Siliguri CDP Final Report 29april15

City Development Plan for
Siliguri – 2041
(Final Report)
April 2015
Supported under
Capacity Building for Urban Development project

(CBUD)
A Joint Partnership Program between
Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India

and
The World Bank

CRISIL Risk and Infrastructure Solutions Limited
Ministry of Urban Development
Capacity Building for Urban

Development Project
City Development Plan for

Siliguri- 2041
Final Report
April 2015
Consulting Firm:
CRISIL Risk and Infrastructure Solutions Limited
Project Team
Key Experts
Mr. Brijgopal Ladda Team Leader and Urban Development Specialist
Dr. Ravikant Joshi Municipal Finance Specialist
Dr. Madhusree Banerjee Social Development Specialist
Mr. K K Shrivastava Municipal Engineer
Mr. Ratnakar Reddy Transport Expert
Mr. Tapas Ghatak GIS Expert
Mr. Darshan Parikh Disaster Management Expert
Team Members
Mr. Appeeji Parasher
Mr.Sharat C.Pillalamarri
Mr. Sushant Sudhir
[iii]
Acknowledgment
The Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) has launched the Capacity Building for Urban Development
(CBUD) project supported by the World Bank to give a thrust to the implementation of reforms proposed
to be undertaken by urban local bodies. The CBUD project has identified issues for intervention and
areas of technical assistance that are required in the 30 cities spread across the country that were
identified under the project for Technical Assistance. Formulation of new/revised city development plans
(CDP) is one such initiative. First-generation CDPs were prepared for most of the cities under the
JnNURM/UIDSSMT programme of GoI; these are proposed to be revised under this project as per the
revised CDP guidelines issued by MoUD in April, 2013.
CRISIL Risk and Infrastructure Solutions Limited (CRIS) would like to thank MoUD for giving it an
opportunity to work on this prestigious assignment. CRIS would like to express its sincere gratitude for
the guidance and support provided by Dr.Sameer Sharma, IAS, Joint Secretary (Smart Cities);
Mr. Shailendra Vikram Singh, Director (Smart Cities-III and Capacity Building); and Mr. Sanjay Sharma,
Under Secretary (Smart Cities-III), MoUD. CRIS would also like to place on record and thank the officials
of the Town and Country Planning Organization, MoUD, specially Mr. R Srinivas (Town and Country
Planner), Mr. Sudeep Roy (Assistant Town and Country Planner), and Ms. D Blessy (Assistant Town
and Country Planner) for their valuable suggestions provided during the Technical Advisory Committee
meetings.
We would also like to thank the former Joint Secretary and Mission Director Ms. Nisha Singh, IAS, and
Mr. Anand Mohan, former Director (N-IV), MoUD.
CRIS is also grateful to the CBUD project team at MoUD – Mr. Nabroon Bhattacharya (Team Leader),
Mr. Hitesh Vaidya (Deputy Team Leader), Mr. Mahtab Alam (Urban Planning Specialist), Mr. Dinesh
Harode (Urban Planning Specialist), and Ms. Basobi Sheel (Social Development Specialist) – for their
timely and consistent technical support throughout the assignment.
We would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the support provided by the Municipal
Commissioner Mr. Sonam W.Bhutia the nodal officer for CBUD Project Ms. Joyeeta, and all other
officials of the Siliguri Municipal Corporation for providing the required data and information, identifying
city-level issues, and organising the stakeholder workshops conducted as part of the CDP formulation.
Last but not the least, we would like to extend a deep sense of gratitude to the CEO of Siliguri Jalpaiguri
Development Authority, Ms. R.Vimala, IAS and all key stakeholders of Siliguri city who have provided
their valuable feedback and suggestions on issues concerning the city and its future infrastructure
requirements, and have prioritised the implementation of the project.
[iv]
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1

1. Project Background ................................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Context ............................................................................................................................ 9
1.2 Revised CDP under Capacity Building for Urban Development (CBUD) Project .............. 11
1.2.1 CBUD Programme............................................................................................... 11
1.2.2 Preparation of Revised CDP under CBUD Programme ........................................ 11
1.3 Revised CDP Guidelines – key areas of emphasis ......................................................... 12
1.3.1 Vision-led planning .............................................................................................. 12
1.3.2 Resource-based planning .................................................................................... 12
1.3.3 Participatory approach ......................................................................................... 12
1.3.4 Equity Concerns, Poverty, and Local Economy Development............................... 13
1.3.5 Capacity Building in ULBs.................................................................................... 13
1.3.6 Sectoral Action Plans with Goal-Oriented Targets ................................................ 13
1.3.7 Monitoring and Evaluation Arrangements............................................................. 13
1.4 Objective of the Assignment ........................................................................................... 13
1.5 Approach and Methodology............................................................................................ 14
1.6 Brief on Siliguri Draft Development Plan ......................................................................... 16
1.7 Brief on Siliguri Comprehensive Mobility Plan ................................................................. 16
1.8 Key process undertaken for CDP preparation process .................................................... 17
1.8.1 List of meetings ................................................................................................... 17
1.8.2 Data Collection .................................................................................................... 18
1.8.3 Committee Formation .......................................................................................... 18
1.8.4 Stakeholders’ consultation & Focus Group Discussions ....................................... 19
1.8.5 Stakeholder workshop ......................................................................................... 19
1.8.6 CDP submission .................................................................................................. 21
2. Introduction to the City ............................................................................................................. 22
2.1 Regional Setting............................................................................................................. 23
2.2 Administrative Boundaries .............................................................................................. 25
2.3 Location and connectivity ............................................................................................... 25
2.3.1 Road ................................................................................................................... 26
2.3.2 Rail...................................................................................................................... 28
2.3.3 Air ....................................................................................................................... 28
[v]
2.4 Defining the study area .................................................................................................. 28

2.5 Physical Setting ............................................................................................................. 29
2.5.1 Topography and Geology .................................................................................... 29
2.5.2 Climatic Parameters ............................................................................................ 30
2.5.3 Water Resources ................................................................................................. 31
2.5.4 Forest resources, flora and fauna ........................................................................ 31
3. Demographic profile................................................................................................................. 32
3.1 Background.................................................................................................................... 32
3.2 Population and urbanization ........................................................................................... 32
3.3 Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts ................................................................................... 33
3.3.1 Darjeeling district ................................................................................................. 33
3.3.2 Jalpaiguri district .................................................................................................. 34
3.3.3 Siliguri city ........................................................................................................... 36
3.4 Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Population ......................................................... 36
3.5 Migration ........................................................................................................................ 36
3.6 Population Growth Trend ............................................................................................... 36
3.7 Population density .......................................................................................................... 38
3.8 Population Distribution ................................................................................................... 39
3.9 Average household size ................................................................................................. 40
3.10 Literacy rate ................................................................................................................... 41
3.11 Sex ratio ........................................................................................................................ 42
3.12 Key Observations ........................................................................................................... 42
3.13 Population Projection ..................................................................................................... 42
3.13.1 Basic considerations for population projections .................................................... 42
3.13.2 Methodology adopted for estimation of population ............................................... 43
3.13.3 Recommended population projection ................................................................... 45
4. Economic profile of the city ...................................................................................................... 46
4.1 Background.................................................................................................................... 46
4.2 West Bengal economic profile ........................................................................................ 46
4.2.1 Primary sector ..................................................................................................... 46
4.2.2 Secondary sector................................................................................................. 47
4.2.3 Tertiary sector ..................................................................................................... 47
4.2.4 Economic indices................................................................................................. 47
4.3 State policies for Siliguri economic development ............................................................ 47
[vi]
4.4 Siliguri city economy ...................................................................................................... 48

4.4.1 Primary Sector..................................................................................................... 48
4.4.2 Secondary sector................................................................................................. 49
4.4.3 Tertiary sector ..................................................................................................... 49
4.4.4 Informal Sector .................................................................................................... 50
4.4.5 Informal Sector .................................................................................................... 51
4.4.6 Informal commercial activity ................................................................................. 53
4.4.7 Specific norms for urban local bodies................................................................... 54
4.5 Workforce participation rate............................................................................................ 55
4.5.1 Workers’ Classification ........................................................................................ 56
4.5.2 Key Issues........................................................................................................... 56
5. Physical planning and growth management ............................................................................. 57
5.1 Background.................................................................................................................... 57
5.2 Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority ........................................................................ 58
5.3 Constituents of planning area ......................................................................................... 58
5.4 Spatial growth trends ..................................................................................................... 60
5.4.1 Land Rates .......................................................................................................... 63
5.5 Land Use ....................................................................................................................... 63
5.5.1 Comparison with URDPFI guidelines ................................................................... 65
5.6 Critical Appraisal of the Land use in the DDP ................................................................. 66
5.7 Roles and responsibilities of ULB and parastatals .......................................................... 66
5.8 Issues of the present land use Distribution ..................................................................... 67
6. Social infrastructure ................................................................................................................. 68
6.1 Background.................................................................................................................... 68
6.2 Health care facilities ....................................................................................................... 68
6.2.1 Existing situation ................................................................................................. 68
6.2.2 Role of SMC in health care services .................................................................... 69
6.2.3 Distribution of health care facilities ....................................................................... 69
6.2.4 Comparison with URDPFI norms ......................................................................... 70
6.2.5 Key issues ........................................................................................................... 70
6.3 Educational facilities....................................................................................................... 70
6.3.1 Existing Situation ................................................................................................. 71
6.3.2 Spatial distribution of schools............................................................................... 71
6.3.3 Comparison with URDPFI norms ......................................................................... 72
[vii]
6.3.4 Key issues ........................................................................................................... 73

6.4 Recreation ..................................................................................................................... 73
6.4.1 Key issues ........................................................................................................... 75
7. Infrastructure and Services ...................................................................................................... 76
7.1 Water supply .................................................................................................................. 76
7.1.1 Existing Water Supply Situation ........................................................................... 76
7.1.2 Key Issues........................................................................................................... 83
7.2 Sewerage and Sanitation ............................................................................................... 84
7.2.1 Existing sanitation system .................................................................................... 85
7.2.2 Key Issues........................................................................................................... 87
7.3 Solid Waste Management .............................................................................................. 87
7.4 Existing SWM System .................................................................................................... 87
7.4.1 Waste generation ................................................................................................ 88
7.4.2 Operational Mechanism ....................................................................................... 89
7.4.3 Collection ............................................................................................................ 89
7.4.4 Bio medical waste handling ................................................................................. 91
7.4.5 Night conservancy ............................................................................................... 91
7.4.6 Dumping and processing ..................................................................................... 91
7.4.7 Cost Recovery ..................................................................................................... 92
7.4.8 Future Solid Waste Generation ............................................................................ 93
7.4.9 Institutional Framework for SWM ......................................................................... 93
7.4.10 Key Issues........................................................................................................... 93
7.4.11 Proposals ............................................................................................................ 96
7.5 Storm Water Drainage.................................................................................................... 97
7.5.1 Existing Drainage System .................................................................................... 97
7.5.2 Key Issues........................................................................................................... 99
7.6 Street Light .................................................................................................................... 99
8. Traffic and transportation system ........................................................................................... 101
8.1 Existing road infrastructure ........................................................................................... 101
8.1.1 Road hierarchy .................................................................................................. 101
8.1.2 Important Junctions ........................................................................................... 102
8.2 Traffic characteristics ................................................................................................... 102
8.3 Composition of traffic ................................................................................................... 105
8.4 Growth of vehicles ....................................................................................................... 105
[viii]
8.5 Parking ........................................................................................................................ 105

8.6 Public Transport System .............................................................................................. 107
8.7 Transit Oriented Development ...................................................................................... 110
8.7.1 Combination of Public Transport and Land use: ................................................. 110
8.7.2 TOD in India ...................................................................................................... 110
8.7.3 Advantages ....................................................................................................... 110
8.7.4 Challenges ........................................................................................................ 110
8.7.5 TOD possibilities in Siliguri city .......................................................................... 111
8.7.6 Freight terminals ................................................................................................ 113
8.8 Key Issues ................................................................................................................... 113
9. Housing and urban poverty .................................................................................................... 115
9.1 Housing scenario in the city.......................................................................................... 115
9.1.1 Present availability of housing stock................................................................... 115
9.1.2 Quality of housing stock ..................................................................................... 116
9.1.3 Future housing demand ..................................................................................... 116
9.1.4 Overview of housing sector in the town .............................................................. 118
9.2 Urban poverty and slums ............................................................................................. 119
9.2.1 Slum profile ....................................................................................................... 119
9.2.2 Slum improvement (UPE cell) ............................................................................ 120
9.2.3 IHSDP ............................................................................................................... 122
9.2.4 Self-help groups ................................................................................................ 123
9.2.5 Livelihood development and poverty alleviation plan .......................................... 123
9.2.6 Key concerns..................................................................................................... 124
10. Baseline environment: urban environment and disaster management .................................... 125
10.1 Pollution level in the city ............................................................................................... 125
10.1.1 Ambient air quality ............................................................................................. 125
10.1.2 Noise Pollution .................................................................................................. 125
10.1.3 Water Pollution .................................................................................................. 126
10.2 Disaster proneness assessment of the City .................................................................. 127
10.3 Disaster mitigation and management in Siliguri ............................................................ 128
11. Climate change and sustainable development ....................................................................... 131
11.1 Climate change and cities ............................................................................................ 131
11.2 Learning from the past ................................................................................................. 132
11.3 Twelfth five year plan and climate change .................................................................... 132
[ix]
11.4 National action plan on climate change ........................................................................ 133

11.5 Urban heat island analysis for Siliguri ........................................................................... 135
11.6 Siliguri’s climate change resilience ............................................................................... 135
11.7 Recommended adaptation strategies ........................................................................... 136
12. Cultural resources, heritage and tourism ................................................................................ 137
12.1 Historical importance of the city .................................................................................... 137
12.2 Existing tourist locations ............................................................................................... 137
12.2.1 Coronation bridge .............................................................................................. 137
12.2.2 Madhuban Park ................................................................................................. 139
12.2.3 Mahananda wild life reserve .............................................................................. 139
12.2.4 Kali Mandir ........................................................................................................ 139
12.2.5 ISKCON Temple ................................................................................................ 140
12.2.6 Salugara Monastery .......................................................................................... 140
12.2.7 Mirik .................................................................................................................. 140
12.2.8 Surya Sen Park ................................................................................................. 140
12.2.9 Bidhan and Hong Kong Market .......................................................................... 141
12.3 Eco-Tourism around Siliguri ......................................................................................... 141
12.4 Tourist arrival ............................................................................................................... 142
12.5 Fairs and Festivals ....................................................................................................... 142
12.6 Key Issues relating to Heritage and Tourism................................................................. 142
13. Assessment of institutions, systems and capacities ................................................................ 143
13.1 Existing Status ............................................................................................................. 143
13.2 Functions of ULB ......................................................................................................... 145
13.3 Assessment of Human Resource ................................................................................. 146
13.4 Role and Responsibility of Various Institutions.............................................................. 148
13.5 Training & Capacity Building ........................................................................................ 148
13.6 Status of e-Governance ............................................................................................... 149
13.7 Key issues ................................................................................................................... 149
14. Municipal Financial Management ........................................................................................... 150
14.1 Existing Status – Financial Management ...................................................................... 150
14.2 Existing Status - Municipal Finances ............................................................................ 151
14.3 Key Issues ................................................................................................................... 156
15. SWOT analysis ...................................................................................................................... 157
16. City vision, development goal and strategies .......................................................................... 160
[x]
16.1 Stakeholder consultations ............................................................................................ 160

16.2 Consultative meetings & focus group discussions ......................................................... 161
16.3 First stakeholder consultation ....................................................................................... 163
16.4 Second city-level stakeholder consultation ................................................................... 165
16.5 Potential, challenges, and aspirations........................................................................... 166
16.6 Vision statement .......................................................................................................... 167
16.7 Development goals ...................................................................................................... 168
16.8 Third city-level stakeholder consultation ....................................................................... 172
16.9 Fourth city-level stakeholder consultation ..................................................................... 172
17. Sector Plan, Strategies and Investment Plan.......................................................................... 174
17.1 Institutionalizing CIP..................................................................................................... 174
17.2 Water supply sector plan .............................................................................................. 175
17.2.1 Capital Investment Plan ..................................................................................... 176
17.2.2 Project details.................................................................................................... 177
17.2.3 Phasing of investment ....................................................................................... 178
17.2.4 Possibility of PPP .............................................................................................. 178
17.3 Sewerage and Sanitation sector plan ........................................................................... 179
17.3.2 Project details.................................................................................................... 181
17.3.4 Possibility of PPP .............................................................................................. 181
17.4 Solid Waste Management sector plan .......................................................................... 182
17.4.2 Project details.................................................................................................... 184
17.4.4 Possible PPP interventions ................................................................................ 185
17.5 Storm Water Drainage Sector Plan............................................................................... 186
17.5.2 Project details.................................................................................................... 187
17.6 Urban roads, traffic and transportation sector plan........................................................ 187
17.6.2 Project details.................................................................................................... 190
[xi]
17.7 Basic Services for Urban Poor Sector Plan................................................................... 192

17.7.2 Project Details ................................................................................................... 193
17.8 Social infrastructure Sector Plan .................................................................................. 194
17.8.2 Project Details ................................................................................................... 196
17.8.3 Phasing of projects ............................................................................................ 196
17.9 Urban Environment Sector Plan ................................................................................... 197
17.9.2 Project Details ................................................................................................... 198
17.10 Local Economic Development Sector Plan ................................................................... 199
17.10.2 Project Details ................................................................................................... 200
17.11 Tourism Sector Plan..................................................................................................... 202
17.11.2 Project Details ................................................................................................... 203
17.12 Urban Governance ....................................................................................................... 204
17.13 Summary of Capital Investment .................................................................................... 205
17.14 Summary of Investment Phasing .................................................................................. 206
17.15 Composition of investment ........................................................................................... 207
17.16 SMC investment........................................................................................................... 208
17.17 Priority Projects............................................................................................................ 209
18. Financial Operating Plan........................................................................................................ 210
18.1 Financial Plan for the City ............................................................................................ 210
18.2 Methodology ................................................................................................................ 210
18.3 Financing Strategies for CIP......................................................................................... 212
18.3.1 Financial Projections.......................................................................................... 213
18.4 Investment Sustenance Capacity ................................................................................. 214
[xii]
19. Review and Monitoring framework ......................................................................................... 224

19.1 Framework for Review and monitoring ......................................................................... 225
19.1.1 Timeline and Periodicity of review ...................................................................... 225
19.2 Reviewing of the CDP Document ................................................................................. 226
19.2.1 Engaging with Community and Stakeholders’ Consultation ................................ 226
19.2.2 Data Update and Mapping of the City ................................................................ 226
19.2.3 Capacity Building............................................................................................... 226
19.3 Review and Monitoring of Reforms and Project Implementation.................................... 226
19.3.1 Assessment of Reforms and Project Implementation ......................................... 226
19.3.2 Financial Reforms.............................................................................................. 226
19.3.3 Property Tax Reforms........................................................................................ 227
19.3.4 Sector /Ward Development Plans ...................................................................... 227
19.3.5 Review of the Project Priorities .......................................................................... 227
19.4 Monitoring of Financial Operating Plan and Capital Investment Plan............................. 227
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................. 228
Annexures ..................................................................................................................................... 229
Annex-1: Kick Off Meeting with MoUD ................................................................................... 229
Annex-2: Technical Committee at SMC.................................................................................. 231
Annex-3: Focus Group Discussions ....................................................................................... 233
Annex-4: Stakeholder Workshop Invitation Letter (Interim Stage) ........................................... 241
Annex-5: Stakeholder Participants sheet (Interim Stage) ........................................................ 242
Annex-6: Stakeholder Workshop Invitation Letter (Draft Stage) .............................................. 243
Annex-7: Stakeholder Workshop Invitation Letter (Final Stage) .............................................. 244
Annex-8: SMC ward-wise population...................................................................................... 245
Annex–9: List of Projects proposed under CDP ...................................................................... 247
Annex–10: Data gaps in Siliguri CDP ..................................................................................... 250
Annex-11: Action Taken Report ............................................................................................. 251
Annex-12: TAC minutes ......................................................................................................... 269
[xiii]
List of Tables
Table 1: Summary of Various Meetings and Consultations ............................................................... 17
Table 2: Darjeeling district demographic description......................................................................... 33
Table 3: Jalpaiguri district demographic description ......................................................................... 35
Table 4: Total Urban Population of Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling Districts .............................................. 35
Table 5: Comparative population of Siliguri city ................................................................................ 36
Table 6: SC and ST Population........................................................................................................ 36
Table 7: Population growth trends.................................................................................................... 37
Table 8: Average population density in Siliguri ................................................................................. 39
Table 9: Number of Household and Average Household size ........................................................... 41
Table 10: Literacy rate ..................................................................................................................... 41
Table 11: Sex ratio .......................................................................................................................... 42
Table 12: Population projection using Various Methods ................................................................... 44
Table 13: Projected population in Siliguri ......................................................................................... 45
Table 14: Tea auction sale at Siliguri Auction centre ........................................................................ 48
Table 15: Employment details of tertiary sector ................................................................................ 49
Table 16: Commercial establishments (trade) in Siliguri ................................................................... 49
Table 17: Employment Details of Informal Sector ............................................................................ 51
Table 18: Prominent Markets in Siliguri and Work flow ..................................................................... 53
Table 17: Work force participation ratio ............................................................................................ 55
Table 18: Female work participation................................................................................................. 55
Table 21: District wise share of SMC Area ....................................................................................... 57
Table 22: Summary of Constituents of Siliguri Planning Area ........................................................... 60
Table 23: Land Use of the SMC region ............................................................................................ 64
Table 24: Land use Distribution ....................................................................................................... 65
Table 25: Roles and Responsibility of the Institutions ....................................................................... 67
Table 26: Land use and relating issues ............................................................................................ 67
Table 27: List of Hospitals................................................................................................................ 68
Table 28: Health care facilities in Siliguri .......................................................................................... 70
Table 29: Types of Educational Institution (Government) ................................................................. 71
Table 30: Existing education facilities’ comparison with URDPFI norms ........................................... 73
Table 31: List of Park and Play Grounds Maintained by SMC ........................................................... 74
Table 32: Water supply storage capacity in Siliguri........................................................................... 77
Table 33: Distribution Network details .............................................................................................. 77
[xiv]
Table 34: Details of number of water connections in SMC ................................................................ 78

Table 35: Water connection charges ................................................................................................ 79
Table 36: Total collection from water supply by SMC ....................................................................... 80
Table 37: Electricity consumption at pumping station – raw water main ............................................ 80
Table 38: Electricity consumption at pumping station – Pumping Station .......................................... 80
Table 39: Details of operating expenses on water supply under SMC............................................... 81
Table 40: Service level indicators: Water Supply .............................................................................. 81
Table 41: Water Demand estimation ................................................................................................ 83
Table 42: Water supply demand projections..................................................................................... 83
Table 43: Institutional Framework .................................................................................................... 83
Table 44: Total Cess-pool collection for 2011-12.............................................................................. 85
Table 45: Service level indicators: Sewerage ................................................................................... 86
Table 46: Sewerage future generation ............................................................................................. 87
Table 47: Source of municipal solid waste except bio-medical waste in SMC ................................... 88
Table 48: SWM coverage area of Siliguri ........................................................................................ 89
Table 49: Infrastructure for waste collection ..................................................................................... 90
Table 50: Increased monthly charges w.e.f January 2012 ................................................................ 91
Table 51: Projected Solid Waste Generation .................................................................................... 93
Table 52: Interventions Identified By SMC ....................................................................................... 96
Table 53: Service level indicators: Storm water drainage ................................................................. 97
Table 54: Status of Street lighting in SMC ........................................................................................ 99
Table 55: Length of Roads by Hierarchy ........................................................................................ 101
Table 56: Intersection No. of Arms & Its Control: Siliguri Municipal Area......................................... 102
Table 57: traffic volume on major roads of Siliguri .......................................................................... 103
Table 58: Number of Registered Vehicles ...................................................................................... 105
Table 59: Parking Status of Siliguri ................................................................................................ 107
Table 60: Details of bus terminals in Siliguri ................................................................................... 108
Table 59: Quality of housing in the city ........................................................................................... 116
Table 60: Housing demand assessment in Siliguri ......................................................................... 117
Table 61: Details of slums in Siliguri............................................................................................... 119
Table 62: Details of slum improvement programmes ...................................................................... 120
Table 63: Slum improvement programmes under different schemes............................................... 121
Table 64: Status of 3 pro-poor reforms till 2013, IHSDP Phase-I .................................................... 122
Table 67 : Air quality in SIliguri ....................................................................................................... 125
[xv]
Table 68: DO,BOD and Fecal Colifor Presence in Water ................................................................ 126
Table 69: Disaster mitigation measures ......................................................................................... 129
Table 70: Risk factors .................................................................................................................... 132
Table 71: Borough-wise ward distribution details............................................................................ 144
Table 72: Functions of Different Authorities .................................................................................... 145
Table 73: Detailed Sanctioned cadre in SMC ................................................................................. 146
Table 74: Functional mapping for urban services ........................................................................... 148
Table 75: Variation in Planned and Actual Budget .......................................................................... 150
Table 76: Financial Status ............................................................................................................. 151
Table 77: Planned vs Actual for last 5 Years .................................................................................. 151
Table 78: Detailed revenue and expenditure SMC ......................................................................... 152
Table 79: Collection of Own Funds for last 5 Years ........................................................................ 153
Table 80: Details of the Government Grants received by SMC ....................................................... 153
Table 81: Assessment Details........................................................................................................ 154
Table 82: Collection Details (Rs in Lakhs) ...................................................................................... 155
Table 83: Key municipal financial indicators ................................................................................... 155
Table 84: Strength and weakness in the city .................................................................................. 157
Table 85: Opportunities and threats in the city ............................................................................... 158
Table 86: SWOT Summarized ....................................................................................................... 158
Table 87: Priority sectors ............................................................................................................... 160
Table 88: List of consultations with SMC officials ........................................................................... 161
Table 89: List of consultations with parastatal agencies ................................................................. 161
Table 90: List of consultations with business organisations ............................................................ 161
Table 91: List of consultations with NGOs ...................................................................................... 161
Table 92: Potential, challenges, & aspirations ................................................................................ 166
Table 93: Sector-wise development goals ...................................................................................... 168
Table 94: Agenda for stakeholder workshop at draft stage ............................................................. 172
Table 95: Agenda for stakeholder workshop at final stage .............................................................. 172
Table 96: Water supply sector plan ................................................................................................ 175
Table 97: Water supply capital investment plan.............................................................................. 176
Table 98: Water supply project details ........................................................................................... 177
Table 99: Water Supply Phasing .................................................................................................... 178
Table 100: Sewerage sector plan................................................................................................... 179
Table 101: Projects identified and phasing – Sewerage and sanitation ........................................... 180
[xvi]
Table 102: Projects Details – Sewerage and sanitation .................................................................. 181

Table 103: Project Phasing – Sewerage and sanitation .................................................................. 181
Table 104: Solid Waste Management sector plan .......................................................................... 182
Table 105: Projects identified – Solid waste management .............................................................. 184
Table 106: Projects Details – Solid waste management ................................................................. 184
Table 107: Phasing of investment – Solid waste management ....................................................... 185
Table 108: Strom Water Drainage sector plan ................................................................................ 186
Table 109: Projects identified – Storm water drainage .................................................................... 187
Table 110: Projects Details – Storm water drainage ....................................................................... 187
Table 111: Phasing of Investment – Storm water drainage ............................................................. 187
Table 112: Urban Roads and Traffic and Transportation ................................................................ 188
Table 113: Projects identified – Traffic and transportation .............................................................. 189
Table 114: Projects Details– Traffic and transportation................................................................... 190
Table 115: Phasing of investment– Traffic and transportation......................................................... 191
Table 116: Basic Services for Urban Poor sector plan .................................................................... 192
Table 117: Urban poverty alleviation – Projects identified ............................................................... 193
Table 118: Urban poverty alleviation – Projects Details .................................................................. 193
Table 119: Urban poverty alleviation – Phasing of investment ........................................................ 194
Table 120: Social infrastructure sector plan.................................................................................... 194
Table 121: Socio cultural infrastructure – Projects identified ........................................................... 195
Table 122: Socio cultural infrastructure – Projects Details .............................................................. 196
Table 123: Socio cultural infrastructure – Phasing of projects......................................................... 196
Table 124: Urban environment sector strategy ............................................................................... 197
Table 125: Urban environment– Projects identified ........................................................................ 198
Table 126: Urban environment– Projects Details............................................................................ 198
Table 127: Urban Environment– Phasing of investment ................................................................. 199
Table 128: Local Economic Development sector strategy............................................................... 200
Table 129: Local Economic Development – Projects ...................................................................... 200
Table 130: Local Economic Development – Project Details ............................................................ 201
Table 131: Local Economic Development – Phasing of investment ................................................ 201
Table 132: Tourism Development sector strategy .......................................................................... 202
Table 133: Tourism Development sector – Project detail ................................................................ 203
Table 134: Tourism Development sector – Project detail ................................................................ 203
Table 135: Tourism Development sector – Phasing of investment .................................................. 204
[xvii]
Table 136: Urban governance sector strategy ................................................................................ 204

Table 137: Urban Governance sector – Project detail .................................................................... 204
Table 138: Urban governance sector – Phasing of investment ....................................................... 205
Table 139: Summary of capital investment ..................................................................................... 205
Table 140: Summary of investment phasing................................................................................... 206
Table 141: Implementing agency wise breakup of investment ........................................................ 208
Table 142: Sector wise breakup of SMC investment ...................................................................... 208
Table 143: Priority projects ............................................................................................................ 209
Table 144: Methodology for City Financial Plan.............................................................................. 210
Table 145: Key assumptions .......................................................................................................... 214
Table 146: FoP- Business as usual scenario.................................................................................. 216
Table 147: FoP- Improved case scenario – Reforms implementation ............................................. 217
Table 148: Projects on PPP basis .................................................................................................. 221
Table 149: Framework for Monitoring and Evaluation of various components in the CDP ............... 225
[xviii]
List of Figures
Figure 1: Urban Infrastructure Investment Requirement 2012-2013 .................................................. 10
Figure 2: CBUD project components ................................................................................................ 11
Figure 3: CDP preparation approach................................................................................................ 15
Figure 4: CDP Preparation Methodology .......................................................................................... 16
Figure 5: Stakeholder workshop at Interim stage .............................................................................. 20
Figure 6: Stakeholder workshop at draft CDP stage ......................................................................... 21
Figure 7: Siliguri City Location Map .................................................................................................. 23
Figure 8: Siliguri regional setting ...................................................................................................... 24
Figure 9: Administrative boundaries ................................................................................................. 26
Figure 10: Siliguri city road connectivity with surrounding region ...................................................... 27
Figure 11: Siliguri Topography ......................................................................................................... 29
Figure 12: Annual temperature variation of Siliguri (2012) ................................................................ 30
Figure 13: Annual rainfall graph (2012) ............................................................................................ 30
Figure 14: Rural-Urban Population in West Bengal, 2011 ................................................................. 32
Figure 15: Population trends in Siliguri ............................................................................................. 37
Figure 16: Siliguri population decadal growth rate ........................................................................... 38
Figure 17: Density in Siliguri ............................................................................................................ 39
Figure 18: Ward wise population ...................................................................................................... 39
Figure 19: Ward wise density, 2011 ................................................................................................. 40
Figure 20: Number of Households ................................................................................................... 41
Figure 21: Population projection in various studies ........................................................................... 43
Figure 22: Population projections as per various methods ................................................................ 44
Figure 23: Historic and projected population trend in Siliguri ............................................................ 45
Figure 24: Major Economic activity areas of Siliguri .......................................................................... 52
Figure 25: Sectoral share of workers in Siliguri................................................................................. 56
Figure 26: Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Area ............................................................................... 58
Figure 27: Siliguri Jalpaiguri Planning Area ...................................................................................... 59
Figure 28: Growth direction in Siliguri............................................................................................... 62
Figure 29: Siliguri City Administrative Evolution................................................................................ 62
Figure 30: Siliguri land use progression trend .................................................................................. 64
Figure 31: Land use Breakup ........................................................................................................... 64
Figure 32: Location of schools in Siliguri .......................................................................................... 72
Figure 33: Flow chart showing value chain of water supply services ................................................. 76
[xix]
Figure 34: Flow chart showing value chain of sewerage services ..................................................... 84
Figure 35: Toilets constructed in wet lands in Siliguri ....................................................................... 86
Figure 36: Flow chart showing value chain of services in SWM services .......................................... 88
Figure 37: Map – Water Logging Areas............................................................................................ 98
Figure 38: Indicative traffic volume on major roads of Siliguri ......................................................... 104
Figure 39: Accident prone areas and on-street parking locations in Siliguri..................................... 106
Figure 40: Modal shares in Siliguri ................................................................................................. 107
Figure 41: PT and IPT routes in Siliguri .......................................................................................... 109
Figure 42: Thematic Transit Oriented Development for Siliguri ....................................................... 112
Figure 41: Housing stock growth .................................................................................................... 115
Figure 42: Quality of housing ......................................................................................................... 116
Figure 43: Housing demand for future years .................................................................................. 117
Figure 44: Future housing scenario in SMC area ........................................................................... 118
Figure 45: Ward-wise slum population ........................................................................................... 120
Figure 49: Untreated waste directly discharged into the river. ......................................................... 127
Figure 50: Seismic zonation map of West Bengal .......................................................................... 128
Figure 51: Siliguri Climate Resilience ............................................................................................. 135
Figure 52: Coronation Bridge ......................................................................................................... 138
Figure 53: Tourist locations nearby Siliguri ..................................................................................... 138
Figure 54: Madhuban Park ............................................................................................................ 139
Figure 55: ISKCON Temple, Siliguri ............................................................................................... 140
Figure 56: Local attractions in and around Siliguri city .................................................................... 141
Figure 57: Political Wing of SMC.................................................................................................... 143
Figure 58: Administrative Wing of SMC .......................................................................................... 145
Figure 59: Stakeholder consultation ............................................................................................... 164
Figure 60: Sample questionnaire filled by a stakeholder ................................................................. 164
Figure 61: Stakeholder consultations at interim level ..................................................................... 165
Figure 62: Capital investment for 2021 (figures in Rs. crore) .......................................................... 206
Figure 63: Investible surplus – Base and improved case ................................................................ 215
Figure 64: Financial capacity – Key scenarios ................................................................................ 217
[xx]
List of Maps
1. Base map for the city…………………………………………………………..……….…….….…28
2. Existing water bodies map…………………………………………………………….…………...31
3. Density map………………………………………………………………………………………….39
4. Social infrastructure map for the city………………………………………….……….……….….73
5. Roads network map for the city……………………………………………………….……….….102
6. Slums mapping………………………………………………………………………………….…..119
[xxi]
Abbreviations
Acronym Definition
ADP Annual Development Plan
ADT Average Daily Traffic
BADP Border Area Development Programme
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
BOT Build – Operate - Transfer
BPL Below Poverty Line
BPO Business Process Outsourcing
BSNL Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
BSUP Basic Services for Urban Poor
CAA Constitutional Amendment Act
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate
CBD Central Business District
CBSE Central Board of Secondary Education
CBUD Capacity Building for Urban Development
CDP City Development Plan
CDS Community Development Societies
CEPT Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology
CFP City Financial Plan
CIP Capital Investment Plan
CMP Comprehensive Mobility Plan
CMU Change Management Unit
CNG Compressed Natural Gas
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization
CRIS CRISIL Risk and Infrastructure Solutions Limited
CSP City Sanitation Plan
CWM Cold Water Main
CWR Clear Water Reservoir
DCB Demand Collection Balance
DDP Draft Development Plan
DEAS Double Entry Accounting System
DIC District Industries Centre
DIFD Department for Institutional Development
DPC District Planning committee
DPE Density Polyethylene
DPG Directorate of Public Grievances
DPR Detailed Project Report
DSCR Debt-Service Coverage Ratio
DTG DDP Technical Group
DWCUA Development of Women and Children in Urban Areas
ECG Electrocardiography
EHTTOA Eastern Himalaya Travel & Tour Operators’ Association
ESR Elevated Service Reservoir
EWS Economically Weaker Section
FGD Focus Group Discussion
[xxii]
FOCIN Federation of Chamber of Commerce and Industry of North Bengal

FOP Financial Operating Plan
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GIS Geographic Information System
GLR Ground Level Reservoir
GSDP Gross State Domestic Product
GSLI Group Savings Linked Insurance
HDPE High Density Polyethylene
HHW Household Hazardous Waste
HJRO Hindustan Jiban Rasayan Organisation
HPEC High Powered Expert Committee
ICDS Integrated Child Development Services
ICF Innovative Challenge Fund
ICSE Indian Certificate of Secondary Education
IDA International Development Association
IDFC Infrastructure Development Finance Company
IEC Information Education and Communication
IGCC Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
IGNOU Indira Gandhi National Open University
IGNWPS Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme
IHSDP Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programmes
IIT Indian Institute of Technology
ILCS Integrated Low Cost Sanitation
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPP Indian Population Programme
IPT Intermediate Public Transport
IRAD Indian Road Accident Database
ITES Information Technology Enabled Service
JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
JSY Janani Suraksha Yojana
KUSP Kolkata Urban Services For The Poor
KVA Kilo-Volt-Ampere
LED Light-Emitting Diode
LIG Low Income Groups
LMV Light Motor Vehicle
LPCD Liters Per Capita per Day
LRT Light Rail Transit
LUDCP Land Use and Development Control Plan
MGD Million Gallons Per Day
MGNREGS Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
MIC Mayor-In-Council
MLD Million Litres Per Day
MSME Medium and Small Scale Industries
MSW Municipal Solid Waste
MTP Medical Termination of Pregnancy
NAPCC National Action Plan on Climate Change
NASSCOM National Association of Software and Services Companies
NBC National Building Code
NBSTC North Bengal State Transport Corporation
[xxiii]
NEIIP North East Industrial and Investment Promotion Policy

