Interpersonal Relations and Transactional Analysis

Interpersonal Relations and
Transactional Analysis
Lack of self-awareness in interactions
TA IS A SIMPLE WAY TO UNDERSTAND THE

WAY WE & OTHERS BEHAVE, AND HOW TO
MAKE INTERACTIONS MORE EFFECTIVE
TA HELPS US TO GET MORE SELF-
AWARENESS
IF WE WISH TO!
2
TRANSACTIONAL
ANALYSIS
A TOOL FOR EFFECTIVENESS

TRANSACTIONS
9UNIT OF SOCIAL INTERCOURSE

9CONSIST OF STIMULUS AND
RESPONSE
9 While we communicate with
others, we share not only facts &
information, but also emotions,
values, benefits & traditions .
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS (TA)
9Analysis of human communication.
9Theory of personality and social
action.
9Powerful psychological tool for
understanding behaviour.
9Useful to make interaction more
effective.
9THIS THEORY IS FORMULATED BY Dr.
ERIC BERNE IN 1953.
Ego-states
“a set of consistent & coherent

patterns of thinking, feeling &
behaving.”
Manifested in
Tone of voice
z Gesture/Posture
z Facial Expression
z Vocabulary
EGO STATES
9Everyone’s personality has three

parts
9People are able to act in three
different ways
9These three behavioural modes are
called ego states.
EGO STATES
9These ego states are called –

9The Parent Ego State
9The Adult Ego State and
9The Child Ego State
EGO STATES
Taught concept – embodies values, beliefs,

PARENT traditions, superstitions, rules & regulation,
prejudice etc.
Thought concept – responsible, reliable,

ADULT
involved in decision making based on
facts and information.
Felt concept – emotions and feelings

CHILD
The Parent
9The ego state which is ‘taught’
to us
9Built up gradually through
modelling parents/elders
9 Reading books, watching films
etc.
9It is the repository of beliefs,
prejudices, values.
The Parent
9The Parent, again, has two parts:
9The Controlling or Critical Parent,
(CP) and
9The Nurturing Parent (NP) .
The Controlling Parent
9Critical.
9Giving injunctions.
The Nurturing Parent
9Unconditionally supportive
9Defender
zVocabulary:
zShould, don’t, must, always, never,
I know, now what? Because I said
so.
zI’ll take care of you, poor thing,
there-there, come on, give it a try
Tone:
Sneering, loud, harsh,
contemptuous,
condescending, punishing,
sympathetic, encouraging
zGesture/Posture-
zPointed finger, shaking head, arms

folded on chest, tapping feet/fingers,
zFacial Expression-
zsmile encouragingly, set jaw, out-

thrust chin, look down the nose with
raised eyebrows
The Adult
9The Adult Ego State is the part

which --
9computes data and takes
decisions
9It is oriented to current reality .

The Adult
•The part of the Adult which records and

recalls data like a computer is the--
•Photographic Adult,
•while that which associates, assesses,
organizes data to look for options and arrive
at decisions is the--
•Combining Adult .
zVocabulary:
zhow, why, when, where, what,
alternatives, results, yes, no, caused
by, statistics, facts not opinions.
zTone:
zclear & calm, confident, factual,
enquiring.
zGesture/Posture:
zstraight (not stiff), lean forward to
listen/look, relaxed, thinking with hand
on chin, patient.
zFacial Expression:
zthoughtful, watching attentively,
questioning, alert, lively
The Child
9The Child is the centre of all

feelings and emotions
9The four basic feelings being SAD,

ANGRY, HAPPY and SCARED
The Child
9The Child has three parts :-
9The Natural or Free Child (NC) –

hateful/loving, impulsive,
spontaneous, playful.
9The Adapted Child (AC) – fearful,
guilty or ashamed
9The Little Professor -- which is the
intuitive, creative and manipulative
aspect .
The Child
9When Adapted Child is attempting to

