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﻴﻠﺢ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻓﺮﻩ ﻟﻨﺎ هﺬا ﻴ‬
‫اﻟﺬي ﻳﻮ ﺮ‬
‫ﻲ ي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰم اﻻﻗﺼﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻮﺟﺪ ﺰم‬ ‫ﺐ ‪ ....‬و ﻮ‬
‫ﺢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻴﻠﺢ‬
‫ﺑﻔﺮض ﻴ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺒﻧﺒﺪأ ﺑ ﺮض‬
‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ رؤﻳﺔ ﻟﻮ اﻟﻌﺰم اﻻآﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ‪ ) ....‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﻗﻴﻢ اآﺒﺮ ‪ ...‬ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻏﻴﺮ آﺎﻓﻲ (‬

‫)‪As = Mu / (Fy . J .d‬‬


‫)‪d‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺮض ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪ j = 0.8‬و ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟـ ‪ d‬ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ‪d = t-cover ...‬‬
‫ﺑﻔﺮض ‪ As‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب ‪Mu‬‬

‫‪ As =6.785 cm2‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼ‪ ...‬ﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟـ ‪ flat slab‬ﻧﻔﺮض ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ‪ 6 phi 12 / m‬ﺗﻌﻄﻲ‬
‫‪ Mu = 3.5‬و ذﻟﻚ هﻮاﻗﺼﻲ ﻋﺰم ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻠﻪ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪3 5 m.t‬‬
‫إذا ‪m t ...‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ اﻟـ ‪ flat slab‬هﻨﺎك ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺳﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺰم اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ ‪...‬و ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺰم اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ‪ ...‬ﺑﻔﺮض ﻧﻔﺲ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺰم ﺳﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ‪ ..‬ﻋﺰم‬
‫اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻮﻳ‬
‫ﻲ ﺒ‬ ‫ن ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺞ ﻟﻼﻃﻤﺌﻨﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﻲ ﺒﺮ‬ ‫إإذا ﻓﻲ‬

‫‪max value = -3.5 m.t‬‬


‫‪min value = -3.51 m.t‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻠﻮن اﻻزرق آﻠﻪ ‪ safe‬و اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟـ ‪ magenta‬هﻮ ﺟﺰء ‪ unsafe‬و ﻳﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ إﺿﺎﻓﻲ‪.‬‬

‫آﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﺪاﺋﺮة ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺣﺪﻳﺪ إﺿﺎﻓﻲ‪.‬‬
‫وﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫اﻻﻗﺼﻲ ﻨﻔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰم اﻻﻗ‬
‫واﻳﺠﺎد اﻟ ﺰ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ا ﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﺸ ﻜﺔ‬
‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻧ ﻒ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إ ﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻜ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ آﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ إﺿﺎﻓﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻻﻃﻤﺌﻨﺎن ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬


‫‪Max value = 3.51‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ‪3 51 ..‬‬
‫‪Min value = 3.5‬‬

‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟـﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻲ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺁﻣﻦ ‪ safe‬و اﻻزرق‬


‫ﻳﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ إﺿﺎﻓﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻃﻤﺌﻨﺎن ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬


‫ﺁﻣﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺮاﺳﻲ وﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬
‫اﻻﻓﻘﻲ وﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ و اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪max value = -3.5 m.t‬‬
‫‪min value = -3.51 m.t‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺮاﺳﻲ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ إﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﻨﺎ اﻟﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫‪Max = 3,51 and Min = 3.50‬‬
‫ﻲ اﻻﻣﺎآﻦ اﻟﺰرﻗﺎء و ﻳﻜﻮن ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫إﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫آﻞ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﻟﻮن ﺑﻨﻔﺴﺠﻲ ‪ ...‬إذا اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ آﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻓﻘﻲ‬
‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻻﻓﻘ‬
‫ﻓﻓﻲ اﻻﺗ ﺎ‬
‫‪-‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ ‪....‬‬
‫ﺲ اﻟـ ‪Flat‬‬
‫ﻲ ﻋﻜﺲ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺒ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ﻲ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ن اﻟﻌﺰم‬
‫ﺰم‬ ‫ﺮي أن‬
‫ﻦ ﻧﺮي‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟـ ‪ Flat Slab‬و ﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫و ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة ‪ ...‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟـ ‪... Flat Slab‬‬

‫ﺢ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ١٨‬او ﻗﻄﺮ ‪( is known)) ٢٢‬‬


‫‪(As‬‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺮض اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬
‫وﻧﻮﺟﺪ اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻟﻬﺎ ‪ ....‬ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻄﺔ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ أﻣﺎآﻦ اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ واﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪Thank You Very Much‬‬

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