NFBS National Family Benefit Scheme
NHC National Hurricane Center
NHG National Health Group
NJP New Jalpaiguri
NMSA National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
NOAPS National Old-Age Pension Scheme
NRW Non-Revenue Water
NSDP National Skills Development Program
NUPAM National Urban Poverty Alleviation Mission
ODP Outline Development Plan.
OHR Over Head Reservoir
OPD Out Patient Department
OSD Officer on Special Duty
PCB Pollution Control Board
PCU Passenger Car Unit
PHED Public Health and Engineering Department
PMEGP Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme
PMU Project Management Unit
PPP Public Private Partnership
PTR Pupil-Teacher Ratio
PWD Public Works Department
RAY Rajiv Awas Yojana
RBA Rapid Baseline Assesment
RCV Resident Community Volunteer
RDF Reduced Derived Fuel
RFP Request For Proposal
RFQ Request For Qualification
RSPM Respiratory Suspended Particulate Matter
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
SBHS Siliguri Boys High School
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SCAOWS Siliguri City Auto Operators' Welfare Society
SDH Siliguri District Hospital
SDO Sub-Divisional Officer
SEZ Special Economic Zone
SHG Self Help Group
SIDBI Small Industries Development Bank of India
SIFC State Investment Facilitation Centre
SIT Siliguri Institute Of Technology
SJDA Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority
SJPA Siliguri Jalpaiguri Planning Area
SJSRY Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana
SMC Siliguri Municipal Corporation
SNT Sikkim National Transport
SPA School of Planning and Architecture
SPM Suspended Particulate Matter
SPV Special Purpose Vehicle
SSI Small Scale Industry
[xxiv]
SSK Sahbhagi Shikshan Kendra

SSM Sarva Shiksha Mission
STP Sewerage Treatment Plant
STPI Software Technology Parks of India
SUA Siliguri Urban Agglomeration
SUDA State Urban Development Agency
SWD Storm Water Drainage
SWM Solid waste Management
SWOT Strength Weakness Opportunities & Threats
TOD Transit Oriented Development
TPD Tonne per Day
TPO Town Planning Officer
UDPFI Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation
UGD Under Ground Drainage
UHI Urban Heat Island
UIDSSMT Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns
ULB Urban Local Body
UPE Urban Poverty Elevation
UPVC Un-plasticized polyvinyl chloride
URDPFI Urban & Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation
USAID United States Agency for International Development
USEP Urban Self Employment Program
USHA Urban Statistics for Human Resource and Assessments
UWSP Urban Women Self-Help program
VAMBAY Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojna
VAT Value Added Tax
WBDMA West Bengal Department of Municipal Affairs
WBFDCL West Bengal Forest Development Corporation Limited
WBIDC West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation Ltd.
WBM Water Bound Macadam
WBPCB West Bengal Pollution Control Board
WBREDA West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency
WBSEDCL West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Limited
WBSETCL West Bengal State Electricity Transmission Company Limited
WBTDC West Bengal Tourism Development Corporation
WHO World Health Organisation
WTP Water Treatment Plant
[xxv]
Executive Summary
A city development plan (CDP) is a corporate strategy for any urban local body that presents both a
vision of the city’s desired future and mission statements on how the city (together with other
stakeholders), intends to work towards achieving that vision in the next ten/fifteen years. The CDP
translates the mission into actions and actions into desired outcomes. The objective of involving
stakeholders and getting endorsements by the urban local body and other implementing agencies is to
hold them accountable for the mission statements, actions and expected outcomes.
Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC) did not have a city development plan. However, the corporation
prepared draft development plans which were limited to investments required in a piecemeal manner
and did not envisage an overall change and comprehensive infrastructure planning for the city. The
current CDP for Siliguri has been attuned to the objectives of the Capacity Building for Urban
Development (CBUD) project (Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India) which are to
address the major constraints of urban development and specifically focus on capacity-building
requirements for successful urban management and poverty reduction across selected ULBs in India.
Siliguri, the gateway to North-East India is not only of vital importance to the state of West Bengal but
to India as a whole. It is signified by four Ts – tea, timber, tourism and transport, and is without a
competitor in North Bengal in these aspects. Its hinterland consists of North Bengal, Sikkim, Bhutan,
Nepal and Assam. It is one of the most rapidly developing metropolises of the state.
Settlements in Siliguri started with the setting up of tea plantations and a junction station (in July 1881)
for passengers to board the famous toy train bound for Darjeeling. Growth of the town picked up
momentum after India’s Independence. People flowed in from the hinterland states of Bihar, Uttar
Pradesh and Assam. There was also a major influx of business communicates from other parts of the
country such as Rajasthan who came here to foster the town’s latent business opportunities and gave
it a cosmopolitan character eventually. Siliguri was also a major hub for trading in jute. Rally brothers,
Lamden Clerk, Clerk Mayer and other companies had their offices and godowns (storehouses) in the
city.
Siliguri is popularly known as the gateway or the chicken neck of north-east India as its corridor
establishes a connection between the rest of India and the north-eastern states. The city is spread over
two districts in West Bengal, Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri. Naxalbari, Jalpaiguri, Rajgunje, and Malbajar
are some important towns near Siliguri. Siliguri is the headquarters of the plains sub-division of
Darjeeling District of West Bengal and is situated 392 feet above mean sea level in the foothills of the
Himalayas on the banks of the river Mahananda. Siliguri is located proximity of three international
borders (Bangladesh, China, and Nepal). It also links hill stations such as Gangtok, Darjeeling,
Kalimpong, Kurseong and Mirik and the northeast states with the rest of India. Moreover, as a gateway
to the wonderful sights of the Himalayan peaks and ranges in Darjeeling, Siliguri offers important tourist
activities that stimulate its economy.
The Siliguri Municipality was established in 1949. Till 1994, Siliguri Municipality had 30 wards under it.
After the declaration of the Siliguri Municipal Corporation in 1994, 17 new wards were added to its
jurisdiction taking its total area to 41.9 sq. km. Siliguri Municipal Corporation falls in two districts,
Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri; 14 out of 47 wards of the SMC fall in the neighbouring Jalpaiguri district.
Siliguri is located at 26.71°N and 88.43°E in the foothills of Himalayas. The place can be reached
overnight by both road and train from the state capital Kolkata. It is connected to Kolkata by NH-31 and
to the other cities of West Bengal, Assam and Bihar state by road; it lies on Asian Highway 2. Siliguri
Final Report-Siliguri City Development Plan [1]
has three railway stations, namely, Siliguri town, Siliguri Junction and New Jalpaiguri. The Bagdogra
International Airport situated about 15 km away is the only airport in the region.
According to Census 2011, the city had a population of 5.13 lakhs. Out of 47 wards, 14 wards fall in the
Jalpaiguri district and the remaining 33 wards in the Darjeeling district. The population density of the
city is 11,274 persons per sq.km. The literacy rate of the Siliguri urban area stands at 79% and sex ratio
at 946. As per population growth trends and future economic growth projections, Siliguri’s population
would increase from 5.1 lakh in 2011 to 9.12 lakhs by 2031 and 11.31 lakh by 2041.
The strategic location of Siliguri makes it a base for essential supplies to the entire north-east region.
With tea, timber, tourism and transport as its core businesses, Siliguri serves as the headquarters of
the Federation of Chamber of Commerce and Industry of North Bengal (FOCIN). Trade and commerce
play a major role in the local economy of Siliguri Municipal Corporation. The formal service sector also
contributes significantly to the local economy within the Municipal Corporation. It constitutes academic
institutes (schools, colleges and other academic institutions), automobile repair centers, banks and post
offices, health institutions, hotels, IT offices, retail outlets and trading centres.
The tertiary sector dominates the economy of the SMC area while the surrounding areas are
characterized largely by agro-based and forest-based economies. In 2011, only 9% of the workforce in
the SMC area was engaged in the secondary sector with 87% based in the tertiary sector. The overall
work force participation in 2011 in the SMC area was 36.62%.
Today, the city’s growth depends on aspects like physical infrastructure, social infrastructure, economic
and employment opportunities, city administration setup, and urban environment. Based on
assessment of physical and economical infrastructure within the city and region. Given this scenario,
there is a need to develop physical and social infrastructure of the city, the industrial corridors and mass
transit facilities to connect the residential zones to the employment zones.
In the light of the above, through a participatory approach, the vision for Siliguri has been formulated as
“developing a clean, green and planned city by emphasizing on tourism, transit and trade by
2021”.
Sectors such as water supply, sewerage and sanitation, solid water management, storm water
drainage, traffic and transportation, urban poverty and slum improvement, local economic development,
urban environment, social infrastructure, and heritage management are covered under development
goals in the CDP. The development goals have been framed on the basis of priority areas, to achieve
the Vision for the city and to meet sector-specific service-level benchmarks and indicators. The goals
have been substantiated with detailed action plans.
Projects have been identified on the basis of demand-gap analysis. Further, sector strategies and action
plans have been finalised based on discussions with relevant stakeholders. The goals and service
outcomes are envisaged to be implemented by 2021 as an immediate priority. The projects identified
involve rehabilitation of existing infrastructure systems and augmentation of capacity to meet the
demands of future population. The sector-wise demand gap assessment as follows:
i. Water supply
In the case of water supply, the key problem areas for Siliguri are dependence on multiple systems of
water supply, losses in the distribution system due to the old distribution network and uneven water
supply distribution across the city. Further, the new areas have not been covered with water supply
network. As per our assessment, there is a current gap of 45 MLD in the existing water supply demand.
Further, to meet the future requirement for the ultimate population of 2041, the city requires around 116
MLD of additional water. In order to meet the water quality issues in new areas and future population
growth, additional requirement of 184 MLD of treatment capacity has been projected.

ii. Sewerage and sanitation

The key issue in the case of sewerage and sanitation is lack of an underground drainage (UGD) system
and sewerage treatment facilities. There is no UGD system and the whole city is dependent on private
septic tanks. Therefore, SMC should develop a comprehensive sewerage system in the city. As per our
gap analysis, the city would require a sewerage treatment plant of 147 MLD capacity to treat generated
sewerage by 2041. For the short term (2021), the city requires plants of 93 MLD capacity each and 898
km of branch sewer lines.
iii. Solid waste management
In Siliguri, about 82% of the households are covered with solid waste management (SWM) services.
Thus the key challenges in SWM are inadequate segregation of waste at source, treatment of solid
waste management, SWM recovery mechanisms, and lack of a scientific landfill site in the city. As per
the gap analysis, the city would require around 450 MT fleet capacity for transportation of waste to the
treatment plant, and a waste processing and compost plant of around 231 MT capacity to be set up by
2021.
iv. Storm water drainage
The city does not have a distinct storm water drainage network. About 83% of the road network is
covered by an open drainage system. As per our gap analysis, the city would require additional 848 km
of storm water network by 2021 to cover the entire city.
v. Traffic and transportation
The city does not have 100% coverage of cement concrete /bitumen tar surface roads. Pedestrian
safety and increasing accident rate are the other major concerns. Lack of foot over-bridges and zebra
crossings on major congested roads hinder smooth pedestrian movement. All the major roads have on-
street parking, which reduces effective right of way (RoW). Further, the city does not have a proper
public transport system.
vi. Housing and basic services for urban poor
With respect to housing and basic services for the urban poor, the key challenges are dilapidated
housing and lack of service coverage in terms of individual toilets and social infrastructure facilities.
Further, the service levels should be improved so that slum-dwellers can easily access water supply,
sewerage, door-to-door waste collection, CC roads, and street-lighting facilities.
Our action plan includes categorization of slums; integrated development of slums through adoption
of slum networking strategies; rehabilitation of slums through development of pucca housing;
construction of housing; providing access to health and education by implementing the health and
education action plans; as well as livelihood restoration through activity centers and skill development
programmes.
vii. Social infrastructure

The key challenges in the social and cultural infrastructure space are lack of adequate education
infrastructure for pre-primary, primary, and higher secondary education. Also, there is a need to
develop health care infrastructure at both the neighborhood and city levels. Further, socio-cultural
infrastructure like community centers must be developed in the identified wards. The requirement for
development of schools, hospitals, socio-cultural facilities and parks and playgrounds has been
assessed as per URDPFI guidelines. Construction of veterinary services for stray animals has also
been proposed.
viii. Urban environment, disaster management and climate change
The two major interventions identified under urban environment are rejuvenation of water bodies and
pollution mitigation strategies. Under pollution mitigation, augmentation of pollution control check

devices, installation of sprinklers in identified corridors, and plantation activities have been identified.
The second intervention is mapping of water bodies, eviction of encroachments, and construction of
rainwater harvesting pits, implementing pollution mitigation strategies, take up energy conservation and
diligent impact assessment and monitoring for infrastructure projects. Further, climate change mitigation
measures like solar street-lighting along major arteries and rooftop photovoltaic paneling in government
and institutional buildings have been proposed for investment.
ix. Local economic development
Projects under local economic development have been envisioned in keeping with the vision
formulated for the city. As the vision suggests, the city should ideally shine as a tourist, transit and
trading hub by 2041. In view of the rapid economic growth of city, a tea museum and timber based
furniture units could be developed in the city.
x. Tourism sector development

The city can be groomed as a transit hub for tourist activity in view of the tourist locations existing
within 100 km radius of the city. Strategies to this end include development of tourist amenities and
accommodation facilities. These projects could be taken up by the state tourism department. Further,
construction of tourist information kiosks, bus stands, and railway stations could be taken up by SMC.
SMC’s financial assessment

Siliguri Municipal Corporation’s major source of income is tax revenue and revenue from fees and user
charges. Market rent and water tax are the main avenues of income for the corporation, followed by
revenue grants, contributions and subsidies. The highest expense is incurred on establishment by the
corporation. From the detailed revenue and expenditure balance sheet, it is evident that the corporation
is running under deficit.
The corporation has already implemented property tax in the corporation area. The property tax is fixed
on ‘base unit area value’ – as per the West Bengal Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Act, 2009 – by
the state valuation agency and is revised every five years. However, the property tax in the state has
not been revised for the last 10 years, although revision of the tax has been initiated by the valuation
agency. As per the West Bengal Valuation Board’s draft valuation list, total assessed properties in SMC
number 96,000 approx. However, till date, only 80,307 properties have been taxed. Revenue income
of SMC increased from Rs.2,771 lakh in 2008-09 to Rs. 6,033 lakhs in 2012-13. While revenue income
grew on a year-on-year basis, the annual rate of growth also increased except in when it declined to
11% compared to 20.8% in 2010-11.
Investment requirements and city investment plan
SMC’s investment requirements to implement the sectoral action plans outlined in the CDP have been
identified and included in a city investment plan (CIP). CIP is generally prepared in line with the identified
vision for a city through a comprehensive process of gap assessment and stakeholder consultations.
The assessment has also based on identified sector-specific strategies, implementation actions, and
associated reforms with specific inputs from stakeholders too. The strategies adopted are to improve
service delivery through efficiency measures and creation of infrastructure assets, and better all
governance aspects.
The total estimated capital investment required to provide efficient services to the present population
and future population of the city by 2041 is Rs. 3,357 crore. A sum of Rs. 2,710 crore is proposed for
investment by 2020-21 to cater to infrastructure requirement. The table below presents a summary of
sector-wise investment needs and investments.

Short Term Long Term Total

S.No Sector 2021 2021-41 investment
(investment in Rs. Crore)
1 Water Supply 337 52 389
2 Sewerage & Sanitation 408 13 421
Urban Roads, Traffic & 76 117
3 41
Transport, Street Lighting
4 Storm Water Drains 424 0 424
Housing & basic services for 407 650
5 242
urban poor
6 Solid Waste Management 210 67 276
7 Urban Environment 568 83 651
Social Infrastructure, Heritage 114 227
8 114
and Socio Culture
9 Local Economic Development 95 7 102
10 Tourism Development 38 0 38
11 Urban Governance 34 34 67
Total investment estimated 2,710 647 3,362
Source: CRIS analysis

About 19% of the investment has been identified towards urban roads, traffic and transportation; 19%
towards housing and basic services for the urban poor; 13% towards sewerage and sanitation; 1%
towards social infrastructure ;13% towards storm water drains; 4% towards local economic
development; 3% towards solid waste management; and 7% towards urban environment. The rest of
the investment has been earmarked for tourism development and urban governance.
The following agencies would be responsible for implementing the projects identified in the CDP.
1. Siliguri Municipal Corporation: SMC would be responsible for design, construction,
operation, and maintenance of water supply, sewerage system, SWM, SWD, housing and basic
services for the urban poor, municipal roads, parks, and playgrounds. SMC would be the
implementing agency for all projects identified in the above-mentioned sectors. It would have
to contribute 83% of the total investment.
2. Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority: SJDA would be responsible for revision of master
plans and land use conversions. It would be the implementing agency for the proposed transit-
oriented development in the city. Also, regional transport projects like the construction of a
logistic hub, transport nagar and truck terminals would be helmed by SJDA. It would be required
to contribute 5% of the total investment.
3. West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. (WBIDC): WBIDC is responsible for
the development of common infrastructure facilities in industrial zones like access roads,
internal roads, water supply network, drains and effluent channels. Hence, WBIDC would be
the implementing agency for the development of special economic zones in the city. It would
have to contribute 1% of the total investment.
4. West Bengal Tourism Development Corporation (WBTDC): WBTDC is in charge of
construction, operation and maintenance of tourist points within the state. Hence, WBTDC has
been identified as a suitable agency for tourism development projects identified in the CDP.
WBTDC would have to contribute 1% of the total investment.
5. West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency (WBREDA): WBREDA is

responsible for provision of technical assistance to projects in the non-conventional energy
sector. Further, the department also implements small-scale projects with fund support from
the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. Hence, WBREDA would be assigned all renewable
energy projects in the city. It would have to share 3% of the total investment.
6. Department of education and health: The state department for education and health would
be responsible for development of education and health facilities identified as per the URDPFI
guidelines. The education department would have to contribute 1% of the total investment and
the health department 4%.
2021 2041
Investmen
Sr.No Name of Agency Investment
t % %
Estimated
Estimated
1 SMC 2,282 84% 2,798 83%
2 SJDA 109 4% 166 5%
3 WBIDC 36 1% 36 1%
North Bengal State Transport
4 70 3% 70 2%
Corporation
5 WBTDC 38 1% 38 1%
6 WBREDA 42 2% 84 3%
7 Department of Education 18 1% 35 1%
8 Department of Health 115 4% 135 4%
Total investment 2,710 100% 3,362 100%
SMC’s investment
The overall investment required for 2041 is Rs 3,362 crores. SMC would be responsible for taking up
projects worth Rs 2,282 crores by 2021; the remaining investment would have to be made by
parastatals/state government departments. The sector-wise breakup of SMC’s investment for 2021 has
been presented in the table below.
2021 (Investment 2041 (Investment
Sector estimated in Rs. estimated in Rs.
Crore Crore
Water Supply 337 389
Sewerage & Sanitation 408 421
Solid Waste Management 76 117
Storm Water Drains 424 424
Urban Roads, Traffic & Transport, Street Lighting 287 480
Housing & basic services for urban poor 77 107
Urban Environment 568 651
Social Infrastructure 72 143
Local Economic Development 0 0
Tourism Development 0 0
Urban Governance 34 67
Total investment 2,282 2,798

SMC’s investment capacity and financial operating plan

We have assessed SMC’s investment capacity through a financial operating plan (FOP)1, which gives
a multi-year forecast of finances for the medium term. In line with the phasing of identified projects in
the capital investment (CIP), the FOP has been generated for the same period for SMC, to assess
SMC’s investment-sustaining capacity. A salient feature of the FOP is that all outstanding dues,
including debt and non-debt liabilities if any, are also taken into account. Accordingly, the annual
accounts of SMC for the period between the financial years 2008-09 and 2012-13 were used to
determine past trends for both revenue and expenditure items and to arrive at appropriate growth
assumptions for each of the income and expense items. After forecasting the revenue account, the CIP
has been loaded on to cash flow.
The project funding structure comprises grants under the New Urban Development Mission (NUDM)
framework2 (accounting for 70% of the funding as per JNNURM structure has been assumed); internal
surplus and debt are considered to meet the balance fund requirement. The level of investment that
SMC can sustain is determined by studying the overall surpluses/year-to-year opening balance and
debt-service coverage ratio (DSCR). A spread sheet FOP model has been customized to depict the
financial position of SMC. The investment-sustaining capacity of SMC has been assessed based on
the FOP assumptions. The model was used to calculate the overall surpluses under various scenarios
involving combinations of internal revenue improvement, state support, financing terms, etc.
Given the existing financial position of SMC, the revenue and capital accounts of SMC are projected
against the growth scenario. The FOP is generated from the sustainable investment point of view in line
with current growth trends against the identified investment.
The overall investment estimated is Rs. 2,282 crore (on constant prices). However, as per the current
prices, the estimated investment would be Rs. 2,465 crore (which includes cost escalation and physical
contingencies). It is observed that without any grant support, SMC can implement projects worth Rs.
114 crore only. With grants, SMC can take up priority projects in the areas of sewerage and sanitation,
solid waste management, and traffic and transportation. Thus, there is a need to augment SMC’s
investment capacity by implementing revenue enhancement measures and mandated reforms, to
enable it to access state and central grants, to achieve improved case investment capacity.
Given the importance of Siliguri city in the region, it is very important to upgrade the city’s basic
infrastructure facilities to attract investment and industries to the city and also boost economic
development in the region.
Therefore, SMC should aim to implement the improved case investment capacity (Rs. 913 crore)
with grant support from state and central governments. SMC needs to take the following steps to
achieve this improved case scenario investment:
 Reforms in property tax need to be implemented immediately to improve coverage and

collection efficiency; policy-level changes may also be needed to streamline the department.
 Water tariff structure is to be revised immediately. SMC should explore a volumetric tariff
structure for metered water connections.
 SMC should levy user charges on solid waste management services – SMC may explore this
initiative as part of property tax.
 SMC should explore the outsourcing of certain functions to reduce establishment expenditure.
1
For the preparation of FoP for SMC, we have adopted the methodology as provided in the revised CDP toolkit.
2
Based on the past trends, it is assumed the funding structure would remain same as it was in the JNNURM;

 SMC should ensure that the contractor carries out operation and maintenance of the assets
created (WTP, STP and SWM plants) for a period of five/eight years after the completion of
the test runs.
 SMC should curtail regular capital expenditure over the next 5-10 years and take up only
priority works in wards.
 SMC should explore the PPP route to implement either the projects or project components.
Thus, the CDP embodies the approach, methodology and implementation actions which can facilitate
development of Siliguri city. However, to execute this plan, institutional arrangements need to be
streamlined and strengthened. Also, the requisite institutions, system and capacities must be in place.
SMC has undertaken several initiatives over the years to reform urban governance and implement
reforms at the city level; these initiatives need to be deepened. All these initiatives and associated
aspects are discussed in the report.

1. Project Background
1.1 Context
The need for an overall urban improvement and development to sustain the economic growth
momentum post the liberalization era first found its expression in the mandate of the Jawaharlal Nehru
National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) launched by the Government of India (GoI) in December
2005. The project endeavoured to bring about an improvement in the quality of urban life and make
them as investment destinations. The programme derived its initial rationale from the “National Common
Minimum Programme” of GoI that laid stress on the expansion of physical infrastructure, and therefore,
comprehensive urban renewal and slum development could be taken up. The second rationale for such
a large-scale programme was derived from India’s international commitment to achieving the Millennium
Development Goals; GoI proposed to facilitate investments in the urban sector and strengthen the
existing policies in order to achieve these goals.
In recognition of the above mandate, the JNNURM programme was conceived. The scale of the
programme was aimed to be in the mission mode primarily to make the cities realize their full potential
and become engines for growth. It is argued that the urban sector contributes to over 50% of the
country’s gross domestic product (GDP), and therefore, focused attention is required for urban
infrastructure development.
As already mentioned above, JNNURM is the first flagship national programme for urban development
of this nature and size launched by GoI. The programme sought to bring about a change in the way
urban development has been perceived. It recognized the importance of two major aspects for urban
development in the country:
 The need for urban infrastructure improvement in order to improve quality of life and sustain
the local economy as well as to attract more investments; and
 The need for investment to undertake urban infrastructure improvements.
In doing the above, the programme brought about the necessary awareness among the urban local
bodies (ULBs) regarding planning and implementation of projects, the need for systematizing urban
services and their management, and the need for involving stakeholders in project planning and raising
revenues for the urban areas that can sustain the urban infrastructure. Significant emphasis was given
to urban governance reforms and the need to link reforms with investments. Assistance therefore to the
state governments and ULBs was proposed to flow through a reform-linked plan. Introduction of such
reforms was considered crucial for developing sustainable infrastructure that would include,
 Efficient management of created physical assets so as to increase self-sustainability; and
 Enhance efficient service delivery.
Both these aspects were to be achieved through the agenda of reforms in the cities.
Over the past nine years, the programme has committed over Rs. 286 billion for 552 projects involving
a total investment of over Rs. 620 billion. Some of the key achievements of the project include the
following:
 The mission has been successful in catalyzing multi-year investments and reformed
development in urban infrastructure;
 There has been a visible improvement in the delivery of municipal services in many cities;
 Some cities have prepared development/master plans for the first time. There is also greater
awareness in the ULBs regarding the need to develop systematic plans for improvement in

infrastructure. There is also an increase in aspiration levels among communities and there is a
demand for better infrastructure and services;
 Several projects, especially in the transport sector, have been taken up within the JNNURM
framework, which has significantly improved the quality of life in the cities; and
 There has been good progress in the implementation of reforms at policy level at state and
central level. Most of the states have framed their policies on reforms and started implementing
the same. ULBs have started implementing the reforms in the areas of accounting, e-
governance, property tax, and user charges.
While there has been a significant change in the urban sector due to JNNURM, several challenges have
emerged, which need to be addressed:
 The city development plan (CDP) was seen as an investment plan for projects in the immediate
term, and not as a vision document for the city, resulting in very limited cities revising the same;
 While preparing the CDP, consultation with the stakeholders was limited and mostly restricted
to the line departments and parastatal agencies;
 The pace of project execution has been found to be slow. Some states have been able to take
greater advantage of the programme than others;
 Cities have also not been very successful in leveraging JNNURM funds to raise finances on their
own or to attract private or PPP-based investment;
 The ULBs are not in a position to take over all the functions mentioned under the 12th Schedule
of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA) at present. Most of the ULBs are also not in a
position to take over functions like roads and bridges, water supply sewerage, drainage, and
urban forestry due to their present incapacity to do so; and
 Institutional strengthening and capacity building initiatives are yet to be initiated in most of the
ULBs. Most of the ULBs are facing capacity-related issues such as lack of staff (staff recruitment
has not been carried since long).
The Planning Commission of GoI, through a committee, has devised a framework for the next urban
mission. This framework has been prepared after studying and analyzing the successes and challenges
in implementing JNNURM and the initiatives taken by other ministries in urban development.
The High Powered Expert Committee (HPEC) report published in 2011 further identified about
Rs. 39,000 billion of investment in infrastructure in the urban areas of India (Refer Figure 1).
Figure 1: Urban Infrastructure Investment Requirement 2012-2013
Source: Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure and Services, HPEC, 2011

1.2 Revised CDP under Capacity Building for Urban

Development (CBUD) Project
1.2.1 CBUD Programme

In order to give an impetus to reforms under JNNURM, the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) and
Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MoHUPA) have launched a new project called
“Capacity Building for Urban Development” (CBUD). The project has been launched with support
from the World Bank (WB). GoI has received financing from the WB/International Development
Association (IDA) towards the CBUD project. The broad aim of the project is to address the major
constraints of urban development and specifically focus on the capacity building requirements for
successful urban management and poverty reduction across the selected ULBs in India.
The project will contribute to GoI’s overarching objective of creating economically productive, efficient,
equitable, and responsive cities. Achieving this objective will help sustain high rates of economic growth,
accelerate poverty reduction, and improve services, especially to the urban poor.
The project has three components as presented in Figure 2.
Figure 2: CBUD project components
Capacity Building of Urban

Development
Capacity Building for Capacity Building for

Strengthened Urban Effective Urban Poverty Implementation Support
Management Monitoring and Alleviation
1. Capacity Building for Strengthened Urban Management: This component is aligned with
the infrastructure and governance sub-mission of JNNURM and will thus support technical
assistance across the several urban management topics.
2. Capacities Building for Effective Urban Poverty Monitoring and Alleviation: These
capacity-building initiatives are aligned with the basic services to the urban poor sub-mission.
They reflect the need for building information systems, sharing experiences, and designing
strategies for urban poverty alleviation.
3. Implementation Support: This component will support a national project management unit
(PMU) for providing overall technical and managerial support during the implementation of the
programme. The PMU will have a critical role in promoting and support the project.
1.2.2 Preparation of Revised CDP under CBUD Programme

In order to identify broader issues for intervention and areas of assistance pertaining to development of
cities, CDPs, which were already available for most of the cities under JNNURM, need to be revised as
per the revised CDP Guidelines (April 2013) issued by MoUD.
MoUD has identified 30 cities across India under the CBUD project to facilitate the support. MoUD
invited proposals and entrusted CRISIL Risk and Infrastructure Solutions (CRIS) with the responsibility
of preparing the CDPs.
1.3 Revised CDP Guidelines – key areas of emphasis

The revised guidelines issued by MoUD further incorporate certain additional aspects; these aspects
shall be covered while preparing both fresh and revised CDPs. The aspects to be incorporated are:
 Formation of CDP Committees – Policy and Technical;
 Inclusion of heritage, health, and education sectors in the CDP;
 Stress on infrastructure management aspects;
 Outcome parameters of projects;
 Revenue enhancement initiatives, expenditure management initiatives, and asset management
initiatives;
 Special emphasis on PPP projects; and
 Transit-oriented development (TOD).
Some of the other key areas of importance in the revised guidelines are as follows.
1.3.1 Vision-led planning

The revised guidelines specify that unlike the past CDPs, the city vision needs to be more detailed. The
city vision need to be based on understanding the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats
(SWOT) for the city and the needs and priorities of the people of the city. The people must be
encouraged at workshops and consultation sessions to visualize the future of the city, their aspirations,
and the consequent growth that they anticipate in the city. This vision finally can be translated into
respective sectoral visions.
1.3.2 Resource-based planning

Every city in India in the context of its regional location has particular strengths in terms of its resource
endowments. Such resources need to be assessed and their strengths realized for city development.
The approach for plan preparation could be: a) national resource led planning for cities endowed with
natural resources like water bodies) OR b) Economy based (for an industrial or trading city), OR c)
Tourism based for heritage cities OR d) combination of the above. This helps in setting the city apart
from the rest. The approach can be identified based on:
a) Existing city strengths and opportunities,

b) Regional role of the city in the context of state development, and
c) Needs of the city.
1.3.3 Participatory approach

As already mentioned above, the revised CDP guidelines have specified that the CDP should be treated
as a “living document”. For this, periodic revision and updation of the CDP is necessary. Such revisions
have to and must be conducted with a participatory planning approach. The CDP guidelines outline that
local area plans need to be prepared in consultation with the ward committees to fulfil the expectations
of the citizens. Also, the guidelines specify that such an approach is necessary to ensure equity
concerns and poverty issues are integrated in the CDP. Consultations also need to be carried out at
every stage of the plan preparation and implementation. The citizens must be able to prioritize and
choose their needs for infrastructure development.

1.3.4 Equity Concerns, Poverty, and Local Economy Development

Poverty and local economy development go hand in hand. Understanding the local economy would
help in devising appropriate infrastructure development strategies that can help in/be conducive to the
growth of the local economy and thereby nurture local talent and resources. These need to be given
adequate focus in the present CDP exercises, and therefore help in not just local economy development
but also in regional economy development.
The 12th Five Year Plan has also started a mission for National Urban Poverty Alleviation Mission
(NUPAM) for targeting housing and poverty alleviation based on recommendations of the NUPAM
identifying the issues of poverty and housing in city and implementation status of programmes such as
Rajiv Awas Yojana, Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP), etc. Integration
of these aspects would be crucial in making the CDP relevant to state and central government policies.
1.3.5 Capacity Building in ULBs

The ULBs presently face serious human resource shortage for planning, development, and urban
management activities (including operations and maintenance, monitoring and evaluation, financial
management, and procurement). This issue has been highlighted by the study on the appraisal of
JNNURM projects as well. The CDP guidelines have proposed that the CDPs must address this issue.
Also, it has been suggested in the guidelines that urban reforms need to be implemented with greater
participatory approach. The strategies to arrive at the vision for a city should be linked to the reform
agenda. ULBs should be asked to outline the reforms and propose a timeline to achieve the same.
Administrative and structural reforms should be made mandatory and carried out as soon as possible.
Financial thresholds need to be decided and adhered to in terms of the central assistance under
JNNURM being given as a soft loan or a grant. This approach would help in designing an appropriate
capacity-building strategy.
1.3.6 Sectoral Action Plans with Goal-Oriented Targets

The revised guidelines specifically highlight the need for preparation of sectoral action plans with targets
that are oriented towards specific goals. Action plans are specifically required for sectors including Local
Economic Development Plan, Infrastructure Development Action Plan, Housing and Poverty Alleviation
Action Plan, Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP), Heritage Management Plan (where needed),
Financial Management Plan, Institutional and Capacity Building Action Plan and Environment
Management Plan (including disaster management). Such sectoral plans would be based on clearly
identified goals. Also, inter-sectoral as well as intra-sectoral linkages need to be addressed through the
CDP.
1.3.7 Monitoring and Evaluation Arrangements

The guidelines clearly spell out the need for monitoring and evaluation at regular intervals as to the
extent of implementation of the CDP. Also, the development of monitoring arrangements would go a
long way in securing community participation, who can be involved in the process of monitoring.
1.4 Objective of the Assignment

The CDP aims to identify an integrated solution to the challenges facing the city. It recognizes the
economic growth strategy as well as the actions that would be required by various agencies to ensure
the sustainable development of the city. The CDP is the ULB’s strategy that presents the vision of the
desired future for the city, and the mission statements on how the ULB, together with other stakeholders,

intends to work towards achieving this long-term vision. The CDP incorporates the assessment of city
majorly at four levels: socio-cultural and economic environment; physical environment; infrastructure
services and institutions; and urban poverty and heritage.
The primary objective of this assignment is – to revise and update the existing CDP.
The scope of work in brief shall entail:
 Profiling the present status of the city, providing an in-depth analysis of its demographic,
economic, financial, infrastructure, physical, environmental, and institutional aspects;
 Based on the above analysis, developing a perspective and a vision for the city, which would
be prepared in consultation with its relevant stakeholders. In order to achieve the vision, a
formulation strategy for bridging the gap between where the city is at present and where it
wishes to reach need to be prepared;
 The CDP should provide for a Capital Investment Plan (CIP), based on which the concerned
ULB will be able to access funds under central/ state government schemes as well as from own
and other sources based on priority actions and projects identified in the CDP;
 The document should also provide Financial Operating Plan (FOP) to direct the ULBs for
mobilizing various financial resources to implement the identified projects. The inter-sectoral
and intra-sectoral issues need to be addressed by the CDP;
 Preparation of the CDP will consist of city development strategies that will emerge out of a
structured consultative process. The process will enable elected representatives, key staff of
departments of Municipal Corporation/ Municipal Council, parastatal agencies and other
institutions, policy makers and the citizens to participate and plan for spatial, social and
economic development of the concern cities; and
 The CDP has to adhere to the latest revised toolkit prepared by the MoUD for CDP preparation
published on its website www.jnnurm.nic.in in April 2013.
1.5 Approach and Methodology

The approach to the assignment is based on the consultative and analytical assessment of the existing
situation. The inputs from stakeholders have been used to prioritize areas of development and to
formulate the strategies in order to make the revised CDP an implementable document. The approach
of revised CDP preparation is presented in Figure 3.

Figure 3: CDP preparation approach
The revised CDP has been prepared for the period of next 30 years, i.e. 2041. It is a forward-looking
consensus program for the city that outlines the path with respect to the following aspects:
Infrastructure Development – Assessment, gap analysis, arriving at investment requirement (short
term and long term) and prioritization of various services provided by Municipal Corporation - water
supply, sewerage, storm water drainage, roads, traffic & transportation, street-lighting, solid waste
management, firefighting, education, health, etc.
Slum Development – Preparation of programme for the development of slum pockets in the city.
This includes access to all the basic services as well as housing for urban poor.
Economic Development – The revised CDP focused critically on tapping the existing potential and
identifying key economic development opportunities for the city.
Social Development – The revised CDP has taken into account the social development needs of
the city such as the need for hospitals, education institutes, and recreational centers.
Institutional Development – Assessment of capacity building required for ULBs to undertake
development of city.
Financial sustainability -The revised CDP has assessed the revenue sources, areas of
expenditure and current and future investment requirement of the city. Based on this, sustainable
investment capacity has been arrived and measures to improve revenues and control expenditures
have been suggested.
Reform Assessment Plan –The revised CDP also discussed status of various reforms undertaken
by the ULBs to bring about improvements. These reforms are in the areas of accounting, e-
Governance, property tax, user changes, building byelaws, etc.
Moreover, the approach is based on the philosophy of developing workable solutions. The methodology
for undertaking the work of preparation of revised CDP is presented in Figure 4. Broadly, five steps in
a sequential order have been undertaken in this work.