free itself from Parental influence it is
called --
REBELLIOUS CHILD
zVocabulary:
zWow, give me, I want, MINE, I wish,
I’m scared, help,
zTone:
zgiggle, chuckle, whine, swear, yell,
fast & high-pitched, whistle, playful,
ask permission.
zGesture/Posture:
zslumped, curled up, putting up hand to
ask question
zFacial Expression:
ztears, pouting, downcast or uplifted
eyes, tilted head, wide-eyed, fluttering
eyelashes, flirtatious, admiring
CP NP
PA CA
AC
NC LP
RC
Functional Diagram
Controlling
Nurturing
or
Parent
Critical
Parent CP NP
Photographic Combining
Adult Adult
PA CA
RC
Adapted Child AC FC
CC
Rebellious Compliant Free/Natural Child
32
We are 7 People
1. NC/FC
- needs strokes (touch/recognition)
- needs vary from time to time
- feels sad, mad, glad, scared
- is spontaneous, creative
2-3. PA/CA- computer: facts not opinions,
analyses & synthesizes
4. NP - sympathetic, sensitive to needs
- firm yet caring
- non-demanding
33
z 5. CP – others are NOT OK, dominates
z 6. RC – Angry; others are NOT OK;
sabotages
z 7. CC – scared; it is NOT OK; whines
z ACTIVATING THE 4 EFFECTIVE EGO

STATES, DECOMISSION THE 3
DYSFUNCTIONAL EGO STATES
EXERCISE
I
From the undernoted communications, indicate
whether the Boss (B) seems to be in his P/A/C
–
X: How do you like the new filing system I have
just set up?
B: You spend much time in deciding how to do
things. You just do it and be done with it.
EXERCISE
just set up?
B: I really like it. I wish I had system like it when I
had your job 5 years ago.
just set up?
B: Poor boy! You must have worked all day to set
up that system. Can I help you to catch up your
other work?
EXERCISE
II
Imagine one co-worker is unexpectedly
patted your back. What ego state is shown
by each of the following responses.
1.You think I would like to know what made
him do that.
2.You respond silently ‘that feels good’.
3.Suddenly you feel a mental voice saying’
Never let anyone touch you. Familiarity
breeds contempt’.
EXERCISE - III
Susmita, one of your colleague turns up an
hour late in office. What ego state is shown up
by each of the following statements:
1.It is not fair that she gets away with that. It
makes me mad.
2. Poor lady! She must have had a hard night.
3.I wonder what the boss is going to say.
Response to a piece of Modern Art:
a) Good lord! They call this Art!
b) Rather high priced at Rs.500.
c) What lovely colours!
Response to violence in a bus-

a) Women ask for it if they insist on equality with men
b) I had better report this to the police.
c) How exciting!
d) Poor dear! I’ll give her my seat
39
zParent: Parent is now commonly
represented as a circle with four
quadrants:
Nurturing - Nurturing (positive) and
Spoiling (negative).
Controlling - Structuring (positive) and
Critical (negative).
zAdult: Adult remains as a single
entity, representing an 'accounting'
function or mode, which can draw
on the resources of both Parent and
Child.
zChild: Child is now commonly
represented as circle with four
quadrants:
Adapted - Co-operative
(positive) and Compliant/Resistant
(negative).
Free/ Natural - Spontaneous
(positive) and Immature (negative).
Little Professor: Manipulative
Contamination
9Sometimes Adult stores
information which has its source
either in the Child or in the Parent.
9This is called contamination.
9When contamination come from
the Parent – Prejudice
9When it come from the Child –
Delusion.
Parent contaminates the
adult - Prejudice
Child contaminates the

adult – Delusion.
Exercise
zPlease draw your own Ego Grams

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Interpersonal Relations and

TA IS A SIMPLE WAY TO UNDERSTAND THE

A TOOL FOR EFFECTIVENESS

9UNIT OF SOCIAL INTERCOURSE

“a set of consistent & coherent

9Everyone’s personality has three

9These ego states are called –

Taught concept – embodies values, beliefs,

Thought concept – responsible, reliable,

Felt concept – emotions and feelings

zPointed finger, shaking head, arms

zsmile encouragingly, set jaw, out-

9The Adult Ego State is the part

9It is oriented to current reality .

•The part of the Adult which records and

9The Child is the centre of all

9The four basic feelings being SAD,

9The Natural or Free Child (NC) –

9When Adapted Child is attempting to

z ACTIVATING THE 4 EFFECTIVE EGO

Response to violence in a bus-

Child contaminates the

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