Open Air Fire Ext PDF

Where there are areas where a fire could develop to the extent that escape routes
Part 1 •
could be affected before the fire is discovered, an automatic fire detection system
may be necessary.
Fire risk assessment

At complex events/venues, particularly those accommodating people in different
areas, (e.g. a zoo), it is likely that a more sophisticated form of warning and
evacuation, possibly phased may be required.
Where the provision of a system connected by cables may not be appropriate, a

radio signal based system should be considered.
You may need to consider special arrangements for times when people are
working alone are disabled, or when your normal occupancy patterns are different,
e.g. when maintenance staff or other contractors are working at the weekend /
night or people are attending to horses at night during a county show.
It is important to consider the means of communication between staff and

volunteers implementing the emergency plan.
Large campsites should normally be provided with fire watchtowers and campers
should be provided with fire safety advice.
If you are not sure whether your current arrangements are adequate, see the
additional guidance on fire warning systems in Part 2, Section 2.
Checklist
• Can the means of detection ensure a fire is discovered quickly enough for
the alarm to be raised in time for all the occupants to escape to a place of
total safety?
• Can appropriate means of warning be clearly heard, and/or seen, and
understood by everyone throughout the whole site, event, or venue?
• If the fire-detection and warning system is powered electrically, does it
have a back-up power supply?
• Have the public address systems been checked before the event?
3.4.2 Fire-fighting equipment and facilities

Fire-fighting equipment can reduce the risk of a small fire, e.g. a fire in a waste-
paper bin, developing into a large one. The safe use of an appropriate fire
extinguisher to control a fire in its early stages can also significantly reduce the
risk to other people in the event or venue by allowing people to assist others
who are at risk.
The provision of fire-fighting equipment for outdoor events will vary according to
the local conditions and what is brought on to the site. You should consider the
need for equipment for tackling fires in vegetation, vehicles, and marquees.
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Arrangements may need to be made to protect fire-fighting equipment located
outdoors from the effects of frost, vandalism, and theft.
Main types of portable extinguishers, their uses and colour coding
WATER POWDER FOAM CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2 )

For wood, paper, textile For liquid and electrical fires For use on liquid fires For liquid and electrical fires
and solid material fires
DO NOT USE on liquid, DO NOT USE DO NOT USE on DO NOT USE on

electrical or metal fires on metal fires electrical or metal fires metal fires
The contents of an extinguisher is indicated by a zone of colour on the red body.

Halon extinguishers are not shown since no new Halon production is permitted in the UK
Figure 6: Types of fire extinguishers
At small sites or venues, having one or two portable extinguishers of the

appropriate type, readily available for use, may be all that is necessary.
At complex sites or venues where a number of portable extinguishers are required

they should be sited in suitable locations. Extinguishers should also be sited
adjacent to, but not near to, fire hazards. It may also be necessary to indicate
the location of extinguishers by suitable signs.
Fire blankets may also be appropriate for use on your site and their installation
should be considered for higher risk areas, e.g. catering facilities.
Some sites or venues may have permanently installed fire-fighting equipment.

Other fixed installations and facilities to assist fire fighters, such as ‘fire’ water
mains may also have been provided.
People with no training should not be expected to attempt to extinguish a fire.

However, all staff and where appropriate volunteers, should be familiar with the
location and basic operating procedures for the equipment provided. If your fire
strategy requires that certain people, e.g. fire marshals, will be expected to take a
more active role, then, they should be provided with more comprehensive training.
At some events an independent specialist fire team may be employed. Where this
is the case the use of an all terrain vehicle may be necessary to enable them to
reach all areas, especially where camping areas are provided. A protocol should
be agreed between the event organisers, fire and rescue service and fire team to
define responsibilities, actions and reporting procedures.
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Facilities for fire fighting also include the access routes for fire and rescue service
Part 1 •
and other emergency service vehicles. At all outdoor venues you must ensure that
you have provided adequate and appropriate vehicle access to all parts of the
venue. You should also consider how these routes would be affected by the people
Fire risk assessment

at your site or event.
For more guidance on portable fire extinguishers see Part 2, Section 3.1, for fixed
fire points, Part 2, Section 3.2 and other facilities (including those for firefighters)
see Part 2 Section 3.3.
Checklist
• Are the portable fire extinguishers or any fixed firefighting equipment provided
suitable for controlling the risks identified?
• Are there enough extinguishers sited throughout the premises at appropriate
locations?
• Are the right types of extinguishers located close to the fire hazards and can
users get to them without exposing themselves to risk?
• Are the extinguishers visible or does their position need indicating?
• Do you regularly check equipment provided to help maintain the
escape routes?
• Do you carry out daily checks to ensure that there is clear access for
fire engines?
• Are those who test and maintain the equipment competent to do so?
• Do you have the necessary procedures in place to maintain any facilities that
have been provided for the safety of people in the building (or for the use of
firefighters, such as access for fire engines and firefighting lifts)?
3.4.3 Escape Routes

Once a fire has started, been detected and a warning given, everyone at your
venue or event should be able to escape to a place of total safety unaided and
without the help of the fire and rescue service. However, some people with
disabilities & others with special needs may need assistance from other people.
Escape routes should be designed to ensure, as far as possible, that any person
confronted by fire, is able to turn away from it and escape to a place of reasonable
safety, e.g. outside of a marquee. From here, they will be able to go directly to a
place of total safety.
The level of fire protection that should be given to escape routes will vary depending
on the level of risk of fire within the premises and other related factors. Generally
simple enclosures found at open air events & venues will require fairly simple
measures to protect escape routes compared to more complex (permanent buildings).
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Where there are areas where a fire could develop to the extent that escape routes

Fire risk assessment

Where the provision of a system connected by cables may not be appropriate, a

It is important to consider the means of communication between staff and

3.4.2 Fire-fighting equipment and facilities

Main types of portable extinguishers, their uses and colour coding

WATER POWDER FOAM CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2 )

DO NOT USE on liquid, DO NOT USE DO NOT USE on DO NOT USE on

The contents of an extinguisher is indicated by a zone of colour on the red body.

Figure 6: Types of fire extinguishers

At small sites or venues, having one or two portable extinguishers of the

At complex sites or venues where a number of portable extinguishers are required

Some sites or venues may have permanently installed fire-fighting equipment.

People with no training should not be expected to attempt to extinguish a fire.

Fire risk assessment

3.4.3 Escape Routes

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