Figure 4: CDP Preparation Methodology
Source: Revised CDP toolkit, 2012 and CRIS analysis
1.6 Brief on Siliguri Draft Development Plan

The Siliguri Municipal Corporation Act 1990 requires it to prepare Draft Development Plans (DDP)
covering a period of five years and that addresses a range of municipal functions as laid down in the
Act. Siliguri Draft Development Plan (2008-2013) report mainly discusses the current infrastructure facilities,
population growth, slum infrastructure, land use development, environmental management, local economic
development, livelihood and poverty, health care and educational facilities in the city; The report also
explains the estimation of infrastructure gaps and supply and demand, and investment requirements for the
period of implementation of DDP. The DDP estimated about Rs. 566.59 crore for city development of Siliguri
with a 5 years implementation period.
1.7 Brief on Siliguri Comprehensive Mobility Plan

Urban Development Department has initiated the Traffic and Transportation Master Plan (TTMP) for
the Siliguri Jalpaiguri Planning Area to address the growing traffic congestion in the study area. As part
of the TTMP study, Siliguri Comprehensive Mobility Plans (CMP) has been prepared in 2011. The CMP
mainly explains the existing transport system, analysis of existing traffic situation, future urban growth
scenario, future transport network scenario, parking and freight areas identification, environmental
impact, travel demand forecast, public transport improvement plan, regulatory and institutional
measures, and implementation programmes. The CMP identified major traffic & transportation issues
in the city including absence of cohesion in the transportation network, lack of development and
maintenance of infrastructure, lack of public transport options and absence of enforcement of traffic

rules and regulations, etc. To overcome the challenges in the city, the CMP has estimated the cost of
required traffic and transportation projects at city level to be Rs. 266.25 crore. The proposed projects
Including strengthening of major arterial roads (Hill cart road, Bidhan road, Sevoke road, Nivedita road
and Station feeder road), establishing new links , construction of flyover/underpasses (Check post more,
Mallaguri Intersection) and redesign of intersections.
1.8 Key process undertaken for CDP preparation process

CRISIL Risk & Infrastructure Solutions Limited (CRIS) has been appointed by Ministry of Urban
Development (MoUD) for the Preparation and Revision of City Development Plans for 13 Selected
Cities under Package 1 and 17 selected cities under Package 2. A kick-off meeting was organized by
MoUD to review the work plan and approach for the assignment. The meeting was chaired by Ms. Nisha
Singh IAS, Joint Secretary and Project Director and was attended by senior officials from MoUD, PMU
from CBUD and officials from TCPO, CPWD.
CRIS Team made a presentation on the following aspects
 Our Experience in Preparation of CDPs
 Details of Assignment Coverage
 Our Approach - Revised CDP toolkit
 Proposed Teaming
The minutes of the kick off meeting have been provided in Annex-1
1.8.1 List of meetings

The list of meeting carried out during the CDP preparation process with ULB officials, parastatal
agencies, city stakeholders have been outlined below.
Table 1: Summary of Various Meetings and Consultations
Sl.No. Meeting Date and Venue Participants
1st workshop
City-level Representatives from SMC, SJDA,
1 stakeholder 27th December 2013 other line department officials and
Workshop CRIS team.
(Inception Stage)
 SMC urban planner
 9th June 2014  Municipal Accounts
 9th June 2014 Department
 11th June 2014  SCAOWS
 12th June 2014  Hotel Association
Stakeholder  11th June 2014  Borough II Officer
consultations  13th June 2014  Mini Bus Syndicate
2  16th June 2014  FOCIN
(One to one
consultations)  14th June 2014  Ward 20 Councillor (Slum)
 15th June 2014  Borough I Officer
 13th June 2014  Ward 28 Councilors (Slum)
 24th June 2014  EHTTOA
 14th Oct 2014  SMC Commissioner, Urban
Planner, RAY Cell,
Engineering Department,

Sl.No. Meeting Date and Venue Participants

Health Department, SJDA
Officials.
2nd workshop
City-level Chief Municipal Officer, Nodal Officer,
3 stakeholder 12th September, 2014 SMC officials, ward councilors, line
Workshop (Interim department officials and CRIS team.
Stage)
3rd workshop SMC Commissioner, Chief Executive

Officer, SJDA & Hon'ble Chairperson
City Level Board of Administrators (SMC), T.
4 Stateholder 16th February, 2015
S.D.O, Siliguri, SMC officials, SJDA
workshop (Draft officials, A.C.P, Traffic Siliguri, other
Stage) Stakeholders and CRIS team.
4th Workshop
City Level SMC Commissioner, Chief Executive
5 Stateholder 12th March, 2015 Officer, SMC officials, SJDA officials,
workshop (Final other Stakeholders and CRIS team.
Stage)
6 Technical 24th March 2015 at 313 – B, TAC committee members and CRIS
Advisory committee room, Nirman team. The suggestions of TAC on
Committee (TAC) Bhawan, New Delhi Siliguri CDP are presented in Annex-
meeting on the 11.
Draft CDP
1.8.2 Data Collection

Secondary data on various sectors had been collected from the respective departments such as SMC,
Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority (SJDA) and the West Bengal Pollution Control Board. Other
major documents such as draft development plans, detailed project reports of various urban services,
municipal budgets, comprehensive mobility plan and physical progress of on-going projects were
collected. The CRIS team has carried out consultations with various stakeholders of the city and city-
level assessments which include Strength, Weakness, and Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) analysis.
1.8.3 Committee Formation

SMC has formulated the policy and technical committees in line with the GoI’s revised toolkit on the
preparation of City Development Plan. Under the Technical committee, three categories of committees
have been formulated which are Infrastructure, land use and environment development committee;
Social and livelihood development committee; and Municipal Institutional strengthening. The Technical
group for Vision Document & City Development Plan of Siliguri Municipal Corporation was adopted in
the Board of Councillors meeting on 28th Jan 14. In May 2014, the Municipal Council was dissolved;
Due to this, formation of policy committee is still at discussion stage.
The details of the Technical Committee formulated in the meeting on 27th Jan 2014 are provided in the
Annex-2.

1.8.4 Stakeholders’ consultation & Focus Group Discussions

The consultative process is the key to planning for any city. In Siliguri, City Development Plan is
prepared for the first time. Earlier, the corporation used to prepare DDP which was only limited to
investment required in a piecemeal manner and could not look into an overall vision and comprehensive
infrastructure planning for the city.
Hence, in line with the objectives of the preparation of a fresh CDP for Siliguri city, a stakeholder
consultation was planned. Stakeholders at the first level were identified; they included Siliguri Municipal
Corporation itself (Commissioner, SJDA officials, all other line department officials); all other key
institutions from the city which play a major role in planning, implementation and management, city
stakeholders such as market associations, FOCIN, mini bus syndicate and institutions working in social
aspects, other associations and the media.
The details of the FGDs conducted are presented in Annex-3.
1.8.5 Stakeholder workshop

The snapshot of various stakeholder workshops conducted during the preparation of Siliguri CDP has
been presented below. The detailed discussion on these workshop has been presented in the city
vision, development goals and strategies section.
a. Inception meeting
Stage 1 Inception meeting

The objective of the inception meeting was to discuss with the SMC officials on
the process for CDP preparation and the role of the ULB and other line
Agenda
departments in the preparation process etc. and also, explain the relevance of
formation of policy and technical committees as envisaged in revised CDP Toolkit.
The inception meeting was organized in 27th December 2013 at SMC to initiate
Timing
the commencement of CDP preparation process.
Venue Indoor Stadium of Siliguri Municipal Corporation
 Officials from SMC, SJDA and
Participants  Representative from CRISIL Risk and Infrastructure Solutions Ltd.
(CRIS)
1. Awareness among the municipal officials on prepration of CDP process
2. CRIS team informed during the meeting regarding formation of policy
Outcomes committee and technical committee.
3. Some Key Issues and Challenges faced by the Siliguri city were
discussed in the meeting.
Photographs
b. Interim workshop
Stage 2 Interim workshop

To present the status and performance of service delivery mechanism in
Agenda Siliguri, City SWOT analysis to the stakeholders and to understand aspirations
of the citizen on city development and framing of the vision for Siliguri.
The workshop was conducted on 12th September 2014 post the city
Timing
assessment; stakeholder consultations on city issues and prioritization of

Stage 2 Interim workshop

sectors. (Workshop invitation letter and participants list have been presented
in Annex-4 & Annex-5 respectively)
Venue Municipal Corporation Office, Siliguri.
The Municipal Commissioner chaired the workshop and there were 35
Participants participants including the representatives from Parastatals agencies, NGOs
and academicians.
Grouping of stakeholders was carried out to discuss sector specific issues.
Outcomes The views and suggestion provided were noted down. Sectoral issues and
suggestions were identified; Vision formulation exercise was carried out.
Figure 5: Stakeholder workshop at Interim stage
c. Draft workshop
Stage 3 Draft workshop

To present the draft CDP including the major proposal and strategies and to
Agenda take comments, suggestions on various proposals included in the CDP
process in Siliguri.
The workshop was conducted on 16th February 2015, post the discussion with
Timing
SMC officials on the projects identified
The workshop was attended by 45 participants which include officials from
SMC, SJDA, other line departments, market associations, City Based
Participants Organisations and NGOs. (Workshop invitation letter has been presented in
Annex-6). There is a considerable participation of women stakeholders in the
workshop.
The commissioner of SMC and CEO of SJDA have chaired the workshop. The
CRIS team made a presentation on city level assessment, sector wise demand
gap analysis, projects identified and capital investment plan for the city.
Outcomes Further, CRIS team discussed on the financial sustainability of SMC to take-
up the projects on various scenarios.
CRIS team has requested the stakeholder to provide their inputs/ suggestion
on the proposed projects for the city.

Figure 6: Stakeholder workshop at draft CDP stage
d. Final workshop
Stage 4 Final workshop
To present the final revisions on Siliguri CDP including the major proposal and
Agenda strategies and to take comments, suggestions on various proposals included
in the CDP process.
The workshop was conducted on 12th March 2014, post the discussion with
Timing
SMC officials on the projects finalization.
The workshop was attended by 40 participants which include officials from
SMC, SJDA, other line deprtments, City Based Organisations and NGOs.
Participants
(Workshop invitation letter has been presented in Annex-7 ). There is a
considerable participation of women stakeholders in the workshop.
The commissioner of SMC has chaired the workshop. The CRIS team made
a presentation on revised capital investment plan and financial operating plan
for the city. Further, CRIS team discussed on the River fornt development
Outcomes
project for Siliguri city.
CRIS team has requested the stakeholder to provide their inputs/ suggestion
on the proposed projects for the city.
1.8.6 CDP submission
The inception and Interim reports have been submitted to MoUD and SMC on 31st December 2013 and
30th November, 2014 respectively. Subsequent to the final stakeholder workshop held on 12th March
2014 for Siliguri CDP, CRIS team has incorporated the suggestions received from the stakeholders and
the CBUD team; accordingly updated the draft CDP. The updated Draft CDP has been submitted to
MoUD and SMC on 3rd January 2015. The Technical Advisory committee has reviewed the draft report
and provided the suggestions on submitted draft report. Based on the suggestions, the report has been
revised for submission. The minutes of meeting of TAC meeting held on 24th March, 2015 has presented
in Annex-12.

2. Introduction to the City

Siliguri, the gateway to North-East India, is not only of
vital importance to the state of West Bengal but to Four ‘T’s of Siliguri – tea, timber, tourism and
India as a whole. It is signified by four T's – tea, timber, transport.
tourism and transport in north Bengal. Its hinterland
The world famous Darjiling Tea grows within
consists of North Bengal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Nepal and
a hundred km radius around Siliguri.
Assam. It is one of the most rapidly developing
Traditionally the settlement developed as a
metropolises of the state. Situated in Darjeeling
tea plantation and it is still the major trade
district, it is the district's largest city; however, the
centre for tea. The Terai forests in the foot
district headquarters is located at Darjeeling. Siliguri is
hills of Himalayas is a major source of
a unique city as 15 out of the 47 wards of Siliguri
timbers. Siliguri acts as a trading centre for
Municipal Corporation (SMC) fall in the neighboring
entire North Bengal and Sikkim. Siliguri,
Jalpaiguri district. The southern part of the district
though not a significant tourist attraction itself,
forms a part of SMC.
is the only transportation gateway to Darjiling,
Settlements in Siliguri started with the setting up of tea Dooars, Sikkim, Bhutan and Nepal. Domestic
plantations, and a junction station (in July 1881) for and Foreign tourists provide a major
passengers to board the famous toy train bound for economic support to this city. All road and
Darjeeling. In 1878, Mr. Franklin Prestage (an agent of railway corridor from mainland India to North
the Eastern Bengal Railway Company) first proposed Bengal, The Seven Sisters and neighboring
the laying of a train line from Siliguri to Darjeeling to nations pass through Siliguri. In addition to
the Government of Bengal with a detailed scheme. Sir Tea and Timber, Siliguri is a trade hub for
Ashley Eden, the Lieutenant-Governor, appointed a various goods especially electronic goods. It
committee to examine the project. This committee is a major market place in North Bengal.
found the project to be feasible and reported it would
be of great advantage to the government and public;
the same was accepted in 1879.
Construction started that very year and by 1880, the railway line had reached Tindharia. Later that year,
the line was completed till Kurseong. By July 1881, it was opened for traffic right through to Darjeeling.
The name given to the railway line was "Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Company."
A hundred years ago, in 1907, it was declared a sub-division (Mahakuma) in Darjeeling by the British
administration. The land measurement of the area started in 1891. It was a small village at that time.

Figure 7: Siliguri City Location Map
Source: Maps of India (Image) and CRIS analysis

Siliguri really grew after India’s Independence. First, thousands of refugees poured in from East
Pakistan after Partition, followed by refugees from Assam in the 1960s who lost their home in anti-
Bengali riots there. During this period, there were several wars in which Siliguri took centre stage – the
1962 Indo-China war, the 1965 Indo-Pak war and ultimately the 1971 war with Pakistan culminating in
the creation of Bangladesh. Each event triggered major inflow of refugees to the town.
Siliguri was initially covered with deep forests and inhabited by tigers, leopards, elephants, and a variety
of deer, reptiles and birds. The names of places like Bagdogra and Hatighisha in the region testify to
the same.
2.1 Regional Setting

Siliguri is spread over two districts in West Bengal, viz., Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri. Naxalbari, Jalpaiguri,
Rajgunje, and Malbajar are some important towns near Siliguri. Siliguri is the headquarters of the plains
sub-division of Darjeeling district of West Bengal and is situated 392 feet above mean sea level in the
foothills of the Himalayas on the banks of the river Mahananda. It is located in the Siliguri Corridor, a
narrow strip of land linking mainland India to its north-eastern states. (Refer to Figure 8.) The city is
popularly known as the gateway or the chicken neck of north-east India because its corridor establishes
a connection between the rest of India and the north-eastern states.

Figure 8: Siliguri regional setting
Source: Google (Image) and CRIS analysis
Siliguri connects three international borders (Bangladesh, China, and Nepal). It also connects hill
stations such as Gangtok, Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Kurseong and Mirik and the northeast states with the
rest of India.
Moreover, as a gateway to the wonderful sights of the Himalayan peaks and ranges in Darjeeling,
Siliguri offers important tourist activities that stimulate the economy of the town. During the initial period
of its growth, people also flowed in from the hinterland states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Assam; with
the passing of time, Siliguri town acquired a cosmopolitan character.
Economic linkages
There was also a major influx of business communicates from other parts of India such as Bihar and
Rajasthan, people who came to Siliguri to foster business opportunities latent in the town and eventually
gave it a cosmopolitan character. The place was also a major hub for trading in jute. Jute was purchased
here and stored in godowns before being sent to Kolkata’s jute factories.
Functional linkages
Located in the Siliguri Corridor or Chicken's Neck — a very narrow strip of land linking mainland India
to its north-eastern states – Siliguri is also the transit point for air, road and rail traffic to the neighboring
countries of Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh. It literally serves as doors to these regions, hence the
name Dooars, which is derived from the Sanskrit word dwaar or gate. The town hosts over 6,00,000
domestic and 20,000 foreign visitors annually. It is the commercial nerve centre of North Bengal.
Increasing population demanded facilities for higher education. The Siliguri College was established in
1950, followed by the Siliguri College of Commerce in 1962. In 1981, the Siliguri Women’s College was
set up; subsequently, in 1987, the Kalipada Ghosh Terai Mahavidyalaya was established in Bagdogra
and in 1998, the Surya Sen College was inaugurated.
North Bengal University, the only university in the entire region, was established in 1962 at a place
called Shivmandir near Siliguri. The place was officially renamed as Raja Rammohanpur, but the old

name still persists. Initial classes of the university were held in the Siliguri college campus. The Medical
College and Hospital was established in 1967.
2.2 Administrative Boundaries

Siliguri Municipality was established in 1949 and housed in a wooden construction on Hill Cart Road.
The first chairman of the municipal corporation was the then sub-divisional officer (SDO) Sri. Sachindra
Mohan Guha. On 18th October 1952, the then Governor of Bengal, Sri.Harendrakumar Mukhopadhaya,
laid the foundation stone of Gour Bhawan, the municipality’s present offfice. On 26th January 1960, the
building was inaugurated by Sri.Bireswar Majumdar.
Till 1994, Siliguri Municipality had 30 wards under it. After the declaration of Siliguri Municipal
Corporation in 1994, 17 new wards were added to its jurisdiction. The total area is 41.9 sq. km.
The Siliguri Municipal Corporation caters to two districts – Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri; 14 out of 47 wards
of the Siliguri Municipal Corporation fall in the neighbouring Jalpaiguri district. Siliguri City is situated in
the Siliguri Jalpaiguri Planning Area (SJPA) and the responsibility for planning and development of the
city lies with the Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority (SJPA). The land area under the jurisdiction
of the Siliguri Jalpiguri Planning Area (SJPA) is 1,266.64 sq. km. after the recent inclusion of a portion
of Phansidewa. Six police stations, viz., Siliguri, Matigara, Naxalbari, Jalpaiguri, Bhaktinagar and
Rajganj come under SJPA. The area has been divided into five community development blocks, namely
– Matigara, Naxalbari and Phansidewa in Darjeeling district and Jalpaiguri and Rajganj in Jalpaiguri
District. The Siliguri Agglomeration Area consists of Siliguri Municipal Corporation and four census
towns – Kalkut, Dabgram, Binnaguri and Chakiabhita. Figure 9 shows the administrative boundaries of
the region.
2.3 Location and connectivity

Siliguri is located at 26.71°N and 88.43°E in the foothills of Himalayas. Siliguri can be reached overnight
by both road and train from the state capital Kolkata. It is connected to Kolkata by NH-31 and to the
other cities of West Bengal, Assam and Bihar by road. From Siliguri, the villages and towns in the
Himalayas can be reached by road using private vehicles like jeeps and SUVs. Siliguri is also rail-linked
via the New Jalpaiguri Station and air-linked via Bagdogra Airport to Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai, Bangkok,
and Thimphu/Paru.

Figure 9: Administrative boundaries
Source: Maps of India and CRIS analysis
2.3.1 Road
The Tenzing Norgay Central Bus Terminus situated next to the North Bengal State Transport
Corporation (NBSTC) bus stop is a major stop for most private and state-owned buses in the region.
The Royal Government of Bhutan also operates buses from Siliguri to its border town Phuentsholing.

Air-conditioned sleeper coach bus service is available from Siliguri

to Kolkata, Patna and Assam. Jeeps also link Siliguri to the neighboring hill towns
of Darjeeling, Gangtok, Kurseong, Kalimpong, Mirik, Jorethang, Namchi, etc.
The Sikkim Government buses reach various destinations of Sikkim from the Sikkim Nationalized
Transport (SNT) bus station near the Tenzing Norgay Bus Terminus. There is another bus terminus
named P.C. Mittal Bus Stand at Sevoke Road. All buses heading for the Terai and Dooars region start
from here. Siliguri lies on Asian Highway 2. Figure 10 shows the road connectivity of Siliguri.
Figure 10: Siliguri city road connectivity with surrounding region

2.3.2 Rail
Siliguri has three railway stations:
 Siliguri Town – The oldest station in Siliguri opened on 23 August 1880 during the British Raj.
This station served as the terminus for trains coming from Kolkata and the starting point for the
world-famous Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, built to transport passengers to Darjeeling. This
station has historical value; many famous visitors to Darjeeling accessed North Bengal via this
route. This station is situated in the heart of the city. Since it generates almost no traffic today,
a need to shift this station and lines, to free valuable land is felt, but the feasibility of the proposal
is being debated.
 Siliguri Junction – This station was opened in 1949 and used to be the point of departure of
all trains to the north-eastern states, until the broad gauge was extended to New Bongaigaon.
Siliguri Junction is the only station in India with tracks of all three gauges (broad, meter and
narrow) used in India.
 New Jalpaiguri, Siliguri Station or commonly called NJP – This station was opened in 1964
as a greenfield project, 2.5 km south of Hasmi Chowk. Initially named New Siliguri (but later
renamed New Jalpaiguri as it is located in Jalpaiguri District), this is now the most important
station in the region. This station connects Siliguri to most stations in India by railway. The
Darjeeling Himalayan toy train is the main attraction of this station. It is the largest railway
station in the entire north-east with a wide parking area.
There are a few more railway stations in the urban agglomeration:
 Bagdogra, Siliguri – With the extension of the broad-gauge railway track to Siliguri Junction
Station, people can now travel directly to the heart of the city without having to alight at New
Jalpaiguri. This new broad-gauge track extends to the old Dooars metre-gauge track up
to Alipurduar and beyond.
 Naxalbari, Siliguri – It is situated at further western part of greater Siliguri city, in the heart of
Naxalbari. The railway station has strategic importance as it facilitates not only the people of
Naxalbari and Panitanki to connect with other parts of the country but also enables the people
of Nepal (of places like Kakarvita, Dhulabari, and Bittamore) to utilize the railway station as a
means of communication with the rest of India. The station is to be revved up with a
computerized railway ticket reservation center soon. The new broad gauge track that passes
from Siliguri Junction to Aluabari Road (Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur) through Bagdora, Naxalbari,
and Thakurganj (Bihar) provides an impetus to travel and trade in this part of the country.
2.3.3 Air
Bagdogra International Airport, Siliguri, situated about 15 km from the city, is the only airport in the
region. The airport is connected to Bengaluru, Chandigarh, New Delhi, Kolkata, Guwahati,
Mumbai, Chennai, Bangkok (Thailand) and Paro (Bhutan). Bagdogra airport is a customs/army airport.
2.4 Defining the study area

As mentioned, Siliguri Municipal Corporation covers both the Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts – an
area of 41.9 sq. km. Its area boundaries are well-defined and this has been taken as the study area.

2.5 Physical Setting
2.5.1 Topography and Geology

The northern part of North Bengal is largely made up of glacial and fluvio-glacial deposits of the
Quaternary period, while most of the southern part consists of pleistocene to recent flood plain deposits.
Darjeeling is the northern-most district of West Bengal occupying an area of 3,149 sq. km. It consists
of a portion of the outlying hills of the lower Himalayas and a stretch of land along their base, known as
Terai. The hills rise abruptly from the plains and the elevation increases northward. The mean elevation
of Terai is 91.44 m above sea level. The southern part of the district forms a part of SMC. Teesta,
Jaldhaka, Rangit and Mahananda together with their tributaries, drain the entire segment of Darjeeling
district. Soil in Darjeeling district varies depending on the location and altitude. To the east of river
Teesta, it is sandy.
Figure 11: Siliguri Topography
Source: City Development Strategy for Siliguri, 2011

2.5.2 Climatic Parameters

Siliguri has humid subtropical climate that is characterised by hot, humid summers and generally mild
winters.
As Siliguri lies in the shadows of the Himalayas, it is cooler than the central and southern regions of
West Bengal. The average temperature in summer rarely exceeds 35°C. It is the hottest from May to
mid-June, the average temperature being 28°C. Winters in Siliguri, stretching from December to
February, are relatively cool with temperatures ranging between 3°C and 15°C. From mid-December to
early January, the temperature drops down to 8-10º C. Another feature of the winter of Siliguri is dense
fog with light rain. The climate of Siliguri favours tea and timber, and induces tourists.
Figure 12: Annual temperature variation of Siliguri (2012)
35 32.5 31.8 31.2 31 31.4 31.3 30.4

29.9 28.3
TEMPARATURE (°C DEGREES)
30 26 24.7 24.7 25.5

23.6 22.8 24.1 24
25 19.9 20.9
20 15.8 15
15 11.8 10.9 Min
9.7
10 Max
5
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
MONTH
Source: Detailed project report on sewerage works, SJDA, 2013
The monsoon season in Siliguri starts from mid-June and extends to September with large variations
in rainfall. Due to its location at the foothills of the Himalayas, Siliguri’s annual rainfall (ranging from
1,800 mm to 4,000 mm) is higher than the West Bengal average. The rains are heaviest in July and
August; intense rainfall up to 200 mm per day has been recorded in these periods in the past.
Figure 13: Annual rainfall graph (2012)
600 540
500
400 321 339 315
Rain fall (mm)
300
171
200
75 54
100 3 24 24 15 12
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Source: Detailed project report on sewerage works, SJDA, 2013
Maximum relative humidity in Siliguri ranges from 47–53% and minimum relative humidity 29–31%. The
humidity levels are higher in the region from May to mid-June. The city experiences winds
predominantly from the east and the north-east directions.

2.5.3 Water Resources

North Bengal is known for its rivers and forests. The lush green forests of north-east start from this
region. The foothills of the Himalayas are riddled with numerous rivers and their tributaries.
2.5.3.1 Surface water

Siliguri is situated on the banks of River Mahananda and River Balason; their confluence is located at
the south-southwest border of the city. River Mahananda is the main source of surface water. To the
east of Siliguri, about an hour’s drive away stands the Gajol Doba reservoir, which was formed by the
first Teesta Barrage. The reservoir is located in Baikanthapur forest, a haven for migratory birds; the
reservoir is being considered to serve as a new water source for Siliguri.
2.5.3.2 Ground water scenario

Ground water is the second major source of water for the city. With a spurt in the city’s population, this
resource is being exploited.
Ground water containing arsenic is a common problem in West Bengal. According to The Geological
Survey of India’s findings (2008), arsenic is present in the ground water of the Siliguri–Jalpaiguri area
of West Bengal. This is the place where the Teesta River descends from the Himalayas to meet the
alluvial plain. The area represents alluvial fan and floodplains of Teesta, Mahananda-Balasan,
Jaladhaka and its tributaries. In the river sediment samples, para and ferro-magnetic minerals with 0.3–
0.05 mm fractions contain 9–80 ppm of arsenic. The study indicates that iron-bearing minerals, viz.,
biotite, hornblende as well as iron-coated grains of the sediment majorly contribute to the arsenic
component. Though magnetite as a mineral shows maximum arsenic content (22 ppm), it is
volumetrically not of much significance. Measurement of ground water collected from tube wells betrays
up to 0.05 ppm of arsenic. These arsenic-contaminated tube wells occur in a linear fashion along the
course of the rivers. Moreover, localization of contaminated tube wells coincides with the change of
channel gradient as observed in longitudinal section. The study traces a cause–effect relationship of
arsenic occurrence with river gradient and fluvial sedimentation.
2.5.4 Forest resources, flora and fauna

The most valuable resource of Siliguri is the forest surrounding it. This area was home to tigers,
leopards, elephants, rhinoceros and a variety of deer, reptiles and birds. Tea plantations have
encroached on most of the forest cover, followed by cultivation. Still there are many forests in the
vicinity; the main ones are mapped below.
Baikunthapur forest – This is situated immediately to the north and north-east of Siliguri and is
ecologically very important. It is home to elephants. The Gajoldoba reservoir located within this forest
is used by many water birds from Ladakh and Central Asia like little grebe, great crested grebe, bar-
headed goose, greylag goose, lesser whistling duck, ruddy shelduck, common shelduck, cotton teal,
tufted duck, common teal, eurasian wigeon, spot-billed duck, mallard, great cormorant, indian
cormorant, little cormorant, indian pond heron, grey heron, purple heron, northern lapwing, river
lapwing, grey-headed lapwing and little ringed plover.
Mahananda reserve forest – The Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary or Reserve is located 8 km north
from the city of Siliguri in the Sukna forest range. It is a vast stretch of wilderness with thick foliage
stretching along the tributary of the Mahananda River, called the Panchanoi River. The Mahananda
Wildlife Sanctuary is a natural habitat of many varieties of wildlife fauna and flora. The foliage includes
thick woody trees and dense bushes; among animals figure rare mountain goats, chetals, barking dear,
fishing cats, sambars, tigers, elephants and the Indian bison.

3. Demographic profile
This chapter presents a detailed overview of the demographic profile of the city and its overall position
with reference to the state and district. It also describes population growth trends, spatial distribution
and other demographic characteristics of the city. In addition to that, based on the past trends and
potential of the city, the future population has been estimated through various scientific methods.
3.1 Background
As per Census 2011, the population of West Bengal was about 9.13 crores. This contributes to 7.55 %
of the country's total population; the population was spread over an area of 88,752 sq. km. The state is
administratively divided into 19 districts. Decadal population growth percentage between 2001 and
2011 was 13.93 %.
3.2 Population and urbanization

As per details from Census 2011, West Bengal has a population of 9.13 crores, which marks an increase
from the figure of 8.02 crores in 2001 census. The total population of West Bengal as per the 2011
Census is 91,276,115 of which males and females number 46,809,027 and 44,467,088 respectively. In
2001, the total population was 80,176,197 among which males were 41,465,985 and females
38,710,212. The total population growth in this decade was 13.84 percent while in the previous decade
it was 17.84 percent. The population of West Bengal formed 7.54 percent of India in 2011. In 2001, the
figure was 7.79 percent.
Of the total population of West Bengal, around 31.87 percent live in urban areas. In actual numbers,
males and females were 1,49,64,082 and 1,41,28,920 respectively. The total population of the urban
areas of West Bengal state was 2,90,93,002. The population growth rate recorded for this decade
(2001-2011) was 29.72% in the urban areas. (Refer Figure 14).
Figure 14: Rural-Urban Population in West Bengal, 2011
Rural-Urban Population in West Bengal, 2011
32%
Rural Population
68% Urban Population
Source: Census of India, 2011

3.3 Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts

West Bengal has 31.87% of its population living in urban areas. These urban areas are spread across
19 districts of the state. Siliguri city falls in the Darjeeling as well as in the Jalpaiguri districts. Siliguri
Municipal Corporation has 47 wards; of these, 33 wards fall under the Darjeeling District and 14 wards
under the Jalpaiguri District.
3.3.1 Darjeeling district

Darjeeling district is the northernmost district of the state of West Bengal in eastern India, located in the
foothills of the Himalayas. The district is famous for its beautiful hills and Darjeeling tea. Darjeeling is
the district headquarters. Kalimpong, Kurseong and Siliguri, three other major towns in the district, are
the sub-divisional headquarters of the district. Mirik, another town of the district, has been developed
as a lake resort since the late 1970s. Geographically, the district can be divided into two broad divisions,
the hills and the plains.
As of 2011, it is the second-least populous district of West Bengal (out of 19), after Dakshin Dinajpur.
According to the 2011 Census, Darjeeling district has a population of 1,842,034. This gives it a ranking
of 257th in India (out of a total of 640. The district has a population density of 585 inhabitants per square
kilometer (1,520 /sq. m). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 14.47%. Darjeeling
has a sex ratio of 971 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 79.92%. Darjeeling has 2.5%
of its population living in urban areas.
Table 2: Darjeeling district demographic description
Description 2001 2011

Population 1,609,172 1,842,034
Male 830,644 934,796
Female 778,528 907,238
Population Growth 23.79% 14.47%
Area sq. km 3,149 3,149
Density/sq.km 511 585
Proportion to West Bengal population 2.01% 2.02%

Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 937 971
Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) 962 943
Average Literacy 71.79 79.92
Male Literacy 80.05 85.94
Female Literacy 62.94 73.74
Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 204,643 180,170
Male Population (0-6 Age) 104,324 92,728
Female Population (0-6 Age) 100,319 87,442

Literates 1,008,288 1,328,218
Male Literates 581,420 723,711
Female Literates 426,868 604,507
Child Proportion (0-6 Age) 12.72% 9.78%


Boys Proportion (0-6 Age) 12.56% 9.92%
Girls Proportion (0-6 Age) 12.89% 9.64%
Source: Census 2001 & 2011

Darjeeling district has 2.02% of total West Bengal’s population. It is the second-least populated district
of the state after Dakshin Dinajpur which has a population of 16.76 lakh and which constitutes 1.84%
of the total population of the West Bengal state. North Twenty-Four Parganas and South Twenty-Four
Parganas are the most populated districts of the state.
The urban population of the Darjeeling district is 7.27 lakhs which is 39.41% of the total population of
the district and 2.5% of the total urban population of the state.
The district comprises four subdivisions: Darjeeling Sadar, Kalimpong, Kurseong and Siliguri. Darjeeling
is the district headquarters. There are 17 police stations, 12 community development blocks, 4
municipalities, one Municipal Corporation and 134 gram panchayats in this district. Darjeeling and
Kalimpong contain one municipality each and Kurseong has two. Siliguri has a municipal corporation
instead. In all, there are 9 urban units, 4 municipalities, 1 municipal corporation and 4 census towns.
In the Siliguri sub-division, there are the:
 Siliguri Municipal Corporation (Area under Darjeeling District)

 Matigara (Community Development Block) consists of rural areas within 5 Gram Panchayats
and one Census town: Bairatisal
 Naxalbari (Community Development Block) consists of rural area within 6 Gram Panchayats
and one Census town: Uttar Bagdogra.
 Phansidewa (Community Development Block) consists of rural area within 7 gram panchayats.
 Kharibari (Community Development Block) consists of rural areas within 4 gram panchayats.
3.3.2 Jalpaiguri district

The district situated in the northern part of West Bengal has international borders with Bhutan and
Bangladesh in the north and south respectively and borders with Assam and Darjeeling hills in the east,
west and northwest. The entire topography is crisscrossed with rivulets, rivers and hills. The district is
primarily rural with more than 80% rural population. It has also a high percentage of SC/ST population.
A relatively sizeable population resides in the tea gardens and forest villages which are isolated and
mostly inaccessible. The district is the gateway to the entire north-eastern states and Bhutan and has
a high percentage of migrated population of different cultural groups.
As of 2011, it is the 12th most populous district of West Bengal (out of 19), after Maldah. According to
Census 2011, Jalpaguri district has a population of 38,72,846. This gives it a ranking of 66th in India
(out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 622 inhabitants per square kilometer.
Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.87% Darjeeling has a sex ratio of
953 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 79.95%. Jalpaiguri has 27.37% urban
population from the total population of the district. A brief on Jalpaiguri district is given in table below.

