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    5 F4 - CSA - SourceDegeneration - Diode Load PDF

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    raghavbhatia
    1) The document discusses various small signal models and gain calculations for common source amplifiers. 2) Key aspects covered include determining the transconductance (gm), output resistance (Rout), and gain (Av) for different common source amplifier configurations such as those with a resistive load, current source load, or diode-connected MOSFET load. 3) The effects of varying parameters like the load resistance, channel length modulation, and source degeneration on the amplifier gain are also examined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    5 F4 - CSA - SourceDegeneration - Diode Load PDF

    Uploaded by

    raghavbhatia
    58 views38 pages
    1) The document discusses various small signal models and gain calculations for common source amplifiers. 2) Key aspects covered include determining the transconductance (gm), output resistance (Rout), and gain (Av) for different common source amplifier configurations such as those with a resistive load, current source load, or diode-connected MOSFET load. 3) The effects of varying parameters like the load resistance, channel length modulation, and source degeneration on the amplifier gain are also examined.

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    Original Title

    5 F4_CSA_SourceDegeneration_Diode load.pdf

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    1) The document discusses various small signal models and gain calculations for common source amplifiers. 2) Key aspects covered include determining the transconductance (gm), output resistance (Rout), and gain (Av) for different common source amplifier configurations such as those with a resistive load, current source load, or diode-connected MOSFET load. 3) The effects of varying parameters like the load resistance, channel length modulation, and source degeneration on the amplifier gain are also examined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    58 views38 pages

    5 F4 - CSA - SourceDegeneration - Diode Load PDF

    Uploaded by

    raghavbhatia
    1) The document discusses various small signal models and gain calculations for common source amplifiers. 2) Key aspects covered include determining the transconductance (gm), output resistance (Rout), and gain (Av) for different common source amplifier configurations such as those with a resistive load, current source load, or diode-connected MOSFET load. 3) The effects of varying parameters like the load resistance, channel length modulation, and source degeneration on the amplifier gain are also examined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 38

    Dr. Abhijit R.

    Asati
    [email protected]
    Small Signal equivalent :
    Vout
    Av    g m RD
    Vin

    •Maximum output signal swing=VDD


    •Minimum output signal swing=VOV(M1)
    Small Signal equivalent considering ‘ro’:
    Vout
    Av    g m ( RD || ro )
    Vin
    Vout
    Av    g m RD
    Vin

    •Maximum output signal swing=VDD


    •Minimum output signal swing=VOV(M1)
    Amplifier with input signal source that can be directly coupled to
    ‘gate’:

    VDD=10V

    VOV=1V
    VGS=2.5V

    Maximum output signal swing=VDD=10V


    Minimum output signal swing=-2.5+VOV(M1) =-1.5 V
    Vout
    Av    g m ( RD || ro )
    Vsig
    MOS Amplifier with current -source / current-mirror load:

    Vo
    Av    g m1 (ro1 || ro 2 )
    Vsig
    5V
    3V

    Vtn=|Vtp|=1V
    Common Source Amplifier with Current Source Load

    Av   g m1 ( ro1 || ro2)
    •Maximum output signal swing=VDD- VOV(M2)
    •Minimum output signal swing= VOV(M1)
    Current
    source

    Current
    sink

    A current-steering circuit.
    CSA with NMOS Load:

    Vo
    Av    g m1 (ro1 || ro 2 )
    Vsig
    Intrinsic gain of a transistor:

    Av   g m1ro1
    " intrinsicgain"
    Common source amplifier gain variation with resistive load and
    without channel length modulation:

    Vout
     RD << ro  Av   g m RD
    Vin
    Maximum output signal swing=VDD
    Minimum output signal swing=VOV(M1)
    VDD  VDS
    ID 
    RD
    VDS  0 id
    g m ( sat) 
    v gs
    W
    g m ( sat)   n COX ( )(VGS  Vt )
    L

    W
    Vin1 g m (lin )   nCOX VDS
    L
    Common source amplifier gain variation with resistive load and
    without channel length modulation:

    Vout
      g m ( RD || ro )
    Vin
    (i )When VOV is small :
    AV  g m (ro || RD )

    AV  g m RD
    AV  (VGS  VTH )

    (ii )When VOV is large :


    gm
    AV 
    I D
    1
    AV 
    (VGS  VTH )
    Alternate Method:

    Steps:
    (i) Determine Gm
    (ii) Determine Rout
    (iii) Determine gain
    Av  Gm Rout
    Determining Gm:

    g mVin  I out

    I out
    Gm   gm
    Vin
    Determining Rout:

    R  ro
    '
    out

    Rout  RD || ro
    Determining Gain:

    Av  Gm Rout
     Av   g m ( RD || ro )
    Common Source Amplifier with Source Degeneration:

    (a) Without degeneration (b) With degeneration


    resistance resistance
    (B)The CMOS Common-Source Amplifier with a Source Resistance:

    Rin  Ri  RG

    overall gain is ,
    vo RG gm
    Gv   ( RD || RL )
    vsig RG  Rsig 1  g m RS

    Rout  Ro  RD
    Analysis excluding ro:
    ( RD || RL )
    Av  
    1 / g m  RS

    gm
    Gm 
    1  g m RS

    (a) Without degeneration resistance (b) With degeneration resistance


    CSA with source degeneration excluding ro: (direct method)

    Vout  g m RD

    Vin 1  g m RS
    CSA with source degeneration excluding ro: (using Gm &
    Rout)

    I out gm
    Gm  
    Vin (1  g m RS )
    Vout  g m RD
    Rout  RD Av  
    Vin 1  g m RS
    CSA with Source Degeneration including ro and gmb.
    I out g m ro
    Gm  
    Vin RS  ro  ( g m  g mb ) RS ro

    gm
    Gm 
    RS
     [1  ( g m  g mb ) RS ]
    ro
    since, RS  ro , and g mb  g m
    gm
    Gm 
    1  g m RS
    '
    Rout  ro  RS  ( g m  g mb )ro RS

    Rout  Rout
    '
    || RD
    CSA with source degeneration including ro and gmb
    (Gm & Rout)

    Cascode load

    CSA with source


    degeneration driver

    g m1ro1 Rdown  ro1  ro 2  ( g m1  g mb1 )ro1ro 2


    Gm 
    ro 2  ro1  ( g m1  g mb1 )ro1ro 2
    Rup  ro3  ro 4  ( g m3  g mb3 )ro3ro 4
    g m1
    Gm 
    ro 2 Rout  Rdown || Rup
     1  ( g m1  g mb1 )ro 2
    ro1
    Av  Gm Rout
    CSA with Source Degeneration with ideal current source
    load:

    Vout
      g m ro
    Vim
    Diode-Connected NMOS Load:

    Vx 1 Vx 1
     || ro 
    Ix g m  g mb Ix g m  g mb
    CSA with Diode-Connected NMOS Load :
    MOSFET operates as a small signal resistor if its gate and drain
    are shorted VDS , 2  VGS , 2
    VDS , 2  VGS , 2  Vt 2
    Load ( saturation )

    Vout(DC)  VDD-VGS2

    Driver

    Input-Output Characteristic
    Calculate gain intuitively?
    Gm  g m1

    1
    Rout  || ro 2 || ro1
    g m 2  g mb 2
    1
    Av   g m1 ( || ro 2 || ro1 )
    g m 2  g mb 2
    1
    Av   g m1 ( ) g mb 2  g m 2
    g m 2  g mb 2

     (W / L)1 1
     m
      
    W Av  
    (W / L) 2 1  
    g 2 C
    n ox ID
     L

    •Maximum output signal swing = VDD- Vtn,


    •Minimum output signal swing= VOV(M1)
    Gm  g m1

    1
    Rout  || ro 2 || ro1
    gm2

    1
    Av   g m1 
    gm2

    g m1  n (W / L)1
    Av   
    gm2  p (W / L) 2

     W
     g m  2 nCox I D | VGS 2  Vt 2 | AV  (VGS1  Vt1 )
     L
    How can |VOV(M2)| can be reduced?
    Gm  g m1
    1
    Rout  || ro 2 || ro1
    gm2
    1
    Av   g m1 
    gm2

    g m1 4 n (W / L)1
    Av   
    gm2  p (W / L) 2
    3
    I S  I D1 VGS2  Vt 2 Av
    4 
    (VGS1  Vt1 ) 4
     I D1  4I D 2
    Vout ( g m1  g m 2 )
    
    Vin 1 1
    (   gm2 )
    ro1 ro 2
    CS with Triode Region Load

    Load 1
    ro 
    W
     p COX VGS 2  Vt , p
    L
    Driver 1
    Ron2 
     Cox WL  (VDD  Vb  | VTHP |)
    p
    2
    Input-Output Characteristic

    Av   g m1Ron2

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