Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 64 views

    Metals and Alloys-Properties and Alloys

    Uploaded by

    Kishan
    Metals form metallic bonds between layers of positively charged metal ions and a sea of delocalized electrons. This bonding structure gives metals their distinctive physical properties, such as being good conductors of electricity and heat, having high melting points, and being malleable. Alloys are mixtures of metals that are stronger and harder than pure metals due to the different sized metal ions disrupting the regular lattice structure. Common metals and alloys like copper, aluminum, steel, and brass are used for electric wiring, transportation, construction, and other applications depending on their bonding properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Metals and Alloys-Properties and Alloys

    Uploaded by

    Kishan
    64 views15 pages
    Metals form metallic bonds between layers of positively charged metal ions and a sea of delocalized electrons. This bonding structure gives metals their distinctive physical properties, such as being good conductors of electricity and heat, having high melting points, and being malleable. Alloys are mixtures of metals that are stronger and harder than pure metals due to the different sized metal ions disrupting the regular lattice structure. Common metals and alloys like copper, aluminum, steel, and brass are used for electric wiring, transportation, construction, and other applications depending on their bonding properties.

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    Metals and alloys-properties and alloys

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Metals form metallic bonds between layers of positively charged metal ions and a sea of delocalized electrons. This bonding structure gives metals their distinctive physical properties, such as being good conductors of electricity and heat, having high melting points, and being malleable. Alloys are mixtures of metals that are stronger and harder than pure metals due to the different sized metal ions disrupting the regular lattice structure. Common metals and alloys like copper, aluminum, steel, and brass are used for electric wiring, transportation, construction, and other applications depending on their bonding properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views15 pages

    Metals and Alloys-Properties and Alloys

    Uploaded by

    Kishan
    Metals form metallic bonds between layers of positively charged metal ions and a sea of delocalized electrons. This bonding structure gives metals their distinctive physical properties, such as being good conductors of electricity and heat, having high melting points, and being malleable. Alloys are mixtures of metals that are stronger and harder than pure metals due to the different sized metal ions disrupting the regular lattice structure. Common metals and alloys like copper, aluminum, steel, and brass are used for electric wiring, transportation, construction, and other applications depending on their bonding properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    Metals

    The bonding in a metal


    The bonding in metals is called a metallic bond
    The metallic bond is an electrostatic force of attraction between layers
    of positively charged metal ions and a sea of delocalized electrons
    Physical Properties of metals
    • The physical properties of metals are explained using the sea of delocalized
    electrons.
    Some physical properties of metals are explained in the slides below
    1 Metals are good conductors of electricity
    This is because in metals the sea of delocalized electrons is highly mobile. It moves
    when a pd is applied.
    As the number of delocalized electrons (valency electrons) increase electrical
    conductivity increases
    2 Metals are malleable this means they can be hammered into shape
    Metals are malleable because the layers of positively charged metal ions can slide
    over each other, with the sea of delocalized electrons maintaining the metallic
    bond
    Physical properties of metals
    Metals have high melting and boiling points
    This is because a lot of energy is required to break the strong
    electrostatic force of attraction between the layers of positively
    charged metal ions and the sea of delocalized electrons
    As the number of delocalized( valency electrons increase the strength
    of the metallic bond increases, this increases the melting and boiling
    point of the metals.
    Metals have a shiny surface when polished
    Metals are sonorous
    Metals are ductile( that is they can be drawn into wire).
    Alloys
    • An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of metals and non-metals
    • Metals are able to form alloys because the metallic structure allows
    different sized atoms of other elements to occupy empty spaces in
    between the layers of the positively charged ions. This disrupts the
    regular arrangement of the layers but forms a much stronger lattice
    Diagram Showing Lattice Structure of an
    Alloy

    Not the different sized atoms that are present in the alloy.
    The regular arrangement of the layers of the positive metal ions are
    also disrupted.
    Advantages of Alloys over the pure Metals
    • Alloys are much strong, harder and less malleable than the individual
    pure metals

    • Explanation
    • In metals the layers of metal ions are the same size and easily slide
    over each other when a stress/ force is applied
    • In alloys the metal ions are of different sizes, this makes it difficult for
    the metal ions to slide past each other when a force is applied.
    Uses of metals and alloys
    • The uses of metals and alloys depends on their properties. The metal
    or alloy with a desirable properties is chosen for a particular use.
    • Use and Properties of Copper
    Pots and pans it is a good conductor of heat energy
    it has a high melting point
    it is malleable
    it resists corrosion
    Uses and properties of Copper
    Electric wires and contacts in plugs
    It is is a good electrical conductor
    It is ductile
    It does not corrode

    Copper for ornaments /decorative works


    It is shiny when polished
    It is malleable
    It resists corrosion
    Uses of Aluminium

    Pots and Pans It is a good conductor of heat


    It is malleable
    It resists corrosion
    It has a high melting point

    Aeroplane bodies It is a light and strong metal


    It is malleable
    It resists corrosion

    For Food containers It resists corrosion


    It is malleable
    Uses of Zinc
    • Zinc is used for galvanizing iron
    • This is because zinc is a highly reactive metal than iron
    • It readily reacts with oxygen and water protecting the iron
    • This is called sacrificial protection

    • Zinc is used to form the alloy brass when mixed with copper
    • This is because the zinc atoms can occupy spaces between the layers
    of the copper metallic structure.
    Alloys of iron-Steel
    • Alloys of iron are called steel

    • How steel is formed


    • Steel is formed when controlled amounts of other metals in the
    molten state such as vanadium, nickel, cobalt and Chrome are added
    to the molten iron from the blast furnace.
    • Advantages of steel over pure iron
    • Steel is stronger, harder and less malleable than the pure metal.
    Uses of the different types of steel
    Mild steel
    This is the most used alloy of iron in the construction industry. It how ever rusts and
    weakens structure with time.
    It is used for:
    Roof trusses
    Bridge decks
    Car bodies
    Reinforcing concrete
    Manufacture of tools like picks, hoes, ploughs, rakes etc
    Burglar bars
    Gates
    Window and door frames
    Stainless steel
    this is low carbon steel, which is very tough and does not corrode
    It is used for:
    Cutlery
    Pots and pans
    Hospital equipment e.g cutting blades, forceps, bowls, scissors etc
    Chemical industry equipment
    Kitchen sinks
    Ornaments
    Metalic covalent ionic

    You might also like