Table 3: Jalpaiguri district demographic description

Population 3,401,173 3,872,846
Male 1,751,145 1,983,064
Female 1,650,028 1,889,782
Population Growth 21.45% 13.87%
Area Sq. Km 6,227 6,227
Density/sq.km 546 622
Proportion to West Bengal Population 4.24% 4.24%
Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 942 953

Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) 969 955
Average Literacy 62.85 73.25
Male Literacy 72.83 79.95
Female Literacy 52.21 66.23
Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 521,287 461,700
Male Population (0-6 Age) 264,706 236,117
Female Population (0-6 Age) 256,581 225,583
Literates 1,810,083 2,498,780

Male Literates 1,082,575 1,396,622
Female Literates 727,508 1,102,158
Child Proportion (0-6 Age) 15.33% 11.92%
Boys Proportion (0-6 Age) 15.12% 11.91%
Girls Proportion (0-6 Age) 15.55% 11.94%

Jalpaiguri district has 4.24% of total West Bengal’s population. It is the 12th most populated district of
the state after Maldah which has a population of 39.88 lakh, which is 4.37% of the total population of
the West Bengal state. North Twenty-Four Parganas and South Twenty-Four Parganas are the most
populated districts of the state.
The urban population of Darjeeling district is 38.72 lakhs which is 27.37% of the total population of the
district and 3.64% of the total urban population of the state (Refer to Table 4).
Table 4: Total Urban Population of Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling Districts
Population Population
S.No. Area Percentage Percentage
(Million) (Million)
1 West Bengal 91.28 100% 29.09 31.87%
2 Jalpaiguri District 3.87 4.24% 1.06 27.37%
3 Darjeeling District 1.85 2.02% 0.73 39.42%
Source: Census 2011

3.3.3 Siliguri city

Siliguri is one of the urban centre’s and a fast-growing cities. According to Census 2011, the city had a
population of 5.13 lakhs. Out of 47 wards, Siliguri has 14 wards in Jalpaiguri district and the remaining
33 wards in the Darjeeling district. The SMC population which falls in the Darjeeling district accounted
for 0.32% of the total state’s population and SMC population which falls in the Jalpaiguri district
accounted for 0.24% of the total state’s population. SMC population which falls in the Darjeeling district,
accounts for 15.93% of the total Darjeeling population and SMC population which falls in the Jalpaiguri
district accounts for 5.53% of total Jalpaiguri’s population. SMC’s population accounts for 1.01% of the
urban population of the state in Darjeeling district and 0.75% of the urban population in Jalpaiguri
district. The comparison of Siliguri city’s population is given in Table 5.
Table 5: Comparative population of Siliguri city
Population (In Lakhs) % of Urban Urban Total

Indicator Population w.r.t. population population
Total Rural Urban Total Population comparison comparison
West Bengal State 912.8 621.8 290.9 31.9% 1.0% 0.3%
Darjeeling District 18.5 11.2 7.3 39.4% 40.4% 15.9%
Siliguri City in
2.9 - 2.9 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Darjeeling District
West Bengal State 912.8 621.8 290.9 31.9% 0.8% 0.2%
Jalpaiguri District 38.7 28.1 10.6 27.4% 20.6% 5.6%
Siliguri City in
2.2 - 2.2 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Jalpaiguri District
Source: Census 2011
3.4 Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Population

The city has a considerable Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) population. As per Census
2011, the SC and ST population accounted for 12% and 1% of the total population respectively.
Table 6: SC and ST Population
Category/ Population (2011)

SC 63,759
ST 6,140
3.5 Migration
One of the major factors of high growth rate of population in SMC area is high in- migration. Social
disturbances in neighbouring countries (Bangladesh and Nepal), neighbouring states (Assam), and
better economic opportunities in Siliguri are the main causes of in-migration.
3.6 Population Growth Trend

Siliguri was a tiny village of less than 800 population in 1901 and received its recognition as a municipal
town with a population of 32,480 with an area of 15.54 sq.km in 1951. The original town was the areas
known as Hakim Para near the Siliguri town railway station; it started expanding towards north and
north east towards Ashram Para. The town showed its vital potentiality as it grew as a centre port for

the trade between India, Sikkim, Bhutan, Nepal and Tibet. Assam rail link in 1950’s made this town a
gateway to North-East India. The NH-31 and other road networks ushered a new era in the transport
horizon in the entire North-East India.
Table 7: Population growth trends
Decadal
Census Decadal Area,
Population Growth Remarks
Year Change sq.km'
Rate
1971 97,000 Influx of migrants in the city.
Municipality made into Municipal
1981 153,825 56,825 58.58% 15.4
Corporation in 1994 by adding
1991 216,950 63,125 41.04% 15.4 peripheral areas.
Up-gradation from municipality to
2001 472,374 255,424 117.73% 41.9 corporation – inclusion of peripheral
areas
Future growth is subjected to
supportive infrastructure for
economic activities. City is rapidly
developing in terms of economic
2011 513,264 40,890 8.66% 41.9
activities. However, the residential
population is slowly moving towards
outskirts of the city (outside
municipal boundary)
Source: Siliguri Draft Development Plan (2008), Census-2011

The growth of the town received momentum just after independence of India with immigrants from
Nepal, Southern Bhutan and adjacent Indian states apart from eastern Bengal. There was also major
influx of business communities from other parts of the country. After 1981, some important State
Government offices have been established in Siliguri. The sudden increase in population in 2001 is
attributed to the formation of Siliguri Municipal Corporation in 1994 and addition of 17 wards within the
corporation limits. This is due to intra city migration from core city to peripheral areas. During the last
decade (2001-11) the town recorded a net population increase of forty one thousand persons. The
population trends in Siliguri are depicted in Figure 15.
Figure 15: Population trends in Siliguri
600,000
500,000 513,264
472,374
400,000
Population
300,000
200,000 216,950
153,825
100,000 97,000
0
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Source: Census of India

Figure 16: Siliguri population decadal growth rate
6.0 1.4
5.1
population (figures in lakhs)
5.0 4.7 1.2
118% 1
Growth rate (%)

4.0
0.8
3.0
59% 2.2 0.6
2.0 1.5
41% 0.4
1.0
1.0 0.2
9%
0.0 0
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population Decadal growth rate

As depicted in Figure 16, the city has experienced very high growth rate during different times in the
past due to various externalities (mainly expansion of administrative area). The significant growth
necessitated the formation of Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority (SJDA) as a nodal agency for
the development of the areas including the towns of Siliguri, Jalpaiguri and Naxalbari within the Siliguri
Jalpaiguri Planning Area (SJPA).
3.7 Population density

Population density has grown from 6,331 persons per sq. km in 1971 to 14,088 persons per sq. km in
1991. In the subsequent decade, population density has decreased to 11,274 persons per sq.km. This
was due to expansion of SMC’s limits to 41.9 sq. km and further the city’s elevation to the level of a
corporation. The population density trend in past few years is depicted in Figure 17.
As per URDPFI guidelines, medium size cities densities may vary between 100 and 150 persons per
hectare. As per census 2011, Siliguri city having around 106 persons/ha, which shows the scope for
further densification in the city.

Figure 17: Density in Siliguri
16000 14088
Population Density (Persons/
14000 12250
11274
12000 9989
10000
Sq.km)
8000 6331
6000
4000
2000
0
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Table 8: Average population density in Siliguri
Parameter Siliguri URDPFI Guidelines
Density 106 persons/Ha 100-150 persons/Ha, (Medium size towns)
Source: Census of India, URDPFI Guidelines, 2014
3.8 Population Distribution

Subsequent to the conversion to Municipal Corporation in 1994, many of the original wards have
decongested (wards 9-12 and 17) and wards in added areas have seen population increase in range
of 75% to 270%. Population of 10 wards was above 100%. The decongestion of older wards has
continued whereas the population increase in the added areas grew in the decade of 2001-2011.
Hence, the decadal population growth has reduced from 47.5% in 1991-2001 to 7.8% in 2001-2011. As
depicted in Figure 18 the areas surrounding NJP station and Hill Cart Road continue to be most
congested parts of the city. The ward wise population details are presented in Annex-8.
Figure 18: Ward wise population
Population, ward wise

4
2001 2011* (census website, ward level)
Population, no. x 10000
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47
Ward no.

Source: Census of India, 2001 & 2011
As indicated in the Figure 19, ward numbers 29, 18 and 5 are the densest wards in the city. These
wards have reported density between 4,022 to 36,907 persons per sq.km. Further, 29 ward has highest
density of 36,907 persons per s q.km. Further, it has been observed that within the city there has been
internal movement from the core city to peripheral areas due to congestion in core city. Hence, wards
in the core city experienced a negative population growth in the last decade.
Figure 19: Ward wise density, 2011
40000
35000
Population Density
(persons/sq.km)
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47

Further, population density is highest in the core area and is comparatively higher along the main arterial
roads.
3.9 Average household size

Siliguri has witnessed a constant increase in the total number of household during the past four
decades. In 1991, Siliguri had 0.42 Lakh households which increased to 0.98 Lakh household in 2001.
During 2001-2011 Siliguri saw an increase in 0.18 lakh households and at present there are 1.16 lakh
household in Siliguri. The huge leap in the number of household is primarily due to the increased
Municipal Wards in the Siliguri municipal corporation limits.
Household size in SMC is 1.16 lakh as per 2011 census which is almost 0.58% the state figure of 200.67
lakh.

Figure 20: Number of Households
140000
115957
120000
98202
No. of households
100000
80000
60000
42700
40000
20000
0
1991 2001 2011

The average household size during the year 1991 was 5.08. During the year 2001 an increase in the
household size was noticed. The average household size in 2001 was 4.81 which reduced to 4.43 in
2011 as indicated in the table below
Table 9: Number of Household and Average Household size
Number of Households in Average Household Size in

Year
Siliguri (Lakhs) Siliguri
1991 0.42 5.08
2001 0.98 4.81
2011 1.15 4.43
3.10 Literacy rate

As per Census 2011, the literacy rate of the Siliguri urban area stands at 79%; male literates are about
88.82%, whereas female literacy is about 81.94% of the female population. It is observed that literacy
rate has increased from 2001 to 2011. In the year 2001, the literacy rate has increased to 3.37% as
compared to previous year. In 1991 the literacy rate of the SMC was 74.23 % which has increased to
77.6%. The male and female literate shows increasing trend. As depicted in the Table 10 the literacy
rate of the region is slightly above the state and national level.
Table 10: Literacy rate
Parameter/Year Literacy rate (Population with person of age 7 and above)

SMC West Bengal India
Total Population
2001 77.6 % 68.6 % 65.3 %
2011 78.5 % 76.2 % 74.0 %
Male Population
2001 82.6% 77.5 % 75.8 %
2011 88.2 % 81.6% 82.1 %
Female Population
2001 71.8 % 59.6 % 54.1 %
2011 81.9 % 66.5 % 65.4 %

Source: Census 2001, 2011.
3.11 Sex ratio

As per Census 2011, the sex ratio in Siliguri is 946 females per 1000 males, whereas at the state level,
the ratio is about 963 respectively. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports
of Census 2011 Directorate. The absolute numbers for sex ratio during 2001 and 2011 for Siliguri city,
state and national level are presented in the Table 11. There is no improvement in Siliguri city sex ratio.
Table 11: Sex ratio
Parameter/Year SMC West Bengal India

2001 946 964 943
2011 946 950 933
As indicated in table above, the sex ratio of SMC is higher than the national average. This could be
attributed to the role of SMC in spreading awareness among the citizens to prevent prenatal sex
determination of foetus. This enables to maintain a healthy sex ratio in the city.
3.12 Key Observations

 The decade during 1991-01 has witnessed the maximum population growth, due to expansion
of jurisdiction from 15.4 sq.km to 41.9 sq.km;
 Population growth during 2001-11 is nominal, where most of the residential development
happened in peripheral areas of SMC, where SJDA had identified areas for residential use.
 The areas surrounding NJP station and Hill Cart Road are the most congested parts of the city
with a density of about 0.36 lakh persons per Km.
 The gross density in the city is about 106 persons per hectare which indicates scope for
densification in the city. As per URDPFI guidelines the density can go up to 150 persons per
hectare.
 A health sex ratio is being maintained in the city which is partly attributed to the awareness
campaigns initiated by SMC to protect the girl child.
 The city is the gateway to northeast and in view of the intrinsic economic potential holds
significant position in the region. Improving the basic services and creation of economic facility
will certainly boost the population growth in the city.
3.13 Population Projection

The population projections would play a vital role in the assessment of future needs for the city. The
projected population would assist in estimating the demand for water supply, sewerage, solid waste
management and social infrastructure facilities such as schools, hospitals and parks in the ensuing
years. In addition, the population projections have been carried out for the study area for the next 30
years using various methods. The following sections would describe the method adopted for population
projections and recommended population projections for the study area.
3.13.1 Basic considerations for population projections

While adopting the population for the next three decades, the following factors were considered which
would influence the city’s future growth:

 Urbanization trends in the district and the city;

 Recent residential development at North and North-West part of the city;
 Huge scope to accommodate the future population since the density is on the lower side
(especially northern part of the city);
 The state level economic policies favor the growth of service sector which would attract in
migration to the city (trade and commerce, new infrastructure development, etc.).
3.13.2 Methodology adopted for estimation of population

In order to estimate the population for the next 30 years, initially the population projections finalized in
DPR of sewage work project and draft development plan were reviewed. The review indicates that the
projected population in the sewage work project was more or less the same. However, the population
projections in the draft development plan were on the lower side compared to projections estimated in
other study. The trends in population projections in various studies have been provided in the Figure
21 below.
Figure 21: Population projection in various studies
1600000
1400000
1200000
Population
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
2021 2031 2047
DDP, Siliguri Sewage Work DPR, 2013
Source: DDP Siliguri, Sewage works DPR-2013

The appropriate method for population projection is adopted to estimate the demand gap analysis for
the horizon years, i.e., 2021, 2031 and 2041. Based on this, the infrastructure requirement in water
supply, sewerage and sanitation, solid waste management, storm water drainage, traffic and
transportation and other amenities is forecasted.
Further, based on the population trends during the past four decades, CRISIL has projected the
population for the study area using the following methods:
 Arithmetic;
 Geometric;
 Incremental increase;
 Exponential;
 Power;
 Log;
 Polynomial 2nd order; and
 Polynomial 3rd order.
It can be observed from the chart below that the projected population through arithmetic, power and log
methods are on the lower side. The Polynomial 3rd order projects the population on a higher side as
compared to the other methods. It is estimated that the population would increase to 34.4 lakhs by the
end of 2041. Similarly, methods such as geometric and exponential projected the population on a
moderately higher side. The population projections under the polynomial 2nd order and incremental
increase are same. It is estimated that the population would increase to 11.3 lakhs by the end of 2041.
The population projections made through various methods for the next three decades have been
presented in the Figure 22 and Table 12 below.
Figure 22: Population projections as per various methods
40
35
30
Population in Lakhs
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5 2021 2031 2041
-10
-15
Polynomial 2nd Order Polynomial 3rd Order
Arthmetic Increase method Incremental Increase method
Geometrical Progression method Exponential Method
Power Method Log Method
Source: CRIS- Analysis
Table 12: Population projection using Various Methods
2021 2031 2041
Polynomial 2nd Order 716534 912261 1131050
Arithmetic Increase method 617205 721146 825087
Incremental Increase method 820622 1331396 2045586
Geometrical Progression method 838342 1369309 2236567

Exponential Method 1417179 2210168 3446876
Power Method 696921 805507 915249
Log Method 556174 592027 623652
Source: CRIS- Analysis

3.13.3 Recommended population projection

The projected population under various methods has been compared with the population projections
finalized in the sewage work DPR project and the draft development plan. The exponential order
projections are slightly on the higher side as compared to the population finalized in the sewage works
DPR.
Based on the above factors, the population trends during the past four decades and the projected
population in various studies and methods, the polynomial 2nd order method was found appropriate. In
the DDP the 2011 scenario was considered as 7.93 lakh but according to the census 2011, it is 5.13
lakhs. As per the polynomial 2nd order method, the population would increase to 9.12 lakhs and 11.31
lakhs in 2031 and 2041, respectively. Further, the results of the various methods were presented during
the 1st city-level stakeholder’s workshop. The results of all the methods were discussed with SMC
officials.
Table 13: Projected population in Siliguri
Year Polynomial 2nd order method Growth rate considered (%)

(population in lakhs)
2021 7.17 39.60
2031 9.12 27.32
2041 11.31 23.98
Source: CRIS Analysis
Figure 23: Historic and projected population trend in Siliguri
12.00 11.31
10.00 9.12
8.00 7.17
6.00 5.13
4.72
4.00
2.17
1.54
2.00 0.97
0.00
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 2031 2041
Historic trend Projected trend

Source: Census 1971 – 2011 and CRIS Analysis

4. Economic profile of the city

This chapter presents a detailed assessment of the economic profile of the city such as key economic
drivers of the city, spatial distribution of economic activities, industrial profiles, workforce participation
rate, workers’ classification and a brief on informal sector activity in the city. Further, the key issues with
respect to economic base have been detailed out at the end of the chapter.
4.1 Background
Siliguri is the commercial hub for the entire North Bengal, North-Eastern States and some parts of Bihar.
The market of Siliguri caters to a large hinterland of Dooars, Darjeeling, the entire state of Sikkim, parts
of the Kingdom of Bhutan as well as parts of North-East India. It is the point of location from where the
cargo must be transferred from one carrier to another. Naturally trading has become one of the
traditional mainstays of business in Siliguri. Apart from trading, the three T’s that is, Tea, Tourism and
Timber have accounted for major economic produce.
In 2011, Siliguri witnessed an economic boom in the organized retail, hospitality and real estate
industries due to population growth and its strategic geographical location.
4.2 West Bengal economic profile

The economy of West Bengal, is primarily dependent on agriculture and medium-sized industries,
although services and heavy industries play increasingly significant roles in the economy of the state.
It is one of the most important food-producing states in India, producing nearly 20% of the rice and 33%
of India’s potato yield. As of 2014, West Bengal is India’s sixth-largest economy, and recorded a gross
state domestic product (GSDP) of US$ 114.6 billion in 2012-13. The state’s GSDP expanded at a
compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.6 percent during 2005-133.
It is the second largest tea-growing state in India and accounts for 24 percent of the total tea production
in India. The state’s total annual production of tea is 226.8 million kg (2009)4.
4.2.1 Primary sector

Agriculture accounts for the largest share of the labour force in the State. It contributed around 18.7%
to the state's gross domestic state product (GSDP) in 2009-105. A plurality of the state's population are
peasant farmers. Rice and potato are considered to be the principal food crops of West Bengal. West
Bengal is the largest producer of rice in India with an annual output of around 15 million tonnes, and
the second-largest producer of potatoes in India with an average annual output of 90 million
tonnes. Rice, potato, jute, sugarcane and wheat are the top five crops of the state. Other major food
crops include maize, pulses, oil seeds, wheat, barley, and vegetables. The state supplies nearly 33%
of the potato requirement and 66% of the jute requirements of India. Tea is another important cash
crop. Darjeeling is famous for tea plantations.
3
India Brand Equity Foundation, 2014.
4
Economic Review, Government of West Bengal, 2012-13
5
Economic Review, Government of West Bengal, 2012-13

4.2.2 Secondary sector

State industries are mostly localized in the Kolkata region, the mineral-rich western highlands, and the
Haldia port region. There are up to 10,000 registered factories in the state and the West Bengal state
government has opened Shilpa bandhu, a single window agency to provide investors with all kinds of
assistance in establishing and running industrial units. Kolkata is noted as one of the major centre’s of
industries including the jute industry. There are numerous steel plants in the state apart from the alloy
steel plant at Durgapur. The centre has established a number of industries in the areas of tea,
sugar, chemicals and fertilizers. Natural resources like tea and jute have made West Bengal a major
centre for the jute and tea industries..
4.2.3 Tertiary sector

In West Bengal, the responsiveness of the growth of the services activities to the growth of the
commodity sector (agriculture and allied activities and manufacturing) and to the growth of real income
of the rest of the economy is found to be more than proportional in such sub-sectors as trade, banking
and transport. West Bengal is the first state to declare IT & ITES as 'public utility service' with a view to
boosting up the operations of the 24×7 industry. The declaration has acted as a pointer to the fact that
the state has fastened the seatbelts for a takeoff heading towards the target of being among the top IT
states in the country. As of 2011, the state has 22 formally approved special economic zones (SEZ). Of
these, 17 are related to information technology (IT) or IT-enabled services (ITES).
4.2.4 Economic indices

In terms of net state domestic product (NSDP), West Bengal is the sixth largest economy (2009–2010)
in India, with an NSDP of Rs.3,663 billion, behind Maharashtra (Rs.8,179 billion), Uttar
Pradesh (Rs.4530 billion), Andhra Pradesh (Rs.4268 billion), Tamil Nadu (Rs.4177 billion),
and Gujarat (Rs.3704 billion).
In the period between 2004–2005 and 2009–2010, the average gross state domestic product (GSDP)
growth rate was 13.9% (calculated in Indian rupee terms) which is lower than 15.5%, the average for
all states of the country. In 2009–10, the tertiary sector of the economy (service industries) was the
largest contributor to the gross domestic product of the state, contributing 57.8% of the state’s domestic
product compared to 24% from the primary sector (agriculture, forestry, mining) and 18.2% from the
secondary sector (industrial and manufacturing). At a compounded annual growth rate of 15.2%, the
tertiary sector has been the fastest-growing among the three sectors from 2004–05 to 2009–10. The
growth has been driven by trade, hotels, real estate, finance, insurance, transport, communications and
other services.
4.3 State policies for Siliguri economic development

The State Govt. has announced an industrial and investment policy in 2013. The focus of this
Investment and Industrial Policy is to rapidly build and improve infrastructure, as an enabler for
industrial growth, by additional 4000 km of highway and bridges, ports, airports and water transport in
Public Private Partnership (PPP). The State has a low base of the manufacturing sector, as compared
to the leading states on this front; this policy aims at increasing the growth of manufacturing from 4.7 %
(2010-11) to 20% at the end of five years.
Policy proposed various infrastructure projects in the State to gear up the industrial growth. The policy
proposed few infrastructure projects in and around Siliguri city as follows:
1. Upgrade the Bagdogra customs airport in to International Airport;

2. Development of Urban Haat’ in Siliguri (direct marketing facilities to artisans and weavers);
3. Development of Gajoldoba Tourism Hub, Dooars – Site is 25 kilometers from Siliguri and involves
development of a Mega Eco Tourism Hub with Lake Resort, 3 star/4 star/Budget hotels, Open Air
Theatre, Ayurvedic Spa Village, Arts and Craft Village, Retirement Home, Golf Course, Jungle
Trail, Picnic Gardens, etc. over 208 acres; and
4. 31 km long State Highway linking NH-31 from Siliguri to Jalpaiguri via Falakata to be upgraded to
National Highway.
4.4 Siliguri city economy

Siliguri is a rapidly developing metropolis in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the largest city of North
Bengal, the second-largest city of West Bengal and connects hill stations like Gangtok, Kalimpong,
Kurseong, Mirik and Darjeeling with the rest of India. Siliguri has a large number of trade centres and
readymade markets for consumer goods and is thus home to myriad retailers, wholesalers, dealers,
distributors and small-scale entrepreneurs. It is the commercial nerve centre of North Bengal.
The city’s strategic location makes it a base for essential supplies to the north-east region. Siliguri has
gradually developed as a profitable centre for a variety of businesses. As a central hub, many national
companies and organizations have set up their offices here. Siliguri is the headquarters of the
Federation of Chamber of Commerce and Industry of North Bengal (FOCIN).
Primary Secondary Tertiary
• Not prominent agricultural • Timber/Wood Products • Trade & Commerce

activities within the city. • Engineering, Chemicals, • Tourism
However, few tea estates Electronics, Small & • Real Estate,Hotels
are located north and medium scale • Local Markets
north west part of the city Manufacturing units
(outerside of • IT/ITES
administrative boundary)
Sector-wise economic activities and workforce participation has been presented in the section below.
4.4.1 Primary Sector

Agriculture production is not significant in the Siliguri Municipal Corporation area. However, the
surrounding areas, especially the north and north-western parts of the city, host a few tea estates. The
city mainly depends on its surrounding villages for vegetables and dairy activities.
4.4.1.1 Tea Industry

Siliguri has emerged as the third-most important centre of tea trade in the country. The setting up of the
Siliguri Tea Auction Centre in 1976 for better marketing of local tea products, gave a major fillip to the
tea industry. Both domestic and foreign sales from tea gardens situated in the North-Bengal districts
and Assam are now routed through Siliguri. The tea auction centre has greatly reduced the travel time
of tea growers of North Bengal to market the end product.
Table 14: Tea auction sale at Siliguri Auction centre
Year 1984 1887 1990 1993 1997 1999 2004

Tea leaf sale million kg 72.2 80.6 90.1 75.8 80.2 85.3 103.2
Source: Tea auction centre report, Siliguri, 2010

4.4.2 Secondary sector

Siliguri region is fast emerging as the industrial capital of northern Bengal; small-scale industries
dominate the scene. Within Siliguri, there are 3,725 units which currently employ 24,921 people and
account for 15.76% of the total work force of the SMC area. The leading small-scale industry (SSI)
categories in the region are engineering, chemicals, paper and tea. Six of the 26 tea processing units
in SJDA are located in Siliguri municipality.
A chunk of 21 acres of industrial estate has been developed by West Bengal small scale industries
development corporation (WBSSIDC) in 1981 at 2nd mile location (Sevoke road) in Siliguri. It has around
103 plots which are allocated for different industries. Siliguri Flour Mills Ltd. is one of the prime industries
in this cluster.
Apart from that, the Darjeeling district is one of the largest tea producers in India. West Bengal produces
225,600 metric tonnes of tea 23.14% of the total tea produced in India and has around 307 tea estates.
4.4.2.1 Timber industry

Siliguri has tremendous potential for wood and timber-based industries, the region being rich in these
natural resources. It has a number of West Bengal Forest Development Corporation Ltd. (WBFDCL)
joinery and carpentry units that supply high-quality furniture and joinery items to the public at competitive
prices. Besides, sawn timber is sold to buyers and dealers in bulk from Government saw mills in Siliguri.
WBFDCL is responsible for selling sawn timber like sal, teak, dhupi and jarul at fixed prices to the public
through its retail sales centres in West Bengal including in Siliguri.
4.4.3 Tertiary sector

Trade and commerce play a major role in the local economy of Siliguri city. A considerable number of
small-scale and cottage industries (grill factory, atta mills and steel furniture) are spread over the
municipal area, predominantly in the wards of the Sevoke Road area and Burdwan Road.
The formal service sector also contributes significantly to the local economy within the municipal
corporation. It encompasses academic institutes (schools, colleges and other academic institutions),
automobile repair centres, banks and post offices, health institutions, hotels, retail outlets and trading
centres which are located along transportation corridors like Burdwan Road, Sevoke Road, and other
major local roads. These outlets of the service sector are served by local people. A great number of
outsiders also come from various parts of the districts of Jalpaiguri, Maldah and Uttar Dinajpur.
Employment details of the formal sector are summarised in the table below.
Table 15: Employment details of tertiary sector
No. of
Sector Person Employed
units/shops
Small Scale Industry 750 25,000
Construction Companies 1200 45,000
Bank and Insurance 35 875
Service Sector (Including Nursing homes) 20,000 25000-30000
Source: Draft Development Plan 2008
Table 16: Commercial establishments (trade) in Siliguri
S.No. Category type Approximate no.of Establishments

1 Fish, meat Poultry 384
2 Fruits and vegetables 5,341
3 Groceries and provisions 356
S.No. Category type Approximate no.of Establishments

4 Eating Places 4,314
5 Pan and Cigarettes 3,500
6 Textile and Clothing 2,500
7 Medical 2,000
8 Computer and Electronics 136
9 Electrical 2,135
10 Gifts, books, stationery 754
11 Hardware, building materials 1,211
12 Household merchandise 331
13 Furniture and Interior 157
14 Jewelry 953
15 Optics and watches 478
16 Footwear 1,231
17 Recreation 17
18 Transport 500
19 Service Outlets 5,000
20 Miscellaneous 150
21 Hotels 533
Total 31,981
Source: Socio-economic study, SJDA, 2008
Information Technology
Siliguri is fast emerging as an information technology (IT) hub, an alternative destination for Kolkata, for
info-tech companies. Siliguri already has good infrastructure and modern amenities for people who work
in IT parks. Some major IT companies have already set up base in Siliguri and more will be heading
there soon. The West Bengal Government has set up an IT park in Siliguri recently, to provide bigger
opportunities to IT/ITES companies to start their businesses in Siliguri. However, the IT firms are located
outside the municipal boundaries.
4.4.3.1.1 Malls
A few malls have come up in Siliguri in recent years, signalling growth of modern infrastructure facilities
in the city. The national and international branded goods’ shops in these malls facilitate trading and
commerce. Some of the malls are:
 Cosmos Mall, Sevoke Road, a large and up-scale mall
 City Mall, Sevoke Road
 Orbit Mall, Sevoke Road, includes an INOX movie theatre
 City Center, Uttarayon
4.4.3.2 Tourism Industry

The tourism industry of Siliguri is also flourishing day by day. As part of the tourism infrastructure, a
large number of hotels are being established to cope with the demand of tourists. Tourists are attracted
by the great variety of flora and fauna of Siliguri, its beautiful landscapes, and the magnificent Himalayan
range – Siliguri is fast becoming a preferred destination for domestic and international tourists. The
tourists going to Sikkim also pass through Siliguri and this is important component of the local economy.
In the coming years tourism is expected to further contribute to Siliguri’s development.
4.4.4 Informal Sector

Tourism industry of Siliguri is also flourishing. Tourists are attracted by the great variety of flora and
fauna of Siliguri, its beautiful landscapes, and the magnificent Himalayan range – result, Siliguri is fast

becoming a preferred destination for domestic and international tourists. As part of tourism
infrastructure, a large number of hotels are being established to cope with the demand of tourists.
4.4.5 Informal Sector

Several units of local self-help groups are engaged in making soft toys, envelopes, shola ornaments,
bidis and other handicraft products. A list of various skills found in different zones of the municipality is
furnished in the table below. All these indicate the importance of the various sectors that contribute to
the local economic scenario.
Table 17: Employment Details of Informal Sector
Sl. Average Daily

Sector Persons employed
No. Income (Rs.)
1. Rickshaw puller 10,000 150-200
2. Van pullers 2,000 200-300
3. Auto (Rickshaw) driver 651 200-300
4. Taxi / Car driver 5,325 300-400
5. Mason 15,000 150-200
6 Construction labour 30,000 100-150
7. Hawkers 4,000 150-200
8. Plumber 1,500 150-200
Source: Draft Development Plan 2008, SMC
4.4.5.1 Markets in Siliguri

Commercial establishments in the SMC area number 45,230; of these, 33% are registered and 67%
unregistered and informal in nature. About 8% of the commercial establishments are wholesale shops.
The important commercial centres in SMC are Bidhan market, Nivedita market, Khalpara and
Mahabirstan market.
Most of the economic activities in Siliguri are found in the two streets of Sevoke Road and Hill Cart
Road. Many traditional stores and hotels dot the former street while Sevoke Road flaunts sophisticated
stores and most of the city’s banks.

Figure 24: Major Economic activity areas of Siliguri

Positioned on the West Bengal and north-east border, Siliguri amalgamates the cultures of both places.
The most preferred item in Siliguri is Darjeeling tea; the city is also well-known for its woollen garments,
Tibetan paintings and wooden handicrafts that are sold a-plenty on Hill Cart Road and Sevoke Road.
There is also another famous market for electronic goods, which goes by the name of Hong Kong
Market. Most of the gadgets available are quite cheap and thus allure tourists.
Well-known automobile companies are coming into Siliguri with various showrooms. Some of the
showrooms belong to Mahindra & Mahindra, General Motors, Hyundai, Ford, JCB, Tata, Toyota
Kirloskar, Honda Siel, and Maruti Suzuki. Two-wheeler brands such as Honda Scooters, Bajaj, TVS
Suzuki, Yamaha, Kinetic, Hero Honda, and LML have also clinched their positions in Siliguri’s economy.
Bidhan market is in the heart of Siliguri city, bounded by Bidhan Road, Savoke Road and Hill Cart Road.
Daily market, New Market and the Hong Kong Market are located within the Bidhan Market area. The
Hong Kong Market is popular with locals as well as tourists who visit the city for cheap imported goods,
usually from the Chinese market as well as from places like Nepal and Thailand. There are 550 shops
in Hong Kong Market; these sell foreign goods like electronic items, cosmetics and clothes and employ
as many as 1,500 persons. One peculiarity of the shops is that they have an average area of 2.0 sq.m.
Table 18: Prominent Markets in Siliguri and Work flow
Number of
Category of
S.No. Market Name Major Goods/articles Vendors
Vendors
(Approx.)
watches, cosmetics, electronic
Hong Kong
1 goods, eateries, food courts, Stationary 550
Market
materials for women, bags,etc.
Dress material for women, artwork,
The Seth Srilal
2 handcrafted products and bags, Stationary 400
market,
eateries, food courts
Source: Discussion with local vendors and SMC officials
Hong Kong Market deals especially in imported goods which are brought usually from Chinese market
as well as from places like Nepal, Thailand, etc. Seth Srilal Market is another busy shopping area in the
centre of the city, which gives tourists good deals and has also gained a name for selling momos.
Other than important commercial establishments, the city region shows vibrant trading. Informal trade
contributes greatly to the city’s economy. Hence, one cannot overlook the importance of informal
economy in the city. The migrant population living in slums is mainly engaged in the informal sector and
comprise rickshaw-pullers, vendors, and daily wage labourers. There are also small-scale shops in the
markets of the city which sell some timber and bamboo handicrafts.
4.4.6 Informal commercial activity

Street vending is an indispensable economic activity in urban India. It is the largest informal sector
which caters to the livelihood of the urban poor. Since the era of economic reforms in the country, the
sector has faced many challenges. Street vendors count for about two percent of India’s population and
provide affordable as well as convenient services to a majority of the urban population.
Report on Conditions of Work and Promotion of Livelihoods in the Unorganized Sector, 2007 of the
National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector (NCEUS), suggests that vendors’
earnings are very low although they vary from trade to trade and from location to location. Men’s
average daily income is around Rs. 70 in most cities and women earn considerably less – Rs. 40 per
day.

Articles 39 (a) of the Constitution clearly mention that the State shall in particular direct its policy so
that: (a) citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood. To
improve the condition of urban street vendors, the Government of India made numerous legislative
attempts starting from the regulation of hawker trade in Bombay Municipal Corporation in 1980 to the
promulgation of The Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act,
2014.
Of the major attempts made, The National Policy on Urban Street Vendors, 20096 was a comprehensive
attempt that promoted spatial, legal and participative means to improve the conditions of urban street
vendors. According to this policy, a street vendor is defined as 'a person who offers goods or services
for sale to the public in a street without having a permanent built-up structure.' The policy was somewhat
similar to its predecessor and elicited feeble responses from states; to overcome the shortcomings of
this policy, a draft bill entitled Model Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street
Vending) Bill, 2009 was introduced. However, the Bill was critiqued to have ignored many pressing
issues. The foremost problem that it overlooked was the issue of natural markets which sprang up in
places where consumers found them useful. Further, it ignored the vending rights of those who were
already selling on the street. Still the policy was somewhat able to recognize certain issues related to
street vendors and has provided certain powers to ULBs to regulate, monitor and promote street
vendors in towns/cities.
The policy recognized and explicated the positive role of street vendors in providing essential
commodities to people at affordable prices and at convenient places. It also recognized the need for
regulation of street vending by way of designated restriction-free vending, restricted vending and no-
vending zones based on certain objective principles. Overall the policy meant to foster a congenial
environment for urban street vendors to carry out their vocation and at the same time ensure that this
did not lead to overcrowding or unsanitary conditions in public spaces and streets.
4.4.7 Specific norms for urban local bodies

I. Spatial planning norms - Demarcation of vending zones
 The demarcation of hawking zones should be city/town specific. The master plans, zonal plans
etc. should take into account the natural propensity of street vendors to locate in certain places
at certain times in response to patterns of demand for their goods/services.
 City authorities should provide sufficient spaces and designate these as vendors’ markets in
layout plans, at locations of natural markets. They should permit mobile vending in all areas
even outside the designated markets, unless designated as no-vending zones, through a
participatory process.
 Designation of vendors’ markets / no-vending zones should not be left to the sole discretion of
any civic or police authority but must be accomplished via a participatory process by a town
vending committee (which for large towns / cities may be constituted on the basis of wards)
whose membership may be as follows: municipal authority, traffic and local police, public land-
owning authority, associations, representatives from associations of street vendors, and
representatives from lead nationalized banks / commercial banks.
6
In 2004, the National Urban Street Vendors Policy (NSVP) was announced. It was the first national level regulatory framework
on street vending which was left to the States to adopt and implement. In 2009, the NSVP was revised and the Central governme nt
presented a Model Draft Bill on the subject. The States and Union Territories were to implement the National Policy for Urban
Street Vendors of 2004, taking into account this Model Bill. However, it received a feeble response from the States and soon
demands were made for a mandatory central legislation on the subject. (National University of Juridical Sciences, 2012)

II. Quantitative norms – These refer to norms on amount of space and facilities to be provided for
vendors’ markets by civic authorities. At the town / city level, enough space should be designated for
vendors’ markets at least to the extent of 2–2.5% of the total city population. The facilities that are
required to be provided at the vendor markets invariably include solid waste disposal facilities, public
toilets to maintain cleanliness7, aesthetic design of mobile stalls/ push carts, electricity and drinking
water facilities, covers to protect vendors’ wares as well as themselves from heat, rain and dust, and
storage facilities including cold storage.
III. Regulatory process: The policy stresses on a system of registration of hawkers and non-
discretionary regulation of access to public spaces in accordance with the planning standards and
nature of trade/ service. The town vending committee8 / ward vending committee has the power to
register vendors9. All vendors in each city should be registered at a nominal fee and the registration
should be renewed every three years. The town vending committee should issue identity cards to
vendors and charge a monthly fee for access to various services. For better regulation, there should be
direct linkage between urban local bodies and hawkers.
4.5 Workforce participation rate

As per the 2011 Census, the city has 1.88 lakh workers who account for 37%of the total city population.
The Workforce Participation Rate (WPR) has increased from 33% in 2001 indicating a net increase of
29,874 workers. Trends in workforce participation have been captured in the table below. Main workers
account for 88% of all workers, the remaining being marginal workers who are involved in employment
for less than 6 months.
Table 19: Work force participation ratio

Work Force
Year Total Population Total Workers
Participation Ratio (%)
1991 2,16,950 72,287 33.32
2001 4,72,374 1,58,058 33.46
2011 5,13,264 1,87,932 36.62
Female workforce participation
As per 2011 Census, female workers number 35,515 and account for 7% of the total population and
19% of the total workforce population. As indicated in the table below, the participation of the female
workforce is relatively higher in household industries and as agricultural labourers.
Table 20: Female work participation

Category Total Workers Share Female Share
Cultivators 688 0.4% 251 0.7%
Agricultural labourers 1,186 0.6% 530 1.5%
Household workers 5,390 2.9% 2,078 5.9%
Others 1,80,668 96.1% 32,656 91.9%
7
In spite of the government‘s fervent concern regarding public sanitation and safety, a number of public events, bazaars, religious
festivals and other activities take place on our streets with the whole-hearted approval of government authorities.
8
The committee has no fixed tenure and there is no removal mechanism mentioned.
9
The National Policy on Urban Street Vendors, 2009. Under Provision 4.5.4 of this Policy, the Municipal Authority is under an
obligation to undertake a comprehensive census of the existing vendors in consultation with the Town Vending Committee for
the purpose of granting them lease to vend. Hence, we see that here the burden of registration is on the Municipality, which
significantly smoothens the exercise of registration and to a large extent simplifies the process for street vendors.

