10

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Generating Patterns

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Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Generating Patterns

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jocelyn P. Red

Editors: Salvacion B. Felices
Jon Jon R. Monte
Shiela L. Guevara
Noel A. Lozano
Alfie T. Gascon
Jinky A. Villareal
Reviewer: Jinky A. Villareal
Illustrator: Ryan B.Cerillo
Layout Artist: Anthony C. Vista

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 Lesson
GENERATING PATTERNS

Many situations in the field of Science and Mathematics involve numbers

arranged in a definite order or sequence which are related to each other, such as
minutes in an hour, successive powers of 10, squares of integers, and others. In this
module, you will be dealing with patterns. To understand such, you have to perform
the activities and see to it that you analyze the examples given.

What are the skills to be developed in this module?

➢ Generates patterns.

Specifically,
1. Generate and describe patterns.
2. Find the next few terms of a sequence.
3. List the terms in a sequence given the general term.
4. Find the general or nth term of a sequence.

To continue, let’s us be familiar with the important words (and their

meanings) used in this module.

Pattern – is a series or sequence that repeats.

Finite Sequence – a sequence with first term and last term.
Infinite Sequence – a sequence with first term but no last term.
Function – a relation in which each element of the domain is paired with
exactly one element of the range.
Sequence – a function whose domain is the finite set {1,2,3, … , 𝑛} or the
infinite set {1, 2, 3, … }
Succession – in real numbers is an application of the set N (set of natural
number excluding zero) in the set R of the real numbers.

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 PRE-TEST

Instruction: Read each item carefully then choose the letter of your answer from among
the options. Write only the letter on your answer sheet.

1. What is the next number in 0 4 8 12 ______

A. 16 B. 18 C. 20 D. 24

2. What is the nth term of the sequence? 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, ___
A. 4n + 1 B. 4n – 1 C. 3n + 2 D. 3n + 4

3. What is the 7th number in 0, 6, 12, 18,..?

A. 24 B. 30 C. 36 D. 42

4. Find the next three terms in the sequence 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,…

A. 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 C. 20, 18, 16, 14, 12
B. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 D. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

5. What is the first four terms in the sequence given the nth term an = 4n + 2?
A. 5, 9, 13, 17 C. 7, 9, 11, 13
B. 6, 10, 14, 18 D. 8, 10, 12, 14

How did you find the test?

Did you answer the questions correctly? If not,
let’s check it out as you go through in this module.
Let’s start!

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 LEARNING ACTIVITIES

How do you generate and describe a pattern? Find the next

few terms of a sequence?

A sequence is a set of numbers written in succession. Each element of the sequence is

called term. The first element is called first term, followed by the second term, third term and so
on.

Example 1: The succession of numbers 3, 7, 11, 15, 19 form a

sequence since every term after the first is obtained by
adding 4 to the number preceding it.

Example 2: Write the next three terms in the sequence.

a. 2, 7, 12, 17, …
1 1 1
b. 1, , , , …
2 3 4

Solution:
a. The term after the first term is obtained by adding 5. Therefore, the next
three terms are 22, 27, 32.
1 1 1 1
b. Rewriting the sequence, you will have , , , . Notice that the
1 2 3 4
numerators are all 1 and the denominators are consecutive numbers.
1 1 1
Following the rule, you have the next three terms 5 , 6 , 7.

FINITE AND INFINITE SEQUENCE

A sequence can either be finite or infinite. It is said to be finite if it has a first term and last
term. If the sequence has a first term but no last term, then it is an infinite sequence.

Example 3: Tell whether the sequence is finite or infinite.

a. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
b. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15
c. 1, 4, 9, 16, …
3 4 5 99
d. 2, 2 , 3 , 4 , … , 98
e. 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, …

Solution:
a. Finite. The first term is 1 and the last term is 16.
b. Finite. The first term is 3 and the last term is 15.

