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    Ef - Relative Clauses

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    Nameless 00
    This document discusses relative clauses in English grammar. It describes two types of relative clauses: defining clauses and non-defining clauses. Defining clauses provide essential information about a noun, while non-defining clauses provide non-essential information. The document also discusses placement of prepositions in relative clauses, noting that in formal English the preposition comes before the relative pronoun.

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    Ef - Relative Clauses

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    Nameless 00
    149 views2 pages
    This document discusses relative clauses in English grammar. It describes two types of relative clauses: defining clauses and non-defining clauses. Defining clauses provide essential information about a noun, while non-defining clauses provide non-essential information. The document also discusses placement of prepositions in relative clauses, noting that in formal English the preposition comes before the relative pronoun.

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    EF - RELATIVE CLAUSES

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    This document discusses relative clauses in English grammar. It describes two types of relative clauses: defining clauses and non-defining clauses. Defining clauses provide essential information about a noun, while non-defining clauses provide non-essential information. The document also discusses placement of prepositions in relative clauses, noting that in formal English the preposition comes before the relative pronoun.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    149 views2 pages

    Ef - Relative Clauses

    Uploaded by

    Nameless 00
    This document discusses relative clauses in English grammar. It describes two types of relative clauses: defining clauses and non-defining clauses. Defining clauses provide essential information about a noun, while non-defining clauses provide non-essential information. The document also discusses placement of prepositions in relative clauses, noting that in formal English the preposition comes before the relative pronoun.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    4/14/2020 Relative clauses | English Grammar | EF

    (/)

    English grammar (/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/)

    RELATIVE CLAUSES
    Relative clauses are non-essential parts of a sentence. They may add meaning, but if they are removed, the sentence will still function grammatically.
    There are two broad types of relative clauses in English. It is important to distinguish between them because it a ects the choice of pronoun used to
    introduce the clause. There is a more detailed page about preposition placement in relative clauses (/wwen/english-resources/english-
    grammar/preposition-placement-relative-clauses/).

    DEFINING CLAUSES
    A de ning or identifying clause tells us which speci c person or thing we are talking about in a larger group of people or things. If a de ning relative
    clause is removed, the meaning of the sentence changes signi cantly. A de ning relative clause is not separated from the rest of the sentence by
    commas or parentheses.

    EXAMPLES
    The woman who visited me in the hospital was very kind.
    The umbrella that I bought last week is already broken.
    The man who stole my backpack has been arrested.
    The weather that we had this summer was beautiful.

    Learn more about using de ning relative clauses (/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/de ning-relative-clauses/) correctly.

    NON-DEFINING CLAUSES
    A non-de ning or non-essential clause gives us more information about the person or thing we are talking about. If a non-de ning relative clause is
    removed from a sentence, we lose some detail, but the overall meaning of the sentence remains the same. Non-de ning relative clauses are always set
    o from the rest of the sentence with commas or parentheses.

    EXAMPLES
    The farmer, whose name was Fred, sold us 10 pounds of potatoes.
    Elephants, which are the largest land mammals, live in herds of 10 or more adults.
    The author, who graduated from the same university I did, gave a wonderful presentation.
    My mother, who is 86, lives in Paris.

    Learn more about using non-de ning relative clauses (/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/non-de ning-relative-clauses/) correctly.

    https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/relative-clauses/ 1/2
    4/14/2020 Preposition placement in relative clauses | English Grammar | EF

    (/)

    English grammar (/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/) /  Relative clauses (/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/relative-clauses/)

    PREPOSITION PLACEMENT IN RELATIVE


    CLAUSES
    There are often prepositions in relative clauses, and a relative pronoun is the object of that preposition. In everyday English, the preposition is normally
    placed at the end of the relative clause and the pronoun may be included or omitted. In formal English, the preposition is placed before the relative
    pronoun, and in this case the pronoun cannot be omitted. In the examples below, the pronouns in parentheses can be omitted.

    EXAMPLES

    Everyday English Formal English

    Is that the man (who) she arrived with? Is that the man with whom she arrived?

    Does he know the girl (that) John is talking to? Does he know the girl to whom John is talking?

    The person (who) he is negotiating with is the Chairman of a large The person with whom he is negotiating is the Chairman of a large
    company. company.

    It is a club (which) many important people belong to. It is a club to which many important people belong.

    He liked the people (that) he lived with. He liked the people with whom he lived.

    The tree (that) they had their picnic under was the largest and The tree under which they had their picnic was the largest and
    oldest in the park. oldest in the park.

    It was the river (that) the children preferred to swim in. It was the river in which the children preferred to swim.

    The jungle (that) the tribe lived in was full of strange and unusual The jungle in which the tribe lived was full of strange and unusual
    animals. animals.

    (https://www.efset.org)

    https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/preposition-placement-relative-clauses/ 1/2

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