Category Total Workers Share Female Share

Total 1,87,932 100.0% 35515 100.0%
Source: Census 2011
4.5.1 Workers’ Classification

Analysis of the sectoral share of workers shows that about 1% of the total workers in the city are
engaged in primary sector activities, 3% in the secondary sector and about 96% – a phenomenal share
– in the tertiary sector. As discussed in the city’s economic profile, there is meagre scope for primary
sector activities within the city limits. Tea processing, timber and other manufacturing units form sources
of secondary sector employment. It is also observed that these industries employ regional workforce
from nearby rural areas. The workforce within the city is predominantly occupied in tertiary sector
activities which include trade, transport, hotels, real estate, etc.
Figure 25: Sectoral share of workers in Siliguri
Primary, 1%
Secondary, 3%
Tertiary, 96%
Source: Census 2011
Trends in workforce participation

In 1991, 85.3% of the total workforce was engaged in the tertiary sector. Out of 158,058 workers in the
SMC area, only 1.9% comprise cultivators and agricultural labourers. In 2001, the secondary sector
accounted for 0.3% and tertiary as much as 97.9% of the total workforce. This indicates dominance of
the tertiary sector in the economy and low industrial economy. .
4.5.2 Key Issues

 The informal economy in the city could be supported by creating infrastructure and amenities
in the vending areas and registering the vendors.
 There is a need to diversify the economy by promoting tourism apart from trade and commerce.
 There is requirement of strict industrial enforcement for non-polluting industries in this region;
 Work force participation in the city is 37% and female workers account for 7% of the total
population and 19% of the total workforce population.
 Poverty is on the rise with growing unemployment. (Though the share of unemployment has
declined, the absolute size of BPL and vulnerable groups is substantial.)
 Opportunities for native population have waned due to increasing dominance of in-migrants in
informal economic activities;
 The crime rate has gone up due to international illegal drug trafficking and infiltration from
Bangladesh and Nepal.

5. Physical planning and growth management

This chapter presents a detailed assessment of the planning area, spatial growth trends and distribution
of population, and critical appraisal of the development plan, master plan, and land use analysis
(existing and proposed). The assessment of existing land and proposed land use has been compared
with the Urban & Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation (URDPFI) guidelines.
Also, the roles and responsibilities of urban local body (ULB) and Parastatals agencies in urban
planning functions have been discussed in the chapter.
5.1 Background
Siliguri was a tiny village of less than 800 populations in 1901 and received its recognition as a municipal
town with a population of 32,480 and an area of 15.54 sq.km, in 1951. The original town comprised the
areas known as Hakim Para near Siliguri town railway station; it started expanding towards the north
and north-east, towards Asami Para (literally meaning Assamese neighborhood). The town showed its
vital potentiality as it grew as a centre part for trade between India, Sikkim, Bhutan, Nepal and Tibet.
The Assam rail link in 1950s made this town a gateway to North-East India. NH-31 and other road
networks ushered a new era in transport in entire North-East India.
The growth of the town received momentum just after independence of India with immigrants from
Nepal, Southern Bhutan and adjacent Indian states apart from eastern Bengal coming in. There was
also a major influx of business communities from other parts of the country. After 1981, some important
State Government offices have been established in Siliguri.
In terms of development, Siliguri is a relatively newly-founded town whose geographic positioning which
made it an international trade centre, earned it importance post-Independence and segregation of
countries as India connects with northeastern Indian States plus Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal
through Siliguri.
Till 1994, Siliguri Municipality had 30 wards. After the declaration of the Siliguri Municipal Corporation
in 1994, 17 new wards were added to its jurisdiction. Siliguri is a unique city as 14 out of 47 wards of
Siliguri Municipal Corporation falls in the neighboring Jalpaiguri district. The total area is 41.9 sq. km.
Around 20.11 sq. km of SMC area falls in the Darjeeling district and the remaining 21.79 sq. km of SMC
area is in the Jalpaiguri district.
As per the West Bengal Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Act 2009, Sec. 333, draft development
plan (DDP) is prepared by the corporation in consultation with the DPC for five years.
Table 21: District wise share of SMC Area
Total Number of
Name Area (sq. km) Percentage of Area
Wards
Siliguri Municipal
41.9 100% 47
Corporation (SMC)
SMC Area in
20.11 48% 33
Darjeeling District
SMC Area in Jalpaiguri
21.79 52% 14
District
Source: Siliguri Municipal Corporation

5.2 Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority

Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority (SJDA) was set up by the 1979 Act of West Bengal Town and
Country (Planning & Development) and has the responsibility of dealing with the works of planning and
developing the Siliguri-Jalpaiguri planning area. With the means of this act, the development board
came into being as the governor of West Bengal gave directions through notification no-1878 -
T&CP/112-6/80 dtd. 17.3.1980 for the dissolution of Siliguri Planning Organisation which was
functioning under the T&CP branch of the Dept. of Development & Planning of the West Bengal.
As per the DDP the total area under SMC is 41.9 sq.km. The master plan for Siliguri- Jalpaiguri planning
area was prepared by SJDA. The urban planning cell under SMC and district planning committee (DPC)
governs the urban planning for the corporation. In accordance with the DDP, the annual development
plan (ADP) is also prepared by the corporation in consultation with the DPC for a period of one year.
The ADP covers detailed development plan for the year.
5.3 Constituents of planning area

In 1931, Siliguri was made a non-municipal town and in 1950 it was upgraded to a municipal town.
Siliguri municipality with an area of 15.54 sq.km was upgraded to a Municipal Corporation in 1994 and
area was increased to 41.90 sq.km.
Figure 26: Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Area
Source: Siliguri CMP, 2011

Due to rapid growth and urbanization experienced by Siliguri in the last two decades, a need was felt
to ensure planned development of the region, and Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority (SJDA)
was formed.
Figure 27: Siliguri Jalpaiguri Planning Area
Source: City Development Strategy for Siliguri - 2011

All development in Siliguri Urban Area (SUA) which comprises Siliguri Municipal Corporation and
adjacent urban areas are regulated by SJDA. SJDA has an area of 117.54 sq. km, out of which 68.90
sq. km falls under Jalpaiguri district and remaining 48.64 sq. km. falls under Darjeeling district.

Siliguri Municipal Corporation falls into two districts, Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri Districts. Siliguri City is
situated under Siliguri Jalpaiguri Planning Area (SJPA) and the responsibility of planning and
development of the city lies with Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority (SJPA). The land area under
the jurisdiction of Siliguri Jalpaguri Planning Area (SJPA) is 2327.12 sq. km. after the recent inclusion
of a portion of Phansidewa. Six police stations viz. Siliguri, Matigara and Naxalbari and Jalpaiguri,
Bhaktinagar and Rajganj fall under SJPA. The area has been divided into five Community Development
blocks, namely – Matigara, Naxalbari and Phansidewa, in Darjeeling District and Jalpaiguri and Rajganj
in Jalpaiguri District.
The Outline development planning area of Siliguri is spread over 260.0 sq. km., constituting makes up
22.47% of the SJDA region and is formed by the areas of Siliguri Municipal Corporation, Bagdogra
urban area, Bagdogra (rural), Dabgram urban area and Binnaguri rural mouza.
Table 22: Summary of Constituents of Siliguri Planning Area
Name Area (Sq.Km)

Siliguri Jalpaiguri Planning Area (SJPA) 1266.64
Outer Development Planning Area (ODPA) 260.0
Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Area (SJDA) 117.54
Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC) 41.9
Source: Traffic & Transportation Master Plan, SJDA, 2013
5.4 Spatial growth trends

Siliguri’s particular location on the narrowest part of Indian land naturally limits the scope of city’s
boundary. There are strips of land on both sides of Sevoke Road (north east of Siliguri) up to Manpong
forest and of NH-31 (Siliguri to Bagdogra road on West of Siliguri) up to Nepal and Bihar. Hence the
city is growing as a ribbon development along those lines. On two sides of NH-31 there exist many tea
plantations, limiting the growth. On south Siliguri’s expansion is thwarted at Bangladesh border and on
east, by Baikunthapur reserve forest. As Jalpaiguri lies only 45 km south east of Siliguri, with proper
connectivity, there is scope of development between these two cities.
Due to certain events, Siliguri developed in certain directions, hence, the rapid transition through which
Siliguri has passed in a small period of time.
Up to 1960s Siliguri was an obscure village till the second decade of this century. Then the development
of the tea gardens gave a start to the development of Siliguri. The first tea garden in the Terai area was
the New Champta tea estate, which was opened in the year 1866. Then in this area first rail link was
established in 1880.
This rail link impacted the administrative status of Siliguri:
 The District Revenue Office shifted from Phansidewa to Siliguri and Siliguri was detached from
Jalpaiguri district to become a part of Darjeeling district.
 In 1907, sub divisional office for Siliguri was shifted from Kurseong to Siliguri itself. In 1931,
Siliguri was recognized as a non- municipal town.
 Siliguri became a municipal town in 1950;
 Total area of the town was 15.5 sq.km;
Further some new links connected Siliguri to other area too:
 In 1934, the new coronation bridge across the Teesta river linked Siliguri to Assam, Cooch
Behar and the Upper Dooars of Jalpaiguri led to the development along major arterial roads
like Hill Cart road and SF road;

 The Assam rail link was established during 1950s;

 In spite of all these changes, Siliguri’s importance was very limited. It was only recognized as
an entry point for the trade between India and Sikkim, Bhutan, Eastern Nepal and Tibet apart
from being recognized as a small junction station for the change- over to the narrow- gauge
train bound for Darjeeling.
The Population increase also impacted the status of Siliguri. It was after partition in 1947, a continuous
stream of migrants from East Pakistan (present Bangladesh) flowed into the town. It resulted into three
fold increase in city’s population from 1947 to 1961.
Further growth of Siliguri city:
 Siliguri town began to grow from the Khalpara and Naya Bazar area, which is a town railway
station area with the construction of godowns (warehouses) for wholesale trade and residential-
cum- commercial establishments by traders;
 This was followed by some retail shops and consumer goods industry which helped making
this area as a core of the city.
 Subhash Pally is oldest settlement in the city located near town railway station;
Up to 1980s Siliguri city saw an impetus growth pattern:
 Siliguri gained strategic importance due to declared emergency in 1962. Since then importance
of Siliguri kept on growing as a major focus in the commercial and transport lines between
South Bengal, North Bihar, Assam, Sikkim and Bhutan.
 Roads and other infrastructure facilities were improved to prepare Siliguri city for the national
games and Kanchanjangha stadium was built during this time for national games which was
then used as a public space for various activities.
Afterwards growth of Siliguri city:
 After opening of second Mahananda bridge, scope for growing in the north- western side of
Mahananda increased and city showed increasing growth in that direction.
 Commercial developments along Hill Cart road and SF road caught momentum and started
along Savoke road.
 Opening of Third Mahananda Bridge linked city with the western part and opened new avenue
for expansion of the city in western direction.
 In the Administrative point of view, Siliguri Municipal Corporation was formulated. Total
administrative area became 41.9 sq. km.
Current growth corridors:
 New commercial developments increasingly coming up along Savoke road, and that area is
having a characteristic of a newly developing area with new commercial and residential
developments;
 Major relator players like Mayfair, Bengal Ambuja, Shanthinikethan, Vishwakarma builders and
other local builders are developing new ventures along NH-31 and Sevoke road of Siliguri
region;

Figure 28: Growth direction in Siliguri
Source: Google (Image), SMC & CRIS
Figure 29: Siliguri City Administrative Evolution
Source: Google (Image), SMC & CRIS

Siliguri city has an organic urban pattern in the old Siliguri region. The areas are characterized by narrow
lanes, low-rise structures, and unorganized infrastructure services.
The areas around the railway station and bus terminus face the high densification, congestion, and
stress on infrastructure services. This has paved the way for urban sprawl along the transport corridors
specifically towards the highway, main road, etc. Also, over the years, the developmental pressure in
the core city has adversely affected the area under green cover and open spaces.
The areas around the railway station which are considered as the central business district are
characterized by high density. In contrast, as indicated in the satellite images below, areas in the core
city in the periphery have also developed in an organic way with wide roads and mid-to-high-rise
structures.
Many of the original wards have decongested (wards 9-12 and 17) and wards in added areas have
seen population increase in range of 75% to 270%. Population of 10 wards was above 100%. The
decongestion of older wards has continued whereas the population increase in the added areas grew
in the decade of 2001-2011. Hence, the decadal population growth has reduced from 47.5% in 1991-
2001 to 7.8% in 2001-2011. The areas surrounding NJP station and Hill Cart Road continue to be most
congested parts of the city.
5.4.1 Land Rates

Land values in the LUDCP area are lower as compared to Siliguri city area. In LUDCP area, land values
along national highway are higher in comparison to other areas of LUDCP. Land values are increasing
due to the increased infrastructure facilities and transport network. Value gets affected by level of
service and accessibility of the area. Land value near national highway 31 near transport nagar is 1
lakhs/ Kottah (1 Kottah = 66.96 square meters).
Within SMC area, there is a drastic difference in the prices of different areas in 1982 to 2004. At present,
city core (Bidhan market area) and area around Savoke road having highest land values. Then second
zone is all residential areas near periphery having land value around 20000- 25000 Rs./ ha. Third zone
is around core area near SF road, Burdwan road etc. value of land in this zone is 12,000 to 20000 Rs./
ha. Value of land along eastern bypass has increased due to the connectivity provided by bypass.
5.5 Land Use

Land is a vital resource and the most important natural resource in the Municipal. Due to increasing
urban population pressure the urban local bodies are facing threat of overuse land and abuse of the
land resource. The development plan provides necessary detail and intended action in the form of
strategies and physical proposals for various policies depending upon the economic and social needs
and aspiration of the people.
The existing land use in the SMC has been summed up by adding the land use of different wards. SMC
wards being divided throughout two districts, 32 wards lie in the Darjeeling district and the remaining
15 wards lie in the Jalpaiguri District. Around 20.11 sq. km of SMC Area falls in the Darjeeling District
and the remaining 21.79 sq. km of SMC area is in the Jalpaiguri District.
As per the land use Distribution in the SMC 50% of the total SMC area is residential land use. 7% of
the total Land in the SMC region is of Commercial Use while Industrial Use is just 1%. Public & Semi
Public as well as Recreational Land Use is 4% each. Transport and open land use including unused
land are 13% each. Land in Agriculture & Water Bodies has a share of 8% in the total land use of the
SMC.

Figure 30: Siliguri land use progression trend
Source: Traffic & Transportation Master Plan for SJDA
Table 23: Land Use of the SMC region
Land use category SMC Land use (Sq.Km) Land Use (%)
Residential 20.66 50%
Commercial 2.93 7%
Industrial 0.42 1%
Public & Semi Public 1.68 4%
Recreational 1.68 4%
Transport & Communication 5.45 13%
Open & Unused land 5.45 13%
Agriculture & Water Bodies 3.35 8%
Total Developed Area 41.92 100%
Source: Draft Development Plan 2008-09 to 2012-13, SMC
Figure 31: Land use Breakup
8% Residential
13%
Commercial
13% 50% Industrial
Public & Semi Public
7% Recreational
Transport & Communication
4% 1%
4% Open & Unused land
Agriculture & Water Bodies

5.5.1 Comparison with URDPFI guidelines

The existing land use has been compared with URDPFI guidelines to assess the adequacy of existing
areas under various category/zones. As indicated in the table below, the city lacks adequate land use
share under Industrial, Public and Semi-Public, and Recreational Categories. Residential, Commercial
and Transportation use is meeting URDPFI guidelines.
Table 24: Land use Distribution
URDPFI Guideline
Siliguri Municipal Meets the
Land use category Percentage of Developed
Corporation benchmark
Area - Medium Town
Residential 40-45 50% Yes
Commercial 3-4 7% Yes
Industrial 8-10 1% No
Public & Semi Public 10-12 4% No
Recreational 18-20 4% No
Transport &
12-14 13% Yes
Communication
Open & Unused land 13%
Agriculture & Water Balanced -
8%
Bodies
Total Developed Area 100 100%
Source: SMC, URDPFI guidelines, 2014
Residential land use
As per the existing land use, residential and mixed residential use comprises around 50% of the total
land use. As indicated in the table above, the percentage of land use under residential is conformity
with the URDPFI guidelines. The residential colonies include Pradhan nagar, Ghogomalli, Babupura,
Sakthigarh, College para, Ashram para, Mahakal pally, and Punjabi para.
Commercial land use
The commercial use is spread over an area of 7% of the city land use. It is observed that the share of
commercial land use is meeting the URDPFI requirement. This is due to the fact that the city is a major
commercial centre in the North Bengal and Sikkim. The commercial areas are located in the core and
northern part of the city such as Bidhan market, Hill cart road and Sevoke road. Further, new commercial
establishments are coming up along the NH-31C.
Industrial land use
Presently, the industrial zone accounts for about 1% of the land use. As indicated in the table above,
the area under industrial zone is inadequate when compared to URDPFI guidelines. Within the core
city, limited industrial activities are distributed.
Public and Semi-public land use:
As indicated in the table above, the city lacks sufficient area under public and semi-public zones. The
core city has 4% of land use under public and semi-public use. These comprise all the educational and
health institutions, government offices, municipal offices, offices of other local authorities and other
public institutions like temples, churches and mosques.

5.6 Critical Appraisal of the Land use in the DDP

Land use planning should meet the consumption needs of growing population by efficient utilization of
the resource, by identifying the prospective uses of land, conservation and development of land and
devising suitable regulatory control over development.
Development objectives set for the SMC for Land use development plan
 Siliguri Municipal Corporation will make endeavors to identify unutilized plots of land in different
wards of the Corporation area with a view to intervene in the matter of its desired utilization
either by Corporation itself or through private public partnership;
 Siliguri Municipal Corporation jointly with SJDA will review the regulatory control on
development of land, control of building operation and regulations of building uses and make
those supplementary to existing rules and regulations keeping in view the concerns over social
needs and environment;
The overall scope of the plan entails:
Theme 1 – Making land available
 Making available adequate land at appropriate locations for all municipal services;
 Providing land for healthcare services, education and recreation according to the norms
proposed in URDPFI guidelines and for requirement of all other sub component plans of the
DDP;
 Making available adequate land for transport infrastructure such as roads, parking, bus depots,
jetties, and modal interchanges;
Theme 2 – Redevelopment of congested areas for better living

 Enhance condition of living in the congested or densely populated areas of the Municipals
Corporation through redevelopment of such areas.
 Planning new areas of human settlement through new development schemes.
 Regular maintenance of public squares, parks, garden or recreation areas.
 Improving the surrounding/environment of the Municipals Corporation by initiating projects for
beautification and landscaping.
 Resettlement and rehabilitation of squatter settlements and providing basic amenities such that
there is an overall improvement of the quality of life of the excluded and marginalized section
of the population.
Theme 3 – Regulatory controls for unauthorized encroachments and buildings
 Provide adequate regulatory measures for unauthorized street encroachments and buildings
which are unfit for human habitation.
 Take adequate measures for old, dilapidated buildings which are unsafe for human habitation
and for the neighborhood.
 Providing regulatory framework for disaster prone areas, filling up of in-sanitary water courses,
filling up of tanks etc.
5.7 Roles and responsibilities of ULB and parastatals

The function of town planning has not been transferred on real-time basis to SMC. As mentioned earlier,
Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority (SJDA) and SMC are responsible for the urban planning
function within the region. The key roles and responsibilities of the planning agencies are indicated in
the Table 25 below.

Table 25: Roles and Responsibility of the Institutions
Agency Roles and Responsibility
Under the city planning functions, urban planning and preparation of

master and land use plans is the responsibility of the Parastatals
SJDA agency, i.e., SJDA
Post preparation of the plans, the plans would be handed over to
SMC for enforcement as per the applicable state building byelaws.
SMC is responsible for the enforcement of the plans and regulation
SMC
of development as per the state byelaws.
5.8 Issues of the present land use Distribution

The present land use distribution brings in certain issues which could be analyzed on the city level. The
land use and the issues relating to it are discussed in the Table 26 below:
Table 26: Land use and relating issues
Sl.
Land Use Issues/Problems
No.
These types of lands are predominantly found in very
Open, unused land/undeveloped
1 few wards. Open/ undeveloped lands are mainly used
land
for dumping of wastes.
There are couple of parks which can be renovated

like the renowned Surya Sen park maintained by
Public parks, squares and garden,
2 SMC. In rainy season the some of the playgrounds
Playgrounds
get water logged or mucky. These needs to be
controlled.
The drainage network problem is acute in some

3 Drainage network and outfalls. wards. The problem of drain blockage is severe in
almost all the wards
Due to a good natural slope this is not a problem. But
4 Disaster prone area (Flood, etc.) flash floods in the rivers may create problem of
flooding.

6. Social infrastructure
This chapter presents a detailed assessment of the social and environment of the city, which includes
health services, education status, and role of various agencies involved in the service provision. The
key findings of the analysis indicate the status of Siliguri city in terms of health, education, and recreation
service provision. The existing facility has been compared with URDPFI guidelines to arrive at the gap
in service provisioning.
6.1 Background
Siliguri has always been the hub of health and education in the Terai and the Dooars region. Apart from
the residents of West Bengal, students from neighboring states of Sikkim, Bihar and Assam and
neighboring countries of Bhutan, Nepal and Bangladesh come here to pursue education. As discussed,
the Siliguri hospitals offer good health care services to the entire districts in the state.
Further, the city has a wide range of education institutions like universities, science and management
colleges, and research institutions established by the Government and private organisations. SMC is
playing a major role in the provision of basic education facilities in the city.
6.2 Health care facilities

The district commissioner of health and family welfare is responsible for planning, implementation,
facilitation, coordination, supervision and monitoring of all activities relating to health in the district.
Further, it takes care of all matters relating to primary and secondary hospital services and their interface
with the tertiary health system.
6.2.1 Existing situation

Healthcare facilities in the city are provided by many hospitals, which are supported by both the
government and private institutions. The city has four major hospitals, viz., the Siliguri District Hospital
(SDH), TB Hospital, NJP Railway Hospital, and North Bengal Medical Hospital, which offers affordable
health care services to Siliguri and neighbouring districts in the state. SDH is run by the state
government.
Further, SMC is maintaining a few Ayurvedic, Unani, and Homeopathic dispensaries within the city
limits. In addition, the city has nearly 80 private hospitals, nursing homes, and dispensaries with
specialised services.
Some of the health care facilities in Siliguri are as follows Table 27:
Table 27: List of Hospitals
S.NO. Hospital
1 SD Hospital
2 TB Hospital
3 NJP Railway Hospital
4 Anandalok Hospital
5 Siliguri Lions Eye Hospital
6 Arogya Niketan
7 North Bengal Medical College
8 Veterinary Hospital
9 Malaria Office

S.NO. Hospital
10 North Bengal Voluntary Blood Bank
11 Paramount Hospital Pvt. Ltd.
12 Shanti Swasthalaya & Anusandhan Kendra pvt. Ltd.
13 North Bengal Neuro Centre
14 Heritage Hospital and Helix Diagnostics
15 Navjeevan Hospital and Rural Health Center
16 Peerless Hospital
17 Ram Krishna Sewa Sadan
18 Siliguri Sadar Hospital
Source: SJDA, 2013
The Siliguri Sub-divisional (Sadar) Hospital has 250 beds and the Jalpaiguri Sadar Hospital has 550
beds. The North Bengal Medical College and the North Bengal Dental College are also situated within
SJPA.
The IPP-VIII Extension Programme (India Population Programme) in Siliguri Municipality operates from
244 blocks, 61 health centres, 8 health posts, and 1 maternity home cum Extended Specialised
Outpatient Department (ESOPD).
In the private sector of healthcare, Revision of Land Use Guidelines for Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development
Area, 29 nursing homes and 68 diagnostic centres operate in Siliguri, accounting for about 159 beds.
There is provision for about 125 beds in private nursing homes and diagnostics in Jalpaiguri.
Besides, the tea gardens and estates in SJPA have their own dispensaries and clinics, which may need
to be incorporated into the mainstream healthcare system for administrative and logistic reasons.
6.2.2 Role of SMC in health care services

The function of Municipal in the area of Public Health is primarily of implementing Central and State
Government Health programmes in the urban area. These services include preventive measures for
checking the spread of dangerous disease (vector control), providing immunisation including public
vaccination and inoculation, registering an event of birth and death, construction, maintenance and
operation of dispensaries, ambulance services, issue of food licence, etc. SMC plays a vital role in
organizing and facilitating the health programs in the area. Following health programs are operating
within SMC:
a. Total 45 centres are run by the health section and NGOs together for the prevention of different
diseases like TB, polio, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, measles, and hepatitis B.
b. Ward-wise health check-up programmes are organized by councilors and ward committee
members, on different aliments like diabetes, heart diseases. For this, Rs. 15,000 per year per
ward is allotted.
c. Awareness programs on vector-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, and encephalitis are
organised ward wise.
6.2.3 Distribution of health care facilities

The total area of the city is served by the multi-tiered health management system supported by Central,
State, Corporation and private level assistance. Improvement in health care delivery systems in all the
sections of the citizens of the Siliguri particularly BPL populations in the slum based wards are being
given the most priority. As per the survey conducted under the Draft Development Plan prepared by
SMC, about 78% of the slum population seek health services from the government health facilities.

6.2.4 Comparison with URDPFI norms

The existing health care facility has been compared with the URDPFI guidelines to check the current
status of health care infrastructure and further identify the gap in the health care facilities. The existing
facilities are inadequate as compared to URDPFI guidelines.
As indicated in the table below, the city has only 30 diagnostic centres while the requirement is for about
38. Also, less than 50% of the requirement for nursing homes has been fulfilled. Similar is the case with
the veterinary services in the city.
Table 28: Health care facilities in Siliguri
Health care URDPFI Requirement as No. of hospitals Met the

facility Guidelines per guidelines Benchmark
Dispensary 1 for 15000
38 30 Yes
population
Nursing home, 45000 to 1 lakh
child welfare and population 13 29 Yes
maternity centre
Multi-speciality 1 for 1 lakh
6 3 Yes
hospital population
Diagnostic centre 1 for 0.5 lakh
11 68 No
population
Veterinary 1 for 5 lakh
Hospital for pets population 0 1 No
and animals
Dispensary for 1 for 1 lakh
pet animals and population 0 6 No
birds
Source: URDPFI guidelines and SMC
6.2.5 Key issues

 The city has good services in terms of overall healthcare facilities. However, in the area of
public health care facilities, intermediate hospitals and speciality hospitals could be developed
in view of the BPL population within the district.
 As per the discussions with SMC officials, the frequency of occurrence of malaria, diarrhoea,
and yellow fever is high in the city, especially in the slum areas across the core city. This is
attributed to unhygienic conditions and water stagnation for long periods. .
 Absence of scientific technology for biomedical waste disposal are affecting hygiene conditions
in hospitals.
6.3 Educational facilities

The city is the regional education hub and pioneer in higher education and graduate programmes in the
state. In 1981, the male and female literacy rate in the Siliguri city was 57.6% and 4.8%, respectively.
The municipal area recorded a higher literacy rate compared to the other segments of the ODP area.
Due to the inherent importance of Siliguri as being a centrally located and the largest town in the Sikkim-
Darjeeling region, a large number of students flock here for higher education. The city has two
engineering colleges, viz., Siliguri Institute of Technology and Surendra Institute of Engineering &
Management. Siliguri College, established in 1950, is the oldest higher education institution in the city.
Other colleges are Siliguri College of Commerce, Siliguri Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Surya Sen
Mahavidyalaya, St. Xaviers College, Bagdogra College, Naxalbari College, Salesian College, and Gyan
Jyoti College.
The North Bengal Medical College, located in Sushrutanagar, is the sole medical college in the region
and is connected to the main city through the 3rd Mahananda Bridge. The University of North
Bengal was established in 1962, 10 km away from the main Siliguri city, in Raja Rammohanpur.
Approximately 80 colleges are affiliated to the university, with approximately 36,000 and 1,500 students
enrolled in graduate and post-graduate courses, respectively, every year.
6.3.1 Existing Situation

Overall, there are 123 schools in Siliguri which are run by the state government or private organizations,
many of which are religious. Siliguri Boys High School (SBHS) is the oldest school of the city founded
in 1918. Girls High School, Don Bosco School, St. Josephs' High School, and Hindi Balika Vidyapith
School are the other old and famous schools of Siliguri. Details of the existing schools in SMC have
been provided in table below.
Table 29: Types of Educational Institution (Government)
S. No. Type of Educational Institution Number

1 Municipal primary school 1
2 Primary Schools 78
3 Junior High School 1
4 Secondary Schools 12
5 Higher Secondary Schools 25
6 Colleges 6
Total 123
6.3.2 Spatial distribution of schools

The concentration of educational facility is more towards the southern part of the town along the Sevoke
road and Hill cart road. Wards to the east of railway station are devoid of basic education facilities. The
spatial distribution of the schools in the city has been indicated in the map below:

Figure 32: Location of schools in Siliguri
6.3.3 Comparison with URDPFI norms

The existing education facilities have been compared with the URDPFI guidelines to check the current
status of education facilities and further identify the gap in the services. It is observed that the city lacks
adequate facilities at various level. As per the URDPFI norms, there is a deficit of 34 schools at the
primary level, 63 schools at senior secondary school level. Further, the city lacks integrated schools
with hostel facilities and schools for the physically and mentally challenged.

Table 30: Existing education facilities’ comparison with URDPFI norms
Social infrastructure URDPFI Guidelines Actual Existing Met the

requirement 2014 Benchmark
for 2014
Pre-primary to secondary education
Primary school 1 for 5000 population 113 79 No
Senior secondary school 1 for 7500 population 76 13 No
Integrated school (with hostel 1 for 90000 to 1 lakh No
facility) 6 0
School for physically challenged 1 for 45000 population 13 0 No
School for mentally challenged 1 for 10 lakh population 1 0 No
Higher education
College 1 for 1.25 lakh 8 5 No
Technical education 1 for 10 lakh population 1 1 Yes
Source: SMC and URDPFI guidelines
6.3.4 Key issues

 The city has adequate higher education facilities such as university, graduation, and technical
education facilities. However, the city lacks adequate facilities in the primary and elementary
school levels.
 There is a shortage of teachers at the primary school level. The student and teacher ratio at
the primary school level is lower than the recommended norms.
 The maintenance of municipal school infrastructure is the responsibility of SMC. Majority of the
schools are running in substandard buildings and lack basic facilities such as water supply,
sanitation, and play areas.
 Very few municipal schools have adequate area to provide the desirable minimum amenities
required for children.
 Maximum numbers of primary and secondary government-aided schools are located either in
residential areas or beside national highways.
 Most of the schools have no boundary walls and guards.
 Because of the poor quality of sanitation, the surroundings of the school environment is
polluted. Sometimes, there are no toilets for teachers and students.
 The drinking water is provided from tub well and well.
 They have no provision for special care of children.
 The pupil-teacher ratio (PTR) has been increasing day by day. Unbalanced PTR negatively
affects the academic curriculum.
 The most alarming factor is that the teachers and parents have no communication or meeting
for the future development of children. In some special cases, there is some provision of a
guardian cell.
 Government schools have insufficient library materials, insufficient laboratory instruments.
6.4 Recreation
The city offers diverse recreational space including parks, clubs, cinemas and play grounds. The city
has around 40 parks and 5 recreational areas which are distributed around the city.There are six
auditoriums in the municipal area, of which two belong to the North East Frontier Railway.

In the SMC area, there are around 60 clubs of different types, including 3 exclusively for skill-
development. At present, there are more than 10 libraries located within the municipal limits. Majority
of these libraries are organised under the Rural Library Schemes of the State Government. Further, the
city has 6 cinema houses in municipal corporation area.
Parks and play grounds
As per the existing land use of the city, about 1.68 Sq.km of area in the city is under recreational use.
SMC is responsible for the development and maintenance of parks and recreational areas. Though
Siliguri has a lush green environment, as it is covered by forest reserves on the north side, it has densely
populated areas, which lack proper parks or open spaces which can uplift the environmental conditions.
SMC maintains around 0.78 lakh sq.m of park area. The details of existing parks and playgrounds in
SMC area has been provided in the table below.
Table 31: List of Park and Play Grounds Maintained by SMC
S. No. Park & Play Ground Area (sq.mt)

1 Children Park At Diseal Colony 225.00
2 Children Park At Bagha J Atin Colony 305.00
3 Adarsha Nagar Park At Adarsha Nagar 325.00
4 Children Park At Ganga Nagar 296.00
5 Sampriti Park At Mahananda Para 296.00
6 Surya Sen Park At Mahananda Para. 28112.45
7 Children Park At Ashrampara 269.00
8 Sishu Uddayan At College Para 4859.44
9 Children Park At Ward No. 17 269.08
10 Baghajatin Park At Ward No. 17 4859.44
11 Chotodar Asar At Ward No. 19 923.69
12 Azad Hind Park At Subhas Pally 428.00
13 Swami Chaitananda Sishu Uddyan At Ward No. 21 169.48
14 Pratik Sishu Uddayan At Ward No. 22 570.28
15 Park At Ward No. 22 At Ward No. 22 673.90
16 Nabin Sangha Park At Ward No. 22 248.00
17 Siliguri Park At Ward No. 23 6176.71
18 Milan Pally Park At Millan Pally 305.22
19 Babu Para Boys Club Park At Babu Para 348.00
20 Boot House Park At Deshbandhu Para 364.00
21 Swami Vivekananda Park At Ward No. 27 298.00
22 Tikia Para Park At Ward No. 28 348.00
23 Subrata Sishu Uddyan At Ward No. 30 248.00
24 Balaram Saha Smrity Sishu Uddyan At Shaktigarh 789.16
25 Park At Nouka Ghat At Nouka Gh At 19518.07
26 Park At Sreepally At Sreepally 839.36
27 Saktigarh Park At Shaktigarh 745.00
28 Park At Surya Sen Colony At Ward No. 34 425.00
29 Sahid Colony Park At Sahid Colony 368.00
30 Dakhin Santi Nagar Park At Shanti Nagar 328.00
31 Park At Amtala Colony 144.58
32 Park At Amtala, Shastrinagar 1096.39
33 Park At Shastrinagar 184.74
34 Park At Sahid Nagar At Sahind Nagar 348.00
35 Gandhi Nagar Park At Ward No. 43 305.22
36 Baghajatin Colony Park At Bagha J Atin Colony 424.00
37 Green Park At Ward No. 46 386.00
38 Ramkrishna Nagar Park At Ward No. 47 357.43
39 New Colony Park At Ward No. 47 228.92

S. No. Park & Play Ground Area (sq.mt)

Total 77,653.56
The Kanchenjunga Stadium is the city's only outdoor stadium and have hosted national and
international level matches. The total seating capacity in the stadium galleries is 35,000. The playing
arena is about 14,300 sq. metre. There is a youth hostel of 96 bed capacity inside the stadium for
accommodation of players etc. There is a Siliguri Stadium Committee to look after management of the
stadium.
Siliguri has contributed the best of table tennis

players to the country. Many of them have won
national and international titles. Siliguri has a
number of coaching centres for table tennis, but
they are run by organisations or former
paddlers. Players of repute like Mantu Ghosh
and Subhajit Saha both Arjuna award winners
are from Siliguri.
The Table Tennis Federation of India has
submitted a proposal before the Centre to set
up an academy for the game in Siliguri which
has produced a large number of national and
international paddlers.
There is an indoor stadium at Deshbandhupara in the southern part of the city. This new stadium has
facilities for lawn tennis, badminton and table tennis as well as other indoor sports. However, the city is
best known for being the training grounds for table tennis players.
SMC is very active in maintaining socio-cultural harmony of the multi-ligual, multi –cultural population
of the area. Such events are held at Madhuban Park, Rabindra Mancha, Ratan Lal Brahman Mukto
Mancha, Thakur Panchanan Barma Mukto Mancha, and Shakti Garh Mukto Mancha. All these facilities
require regular maintenance and expansion considering the population growth.
Cemetery
There are two burning Ghats in the corporation area, of which the Kiranchandra Burning Ghat is
operated by SMC in Ward No. 1, where cremation is done by electric furnace and also by using wood.
There are two electric furnaces; the one is alright but the condition of the other furnace is bad, immediate
repair or replacement is needed otherwise problem may arise. The existing disposal arrangements at
the Mahananda river bank in the heart of the town should be immediately shifted to a convenient location
and construction of the same electrification process.
6.4.1 Key issues

 The existing area under recreational area constitutes 4% of the overall land use which is on a
lesser side in comparison to URDPFI standard of 18-20%.
 Majority of the open spaces in the city are not utilized and have turned into litter zones. These
could be developed into organized green spaces;

7. Infrastructure and Services

This chapter presents the status of key urban services such as water supply and sanitation (which
includes sewerage, solid waste management), storm water drainage, and street lighting in SMC
jurisdiction. The chapter also elaborates on the key issues in the service delivery mechanism, service
level gaps, and the interventions required for bridging the gaps and improving service delivery in SMC
jurisdiction.
7.1 Water supply

SMC is in-charge of water supply in SMC area. PHED is in charge of operation and maintenance of the
system and execution of the ongoing projects. The water supply in the SMC area is administered by
the PHE department along with SMC providing household connections and collecting water charges.
7.1.1 Existing Water Supply Situation

Water supply in SMC was first introduced in the year 1968. In the year 1994, the Comprehensive Water
Supply project was taken up for execution to increase supply to the older wards (no. 1-30) and introduce
household connections instead of exiting roadside taps, introduce piped water supply to households in
the added area (wards 31 to 44 and nos. 45, 46 and 47 added later in).
During the time of preparation of Comprehensive Water Supply Project, not all the then existing
problems were addressed. Those issues still exist and some has increased manifold even as the
execution of the above mentioned project is going on, These details are discusses in the further
subchapters.
Figure 33: Flow chart showing value chain of water supply services
Source: SMC and CRIS analysis
7.1.1.1 Source
Water supply in SMC was first introduced in the year 1968, with the setting up of infiltration well (now
defunct) on the bank of river Mahananda and tube-wells in Ashrampara and Babupara as water source
and street taps were the outlet at consumer level.