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 c. Infinite. The first term is 1, the ellipsis (three dots) imply that it is
endless.
99
d. Finite. The first term is 1 and the last term is 98.
e. Infinite. The first term is 1, there is no last term
Each term of a sequence is denoted by 𝑎𝑛 where 𝑛 is the term number. For
instance, 𝑎1 for the first term, 𝑎2 for the second term, 𝑎3 for the third term and so on.

Is it easy to generate and describe a pattern?

Then let’s proceed in listing the terms of a
sequence.

LISTING THE TERMS OF A SEQUENCE

A sequence can also be described as a function whose domain is the finite set
{1, 2, 3, … , 𝑛} or the infinite set {1, 2, 3, … }. This means that for every value of 𝑛, there is only one
corresponding value for 𝑎𝑛 .
Example 4: Write the first four terms of the sequence 𝑎𝑛 = 12 − 3𝑛.
Solution: Substitute the numbers 1 to 4 for 𝑛 one after the other.
𝑎1 = 12 − 3(1) = 12 − 3 = 9
𝑎2 = 12 − 3(2) = 12 − 6 = 6
𝑎3 = 12 − 3(3) = 12 − 9 = 3
𝑎4 = 12 − 3(4) = 12 − 12 = 0
Therefore, the first four terms of the sequence are 9, 6, 3, 0.

Example 5: What is the seventh term of the sequence 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 − 3?

Solution: Substitute 7 for 𝑛.
𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 − 3
𝑎7 = 27 − 3
𝑎7 = 128 - 3
𝑎7 = 125
The seventh term of the sequence 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 − 3 is 125.

FINDING THE GENERAL TERM

Since you were able to find the terms of a sequence given the general or the nth term,
you can also do the opposite.

Example 6: Discover the equation of the sequence 3, 5, 7, 9, ... by looking at the

pattern.
Solution:
𝑎1 = 3 = 2(1) + 1
𝑎2 = 5 = 2(2) + 1

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 𝑎3 = 7 = 2(3) + 1
𝑎4 = 9 = 2(4) + 1
Therefore, the equation of the sequence is 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 1.

1 3
Example 7: Write an equation that describes the sequence 2 , 1, 2 , 2, …?
Solution: Observe the pattern,
1
𝑎1 = 2
2
𝑎2 = 1 =
2
3
𝑎3 =
2
4
𝑎4 = 2 = 2
𝑛
Therefore, the equation that describes the sequence is 𝑎𝑛 = 2 .

Example 8: What is the nth term of the sequence 2, 5, 10, 17, …?

Solution: Observe the pattern,
𝑎1 = 2 = 12 + 1
𝑎2 = 5 = 22 + 1
𝑎3 = 10 = 32 + 1
𝑎4 = 17 = 42 + 1
Therefore, the nth term of the sequence is 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 1.

PRACTICE EXERCISES

Now let’s test how well you

understand by answering the
practice test.

PRACTICE TASK 1

A. Find the next 3 numbers from a given pattern by multiplication or division.

1. -2, 4, -8, 16, ___, ____, ____

2. 4, 16, 64, 256, ___, ____, ____

3. 48, 24, 12, 6, 3, ___, ____, ____

4. 2, -3, -8, -13, ___, ___, ____

𝑥 𝑥
5. 5x, x, , , ___, ____, ____
5 25

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 B. Supply the missing numbers.
1. 15, 7, ___, -9, ___
2. 7, 11, ___, ___, 23
3. ___, 5x, 8x, ____, 14x
4. ___, 17, 15, 13, 11, ___
5. 3y + 1, 3y + 2, 3y + 3, _______, 3y + 5, ________

PRACTICE TASK 2

A. Write the first five terms of the sequence with the given rule.
1. 𝑎𝑛 = 3𝑛
2. 𝑎𝑛 = 4𝑛2
3. 𝑎𝑛 = 2(𝑛 + 3)

B. Find the indicated term for the given rule.

1. 𝑎𝑛 = −2𝑛 + 1; 10th term
1
2. 𝑎𝑛 = 4 𝑛 + 3; 16th term
3. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 − 9; 8th term

PRACTICE TASK 3

Write an equation that describes the sequence.

1. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, …
2. -5, -9, -13, -17, …
3. 1, 4, 9, 16, …
4. 12, 7, 2, -3, -8, …
1 1 1 1
5. , , ,
2 4, 8 16
,…

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 POST TEST

Instruction: Read each item carefully then choose the letter of your answer among the options.
Write only the letter on your answer sheet.

1. Supply what is missing to generate patterns 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, __

A. 36 B. 64 C. 81 D. 100

2. What is the next term of the sequence 5, 9, 13, 17, ____?

A. 20 B. 21 C. 22 D. 23

3. Consider the arithmetic sequence 2,5,8,11,14, . What is the nth term

of the sequence?
A. 3n −1 B. 3n +1 C. 2n + 3 D. 2n +1

4. Find the first five terms of the sequence given the nth term an 3𝑛 – 1
= .
A. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 C. 2, 5, 8, 11, 14
B. 1, 4, 7, 11,14 D. 4, 6, 8, 10, 14

5. What is the 10th number given the sequence 1, 3, 9, 27, 81,…?

A. 729 B. 2187 C. 6561 D. 19 683

6. Find the 10th term given 𝑎n = 2𝑛 + 3

A. 21 B. 22 C. 23 D. 24

7. What is the next three terms of 48, 24, 12, 6, 3, ___, ____, ____
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
A. 2, 4, 8
B. 8, 4, 2
C. 4, 2, 8
D. 2, 8, 4

8. What is the nth term 1, 4, 9, 16, …?

1
A. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 B. 𝑎𝑛 = −4𝑛 − 1 C. 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 D. 𝑎𝑛 = 17 − 5𝑛
9. Supply the missing terms ___, 5x, 8x, ____, 14x.
A. 3x and 11x B. 2x and 12x C. x and 10x D. 4x and 12x

10. What is the 8th term given 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 − 9?

A. 51 B. 52 C.53 D. 54

Did you get it right? If yes,

Congratulations!

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 ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

A. Write the equation that describes the sequence.

1. −5, −9, −13, −17, …

2. 9, 6, 3, 0, −3, …
3. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …

B. Write the first five terms of the sequence given the nth term.

1. 𝑎𝑛 = −2𝑛 − 3
1 1
2. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛 +
4 2

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 ANSWER KEY

PRE-TEST
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B

Practice Task 1
3 3 3
A. 1. -32, 64, -128 2. 1024, 4096, 16384 3. , ,
2 4 8
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
4. -18, -23, -28 5. 125 , 625 , 3125

B. 1. 15, 7, -1, -9, -17 2. 7, 11, 15, -19, 23 3. 2x, 5x, 8x, 11x, 14x

4. 19, 17, 15, 13, 11, 9 5. 3y + 1, 3y + 2, 3y + 3, 3y+4, 3y + 5, 3y+6

Practice Task 2
A. 1. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 2. 4, 16, 36, 64, 100 3. 8, 10, 12, 14, 16
B. 1. -19 2. 7 3. 55

Practice Task 3
1. 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 𝑎𝑛 = −4𝑛 − 1
2. 3. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛 2
1
4. 𝑎𝑛 = 17 − 5𝑛𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛
2
POST TEST
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D
6. C 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. D

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
A. 1. 𝑎𝑛 = −4𝑛 − 1 2. 𝑎𝑛= 12 − 3𝑛 3. 𝑎𝑛 = √𝑛2
3 5 3 7
B. 1. −5, −7, −9, −11, −13 2. 4
, 1, 4
, ,
2 4

BIBLIOGRAHY

A. Reference
Mathematics Learner’s Module for Grade 10 (DepEd)
Intermediate Algebra by Soledad Jose-Dilao, Ed. D. and Julieta G. Bernabe
B. Website Links as References and Sources of Learning Activities
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-pattern-in-math-definition-rules.html