The existing intake well is located at Fulbari, 9 km away from the city on canal water from Teesta
Barriage. The existing capacity of the intake well is 70 MLD. Due to unavailability of metering system
the capacity utilization for the intake-well cannot be established. Raw water transmission loss is
estimated at 1%.
7.1.1.2 Treatment
The water from the in-take well is pumped into the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) of design capacity
55.02 MLD, through 1100 mm diameter pipes. The WTP is 0.9 km away from the in-take well. The water
supplied to the WTP is metered through bulk meters. The design capacity of WTP is for serving a
population of 7.8-lacs, the treatment plant operates on partial capacity and final output is 48 MLD after
deducting a loss at WTP at an estimated of 8% as per discussions with the officials.
7.1.1.3 Storage
The treated water is then stored at the Clear Water Reservoir (CWR), through 900mm dia, located at
Fulbari and Jhankar. From the CWR, the water is then taken to GLR-I, at Shakti Garh, and GLR-II,
behind the Anandalok nursing home. Water is pumped twice a day, every day.
The treated water from the GLR is then pumped to 13 Elevated Storage Reservoirs (ESR) and Ground
Level Reservoirs. SMC is divided in to 11 administrative zones for water supply, which is catered by the
service reservoirs for water supply. Each zone and sub-zone has their reservoir for domestic water
supply. The total capacity of these reservoirs is about 18.2 ML.
Table 32: Water supply storage capacity in Siliguri
Reservoir Storage capacity

Sr. No
(ML)
1 Elevated service reservoir 11.2
2 Ground level service reservoir 7.0
Total storage capacity 18.2
Source: Water Supply Dept. PHED & Siliguri Municipal Corporation
7.1.1.4 Distribution
The total length of distribution network is about 418 km spread over in 9 zones. As per discussions with
officials, the distribution network approximately provides water to about 80% of the households within
its jurisdiction. About 210 km of distribution network is just 6 years old while the balance is more than
15 years old. The distribution network also contains AC pipes which are not recommended by CPHEEO
due to health reasons. The status of present water supply network is summarized in the Table 33 below:
Table 33: Distribution Network details
Type Zone-wise total

Distribution System Details Length length Average Age
Material (m)
(m)
Zone 1 AC 25406
28229
(Ashrampara) DI 2823 All AC pipes were
Zone 2 AC 22500 installed in 1964.
25000
(Jhanker) DI 2500 UPVC, HD, DI
Zone 3 AC 38883 pipes are of 1999.
43204
(Babupara) DI 4321
Zone 4 AC 39405 43783

Type Zone-wise total

Distribution System Details Length length Average Age
Material (m)
(m)
(Collegepara) DI 4378
Zone 5 AC 32158
35731
(Collegepara) DI 3573
Zone 6 AC 27993
31104
(Pradhannagar) DI 3111
Zone 7A HDPE/UPVC 28105
40150 06 Yrs
(Shaktigarh) DI 12045
Zone 7B HDPE/UPVC 19523
27890 06 Yrs
(Surya Sen College) DI 8367
Zone 8A HDPE/UPVC 31853
45504 06 Yrs
(Shibrampally) DI 13651
HDPE/UPVC 22482
Zone 8B
DI 11241 37470 06 Yrs
(Ghugumali)
AC 3747
HDPE/UPVC 21210
Zone 9A
DI 10605 35350 06 Yrs
(Eastern Bye Pass)
AC 3535
DPE/UPVC 14727
Zone 9B
DI 16363 24545 06 Yrs
(Don Bosco)
AC 2455
Total Length in all zones 417960
Source: Water Supply Division, PHED & SMC
The present water supply network was designed for the initial 30 wards under municipality to serve a
population of 2 lakhs approximately and then the supply rate was 135 lpcd. However, no augmentation
of the network was implemented, to serve the additional population of the added of 17 new wards. The
water supplied only for 2 hrs twice a day and is insufficient for users.
Household connections are made with GI pipe from 15mm to 25 mm size. There are about 1380 public
stand post in the city mainly for supply to slum areas. Free water connection has been provided to
government educational institutes. The water demand for industrial and big housing societies are not
catered by SMC water supply, though in the water supply guidelines, there is a provision for supplying
upon application by the consumer. The details of the domestic and commercial water connection are
given in the Table 34 below:
Table 34: Details of number of water connections in SMC
Sl Connection 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- Total Connection till

. s 08 09 10 11 12 date
i Domestic 1088 1796 2045 2358 3091 18,638
ii Commercial 15 8 15 12 13 205
Residential
iii cum 1 0 2 3 3 21
Commercial
Total
1104 1804 2062 2373 3107 18,864
Connections
Source: Water Supply Division, PHED, SMC
SMC also operates 10-11 water tankers which can be booked @ Rs. 300/- per tanker by any consumer.
These are in demand by households during ceremonies.

7.1.1.5 Water charges

SMC has already implemented nominal water charges based on the no. of connections. The rates have
remained same since initiation. The rates are as Table 35 below:
Table 35: Water connection charges
Consumer One-time connection charges

For Domestic Consumer:-
i) Upto 3000 sq. ft. covered area Rs.3,000.00
Above 3000 sq. ft. upto 4000 sq.
ii) Rs.4,000.00
ft.
Above 4000 sq. ft. upto 5000 sq.
iii) Rs.5,000.00
ft.
iv) Above 5000 sq. ft. covered area Rs.5,000.00 + Re.1.00 per sq. ft. additional area
For commercial Consumer:-
i) Hotel upto 20 beds Rs.15,000.00
ii) Hotel above 20 beds Rs.15,000.00 + Rs.1,000.00 per additional bed
iii) Nursing Home 20 beds Rs.10,000.00
Nursing Home above 20 beds Rs.10,000.00 + Rs.1,000.00 per additional bed
iv) Guest House 20 beds Rs.10,000.00
Guest House above 20 beds Rs.10,000.00 + Rs.500.00 per additional bed
Hall used for social and
v)
commercial purpose
Upto 5000 sq. ft. Rs.10,000.00
Above 5000 sq. ft. Rs.10,000.00 + Rs.2.00 per sq. ft for additional area
vi) Restaurant upto 1000 sq. ft. Rs.5,000.00
Restaurant above 1000 sq. ft. Rs.5,000.00 +@ Rs.2.00 per sq. ft for additional area
Rs.5,000.00 upto 2,000 sq. ft. + Rs.2.00 per sq. ft for
vii) Private schools
additional area
viii) Shops, garage, TV, Medical area, Computer counter etc. & Rs.2.00 sq. ft. of additional area
Clubs, Mandir, Masjid, Church Rs3,000.00 upto 1,000 sq. ft.& Rs2.00 per sq. ft. of
ix)
etc. additional area
Beauty parlor, Saloon, Laundry Rs.5,000.00 upto 2,000 sq.ft. and Rs2.00 per sq. ft. of
x)
Etc. additional area
In addition to connection charges, domestic consumers pay @1% and commercial consumers pay
@2% of connection charge as month charges to SMC. Residential flats having more than 5 nos. of
tenements also pay 2% of connection charge as monthly service charge. Payment is due after each
month end. Rebate for paying 6 months charges in advance is 5% Rebate for paying 12 months charges
in advance is 8%. There is also a late payment fee of 10% for each month of delay. The applicable
water charges are determined by the revenue inspector at the time of connection. The details of the
total collection water connection charge and water tax are given in the Table 36 below.

Table 36: Total collection from water supply by SMC
Details (Rs. In Lakhs) 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

Collection of water tax 38.66 44.41 52.21 51.43 63.62 56.91
Total water connection charges 58.13 101.97 117.25 137.21 167.92 168.50
Source: Water Supply, SMC
7.1.1.6 Operation and maintenance

The operation and maintenance ground work is executed by PHED while SMC pays the cost. There
are 1324 nos. of connections per staff. The complaints are generally of leakage and low pressure and
they are addressed in 24 hours in most cases. The complained are registered in the complaint register.
SMC needs to pay approximately Rs. 30-40 lakhs per month and electricity bill for O&M of the water
supply system. In the financial year 2012-13 an amount of Rs. 4.24 cr has been paid to WBSEDCL.
The age of the equipment increases the operating cost. The electricity consumption of the system is as
in the Table 37 and Table 38 below.
Table 37: Electricity consumption at pumping station – raw water main
Consumption month Raw Water Intake(Fulbari) WTP(Fulbari) Jhanker

April’13 204 KVA 595 KVA 527 KVA
May’13 213 KVA 595 KVA 529 KVA
June’13 213 KVA 595 KVA 527 KVA
July’13 212 KVA 595 KVA 527 KVA
August’13 200 KVA 595 KVA 527 KVA
Sep’13 199 KVA 1106 KVA 527 KVA
Oct’13 199 KVA 595 KVA 527 KVA
Table 38: Electricity consumption at pumping station – Pumping Station
Consumption month GLR 1(Shaktigarh) GLR 2(Paresh Nagar)

April’13 136 KVA 305 KVA
May’13 136 KVA 311 KVA
June’13 136 KVA 312 KVA
July’13 150 KVA 313 KVA
August’13 136 KVA 310 KVA
Sep’13 136 KVA 306 KVA
Oct’13 136 KVA 312 KVA

7.1.1.7 Finances
The details of the operating expenses and revenue generation from collection of the user charges are
maintained by the Finance & Accounts department under SMC. The billing system is partially
computerized. The involvement of the officials from the department in budget preparation is very limited.
The funds are allocated by the Finance & Accounts department for all construction and maintenance
works. The details of the total operating expenses of the Water Supply department are given in the
Table 39 below:
Table 39: Details of operating expenses on water supply under SMC
Amt.
Sr. No. Heads
(Rs. In Lakhs)
1 Establishment 13.44
2 Maintenance 419.89
3 Misc. 0.53
Grand Total 433.86
Source: Finance & Accounts Department, SMC
7.1.1.8 Service level indicators of water supply

As per the service level for the water supply coverage is 80%. Per capita supply of water is 95 LPCD
which is less as compared to the standard of 135 LPCD. There is no metering being done in the city for
the water connections, which is a major issue and city must look into it. Extent of NRW is not available.
Further service level indicators are listed in the Table 40 below:
Table 40: Service level indicators: Water Supply
S. No Indicator Value
Water Supply
1 Coverage of water supply connections (as per discussion) 80% approx
Per capita supply of water
2 95 lpcd
(48 MLD supply / 5.09 lakh population)
3 Extent of metering of water connections 0%
4 Extent of Non-Revenue Water NA
5 Continuity of water supply 2 Hour
6 Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints NA
7 Quality of water supplied NA
8 Cost recovery in water supply services (Rs 225 lakhs/ Rs 434 lakhs) 52%
9 Efficiency in collection of water supply related charges NA
Source: SMC

7.1.1.9 Running and proposed projects

SMC has initiated the water supply augmentation project to improve the existing water supply network
under the corporation. The initiatives taken by SMC are as follows:
Construction of two new OHR to serve the added zones of Zone-VIII A and Zone-X. The total project
cost is estimated to be Rs. 13.14 Cr. The project is funded by the State Government and the Siliguri
Municipal Corporation.
SMC in assistance with PHED, commissioned in 1999, a project to provide new household water supply
connections in the newly added wards from ward no. 31 to 44. The total project cost is Rs. 32.97 Cr
and is funded by USAID.
SMC is also in process to increase the amount of water supply. An alternative source has been identified
at Gajaldoba, 28 km from the city. Rough cost estimation is Rs. 176 cr. with Ph-I cost as per DPR is Rs.
30 cr. The proposed capacity of the in-take well is 125 MGD. The proposal has already been sent to
the State Government for approval and funding.
At present, there are 4 projects related to water supply in Siliguri including proposals:
 Comprehensive water supply scheme, phase I (in 2 stages in 2011 and 2021)
 It needs the Construction of 2 nos. CWR and Construction of 8 nos. OHR. Also it will include
the Pipe-laying and house/holding connections. Implementing agency will be PHED.
 House to house connection at wards no. 45 and 47 is being done by direct pumping as OHR is
yet to be commissioned. Rising main, distribution pipeline, inter-connection of rising main with
OHR of zone-VI (Pradhan Nagar are all completed.
 Construction of 472.1 ML capacity (14 days of raw water demand) storage pond. At present a
proposal for “manual excavation of proposed raw water storage pond” of capacity 231 ML at a
cost of Rs. 1.47 cr..
7.1.1.10 Alternative raw water source

Alternative source was proposed due to high and fast siltation of the existing source, especially due to
opening of barrage and during dry seasons and to reach the proposed 135 lpcd supply level as per
DPR. An expert committee consisting of Municipal Affairs dep. GoWB and SMC was constituted and
four options were presented. In July 2011, Option III, proposing an alternate source at Gajaldoba was
selected with a rough cost estimate of Rs. 176.59 lacs. In August 2011, it was broken up into two
phases, Ph-I for catering to the immediate need of water supply for SMC area including the en-route
villages and Ph-II as a long term measure for inclusion in the Vision 2030 for catering to the ultimate
water requirement in the SMC and adjoining areas. Accordingly, Ph-I DPR was prepared by PHE with
a cost estimate of Rs. 303.9477 cr. including 2% contingency and submitted to the MA Dept. However,
the project has not been initiated yet.
7.1.1.11 Water Supply Future Demand

The clear water demand has been calculated on the basis of per capita water supply demand (135
LPCD) and average water supply losses. As indicated in the Table 41 below, the water supply losses
is assumed to decrease from 35% in 2013 to 20% in 2041. Accordingly the per capita water supply has
been determined as 172 LPCD.

Table 41: Water Demand estimation
Indicator /year 2013 2021 2031 2041
Per capita Water Supply Demand 135 135 135 135
Water losses (%) 35% 30% 25% 20%
Per capita Water Demand – (LPCD+ losses) 182 176 169 162

Based on the per capita water supply demand, clear water demand has been forecasted on basis of
the population projections finalized in the demography section. Accordingly, the city would require
around 166 MLD of clear water by 2021, 205 MLD by 2031 and 253 MLD by 2041. The detailed gap
analysis has been discussed under the sector plans. The water supply demand projection for the design
year has been presented in the Table 42 below.
Table 42: Water supply demand projections
Year Water supply demand in MLD

2021 166
2031 205
2041 253
7.1.1.12 Institutional Framework for Water Supply System

As discussed in previous chapter SMC is in charge of water supply in SMC area. PHED is in charge of
execution of the running projects as well as operations and maintenance while SMC bears the cost for
the same. There are 1326 nos. of connections per staff.
The water supply department of SMC consists of the following staffs (Refer Table 43):
Table 43: Institutional Framework
Post Number of Employees Job Type

Assistant Engineer 01 person (Contractual)
Sub Assistant Engineer 01 person (Permanent)
Lower Div Clerk 01 person (Permanent)
Peon 01 nos (Permanent)
Mandays workers 14 persons (Temporary)
Source: SMC
7.1.2 Key Issues

 The per capita water supplied in the city limits is 95 lpcd as against the CPHEEO norm of 155
LPCD (including the fire demand and un accounted water).
 There is a current gap of 22 MLD in the quantity of water supplied in the city. This would further
expand to 46 MLD by 2021 and 114 MLD by 2041 in view of the water demand requirement for
these years.

 The present water drawl source requires frequent de-siltation due to rapid sand accumulation
on bed adding to the operational cost. In view of this, an alternative source is deemed as a
urgent requirement for over a decade.
 Rain water harvesting is considered to be imperative in view of the dependence on ground
water in the city.
 The existing treatment capacity is about 55 MLD while the desired treatment capacity is about
33 MLD in view of the present demand. Further, there is a need to augment 61 MLD of treatment
capacity by 2021 and 129 MLD treatment capacity by 2041.
 About 208 km of distribution network is just 6 years old while the balance is more than 15 years
old and needs to be refurbished.
 The cost recovery in water supply services is 52% due to high operating cost in water drawl
and low collection efficiency on water tax.
7.2 Sewerage and Sanitation

The city does not have 100% coverage of sewer lines. Also, the existing system is not organized as the
drainage flows into the Mahananda, Fuleshwari and Jorapani. Majority of the households lack
connectivity to the network and dispose the sewage into septic tanks.
The conservancy department is in charge of overall sewerage management. The system is
decentralized at ward level and each ward committee appoints safai karmachari or sanitary workers to
provide door to door service. SMC also deploys these workers for any septic tank cleaning request from
outside SMC for the same charge. The detailed assessment of the existing sewerage system includes
sewerage generation, sewerage network, treatment facility and sanitation system in the city is discussed
in the section below. Further, the section highlights the key issues in the sewerage and sanitation
system.
Figure 34: Flow chart showing value chain of sewerage services
Existing Sewerage System The sewerage and solid waste management in the corporation area is
governed under the Conservancy department. The five boroughs are in-charge for the provision and
maintenance of the services, as mentioned in the Act 2009. The Safai Karmacharis, appointed under
each ward committee provides the door-to door service for collection and maintenance of the sewerage
and solid waste management.
At present the city doesn’t have 100% sewerage network in place. Majority of the buildings have their
own septic tanks/cess pools. As per the survey conducted in 2008 for GIS mapping of the city, there
are total 87,000 septic tanks. The waste from the septic tanks is collected by the Safai Karmacharis
within 48 hrs of intimation by the users. SMC has also introduced Tatkal service for the cleaning of
septic tanks within 24 hrs of intimation. However, an extra change Rs. 1000 is collected from the user

for availing the tatkal service. The collected untreated waste is disposed in the dumping ground on
Eastern By-pass, located 1 km away from the city. At present SMC owns 5 cesspools emptier and 2
emptier are taken on rent. The service charges for cleaning the septic tanks are given below:
 Rs. 700 per 3000 liters per trip
 Rs. 300 per 3000 liters per trip for low-cost latrine, inside corporation area
 Rs. 200 per 3000 liters per trip for low-cost latrines outside corporation area and community
toilets.
The total cess pool collection by the borough for the year 2011-12 is given in the Table 44 below:
Table 44: Total Cess-pool collection for 2011-12
Borough Collection (in Rs) Total No. of trips

Borough I 6.04 909
Borough II 6.26 894
Borough III 12.92 965
Borough IV 8.11 1047
Borough V 9.76 1183
Total 42.37 4998
Source: Conservancy Department, SMC
7.2.1 Existing sanitation system

As per the present scenario 94% of the households have latrine facility within the premises. 61% of the
Households have connection to the Septic tanks while only 10% use the piped sewerage system facility.
To the households which do not have latrine within the premises, 2% use the public latrine facility while
4% go for open defecation which is a major concern. Kuchha Homes in “Slum” areas has common two-
pit Toilets for every 4-5 Houses, Each house has a family of 5 persons, so total 20-25 people sharing
the toilet. As shown in the figure below, tehse toilets are constructed along the water bodies and wet
lands.

Figure 35: Toilets constructed in wet lands in Siliguri
7.2.1.1 Service level indicators for sewerage system in Siliguri
Table 45: Service level indicators: Sewerage
S.
Indicator Value
No
1 Coverage of toilets (87000 septic tanks, as per 2008 survey)
2 Coverage of waste water network services At present the city
doesn’t have any
3 Collection efficiency of waste water network sewerage network in
4 Adequacy of waste water treatment capacity place. Each building has
its own septic tank. As
5 Quality of waste water treatment per the survey
conducted in 2008 for
6 Extent of reuse and recycling of waste water GIS mapping of the city,
there are total 87,000
Extent of cost recovery in waste water management septic tanks. The waste
Rs. 700 per 3000 liters per trip from the septic tanks is
collected by the Safai
7 Rs. 300 per 3000 liters per trip for low-cost latrine, inside corporation Karmacharis within 48
area hrs of intimation by the
Rs. 200 per 3000 liters per trip for low-cost latrines outside users. SMC has also
corporation area and community toilets. introduced Tatkal
service for the cleaning
8 Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints of septic tanks within 24
hrs of intimation.
9 Efficiency in collection of sewerage related charges

7.2.1.2 Future Sewage Generation

The sewage generation has been calculated with an assumption that 80% of the water supplied.
Accordingly, the sewage generation has been projected as 133 MLD for 2021; 164 MLD for 2031 and
202 MLD by 2041. The sewage generation projected for various horizon years has been presented in
the Table 46 below.
Table 46: Sewerage future generation
Year Sewage generation in MLD

2021 133
2031 164
2041 202
7.2.2 Key Issues

 The city does not have a sewage collection system. The households dispose the sewage into
cesspools or septic tanks construted within their premises.
 The city has about 87,000 septic tanks posing a threat to contamination of ground water.
 The open drains in the city also carry night soil.The sewage collected in open drains is being
disposed into Mahananda, Fuleshwari and Jorapani without being treated.
7.3 Solid Waste Management

Solid Waste Management is looked after by the Conservancy Department of SMC. It is executed in a
decentralized manner where each ward has its own ward level SWM committee (different from the ward
committee). This system was developed and made operational in 2005 by SMC after multiple case
studies and ground level surveys once “The Municipal Solid Waste (Management &Handling) Rules,
2000” came into being. Generation of solid waste is curtailed by banning plastic from the city. On World
Environment Day 2010, 5th June, SMC has banned plastic carry bags in Siliguri. Households and
commercial establishments are charged a monthly fee for door to door collection and this fee is utilised
for primary collection, street cleaning, transportation to and dumping at the disposal ground. At the
beginning, compost and plastic selling from the dumped waste also generated some income
7.4 Existing SWM System

Solid Waste Management is overseen by the Conservancy Department of SMC. Households and
commercial establishments are charged a monthly fee for door to door collection and this fee is utilized
for primary collection, street cleaning, transportation and dumping at the disposal ground.

Figure 36: Flow chart showing value chain of services in SWM services
Source: SMC and CRIS analysis
7.4.1 Waste generation

Siliguri is a rapidly growing city with a strong trade and commerce based economy. It is a gateway to
North East India and to Sikkim, Bhutan and Nepal. Every tourist to Sikkim needs to change mode of
travel at Siliguri. In addition, Siliguri draws a significant floating population for business and trade
activities. According to SMC, the daytime floating population is almost 2-3 lakhs every day, which is
40%-60% of Siliguri’s resident population. The generation of waste due to this is enormous. From 2005,
SMC has taken various steps to assess the ground level MSW scenario and measures to tackle it. The
data is available for over a period of time and format, not necessarily all compatible with each other.
The source of Municipal solid waste is detailed in the Table 47 below:
Table 47: Source of municipal solid waste except bio-medical waste in SMC
S. MSW generated
Source of waste
No. (TPD)
1 Domestic source 163
2 Marriage hall 18
3 Hotels 10
4 Markets 55
5 Commercial establishments 20
6 Street sweeping / drain silt 29
7 Hospital and nursing – all waste except bio-medical waste 5
Total 300
Source: A Status report on various schemes and projects of Siliguri Municipal Corporation, 2013
In March-2006 an “Implementation plan for MSW Collection & transportation Strategy for Siliguri” was
prepared SMC through IDFC with the funding of USAID-INDIA. This ground level study assessed the
then existing SWM techniques and proposed micro level measures of improvement in terms to
manpower distribution, length of street covered per sweeper with respect to the congestion and land
use of the neighborhood. The studies referred to in this report estimated the combined per capita
generation at 463gm/day. A subsequent report from around 2009 or 2010 from SMC estimates the solid
waste generated at 400 TPD in normal time and 450 TPD in the season of cauliflower, pineapple and
during festivals in this city of approx. 5 lakhs population. As per the discussion with SMC officials during

the time of preparation of CDP, this number was supported and was attributed to the additional daytime
floating population of 3-4 lakhs from neighboring states, especially Sikkim. A status report by SMC (upto
30.09.2013) estimates the same volume at 300-350 TPD. This aspect can be further investigated.
7.4.2 Operational Mechanism

The system is decentralized at ward level to cover household and smaller shops. Each ward is meant
to be self-sufficient in terms of solid waste management. The committees are to collect monthly
collection fees and provide daily house level collection, street sweeping, drain cleaning and consumer
complaint redressal services to the residents or shops of a certain ward. The transportation of solid
waste to the dumping ground is directly done by the conservancy department of SMC. City level solid
waste sources like markets, main roads, commercial establishment viz. hotels and eateries, hospitals
and nursing homes are under the direct collection and cleaning activities of the conservancy department
of SMC. As per the original mandate, waste was to be segregated at the household level and this was
very well implemented. Due to the collection of well segregated waste at household level, the number
of hired trucks was reduced from the initial 34 to 23.
7.4.3 Collection
The SWM mechanism of SMC is a completely decentralized method and the key to its success is the
efficiency of the ward committee. Up to 2008, the board of SMC was active and the ward level SMC
committees were highly motivated. At that stage, waste were segregated at almost all households and
the composting and recycling processes could pick up pace. The SWM committees had active
representatives as prescribed by the mandate. Presently, the committees comprise only of councilors
in many wards and participation has reduced. The efficiency of collectors has also reduced over time.
The monthly reporting from wards to boroughs to SMC is not followed regularly. Often a yearly report
is submitted and this makes maintenance of updated data difficult at SMC level. The borough officers
are only required for formalities with bank as they are joint holders of the account.
Garbage is collected from the following (Refer Table 48):
Table 48: SWM coverage area of Siliguri
S. Nos. a Status report of

Source Nos. as per 2009/2010 report
No. SMC (2013)
5,15,000 (Approximately,
as per census 2011)
5,00,000 (approximately)
+
1 Population +
2,00,000 - 3,00,000
1,00,000 (daily floating population)
(daily floating population as
per discussions)
83300
2 Holdings No data
(approx.)
3 House-holdings No data 114500
Markets 11(listed)
11 (listed)
(no separate charge But in effect 33
(Bidhan Market and D I fund market
4 received by Conservancy (SMC conservancy
is cleared by contract system
dept. Markets pay only department estimates
regularly)
the Market dept. of SMC) almost 100 markets)
5 Flats, Cinema Houses 8 No data
Bhavans (ceremony
6 No data 65
halls) and guest houses
7 Hospitals 4 including TB hospitals 3 govt. hospitals

S. Nos. a Status report of

Source Nos. as per 2009/2010 report
No. SMC (2013)
8 Nursing homes 33 35
9 Pathology labs 50-60 -
Bus terminus, regulated
markets (fish, vegetable,
10 200 -
fruit, potato, onion),
hotels, restaurants
14
11 Community latrine which has been constructed in -
Slums in different wards
10
12 Pay and use toilets -
(upcoming)
Burning Ghat (as per 1 no. under SMC
13 discussion with SMC No data 1 no. operated by Marwari
Conservancy Dept.) Yuba Sangha
14 Slaughter house No data none
15 Burial ground No data 1
For primary collection each block has one primary collector and one segregated tricycle that does
primary collection from households and commercial establishments. This set-up can cover 250-300
households per day. Every 2 or 3 blocks have one covered van in which the tricycles empty their waste.
Each cover van has two units joined together. Tractors carry 4 to 5 cover vans per day, carrying one
cover van (i.e. two units) per trip to the dumping ground at Dabgram 1 (not to be confused with Dabgram
near NJP station), near Don Bosco School (ref map). SMC has total 23 nos. tractors (7 owned and
operated by SMC staff and 16 hired @ Rs. 1,000/- rent per tractor per day for vehicle, fuel, labour and
maintenance) for this purpose. One collector per 2-3 block makes round during this primary collection
and in addition to collecting monthly charges from households gathers feedback. Available
Infrastructure for waste collection is as given in the Table 49 below:
Table 49: Infrastructure for waste collection
S. No Particulars Existing Number

1 Covered Vans 226
2 Dumper placers 4
3 Tricycles 320
4 Tractors 20
5 Dumper Trucks 60
Total number of vehicles 630

Each ward has 25-30 staff per ward for street sweeping and drain cleaning.
SMC has 45 nos. of dumper-placers on different main roads of the city which are cleared once a day.
Some of these locations are Hill Cart Road, Sevoke Road, Barddhaman Road, Bidhan Road, Bidhan
Market, Tenzing Norgay Bus Terminus area, D. I. Fund Market etc. In addition to ward level staff, SMC’s
conservancy department assigns 25-30 staff in each of these areas.
There are two cover vans (1 owned by SMC and another hired @ Rs. 1,800/- per day for similar services
as the tractors) for collecting waste from restaurants and hotels.

One covered one is dedicated for collecting wastes (other than bio-medical wastes) from hospitals and
nursing homes.
The waste collection in markets is not done at individual shop level. Similarly, for parks and other public
places, the maintenance team of the place dumps the waste at dumper-placers or at roadside and the
conservancy staff collects it from there.
7.4.4 Bio medical waste handling

Bio-medical waste is not handled by SMC. Entire operation from primary collection to treatment and
disposal is given to Greenzen Bio Pvt. Ltd. since 2008. The Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment
Facility is located at Mouza Binnaguri, the same Mouza where the new dumping ground of SMC is
located. However, following non-compliance of environmental regulations, WBPCB had fined the
operator September-2009 has renewed the license to operate after payment of penalty fees and
promise of compliance by the operator. The Assistant Environmental Engineer in charge of the Siliguri
Regional Office of PCB is in charge of monitoring of the operation.
Table 50: Increased monthly charges w.e.f January 2012
Increased monthly charges

Use Details w.e.f January 2012
(3-4 times hike)
Up to 10 rooms Rs. 500
Hotel Up to 20 rooms Rs. 1000
More than 20 rooms Rs 1500
Up to 20 beds Rs. 2000
Nursing home Up to 40 beds Rs. 3000
More than 40 beds Rs 5000
Small Rs. 300
Pathology Labs
Large Rs. 500
1 floor Rs. 1500
Marriage Hall
2 floors and above Rs. 2000
on main road Rs. 1000
Small restaurants, eating junctions
Other than main road Rs. 300
Sweet factory - Rs. 800
Stadia - Rs 1000
Social Events - Rs 30 per stall per day.
Source: SMC
7.4.5 Night conservancy

This has been introduced in congested areas viz. Hill Cart Road, Bidhan Road, Sevoke Road, Bidhan
Market area and is to be introduced at other congested places, viz. Naya Bajar, Khalpara, Vivekananda
Road, S. F. Road Bus terminus area and few other commercials areas.
7.4.6 Dumping and processing

Solid waste was never treated in SMC except in the period from 2008-2011 as mentioned above. At
present, the dumping ground capacity is almost full and it is under litigation due to health hazards to
neighboring areas. A new dumping ground of has been purchased by SMC at Putimari in Binnaguri
Mouja. The area of the dumping ground is 21.7 acres. The approach road and boundary wall has been
constructed but no dumping has started. This area is 12km by road from SMC office. (ref map).
Selection process for the operator of the solid waste processing plant in underway.

7.4.7 Cost Recovery

To mobilize this system, SMC had provided the wards with plastic buckets and the wards collected
funds by selling them to households. In addition SMC provided and provides cost of campaigns and
awareness programs (@ Rs. 5,000/- per programme) and health checkup camps. The regular operating
cost of the mechanism is borne by the wards as the wards are meant to be financially self-sufficient to
carry on this process.
SMC’s conservancy department provides them buckets i.e. dust bins (green and black for each
household) which are sold @ Rs. 25/- per pair and each household is required to purchase a pair. The
money from this sale is saved as fixed deposit in the ward level SWM committee’s bank account. The
cost of manpower, storage of tricycles, vans and cleaning equipment’s, periodical health checkup of
workers are recovered at the ward level from the collection fee. Each household irrespective of income
and commercial establishment (shop/office) pays a monthly fee of Rs. 10/-. Initially BPL households
were to pay Rs. 5/- but now a uniform fee is collected. There is no payment slab depending on the size
of the commercial establishment. Each ward is to send a monthly list of stock in hand for buckets and
financial statement to its Borough officer which is in turn submitted to SMC’s conservancy department
for a central data bank. Upon application, each ward receives a Rs. 1,000/- assistance from SMC as
rent of godowns. There is also a Rs. 300/- subsidy available per general block and Rs. 400/- per block
containing slum. These charges were earlier Rs. 200/- and Rs. 300/- respectively.
The city level areas likes markets etc. directly send their request for equipment to the borough offices
as and when needed.
The present dumping ground is located at Dabgram 1, between Don Bosco School and Eastern Bye-
Pass at the north of the city. Is site has been in use since 1949, when this locality was not inhabited but
now the locality is populated. At present the original 28 acre land has effectively reduced to 22 acres
due to encroachments and it is almost full. SMC charges Rs. 500/- per truck for dumping of waste at
the dumping ground.
At the beginning, revenue was earned from composting of waste at the dumping ground and resale of
plastic. In a PPP model, Hindustan Jiban Rasayan Organisation (HJRO) of Kanchrapara was given a
contract to produce manure from composting the segregated wasted in windrow method in a shed on
the same dumping ground. For the first three years no capital cost, electricity bill, water and labour
charges were to be borne by HJRO. After three years, electricity bill, rent for shed and a portion of
proceeds from sale of manure were to be given to SMC. This practice generated Rs. 147,300/- revenue
between 21.01.2008 and 18.11.2010. A balance sum of Rs. 174,600/- is due up to 08.02.2013. this
manure found an enthusiastic market in Siliguri with tea estates offering to purchase the entire produce
provided a test report of the manure were procured from Kalyani University. However, the manure
production has stopped in 2011 before this proposal materialised.
In addition to the Conservancy Department, the Environment Department of SMC carries out raids to
fine plastic bag users. The fine for consumer (shopper) is Rs. 50/- and for shopkeeper Rs. 500/-.
The renewal/issuance of trade licenses of commercial establishments and the license to operate for
hospitals and nursing homes are available only upon clearance of conservancy charges. These
establishments can receive a 5% discount (can be increased up to 10% upon application and
subsequent approval of the Mayor) upon submitting the charges for a year in advance.

7.4.8 Future Solid Waste Generation

For the purpose of SWM projection, the waste generated per capita for the current year has been
considered as 377 grams. Accordingly the average per day waste generation has been estimated as
300 tons and annual waste general as 1.09 lakh tons.
The per capita waste generation has been projected at 2.2% till 2021; further it has been projected at
1.9% till 2031 and 1.6% in the year 2041(Refer Table 51). Accordingly, the annual solid waste
generation has been calculated till 2041. Based on the solid waste generation estimates, the
infrastructure requirement for primary and secondary collection, transportation, landfill, and treatment
capacity has been estimated and the same has been discussed in the sector plans.
Table 51: Projected Solid Waste Generation
Per capita Waste Average per day Annual

Projected population
generation waste generation SW generation
Year (Figures in lakhs)
(in grams) (in tons) (in Metric Tons)
A
B A*B A*B*365
2013 7.96 377 300 1,09,500
2021 9.38 384 360 1,33,806
2031 11.64 391 455 1,68,791
2041 14.43 397 573 2,12,596
7.4.9 Institutional Framework for SWM

Solid Waste Management is overseen by the Conservancy Department of SMC. It is executed in a
decentralised manner where each ward has its own ward level SWM committee (different from the ward
committee). Each ward level SWM committee is a 10-member committee headed by the president who
is also the ward councilor. The other posts are secretaries, cashier and other members coming from all
the 4-5 blocks that comprise the ward. A bank account is opened and operated by the borough officer,
secretary and president or the borough officer, president and cashier.
The sweepers drain cleaners, primary collectors and collectors are employed by the SWM ward
committee. In addition to it, SMC’s conservancy department directly employs one supervisor per ward
who supervises all the primary collectors, street sweepers and drain cleaners.
SMC has prepared committee construction formats, monthly report of distribution of buckets, monthly
report on income and expenditures etc. as and when needed for this operation.
7.4.10 Key Issues

 The complete ward level control makes it impossible for SMC to interfere in wards which are
not performing well.
 The ward level performance needs to be improved. It has been declining in the last few years.
 The motivation and awareness of households to segregate waste needs to be increased.
Incentives and recognitions can be introduced.
 No penalty system is practiced other than that for violating plastic ban. There is no penalty or
separate incentive depending on the level of performance by wards. Penalty for littering and
non-payment of fees may be introduced.
 SMC can benefit from better awareness programmes, capacity building and better exposure
and experience sharing with other ULBs.

 Currently, solid waste is dumped in the dumping ground without any treatment creating
environmental nuisance in the near-by residential areas.
 There are no dustbins in the SMC area. The garbage is thrown on the streets and the drains,
chocking the drainage system resulting water logging problem especially in the monsoon.
 The number of covered vans for the collection and transportation of the solid waste is very less.
Uncovered Tri-cycle vans with bins are mostly used for carrying the solid waste, spilling the
solid waste on the roads while moving.
Image 1 Image 2
Collection from roadside vat SMC staff cleaning road at 10am in front of
Surya Sen Park
Image 3 Image 4
Newly built boundary wall at present dumping Upcoming residential flats next to present
ground dumping ground

Image 5 Image 6
General condition of roads in SMC area – interior General condition of roads in SMC area –
roads at Babupara interior roads at Babupara – Pradhan Nagar
Image 7 Image 8
Drain – interior roads at Babupara Garbage accumulated at an empty
lowland/water body – near Surya Sen Park

Image 9 Image 10
Clean road but riverbank littered with garbage – Garbage accumulated at an empty
below Mahananda bridge, Hill Cart Road lowland/water body – near Surya Sen Park
7.4.11 Proposals
The discussion with SMC officials revealed that a comprehensive collection to treatment service on
PPP mode is being considered by SMC. The status report proposes the following proposals given in
the Table 52 below:
Table 52: Interventions Identified By SMC
Cost
S.
Proposal Nos. (approx.)
No.
Rs. Lacs
Public Awareness regarding segregation of domestic waste at the
1 -
source by different NGOs
Night conservancy service to be introduced at main roads and Not
2 8.35
commercial areas by modernized mechanical equipment applicable
3 Hydraulic tippers 5 nos. (small) for the disposal of garbage 5 52.82
4 Hydraulic tippers 5 nos. (big) for the disposal of garbage 5 58.75
5 Pay loader (JCB) 5 nos. for the collection of garbage mechanically 5 100
Sewer Suction cum Jetting machine for the clearance of H/drain &
6 N.D. 35
Culvert
7 Refuse garbage collector (compactor)/Skip loader 10 138
8 Wheel barrow 250 14.5
9 Tri-cycle with Bin 100
40
10 Tri-cycle without bin 100
Not
11 Uniform, Identity card and Mask / gloves for conservancy staff 10
applicable
12 Cesspool (3000 l) 3 43.5
Source: Various status reports and discussion with SMC officials

7.5 Storm Water Drainage

The monsoon season in Siliguri starts from mid-June and lasts up to September. A large variation of
rainfall can be observed in the climate of Siliguri. The annual rainfall ranges from 2600mm to 4000 mm.
The average annual rainfall is 3274 mm. This is higher compared to West Bengal average as Siliguri is
located at the foothills of the Himalayas. Heavy rainfall occurs in the month of July and August; intense
rainfall up to 200 mm per day has been recorded in these periods in the past.
7.5.1 Existing Drainage System

The highest elevation in the city is 644m (2,113 ft) and the lowest elevation being 122m (400 ft). The
City topography divides the land area into two major parts. One part of the City drains into the
Mahananda River and other half into Jorapani & Fuleshwari Rivers. There are some low lying areas
within the watershed of Mahananda, Jorapani and Fuleshwari Rivers. The Fuleswari river acts as main
drainage canal of vast areas of Siliguri Municipal Areas and this has 4.5 K.M of length through Siliguri
Municipal area.
There are about 687 km of drains in SMC area, most of the drains run on both sides of the road and
only 2% are closed drains. Among the 687 km of drains, 87 km was constructed under Drainage
Scheme under UIDSSMT program. Only the last drain is yet to be completed. Due the construction of
new drains in SMC, earlier issues of long duration of water logging has mostly resolved. The water
accumulated after heavy rains usually drains within half an hour. The drains are discharged into the
river. The general slope of the region is towards south and south east with a varying height from 75m
to 300 m above sea level. Average slope is 3m per kms.
Coverage of drainage network
The drains run on both the side of the road and discharged into the river. Most of the drains are open.
Only 2% of the total drainage network is closed drains. The SMC has taken an initiative to increase the
number of drains within the corporation boundary as Drainage Scheme under UIDSSMT program. The
construction of 86,766 meter drains length in 42 wards has already been completed. However, the
proposed drain length was only 80,775 meters.
The service level indicators are as given in the Table 53 below
Table 53: Service level indicators: Storm water drainage
Storm Water Drainage Value

Coverage of storm water drainage network
83%
(Total length of drains – 687 km; Road length –825 km)
Many places in the city. Exact details not
Incidence of water logging/flooding
available
Source: SMC
Water logging areas
Central areas like Ashram Para, Punjabi Para, Hakim Para, Jantanagar etc. are some of the region
where water logging problem has occurred. Some areas in the northern region like Don Bosco Colony,
Jyoti Nagar are also some areas which experiences some problem during the monsoon season. The
water logging areas have been indicated in the map below.

Figure 37: Map – Water Logging Areas
Source: SMC

7.5.2 Key Issues

 Siliguri city does not have a separate storm water drainage network
 Water logging due to encroachment. Obstruction to the natural flow by encroaching sides of
the drains by construction of houses
 Encroachments both by poor and often other sections resulted not only constriction of waterway
but also problems of access for repair and maintenance activities
 Dumping of garbage, particularly plastics, causes serious reduction in waterways of main
drainage channels
 Open storm water drains, often blocked due garbage.
 Due to cutting of forests and depletion of green cover the top soil of the surrounding hills is
being eroded causing accumulation of silt in the rivers causing over flow and back flow of water
in residential and commercial areas.
 Increasing urbanization levels and absence of proper sewerage system is also leading to
disposal of waste water in drainage system
 Decrease in green areas i.e., parks and gardens and increase in built up areas has increased
the runoff inside the town.
 There is shortage of staff, engineers not been appointed.
 In the old city areas, space for construction of roadside drains is a major problem as 60% to
70% of the houses which do not have a sewer connection or a Septic tank are discharging their
toilet waste in to the existing drains, causing series environmental problems.
7.6 Street Light

Street lighting is required for two purposes. Firstly, street lights are regarded as important for personal
security – particularly by women who may be involved in shift work etc. Secondly street lighting is
intended to enable the road users (motorists, cyclists and pedestrians) to see accurately and easily the
carriageway and the immediate surroundings in the darkness. In city streets, therefore, there is a need
to illuminate the carriageway and its immediate surroundings so that the use of head- lights can be
avoided or minimized. A large no. of road accidents are caused in the night due to poor and
unsatisfactory street lighting.
 Improved visibility at night by means of artificial lighting improved personal safely and lessens
the strain on driving and ensures comfort and also speed of traffic improves with better lighting
and hence improve traffic flow conditions. Favorable headway and lateral placements vastly
improve the traffic movements and reduce accidents.
 The mounting height of the street light in general is 7.5 – 12.0 m for traffic routes. In general,
the spacing of street lightings should not exceed 55m and should preferably be 35-45 m on
important traffic routes. Generally it is 3 to 5 times the mounting height of light.
The street lighting within the corporation boundary is governed by the Electricity Department under
SMC. At present 767 km of road is served with street lighting. The monitoring of the street lights is done
by the ward supervisors, under the ward committee. The present status of the street-light in the
corporation area is given in the table below. As per the data provided by SMC the spacing between the
light poles is around 25 meters in the SMC area.
Table 54: Status of Street lighting in SMC
Sr.No. Description Street Lights

1. High Mast Lamps 75 (8 poles)

Sr.No. Description Street Lights

2. Mini high mast 273 (78 poles)
3. Metal halide 1206
4. LED 82
5. Sodium Vapour Lamps 718
6. Tube lights 16719
7. Others 5622
Total 24695
8. Total road length (km) 790
9. Road length served with street lights (km) 767
Installed automatic power on/off switches
10. 130
(no.)
Maintenance based on complaints
11. Maintenance frequency of street lights
received within 48 Hrs
Source: SMC

8. Traffic and transportation system

This section presents the assessment of the existing roads, traffic and transportation system in the city.
Further, the section provides the key observations, key issues and the institutional responsibility for
delivery of the services.
Siliguri city is strategically located in terms of connectivity of rest of to its North-Eastern states and to
the neighboring countries of Bhutan, Nepal and Bangladesh. The National Highways NH-31, NH-31A,
NH-31C and NH-55, and the State Highways SH-12 and SH-12A are the regional road connectors that
pass through the area. Broad gauge railway lines connect rest of India to Assam in the northeast region
and a meter gauge railway line connects Bihar to Assam and a narrow gauge heritage railway line
connecting Siliguri to Darjeeling traverse through the area.
8.1 Existing road infrastructure

Siliguri is the major urban center and there is convergence of all major modes of transport coming from
rest of India and going towards North-East, Sikkim and hills of Darjeeling. The National Highway 31
passes through the city and connects it to Delhi in the West and Guwahati in the East. District
headquarters like Darjeeling in the North, Jalpaiguri in the East and other district headquarters and
State capital Calcutta in the South are connected to Siliguri through State Highways. NH 31C connects
Gangtok in the North to the main highway and SH-12 connects Siliguri to Cooch-Behar.
Siliguri is an organically growing and unplanned city. The absence of road hierarchy is pronounced.
Siliguri’s particular location on the narrowest part of Indian land naturally limits the scope of city’s
boundary. There are strips of land on both sides of Sevoke road (north Siliguri) up to Manpong forest
and of NH-31 (Siliguri to Bagdogra road on West of Siliguri) up to Nepal and Bihar. Hence the city is
growing as a ribbon development along those lines.
8.1.1 Road hierarchy

The urban structure of Siliguri reflects a linear form, which has been formed by its road network. The
road network of the city is unorganized with more of intercity and local roads. Moreover, there is no
definite hierarchy of the road system with most of the city roads also serving the intercity traffic.
The road network of Siliguri is mostly North-South oriented, Hill Cart road being the most important
corridor along this direction followed by Burdwan road. The other important roads are Sevoke road and
Bidhan road in the city. NH 31 also passes through the city.
As per Siliguri CMP, about 4.4% of the road network consists of arterial roads, 3.2% sub-arterial roads
and 8.1% inter-city and additional highway corridors. Other roads comprise 84.3 % of the total road
network.
The carriageway classifications of road network shows that the maximum percentage (64%) of road
network is 1-2 lane undivided and the road surface condition of most of the network (51.3%) has been
observed to be poor.
Table 55: Length of Roads by Hierarchy
Type Length (km) %

Arterial 28.68 4.4
Sub arterial 20.85 3.2

Type Length (km) %

Sub arterial Collector 52.64 8.1
Local 547.81 84.3
Total 650 100
Source: Siliguri Comprehensive Mobility Plan, 2011
8.1.2 Important Junctions

Major junctions in Siliguri are Pani tanki more, Air view more, Sevoke more, Venus more, Thana more,
Check-post and Jalpai more. The traffic at certain junctions along Vivekananda road, Hill Cart road and
Station feeder road shows high percentage of slow moving traffic. The junction characteristics of some
of the major intersections in the city have been presented in the table below:
Table 56: Intersection No. of Arms & Its Control: Siliguri Municipal Area
Name of Junction No. of Control Entry Road V/C of the Major

Arms Arm
Darjeeling More 3 Signalized Kurseong Road 1.03
Mallaguri Crossing 1 Non Signalized Darjeeling Road 0.08
/Grade separated
Champasari More 4 Signalized Darjeeling More 1.09
Check Post More 4 Signalized Sevoke Road 0.77
Mahananda Bridge HC 3 Signalized Air View Road 1.13
Road
Wall Ford Road-Sevoke 3 Signalized Pani Tanki More 0.48
Road
Hyderpara Main Road 3 Non Signalized Wall Ford Road 0.75
Wall Ford Road - Bypass 2 Non Signalized New Jalpaiguri 0.69
Crossing
Pani Tanki More 4 Signalized Gangtok Road 0.81
Air View More 3 Signalized Nabin Sen Road 0.6
Sevoke More 2 Signalized Venus More 0.41
Venus More 1 Signalized Flyover 0.39
Jhankaar More 3 Signalized Vivekananda 0.75
Road
Jalpai More 2 Non Signalized Jalpaiguri Road 1.14
Thana More 4 Signalized Indoor Stadium 0.52
Ashighar More 1 Non Signalized Thakur Nagar 0.38
Source: CMP, Siliguri, 2011
8.2 Traffic characteristics

Traffic volume data has been taken from CMP report to understand the city networks and major
intersections. It is evident that Hill Cart road, carries relatively maximum volume, i.e., the average daily
traffic (ADT) between 47,639 PCUs and 83,828 PCUs and followed by Sevoke road which carries
volume between 42,937 and 54,150 PCUs.
The intensity of traffic volume varies from 83,828 PCUs (ADT) on Hill cart road to 16,900 PCUs at
Deshbandhupara road. The variation in traffic volume of various locations clearly establishes the
primary role of Hill Cart road, Sevoke road and Bidhan road as most of inter and intra city traffic tends
to converge on these roads from all other collector /local roads. The traffic intensity on various locations
indicates that the arterial road network of Siliguri comprises the above three roads along with Burdwan
road, Station Feeder road and DBC road.
Table 57: traffic volume on major roads of Siliguri
Peak hour
Road Section Total (PCU)
(PCU)
Bw Venus intersection and Sevoke
H.C. Road 47,639 5105
Intersection
Bw Sevoke intersection & Airview
H.C. Road 63,222 8738
intersection
Bw Air view intersection & Junction
H.C. Road 70,072 8226
intersection
Bw Darjeeling intersection &
H.C. Road 83,828 5478
Junction intersection
Bw Sevoke Intersection &
Sevoke Road 54,150 4671
Panitanki intersection
Bw Panitank intersection &
Sevoke Road 42,937 3647
Baktinagar intersection
NH 31 28,640 3427
Burdwan Road 34,500 2758
Bidhan Road 16,981 2549
Bw Venus intersection to
H. C. Road 38,256 6219
Mahabirsthan intersection
S F Road 33,560 2907
Katchari Road 31,442 3882
Bw Jalpai intersection and Tinbatti
SH 12 23,471 3163
intersection
Deshbandhupara 16,946 3028
Source: City Development Strategy for Siliguri, 2011

The peak hour traffic intensity pattern has also been observed to be similar to the traffic intensity pattern
for the day. The peak hour traffic ranges from nearly 9000 PCUs on hill cart road to 2700 PCUs at
Burdwan road. However, the proportion of peak hour traffic is observed to vary from 6.5% to 17.9%.
The peak hour on most of the locations was observed to be during morning hours. This can be attributed
to the external traffic which moves into Siliguri from neighboring areas during the morning hours in order
to reach around office hours and then moves out of the city as and when their work is finished.

Figure 38: Indicative traffic volume on major roads of Siliguri
Source: Siliguri CMP & CRIS

8.3 Composition of traffic

The composition of traffic shows that slow moving vehicles formed the maximum proportion of traffic on
almost all the locations. The composition of slow modes varied from as high as 85% on Station feeder
road to 31.5 % on NH-31C. The percentage of slow moving traffic is observed to be high on local and
collector roads indicating that they are the major modes of transport from the home end. The highest
volume of slow moving traffic was registered on Hill Cart road – 54,000 PCUs, which is 60% of its total
volume whereas the NH-31C carries a very high volume of goods vehicles. The percentage of fast and
goods traffic increases on the arterial network comprising Hill Cart road, Sevoke road and Bidhan road.
It is evident that many of the road stretches were over-utilized to the extent and carrying the traffic more
than capacity.
8.4 Growth of vehicles

Siliguri has shown high rate of population growth in the past six decades. Siliguri is the fastest growing
town of West Bengal with a decadal growth rate of 46 %.
However, as compared to its population growth rate, the growth rate of vehicles in Siliguri has been
even more stupendous. The registered number of vehicles in Siliguri over the period of 1996, 2004 and
2014 are shown in the table below. Over the period 1990-91 to 1995-96 the total vehicles have
increased at the rate of 188.4 % per annum. Similarly, the total vehicles in Siliguri has doubled from
42,482 in 1996 to 86,526 in 2004 showing a high growth of 194% per annum, while 2004 to 2014 it was
found to be 169% . However, the highest growth is seen in LMV and 2 wheelers which is 107% and
97.2% respectively.
Table 58: Number of Registered Vehicles
Year Total Number of Registered Vehicles

1996 42,482
2004 86,526
2014 1,46,261
Source: Siliguri CMP 2011

A comparison of population and vehicular growth rates clearly brings out the disparity in their growth.
In other words vehicles in Siliguri are growing at a much faster rate than the population. This trend is
expected to continue in the future as well.
8.5 Parking
According to the study done by RITES, the peak parking accumulation takes place between 10AM to
2PM in the morning/afternoon. This can be attributed to the large percentage of external traffic coming
to Siliguri from neighboring areas and gets parked on the major stretches. Also the traffic from Siliguri,
especially the tourist traffic moves out of the city during this period by taking various types of hired
modes parked on these roads.

Figure 39: Accident prone areas and on-street parking locations in Siliguri
\
Source: Google (Image), Siliguri CMP and CRIS analysis
The peak parking accumulation of buses takes place during the morning/afternoon hours from 10AM to
1PM. The two bus terminals on Bidhan road and Katchari road also generate a lot of demand for bus
parking and due to non-availability of proper parking facilities; they park on the road itself. There are no
dedicated parking places available in the city and most of the shop owners are parking their cars along
the road.
There is huge demand for truck parking in Siliguri city as trucks and other goods vehicles are parked in
discriminately along the arterial and local roads all over the city. The main concentration of truck parking
is in Khalpara area and along the Burdwan road. The peak parking accumulation of trucks generally
takes place during the afternoon period between 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. There is huge shortfall in the parking
supply, especially in the Khalpara area where trucks are parked on the road for long duration leading
to congestion on the road. Parking status is given in the table below:
Table 59: Parking Status of Siliguri
Parking Percentage
On- Street 70 %
Off- Street 30 %
8.6 Public Transport System

Public transportation system in Siliguri comprises of Mofusil buses as well as the city services. However,
other Intermediate Public Transport (IPT) modes (para transit) remain an important mode of transport
apart from the privately owned vehicles. There are limited city services plying on Siliguri roads. It is also
observed that Intermediate Public Transport (IPT) system plays a dominant role in meeting the need of
public transport. Auto rickshaws are negligible in the city. However, there is a dependence on cycle
rickshaws and minidors are also gaining popularity. This is due to less travel distances, easy availability
of cycle rickshaws and low fares. There are about 10,000 cycle rickshaws in SMC, out of which only
6000 is registered. And the number of minidors is also increasing and the present fleet size is around
600. The large fleet sizes of IPT modes has further declined the use of city buses and in some cases
intercity buses.
Modal Shares in Siliguri: The maximum number of trips is made by two-wheeler with mode share of
29% followed by IPT with 18%. Non motorized transport (cycle and Cycle riecksaw) share exlcuing walk
is 22%. Due to liner city the walking share is still nominal i.e. 18%. The graphical representation of
modal share presented in below figure.
Figure 40: Modal shares in Siliguri
Walk, 18%
Two Wheeler, 29%
Cycle , 14%
Bus, 7% Car, 6%
IPT, 18%
Cycle Rickshw, 8%
Source: Gangtok CMP,2012

According to MoUD urban transport benchmarking, Siliguri lacks efficient and accessible public
transport system throughout the area. The infrastructure available is inadequate and is inefficiently

operated. There is lack of route rationalization. Poor accessibility to bus stands, infrastructure facility
like regulated parking for cycle rickshaws, auto rickshaws, pedestrian footpath add to the problem.
Frequencies, condition of buses, travel time and level of comfort are also a concern for the system.
There are 4 major authorized bus terminals (Intercity) within the SMC limits which are listed below:
Table 60: Details of bus terminals in Siliguri
Bus terminal Details

Tenzing Norgey Bus Terminus, Tenzing Norgey Bus Terminus is the most important bus
SMC terminus of the town. The bus stand has parking capacity for
209 buses across various bus operators. Buses from this bus
stand are destined for areas outside SJPA – Kolkata,
Guwahati (Assam), Bihar and Jharkhand. The terminus is
adjacent to the Siliguri Junction railway station and accessible
by Hill Cart Road. Bus parking capacity has been found to be
inadequate during the peak hour period.
P. C. Mittal Bus Terminus, SMC This is a new bus terminus and is located at the outskirts of
the main Siliguri town. The Terminus is accessible by Sevoke
road and NH- 31. Buses from this terminus are mainly
destined towards the Doars.
The bus stand has parking capacity for only 40 buses and it is
found to be adequate. No parking facility around the terminus
is provided for other modes. Parking of two wheelers and IPTs
is done near the adjoining commercial complex area creating
congestion on Sevoke road.
Sikkim National Transport Bus Sikkim Nationalized Transport or SNT has its own small
Terminus, SMC terminus close to the Tenzing Norgay Bus Terminus and
Siliguri Junction Railway Station on Hill Cart road. Buses of
SNT ply form SMC to Gangtok at regular intervals. There are
no other public convenience facilities at the terminus.
North Bengal State Transport NBSTC bus terminal is used by government buses going
Corporation (NBSTC) Bus towards Kolkata, Mirik, Kalimpong, Guwahati, Darjeeling,
Terminal, SMC Berhampore and Malda. The bus terminal is located on the
Hill Cart Road with a close proximity to Tenzing Norgay Bus
Terminus and Sikkim National Transport Terminus. Other
private buses also ply form this bus stand.
The other authorized bus stands in Siliguri are Court More Bus Stand, Panitanki More, Air View Bus
Stand and Town Station Bus Terminus. Court More Bus Stand is the local bus stand of Siliguri. The
buses to Bagdogra, Naxalbari, Kharibari, Panitanki, Batasi and other places located to the west of the
Siliguri town are covered form this bus stand. The bus stand is located at Court More at the heart of
Siliguri Town leading to frequent congestion in the area.
There are about 550 (intercity) buses which are operated from thebus stands to different locations in
SJDA, in North Bengal, in West Bengal state and in surrounding states. However, the existing routing
pattern of city buses and the location of the city bus stand create serious traffic problems in the central
area of the town. About 800- 900 buses ply on Hill Cart Road everyday with an average of 8-9 buses
per minute. In addition, there is no different stand for mofusil buses and they operate from all the Bus
stands in the city. Also,the infrastructural facilities in the Bus terminals are also very poor. The prominent
IPT and Public Transportation (PT) routes have been marked in the figure below:
Figure 41: PT and IPT routes in Siliguri
Source: Siliguri CMP, 2011

8.7 Transit Oriented Development

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is a recent trend in creating vibrant, livable, compact, walk-able
communities around or along transit (rail/bus) systems to achieve a higher quality life by reducing car
dependency. TOD is defined as a high density, mixed use type of development close to transit services.
TOD is compact, mixed use development near new or existing public transportation infrastructure that
provides housing, employment, entertainment and civic functions within walking distance of transit. The
pedestrian-oriented design features of TODs encourage residents and workers to drive their cars less
and ride public transit more. A 500 m area around the transit station is considered a 5-minute walking
distance near transit stations.
Indian cities traditionally have high density and mixed use type of development. In such a context, TOD
might already be a reality in some form in Indian Cities.
8.7.1 Combination of Public Transport and Land use:

TOD is an integrated approach to land use and transport planning. The primary goal of transit-oriented
development is to shift the auto-centric realm of urban living to a transit-centric realm of urban living.
TOD is ideal for high capacity systems such as metro rail, monorail, high speed rail, regional rail systems
or high capacity bus based mass transit systems. The systems can be selected depending on the
current and future needs, geographical factors, funds availability, etc. Unfortunately, most of the Indian
cities Master Plans have not integrated the transport system plans into them.
8.7.2 TOD in India

TOD was implemented in most developing countries since the 80‟s but this emerging trend is slowly
catching up in India, with the advent of the Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) in the form of metro rail
services and high speed transit corridors.
In India, as of now Delhi has started looking towards TOD as a solution to its mobility and air quality
issues. The city recently prepared a TOD policy document regarding the development of Delhi metro
stations.
Cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Ahmedabad and Surat are already looking towards TOD. Medium size
cities like Visakhapatnam, Pimpri Chinchwad are also planning their transit (bus based) systems taking
into considerations of TOD.
8.7.3 Advantages
TOD has the potential to boost transit ridership and minimize the traffic impacts of the new transit
infrastructure by providing trip end land uses. The pedestrian oriented environment offers greater
mobility.
Transit helps in mitigating sprawl by increasing densities near the stations. It enables corridor
development in a city, making it easier to provide infrastructure. Also, transit investments are
economically viable as they have greater economic benefits in comparison to highway investments
8.7.4 Challenges
The availability of land is a crucial requisite for TOD development or redevelopment. In a green field
development, the volatile land market poses challenges of acquisition, land valuation, rehabilitation,
and compensation along with many other deterring factors. In a brownfield TOD, it is crucial to integrate

the existing structures, land use and road network. The R & R issues are more complex and number of
stakeholders is much more.
8.7.5 TOD possibilities in Siliguri city

The CMP of Siliguri has not much discussed about the Transit oriented development. The city aims at
developing a TOD policy to regulate and facilitate development. Location of various urban activities and
introduction of transport links has significant impact on the current urban form of the city. The urban
forms of Siliguri have been dictated by the developments along the major roads growing in Siliguri. The
planning of transport infrastructure would incorporate direction-oriented travel. New locations, which
can be focused for transit-oriented development, are NH-31, Sevoke and Hill cart road.
The success of TOD will depend on efficiency of public transportation and its connectivity with dedicated
corridors, conducive local conditions, development control regulations and proper coordination between
various stakeholders (transport authorities, urban development authorities and various Parastatals
agencies).

Figure 42: Thematic Transit Oriented Development for Siliguri
Source: CRIS

8.7.6 Freight terminals

There is huge demand for truck parking in Siliguri Municipal Area as trucks and other goods vehicles
are parked indiscriminately along the arterial and local roads all over the city. The main concentration
of truck parking is in Khalpara area and along the Burdwan road (along SH-12 A).
The Comprehensive Mobility Plan carried out Primary surveys to analyze the freight volume and its
share in total volume at peak hour at different turn count locations. As indicated in the table below, It
has been observed that Mallaguri crossing has the maximum share (63.4%) of freight traffic during peak
hours. It is expected that freight and passenger movement by road is going to rapidly increase in the
coming years. In particular, freight movement by road transport is expected to show robust growth over
the medium term due to a number of factors like substantial investment in improvement of existing
national highway which would facilitate speedy, reliable, door to door services, etc.
Turn Count Name Total PCU @ Freight Percentage

Peak Hr PCU
Darjeeling More 5,693 1,209 21.2

Mallaguri Crossing 243 154 63.4
Champasari More 4,560 1,107 24.3
Check Post More 4,250 1,359 32.0
Mahananda Bridge HC Rd 3,628 782 21.5
Wall Ford Rd-Sevoke Rd 3,188 625 21.2
Hyderpara Main Road 2,422 353 63.4
Wall Ford Rd - Bypass Crossing 1,600 489 24.3
Pani Tanki More 5,326 737 32.0
Air View More 4,895 797 21.6
Jhankaar More 3,580 1,155 30.6
Total 49,333 10,642 21.6
Source: Comprehensive Mobility Plan, Siliguri
There is huge shortfall in the organized truck parking in the form of integrated Freight terminals, etc. in
the city to streamline truck movement and associated activities. Particularly, in the Khalpara area, the
trucks are parked on the road for long duration leading to congestion on the road and delay in speeds.
Space management on the major roads by discontinuing irregular road-side parking and enforcement
of traffic regulations needs to be done at all places in Siliguri.
8.8 Key Issues

 Inadequate level of road network due to presence of activity location in the city core. (land use
transportation incompatibility)
 All the major arterial and sub arterial roads face congestion of traffic.
 A large number of road sections have v/c ratio exceeding 2.0, which will further increase in
future hence requiring network Improvement.
 Most of the intersections in the city are characterised by poor geometrics and ‘y shape’
which increases conflicts and is not conducive to smooth traffic movement.

 Inadequate infrastructure leads to limiting intracity travel mobility between east and west of
railway line
 There is a major problem of congestion and delay at Mahabirsthan junction when the train
passes.
 Wards 1 and 47 are isolated from the main city due to passing of railway line.
 In-efficient management of traffic for meeting the need of increasing number of slow moving
traffic particularly cycle rickshaws.
 The mixing of fast and slow moving vehicles causes congestion, reduces average journey
speeds and increases delay.
 The restriction of use of cycle rickshaws on main roads during peak hours is not being
followed.
 Traffic signalisation becomes largely ineffective due to large number of slow moving
vehicles.
 Inadequate parking facilities for increasing concentration of commercial establishments.
 There are no authorised parking plots or demarcated parking areas catering to commercial
areas.
 Haphazard parking all along the main roads increases congestion
 Lack of organized intracity public transport system.
 The buses (800-900 daily) plying on hill cart road contributes highly to causing congestion.
 An ineffective management of public transport modes and their routes result into an
inefficient system and contributes to traffic problems in the city.

9. Housing and urban poverty

This section provides a detailed overview of the existing housing scenario in the city in terms of housing
stock availability, housing quality, and housing requirement for the projected population. The future
housing growth scenario has been forecasted based on discussions with officials and stakeholders.
The section also explains the demographics, social profile, and coverage of key infrastructure services
in the urban poor area of the city, and the status of projects related to the urban poor.
9.1 Housing scenario in the city

The city is characterized by medium-rise and high-density housing in the core city and low-rise
moderate-density housing in the peripheral areas. The last decade has witnessed the development of
multi-rise residential and commercial structures along the Sevoke Road and organised layouts in the
northern and western parts of the city.
9.1.1 Present availability of housing stock

As per Census 2011, the city had 1.69 lakh census houses. Residential houses account for 66% of the
total houses in the city, followed by shops/offices with 19%. Factories/workshops/work sheds account
for 1% of the total houses, and remaining use accounts for 14% of the total houses.
A comparison of Census 2011 and Census 2001 data (refer Figure 43) shows that the number of houses
has increased by 0.72 lakhs at a rate of 42% in 2001-2011.
Figure 43: Housing stock growth
80.0%
68.8%
70.0% 66.2%
60.0% 2011 2001
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
16.3%
20.0%
14.8%
10.0% 7.3% 3.0% 6.4%

5.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.9% 0.5% 4.0%
2.6% 0.5% 0
0.3% 0.4% 0.2% 0.9% 0.5% 0.4%
0.0%
Total number Residence Residence Shop/ School/ Hotel/ Hospital/ Factory/ Place Other No. of occupied
of -cum- Office College etc. Lodge/ Dispensary etc. Workshop/ of non-residential locked census
vacant census other use Guest house Workshed etc. worship use houses
houses etc.

9.1.2 Quality of housing stock

As per Census 2011, the city had nearly 1.69 lakh census houses under residential and residential cum
other use categories. Of this, nearly 0.75 lakh houses (65%) were in a good condition, and around 0.35
lakh houses (30%) were in a liveable condition. Only 0.06 lakh houses (5%) were in a dilapidated
condition.
Table 61: Quality of housing in the city
Good Liveable Dilapidated Total
2001 2011 Change 2001 2011 Change 2001 2011 Change 2001 2011 Change
0.48 0.75 55% 0.38 0.35 -7% 0.11 0.06 -45% 0.97 1.16 19%

Thus, the number of dilapidated houses has decreased over the last decade, which indicates the focus
on housing sector over the last decade by respective departments.
Figure 44: Quality of housing
9.1.3 Future housing demand

To estimate the housing stock requirement for the next three decades, the following assumptions have
been made:
 Population projections as finalized in the demography section
 Household size is considered as 4.2 for the subsequent decades from 2021 to 2041;
 Residential and mix use would increase by 2% over the next three decades, and number of
dilapidated houses would reduce by 10%.
As indicated in the graph below, the total housing demand has been estimated as 1.26 lakhs for 2021,
1.65 lakhs for 203, and 2.10 lakhs for 2041. Taking into consideration the existing dilapidated housing,

the net demand or the overall housing gap has been assessed as 0.1 lakh for 2021; 0.5 lakh for 2031,
and 0.96 lakh for 2041.
Figure 45: Housing demand for future years
2.50
2.10
No. of Houses (in Lakh)
2.00
1.65
1.50 1.22 1.26

0.96
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.06 0.10
-
2011 2021 2031 2041
Housing Demand Housing Gap

Following table presents the housing demand gap assessment requirement in the city for the next three
decades.
Table 62: Housing demand assessment in Siliguri
Year 2011 2021 2031 2041
Population (in lakhs)

5.13 7.17 9.12 11.31
Household size
4.43 4.20 4.20 4.20
Total census houses (in lakhs)
1.69 1.71 2.17 2.69
Residential and mixed land use % 72% 74% 76% 78%
Residential housing stock (in lakhs) - Demand

1.22 1.26 1.65 2.10
Residential housing stock (in lakhs) – Gap
0.05 0.43 0.88
Dilapidated houses (%) 5.00 4.50 4.05 3.65
Residential housing stock - Dilapidated
buildings (in lakhs) 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08
Residential housing stock - Total (in lakhs) -
Gap 0.06 0.10 0.50 0.96

9.1.4 Overview of housing sector in the town

As per discussions with officials of the town planning section10, majority of the new housing layouts are
at the Sevoke Road and in NH-31 area. The connectivity and commercial development along the road
led to the development of housing projects in these areas. Potential areas for development of new
housing in the city are Uttarayan, Matigara (outside SMC area) and Prakash Nagar (along NH-31).
Figure 46: Future housing scenario in SMC area
Source: Google (Image) and CRIS
10
The data on HIG, MIG, and LIG housing is not available. Hence, a broad overview of the housing scenario has
been developed based on discussions with city officials.

9.2 Urban poverty and slums

As of 2013, 154 notified and 31 non-notified slums have been identified within the corporation boundary.
Due to absence of latest data, slums population has been considered from Census 2011. The
household size, compared to the 5 to 7 in general slums and 4.5 in SMC area.
9.2.1 Slum profile

Slums are located along the Mahananda, Fuleshwari, and Jorapani rivers, on railway lands, and in the
heart of the city near the railway station. Ineffective development control regulations have led to the
development of slums.
80% of the slum dwellers are migrants from Bihar, Assam, West Bengal, Bangladesh, and Nepal, and
69% of them have been staying in the city for more than 10 years in the city. Except for some slums on
railway land, all other slums are notified slums. 76% of the households live in kutcha houses, and 18.3%
live in semi-pucca houses.
Slum dwellers are mainly non-agricultural labourers, auto rickshaw drivers, rickshaw and van pullers,
vendors, and other informal sector workers, contributing significantly to the informal economy and
making the city competitive in the labour market. Generally, in slums, more than one person in the family
works in to meet daily requirements.
In Siliguri, the average earning persons per household is 1.3, and in 10% of the households, women
are the only earning member in the family. In spite of employment generation programmes, 20% of the
slum population is unemployed and 34% is underemployed.
A slum survey (as part of socio-economic survey) conducted by SMC revealed that the slum population
of SMC is 32% of the total population of 513,264 (as per Census 2011).
Table 63: Details of slums in Siliguri
Sr. No. Attribute Value

1 Total slums 185
2 Notified slums 154
3 Non-notified slums 31
4 Slum population 161,876
5 Share of slum population against total population 32%
6 Slum households 35,134
7 BPL households 22,898
Source: Urban Poverty Eradication cell, SJDA, Siliguri

Figure 47: Ward-wise slum population
3500
3000
Slum Population
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 18 19 20 23 24 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
Ward
Ward number 36 accounts for 9% (highest) of the total slum population in the city, while ward number
19, with 65 slum households, has the lowest slum population in the city.
9.2.2 Slum improvement (UPE cell)

SMC has a UPE cell, which overlooks the entire urban poverty alleviation programs other than IHSDP
projects. IHSDP activities were removed from the scope of the UPE cell 10 years ago and put under
the Public Works Department (PWD) of SMC. The cell oversees and implements mainly socio-economic
empowerment activities and some infrastructure building activities and covers all slum development
activities including RAY. The IHSDP cell executes corresponding projects as per the JNNURM
schemes.
Three centrally sponsored and state sponsored programmes including the National Slum Development
Programme (NSDP), Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Scheme (ILCS), and Valmiki Ambedkar Awas
Yojna (VAMBAY) are in operation for slum improvement in Siliguri city. These programmes are taken
up by the Urban Poverty Eradication Cell in SMC and implemented by community development
societies (CDS) in different wards. The details are as follows:
 ILCS is a very successful programme. Total 12,547 low-cost sanitation units have been
constructed under this scheme, and 80% of the slum dwellers have access to safe mode of
sanitation due to this programme;
 Total 881 families have benefited under the Shelter for Shelter less Scheme of NSDP;
 There is a discrepancy in the amount given and the number of beneficiaries under the Shelter
for Shelter less Scheme, which shows inappropriate distribution of funds and improper
implementation of the scheme.
Table 64: Details of slum improvement programmes
Sr. no. Attribute Value
1 Total no. of slums 154
2 Total slum population 161,876

Sr. no. Attribute Value
3 Total no. of CDSs formed (registered under Society Act) 15
4 Total no. of resident community volunteers 1216
Total no. of slum women who underwent skill development

5 2164
training
Total no. of women earning after training (Rs. 1500 to 3000 per
6 1650
month)

The USHA report on slums has been incorporated in the slum study. At present the surveys under RAY
are ongoing, and some data were updated in 2013.
The provision for formation of a poverty alleviation cell (UPE cell) and separate fund allocation for the
urban poor, has been inserted in the West Bengal Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Act, 2009. The
UPE cell conducts various vocational trainings in the slum areas. Currently, there are 15 CDSs for 33
wards in the city (as per the UPE cell, only 33 wards have slums). The projects are implemented through
SJDA by the UPE cell. The major initiatives taken are:
 Formation of SHGs under Swarna Jayanti Sahari Rojgar Yojana (SJSRY): At present, there are
955 SHGs, with 13 BPL women in each group. After 1 year of the formation of such groups,
Rs. 25,000 is assigned to each group as a revolving fund. Rs. 2,000 is given to each person as
a loan.
 STEP-UP: 6 months’ vocational training for women from BPL households. At present, 1,500
beneficiaries are being trained and 5500 more beneficiaries are approved for training. Training
is provided in computer operations, tailoring, beautician, paper bag (thonga) making, BPO call
centre training, etc. The beneficiaries are identified through CDS selection.
 Innovative Challenge Fund (ICF): This project has been implemented through KUSP. 35% of
the project cost for manufacturing spices and brooms is funded under the Urban Women Self-
Help Programme - SJSRY, to a group of 20 members.
 Urban Self-Employment Programme: Individual loans are disbursed and 25% subsidy is
provided on the total project cost.
Other than the above mentioned projects, the UPE cell has undertaken some engineering and
construction work in the slum areas. From 2009, 340 projects of approximately Rs. 10 crores have been
executed. These are mainly creation and repair of roads, drains, community structure, etc.
Table 65: Slum improvement programmes under different schemes
Name of programme Period/total
No. of thrift & credit groups formed 1008
Urban Self-Employment Programmes (No.) 18
Urban Women Self-Help Programme (No.) 1

Name of programme Period/total
Vocational training (STEP-UP) completed (men + women)-No. 2563
Vocational training (STEP-UP) to be started (No.) 2045
9.2.3 IHSDP
SMC has taken a major initiative for the up-gradation of basic infrastructural facilities in slums under
IHSDP funded by JNNURM. The total project cost is estimated to be Rs. 4314.46 lakhs. The funds will
be utilized for the construction of EWS housing and infrastructure such as roads, drains, toilets, water
supply, street lights, etc. The total number of beneficiaries under this project is 22,898 households
(BPL). The project is being implemented by the PWD (for the construction work), UPE cell, and urban
planning cell of SMC. The status of the project till 2013 is given in Table 66.
Table 66: Status of 3 pro-poor reforms till 2013, IHSDP Phase-I
Target
Sr
year of
. Pro-poor Status
completi
no reforms (Rs. lakh)
on (as
.
per MoA)
Total ULB Amount % Amoun
Financial %
fund - Own earmark earmar t
year utilized
source ed ked utilized
a) Internal 2008-09 2,090.21 525.06 25.12 371 71%

earmarking of 2009-10 2,144.06 583.40 27.21 426 73%
1 2011-12
funds for urban
poor 2010-11 2,555.08 643.37 25.18 437 68%
2011-12 2,371.73 593.90 25.04 534 90%
2012-13 3,037.51 776.05 25.55 -
Status (achievement)
Name of the service
Nos. %
Housing 5063 83%
Water Supply 17600 77%
Sanitation 14380 63%
Basic services
2 2011 -12 Solid Waste
to urban poor 16485 72%
Management
Primary education for 6-
14 yrs. (SSK, municipal
18550 81%
school, ICDS, GSFP,
etc.)
Healthcare 17586 77%
1. NOAPS

Target
Sr
year of
. Pro-poor Status
completi
no reforms (Rs. lakh)
on (as
.
per MoA)
2. NFBS
Social
security 3. JSY Universal coverage of eligible
(Insuran 4. IGNDOS beneficiaries
ce)
5. IGNWPS
For all public sector as well as joint venture housing projects,
Earmarking of at construction of EWS/LIG category houses has been made
least 20-25% of compulsory. For private sector, a suitable legislation would be
3 developed land 2011-12 enacted by the state government after due consultation with all
in housing stakeholders in the government as well as private sector after due
projects examination of the economic and commercial impact of such
legislation. ULBs follow the state policy.
Source: IHSDP cell, SMC
9.2.4 Self-help groups

Self-help groups formed under SJSRY are aimed at empowering women hailing from BPL families, by
providing those loans for income generation activities. SMC has taken several steps for the successful
implementation of the SJSRY scheme. Some of the self-help groups in Siliguri are involved in following
economic activities
 Tea leaves processing units;

 Poultry farm, dairy products, etc; and
 Cane works
9.2.5 Livelihood development and poverty alleviation plan

The ultimate objective of the poverty alleviation and livelihood development plan is to significantly
reduce urban poverty on a sustainable basis. The plan promotes sustainable human development and
elimination of human poverty and inequalities.
The plan is aimed at improving the quality of life, human wellbeing, and access to basic social services
of the poor people residing in SMC. Due to overcrowding and sharing of limited resource and space
available, slums are often viewed as pockets of misery.
The urban poor face problem of shelter, lack access to essential basic services, and lack of
opportunities to improve their lives. It is imperative to look at trends in urbanization and its effect on
these issues. Apart from ward-level stakeholder consultations, detailed discussions were conducted at
the zonal level with all formal groups residing/working in the area and informal groups residing in the
area.
The livelihood development and poverty alleviation plan was prepared under the guidance of the UPE
cell, DPG, and DTG with active support from the Ward Committee, councillors, resident community
volunteers, CDSs, and officials of SMC.
Objectives of livelihood development and poverty alleviation plan:
The livelihood development and poverty alleviation plan of SMC, a component of the DDP, refers to the
organisational, operational, coverage, and delivery aspect of all the existing government schemes in
the corporation area which address poverty and livelihood issues. It also refers to the issue of exclusion
which the migrant, marginalized, and informal settlers have to face, on a day-to-day basis.
Development objectives that SMC seeks to achieve through the livelihood development and poverty
alleviation plan, are as follows:
 Make sustained efforts in conformity with the desired goal to achieve 'growth with service'
towards rationalising inequalities of income distribution and attain a social structure free from
exploitation;
 Strengthen the existing institutional and community infrastructure, such as CDS, NHC, and
NHG, under the centrally sponsored SJSRY scheme and combat poverty by prioritizing
development of women and welfare of children and other socially disadvantaged and distressed
people, with the overriding priority being child labourers struggling for their existence;
 Fully utilize employment generation schemes and schemes for minorities
Government Plans/Schemes
 Strengthening existing institutional structures in the ULB created by various government plans
and programmes such as SJSRY, Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme
(PMEGP), youth welfare schemes, and schemes for minority communities
 Strengthening the existing community structures, viz., CDS, NHC, NHG, etc., and increasing
the coverage, reach, and network of these structures
 Providing sustainable livelihood opportunities for the urban poor by identifying innovative micro
enterprise opportunities for self-help groups in the ULB
 Improving operational transparency of all schemes for poverty alleviation
 Non Plan/Other Initiatives:
 Planning livelihood programmes for the homeless, shelter-less squatters, and informal settlers
who do not receive benefits from the existing government schemes/programmes
 Participatory planning for managing livelihood development initiatives in slums/squatters and
informal groups
 Partnering with organisations to facilitate growth in wage employment in the ULB
9.2.6 Key concerns

 32% of the houses are in a poor condition (wards 1-4, 10, 44, and 45 along the River
Mahananda, wards 6 and 15–19 in the core area, and wards 21, 25, 26, and 36-38) threat to
health & hygiene in turn provoking attack of epidemics (93% of the slum population has no
access to safe garbage disposal and 83% has no access to safe drinking water);
 Due to unaffordable housing and rents, most of the migrants prefer to squat (35% of the total
population live in slums);
 People living in wards 1, 4, and 5 along the River Mahananda, wards 6 and 8 in the core area
and in the added wards 31-47, lack access to basic services.
 Slum dwellers are not having much awareness regarding health and hygiene
 The corporation does not document slum-specific information on access to infrastructural
services.
 Though SMC has institutionalised UPE cell, its effectiveness in slum up-gradation initiatives is
uncertain.
 There is a common two-pit toilet for every 4-5 houses in the slum areas. Each house has a
family of 5 persons, so total 20-25 people share a toilet.
 A few toilets are built on top ofopen sewer lines and discharge waste directly into the river.
 Cesspools in slums are not maintained and often overflow into open drains.

10. Baseline environment: urban environment and

disaster management
The chapter would describe the major sources of pollution in the city. Further, the chapter shall describe
the various inherent issues of the urban environment. The detailed overview of the existing water
bodies, green cover has been provided. Moreover, the vulnerability of the city has been discussed.
10.1 Pollution level in the city

Siliguri city is the most urbanised city in the district and witnessed huge volume of traffic. Traffic is one
of the major contributors to the pollution in the city. Further, the city lacks safe disposal facility of the
sewage and municipal solid waste. This is affecting the ground and surface water quality in the city.
10.1.1 Ambient air quality

The major cause for the air pollution is the heavy vehicular traffic movement, especially along the major
roads in Siliguri. Hill cart road, Sevoke road, Bidhan road and Bardhaman road are the corridors with
more air pollution. The air monitoring data given, shows a high value of SPM near TN Bus stand and
SNT Bus Stand, this is due to the fact that the average speed of the vehicles is very low due to frequent
congestion and waiting passenger vehicles producing high quantity of hydrocarbons. The SO2 emission
values can be attributed to the use of high Sulphur fuel by the industries. Traces of air pollution are also
high near the truck terminal along the Vivekananda road and near the Bagdogra market due to heavy
vehicular traffic. The Air Quality is as in the Table 67 below
Table 67 : Air quality in SIliguri
Oxides of
SO2 Emissions Nitrogen SPM RSPM
Region/Year Emissions
(µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3)
(µg/m3)
Siliguri 28 59 47 24
National Standard
90 91 180-360 200
(CPCB)
Source: Weste Bengal Pollution Control Board report, 2008
10.1.2 Noise Pollution

Noise is notified as pollutant under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. Although stringent
permissible noise level regulation norms have been set by the CPCB, noise levels exceed these limits
almost everywhere in the city.
The noise levels, along the heavy vehicular traffic roads such as Hill cart Road, Sevoke Road, Bidhan
road and Bardhaman road are significantly higher than the residential and other areas. The areas of
high noise pollution significant quantum of high frequency noise is contributed by a large number of
rickshaw honking the horns, the sound level ranging between 70 - 80 dBA, in the SMC area. The sound
level along the major roads varies between 80 to 90 dBA, whereas in the residential area it is within the
recommended limits of 65 dBA. The noise pollution increases by a large amount during the Puja festival
due to loudspeakers in the Puja Pandols.

The coming up of industries within SMC area is also a major cause for Pollution.The WBPCB in 2001
has classified Industrial and other establishments in to Red, Orange and Green categories on the basis
of the type of industries and the type of pollution they create. Out of total 264 industries 30 % of the
total industries are red category industries. It is evident that pollution risks in the CBD area are high
because of preponderance of red and orange units in its close vicinity such as Bidhan market,
Subashpally and Burdwan Road. The high pollution zone extends north-westward across the
Mahananda through Pradhan Nagar and the Champasari area, and also northeastward towards
Salugara along Sevoke Road, passing through Wards 44, 43, 41 and 42. All liquid effluents from these
extreme ward locations are presently rechanneled by the Mahananda back into the main city and further
below it to the Fulbari waterworks from where the city now draws its main water supply.
10.1.3 Water Pollution

Water pollution is one of the major threat to the Siliguri city Mahananda, Jorapani and Fuleshwari rivers
are the major water bodies of the Siliguri city and is in degraded state. The status of the DO, BOD and
Fecal Colifor is as given in the Table 68 below:
Table 68: DO,BOD and Fecal Colifor Presence in Water
Fecal Colifor
Dissolved Bio Chemical Oxygen
(M Count Mpn)
Rivers/Streams Oxygen Demand
Desirable =1000
Mg/L (30mg/L) At 270 C
Permissible= 1000
Mahanada 4.2-3.2 10-25 10427
Jorapani 2.25 60 -
Fuleshwari 4.3-3.0 0.9-70 1050
Source: Report on quality of water in Siliguri, 2008
10.1.3.1 Sources of pollution
The sources of pollution of Mahananda River and other major streams in the city are as given below.
 Domestic sewage generated from residential areas, commercial areas, hotels discharging into
the river;
 Small scale industries of various types i.e. tea processing and packaging, saw mills, small
tanneries, motor repairing shops, etc. generating waste water and discharged into the common
drains;
 Solid waste disposed to the river bank and river bed;
 Effluent and solid waste from hospital, nursing home, pathological laboratories and Doctor’s
private chambers;
 Cattle excreta from the cattle sheds along the Mahananda river bank (Gurung Basti) and
discharged into the river through drain from the cattle pound at Bappupar, Salbari and Jyoti
Nagar;
 Open burning of dead bodies on the bank of river at Ramghat;
 Open outdoor defecation on river bank and river bed at slum areas along the river and streams
; and
 Soil erosion at upper stretches and bank erosion at stretches passes across Siliguri Municipal
Corporation area.

 One of the major causes for the water pollution is the direct discharge of untreated waste
effluents to these rivers.
Figure 48: Untreated waste directly discharged into the river.
10.2 Disaster proneness assessment of the City

Siliguri falls under seismic zone-IV. It is prone to earthquakes and tremor between 6.5 -7.0 on Rector
Scale. This is evident from past events of earthquake and the local perception. The other aspects like
epidemics and floods are secondary in the city.
According to Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Programme (GSHAP) data, the state of Siliguri falls
in a region of high seismic hazard (seismic zone IV). Historically, this region has experienced seismic
activity in the magnitude 4.0-6.0 range.The history of earth quakes in Siliguri has been presented in the
table below:
S.No Date of occurance Location of epicenter Description

Magnitude 6.1; tremors felt in
1 19th November, 1980 Gangtok area, Sikkim
Siliguri.
Magnitude 6.1, Siliguri
Kanchenjunga Conservation experienced strongest tremors
2 18th September, 2011
Area, Sikkim resuting in power outages and
human casuality.
Magnitude 4.9, experience
Area between the capital,
tremors, partial damage to
3 25th April, 2015 Kathmandu, and the city of
structure and one human
Pokhara
casuality reported.
Source: National Disaster Risk Reduction Portal, West Bengal

Figure 49: Seismic zonation map of West Bengal
Source: West Bengal Disaster Management Department, 2014
10.3 Disaster mitigation and management in Siliguri

Disaster Management is a collective term encompassing all aspects of planning for and responding to
disaster including both pre and post disaster activities, it may refer to the management of both the risks
and consequence of disaster (Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, 2001)
Among the various natural hazards, earthquakes are considered to be the most catastrophic one and
reducing its disastrous impact is most difficult due to its unpredictability and its severity. The impact of
earthquake hazards becomes more severe in urban areas as compared to rural areas due to population
concentration, varying built-up environment and concentrated economies.

Experiences reveal that till now, in India, the efforts to mitigate the disasters relies only on structural
and engineering measures. As far as town planning is concerned, till now, its main role is recognized
only in the post disaster situation in terms of reconstruction and rehabilitation. Its role in a pre-disaster
situation i.e. for disaster mitigation is not realized.
Disaster mitigation measures:
The Disaster Management Act (DMA) 2005 provides the legal and institutional framework for disaster
management in India at the national, state and district levels. In like with the DMA – 2005, the West
Bengal state government prepared the Disaster Management Plan in 2014 with state and district level
measures. The earth quake specific disaster mitigation measures as stipulated in the state disaster
management plan have been indicated in the table below:
Table 69: Disaster mitigation measures
Task Activity Responsibility

 Department of Disaster
 To undertake micro zonation  Management/West Bengal
study according to priority area State Disaster Management
Microzonation
 To provide or make available Authority (WBSDMA);
seismic micro zonation  Science & Technology
Department and IIT Kharagpur
 Construction of missing roads
 Department of Disaster
and bridges in cyclone prone
Management;
years
Strengthening  Relief Commissioner;
 Strengthening/repair of
of  Department of Forest;
existing roads and bridges in
infrastructure  Department of Environment;
cyclone prone years.
and
 Strengthening of dams and
 Irrigation Department.
canals.
 Indian Meteorological
 Strengthening and up Department;
gradation of forecasting  Department of Disaster
Forecasting
system Management;
and Warning
 Establishment of dissemination  Relief Commissioner;
system and infrastructure  Department of Fishery and
 Coast Guard
 Develop multi-hazard IEC  Department of Disaster
(Information, education and Management;
communication)material for  Relief Commissioner;
Publication & Distribution  Department of Fire &
 Media campaign for Emergency Services;
 awareness generation in general  Department of Civil Defense;
Capacity Building
public  Department of Information &
 Organize training programmes, Cultural Affairs;
seminars and workshops  Department of Education;
 Include disaster related topics in  Department of Finance and
curriculum Municipality & Urban
 Encourage disaster insurance Development Department.

Task Activity Responsibility

 Encourage favorable taxation /
incentive
 Departments of Urban
Development, Municipal Affairs,
 Legal framework for Land-use Panchayat & Rural
Land-use Planning planning and zoning regulations development, Disaster
and Zoning to be reviewed. Management Urban
regulations  Zoning regulations to be Development , Municipal
enforced. Affairs, Panchayat & Rural
development, Disaster
Management.
Source: West Bengal Disaster Management Plan, 2014
Key issues
 Increasing informal settlement along ecologically sensitive areas such as River fronts of
Mahananda, Jorapani and Fuleshwari rivers with inadequate urban basic services including Solid
waste lead to water pollution;
 Increasing noise levels and ambient air quality levels within city limits due to presence of polluting
industries and vehicular growth; and
 Lack of adequate provisioning in Development Control Regulations for ensuring earthquake
resistant buildings.

11. Climate change and sustainable development

For centuries, human activities have released large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
gases into the atmosphere. The majority of greenhouse gases come from burning fossil fuels to produce
energy, heating houses, and transportation purpose. Deforestation, industrial processes, and some
agricultural practices also emit gases into the atmosphere. This has led to Climate change which is
refers to any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time.11 In
other words, the climate change includes major changes in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns,
among other effects, that occur over several decades or longer. Various evident impacts of the ongoing
climate change at broad level are as follows;
 Rise in global average temperature near Earth's surface.
 Change in the monsoon pattern.
 Change in the pattern of wind.
 Increase in incidents of natural calamities such as floods, droughts, earthquake, severe heat
waves, cyclones, etc.
 Effect on agriculture yields
 Melting of ice and rise in sea level, etc.
The impacts of the climate change are evident from the past incidents around the countries and
presents challenges for the societies and environment. Thus, planning to mitigate the impact of climate
change and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases is becoming more important for sustenance of
our present societies and to save for future generation. This is possible by adopting sustainable and
low carbon emission development measures.
11.1 Climate change and cities

As per the International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) 5th assessment report, the cities across the
world, due to their rapid population growth and large-scale developmental and economic investments,
are at high risk to the impacts of climate change. Most of the rapid growth will take place in the urban
areas of Asia and Africa. In view of this, the cities should focus on developing adaptation capacity
towards the climate variability.
India’s cities are characterized by high density of population, housing stock, and poor infrastructure,
which make them all the more vulnerable to climate change. Given that the most valued infrastructure
is usually located in cities, the economic and social costs of climate change will be much higher in cities.
For example, cities house valuable communications infrastructure as they do physical infrastructure
such as buildings, roads, bridges, and flyovers. Hence, any climate change impacts in the form of
damage will be quite expensive. Climate change impacts the physical assets used within cities for
economic production, the costs of raw materials and inputs to economic production, the subsequent
costs to businesses, and thus output and competitiveness.
11
Definition of Climate change is adapted as described by United states Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Web link –
“http://www.epa.gov/climate change/basics/”

11.2 Learning from the past

Extreme climate events are expected to become more frequent as a result of climate change. The
climate extremes can have devastating effects on human societies. The effects of climate change are
expected to have substantial impacts on our human settlements and our development trajectory. Priority
health research areas for different risk factors resulting from climate change are presented in the
following Table 70.
Table 70: Risk factors
Risk factors Health effects Priority focus areas

Climate related diseases
Temperature, humidity,
Vector borne diseases transmission dynamics,
precipitation
improved surveillance
Precipitation, water Climate and water related
Water borne diseases
Temperature diseases
Combined effects of climate
Local air pollution and stagnant Air pollution related health
factors and air pollution,
air masses effects
weather related allergens
Improved prediction, warming
Extreme heat or cold Temperature related illness
and response
Source: Climate change and human health, WHO

Also, Climate conditions affect the water availability and quality, the timings and intensity of rainfall can
affect the transport of the disease causing organisms into the water supply, particularly in lower income
areas and slum pockets.
As per the IRAD12 Siliguri is prone to hazards like Heavy Rain, cold wave and flash flood and in the
vulnerability matrix it marks Siliguri with Landslides too in the natural hazard section.
11.3 Twelfth five year plan and climate change

The Twelfth Five Year Plan of India which analysis the past growth trends and builds the foundation for
the upcoming goals that needs to be achieved in various important growth sectors, visualises the
impacts of the Climate Change and emphasis on bringing in a sustainable approach in development in
various sectors in all the ways possible.
It emphasises that “The Plan must also focus on other priorities such as resource-use efficiency and
technology to ensure sustainability of natural resources, adaptation to climate change and
improvements in total factor productivity.” 13
In major challenges and priorities during the Twelfth Five Year Plan it has been mentioned that apart
from major challenges like shrinking land base, dwindling water resources, shortage of farm labour and
increasing cost of uncertainties associated with volatility in international markets, the adverse impact of
Climate Change will be one of the major challenges that nation has to fight with.
Due to the Climate Change the uncertainty in the Farm Income will get broaden up as the last 2 years
of the eleventh five year plan has noticed warmest temperature than ever.
12 Report on Climate Resilient Urban Development: Vulnerability Profiles of 20 Indian Cities.

13
Twelfth Five Year Plan
It says that “there must be plans to demonstrate site-specific technology packages on farmers’ fields
for adapting to current climate risks and to enhance the capacity of scientists and other stakeholders in
climate resilient agricultural research and its application.”
Sectors like livestock, fisheries, horticulture, food grains & oil seeds have to follow up the specific plans
and programmes proposed to fight the adverse effects of climate change.
A major new mission that will be launched during the Twelfth Plan is the National Mission for Sustainable
Agriculture (NMSA). Conceived originally as part of the National Action Plan on Climate Change
(NAPCC), this aims at transforming Indian Agriculture into a climate-resilient production system through
adoption and mitigation of appropriate measures in the domains of both crops and animal husbandry.
It also denotes that in order to reduce the climate change impacts India must not only reduce import
dependency but also cut short its fossil fuel utilization and should fetch more option in generating power
from clean and renewable sources.
The plan adds that the inclusion of favourable technology in E-Governance, E-Learning, E-Security and
E-Industries can help us cutting the demand of energy and help India in adding to the adverse effects
of climate change.
11.4 National action plan on climate change

On June 30, 2008, the plan identifies eight core “national missions” running through 2017 and directs
ministries to submit detailed implementation plans to the Prime Minister’s Council on Climate Change
by December 2008.
Emphasizing the overriding priority of maintaining high economic growth rates to raise living standards,
the plan “identifies measures that promote our development objectives while also yielding co-benefits
for addressing climate change effectively.” It says these national measures would be more successful
with assistance from developed countries, and pledges that India’s per capita greenhouse gas
emissions “will at no point exceed that of developed countries even as we pursue our development
objectives” 14
National Missions
National Solar Mission: National action plan on climate change (NAPCC) aims to promote the
development and use of solar energy for power generation and other uses with the ultimate objective
of making solar competitive with fossil-based energy options. The plan includes:
 Specific goals for increasing use of solar thermal technologies in urban areas, industry, and
commercial establishments;
 A goal of increasing production of photovoltaic to 1000 MW/year; and
 A goal of deploying at least 1000 MW of solar thermal power generation.
Other objectives include the establishment of a solar research centre, increased international
collaboration on technology development, strengthening of domestic manufacturing capacity,
and increased government funding and international support.
National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency: Current initiatives are expected to yield savings of
10,000 MW by 2012. Building on the Energy Conservation Act 2001, the plan recommends:
14 National Action Plan for Climate Change Document.

 Mandating specific energy consumption decreases in large energy-consuming industries, with

a system for companies to trade energy-savings certificates;
 Energy incentives, including reduced taxes on energy-efficient appliances; and
 Financing for public-private partnerships to reduce energy consumption through demand-side
management programs in the municipal, buildings and agricultural sectors.
National Mission on Sustainable Habitat: To promote energy efficiency as a core component of urban
planning, the plan calls for:
 Extending the existing Energy Conservation Building Code;
 A greater emphasis on urban waste management and recycling, including power production
from waste;
 Strengthening the enforcement of automotive fuel economy standards and using pricing
measures to encourage the purchase of efficient vehicles; and
 Incentives for the use of public transportation.
National Water Mission: With water scarcity projected to worsen as a result of climate change, the plan
sets a goal of a 20% improvement in water use efficiency through pricing and other measures.
National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem: The plan aims to conserve biodiversity,
forest cover, and other ecological values in the Himalayan region, where glaciers that are a major source
of India’s water supply are projected to recede as a result of global warming.
National Mission for a “Green India”: Goals include the afforestation of 6 million hectares of degraded
forest lands and expanding forest cover from 23% to 33% of India’s territory.
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture: The plan aims to support climate adaptation in agriculture
through the development of climate-resilient crops, expansion of weather insurance mechanisms, and
agricultural practices.
National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change: To gain a better understanding of climate
science, impacts and challenges, the plan envisions a new Climate Science Research Fund, improved
climate modelling, and increased international collaboration. It also encourage private sector initiatives
to develop adaptation and mitigation technologies through venture capital funds.
Other Programs
 The NAPCC also describes other on-going initiatives, including:

 Power Generation: The government is mandating the retirement of inefficient coal-fired power
plants and supporting the research and development of IGCC and supercritical technologies.
 Renewable Energy: Under the Electricity Act 2003 and the National Tariff Policy 2006, the
central and the state electricity regulatory commissions must purchase a certain percentage of
grid-based power from renewable sources.
 Energy Efficiency: Under the Energy Conservation Act 2001, large energy-consuming
industries are required to undertake energy audits and an energy labeling program for
appliances has been introduced.
Implementation
Ministries with lead responsibility for each of the missions are directed to develop objectives,
implementation strategies, timelines, and monitoring and evaluation criteria, to be submitted to the
Prime Minister’s Council on Climate Change. The Council will also be responsible for periodically
reviewing and reporting on each mission’s progress. To be able to quantify progress, appropriate
indicators and methodologies will be developed to assess both avoided emissions and adaptation
benefits.
11.5 Urban heat island analysis for Siliguri

The urban heat island (UHI) is a phenomenon due to which the pattern of temperatures is higher in
urban areas than in the surrounding areas. The major concern related to the UHI is air pollution. Higher
temperatures increase ozone (O3) pollution, because elevated temperatures can trigger the chemical
reactions that form ozone.
As per the existing land cover analysis of SMC, 74% of land is under developed area and 26% of land
is under undeveloped area (green cover and water bodies) in the core city. Similarly, 37% of land is
under developed area and 63% of land is under undeveloped area in the newly merged areas.
Although a detailed study on micro temperatures has not been carried out, broadly, the central Siliguri
area experiences relatively more temperature due to high dense developments. This is followed by
medium dense zone with water bodies and green cover. The peripheral areas have low density and
experience relatively lesser temperatures.
11.6 Siliguri’s climate change resilience

Siliguri has a strong physical resilience in terms of good connectivity of roads and availability of water
and electricity. Social resilience can be measured in terms of the availability of the health and
educational services. Economic resilience is analyzed on the basics of the employment pattern and
affordability of the citizens.
Figure 50: Siliguri Climate Resilience
Parameter Raking Description

 Except for parts of Old Siliguri, urban slum pockets and
newly merged areas, the city has good connectivity
with other towns as well.
 Siliguri city lacks a good public transport system as a
result the Para transit modes are used by public on the
shared basics.
 All the citizens have access to the electricity which is
available for the most part of the day. However, break
up for emergency services is not made.
Physical resilience Low  Due to the horizontal growth pattern of the city, the city
is growing in a linear pattern. This could be a drawback
as the important agricultural and forest land gets
engulfed in this process.
 Hygienic conditions provided to most of the citizens
 Fair solid waste collection system with about half of the
waste collected. City needs to revive in terms of door
to door collection system and segregation at source.
 Various parts of the city are vulnerable to the natural
disaster like the Flood and Land Slides.
 The city has fairly good literacy rate of 74% which is
almost equal to the national’s average.
Social resilience Medium  36% of the city’s population is living in urban slums.
 In whole district there are total 200 various medical
facility centers are available.

Parameter Raking Description

 56% of the population is engaged in tertiary sector
activities.
 Job opportunities have grown. This is attracting the
Economic resilience Medium
population of the educated class in the city.
 The presence of water throughout the year makes it a
fairly good area for crops production.
 The disaster management policies are made at state
and district level.
Institutional  ULB is dependent on external support in times of
Low
resilience disaster for mitigating the impact post event.
 Further, the city lacks contingency planning framework
for unforeseen events.
 Natural hazards like floods, flash floods, landslides etc
are occasional.
 State Policy to Mitigate the Climatic Changes and its ill
Natural Resilience Low
effects has been built as West Bengal Action Plan for
Climate Change.
 ULB lacks a Disaster Management Cell.
Source: CRIS
11.7 Recommended adaptation strategies

 The City lacks a good Public Transport System which acts as a backbone for the Sustainable
Development Strategies for any city. Due to the lack of good and efficient Public Transport
System the dependency on private modes increases which can be very dangerous as the city
has limited available road space. Hence an efficient public transport system should be installed
in the city.
 Being a tourist city and economic centre of the region, there are many autos and taxis plying in
the city. So introduction of CNG would reduce the carbon emissions.
 Internalize climate change and disaster management in the strategies and processes of
resource and asset management and their maintenance, and in general development planning
in order that these may become sustainable, equitable and inclusive.
 Conservation and protection of resources like air, land, water, forests, energy and biodiversity,
combined with a planned shift to a low or no-carbon economy; maximize uses of renewables
for energy production and improving of energy efficiencies at all levels - generation,
transmission, distribution and end uses.
 Capacity building for meeting new challenges of climate change and disasters which would,
among other things, imply training of manpower (governmental and non- governmental),
launching broad-based awareness programmes, sensitizing all sections of people including
students, taking on board communities, institutions, youth groups, women, voluntary
organizations and media, and raising both preparedness and response levels.
 The city must incorporate the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) in its
development strategies.
 Stress should be given on energy conservation in building construction industries and for
governmental and Hotel buildings so that the energy could be saved.
 Climate resilient agriculture should be followed to deviate the harmful effects of the climate
change.

12. Cultural resources, heritage and tourism

Cultural resources mean historic and cultural significance of the city. The cultural resources include the
tangible heritage in terms of built environment including the monuments, public buildings, and historic
areas, and open spaces of social, ecological, and historical importance. Integrated tourism and culture
development would benefit the local economy as well. The chapter presents an overview of the built
heritage, fairs and festivals, and tourism scenario in the city.
12.1 Historical importance of the city

Siliguri is described as the gateway to the North East of India. The strategic location of the city makes
it a base for essential supplies to the region. Siliguri has gradually developed as a profitable centre for
a variety of businesses. As a central hub, many national companies and organizations have set up their
offices in Siliguri. 4 "T" s – tea, timber, tourism, and transport – are the main businesses of Siliguri.
The original village of Siliguri was to the south of Saktigarh Colony. The area is under Jalpaiguri district
and Rajganj police station. Much more important was Phansidawa bandor (port). The government
activity was mostly conducted from the area where the Haskhoa Tea Estate is located now.
The Siliguri settlement started initially with the tea plantation and a junction station to change over to
the Toy train for Darjeeling on 14th July 1881. It was in the year 1878 that Mr Franklin Prestage (at that
time Agent of the Eastern Bengal Railway Company) put up a proposal with a detailed scheme to the
Government of Bengal for laying a train line from Siliguri to Darjeeling. Sir Ashley Eden, the Lieutenant
Governor, appointed a committee to examine the project. This committee reported that the project was
feasible and would be of great advantage to the government and public and was accepted in 1879.
The construction started that very year, and by 1880, the railway line had reached Tindharia. Later that
year, the line was completed until Kurseong. By July 1881, it was opened for traffic right through to
Darjeeling. The name given to the railway line was "Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Company."
The area was covered with deep forests, inhabited by tiger, leopard, elephant, deer, reptiles, and birds.
The names of the places like Bagdogra, Hatighisha in the region are the testimony of the same.
12.2 Existing tourist locations

Tourism industry of Siliguri is flourishing day by day. Darjeeling, the "Queen of Hill Stations," receives
a large number of domestic and foreign tourists. The tourists going to Sikkim also pass through Siliguri,
and this is an important component of the local economy. In the coming years, tourism is expected to
further contribute to Siliguri's development.
Siliguri's greatest power is the beauty of its nature. The town is surrounded by natural resources – river,
hills, and forests – which enhance the scenic beauty of the town. Apart from that the city has surrounded
with few tourist attractions including Coronation bridge, Mahananda wildlife sanctuary, ISKCON temple,
Hong Kong market, etc. Some of the tourist destinations in and around Siliguri are:
12.2.1 Coronation bridge

Coronation Bridge was constructed in 1930. Coronation Bridge is still considered among the best
architectural wonders in the country. The bridge was built by the British to link West Bengal to North
East India. The bridge is built over the River Teesta and extends from Salugara till Kalihora. The bridge
is located about 20 km from Siliguri and gives us magnificent views of the River Teesta below and high
green mountains on both sides.
Figure 51: Coronation Bridge
Source: CRIS, 2015
Figure 52: Tourist locations nearby Siliguri

12.2.2 Madhuban Park

Madhuban Park is located northern outskirts of the city of Siliguri. The park is about 10 km from the
town center, and on the road that leads to the hill station of Darjeeling. The park hosts animals such as
rabbits, deer and peacocks.
Figure 53: Madhuban Park
12.2.3 Mahananda wild life reserve

Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India. It comes under
the Darjeeling Wildlife division and can be reached from Siliguri in 30 minutes. Sukna, the gateway to
the sanctuary, is only 13 km from Siliguri and 28 km from the Bagdogra airport. The sanctuary is spread
over an area of 159 sq.km of reserve forest and was started as a game sanctuary in 1955. In 1959, it
was given the status of a sanctuary to protect the Indian bison and royal Bengal tiger, which were facing
the threat of extinction.
12.2.4 Kali Mandir

Kali Mandir of Siliguri is a prominent temple for Hindus, which is located near Sevoke. The temple is
said to be the abode of Goddess Kali. The temple is visited not only by the locals but also by pilgrims
from adjacent areas as well. However, it is most famous among newlyweds, who come here to attain
blessings of Goddess Kali for happy married life.

12.2.5 ISKCON Temple

The International Society for Krishna Consciousness temple, more popularly known as ISKCON
Temple, is one of the important places of interest in Siliguri. Located at Gital Para, ISKCON Temple
Road, the temple is characterized by purity, calmness, and magnificent beauty. Also known as Hare
Krishna Movement, ISKCON temple in the city is the biggest Krishna centre in the whole of the
Northeast India. Completely dedicated to Lord Krishna, the temple attracts thousands of devotees from
all over the country. An embodiment of peace and beauty, the temple enshrines Radha Madhav idol
and an image of Lord Krishna with Radha.
Figure 54: ISKCON Temple, Siliguri
12.2.6 Salugara Monastery

The Great International Tashi Gomang Stupa in Salugara Monastery is about 6 km from Siliguri, West
Bengal, India. It comprises a one hundred foot stupa, which was founded by Kalu Rinpoche, a Tibetan
Lama. It contains five types of artefacts, and is maintained by the Drodon Kunchab Chodey Buddhist
Association.
12.2.7 Mirik
Mirik is a scenic hill station, which has in the recent years, has become a known destination in West
Bengal. Mirik is located about 55 Km from Siliguri. The main attraction of this charming hill station is a
centrally located natural lake called Sumendu Lake. Tourists can indulge in boating and fishing in the
lake, which is about 1 km long. While boating, the tourists can enjoy the views of wonderful green hills
that surround the lake from all sides. Mirik is an important pilgrimage destination with the honoured
Hindu temple of Sangla Devi on the western side of the lake. This hill station is dotted with many apple
orchards and tea gardens.
12.2.8 Surya Sen Park

The Surya Sen Park is a park in Mahakal Pally, Siliguri. The park is positioned in the midst of well-laid
green lawns and beautiful fountains. During evening and night, colourful lights all along the park grab

attention. Besides, a statue of the renowned freedom fighter, Surya Sen is erected in the middle of the
park, after whom the park is named. The park also provides awareness about alternative energy
sources to the visitors with the help of an exhibition.
Figure 55: Local attractions in and around Siliguri city
Source: Google (Image), CRIS
12.2.9 Bidhan and Hong Kong Market

Bidhan market is in the heart of the Siliguri city bounded by Bidhan road, Savok road, and Hillcart road.
Daily market, new market, and Hong Kong market are located within the Bidhan market. Hong Kong
market holds importance for local people as well as for the tourists who visit the city for its cheaper
foreign goods. The total number of shops in the market is 550. These shops sell foreign goods like
electronics, cosmetics, and clothes and give employment to 1,375 persons. Hong Kong Market, on Hill
Cart Road, deals especially in imported goods, which are brought usually from the Chinese market as
well as from places like Nepal and Thailand.
12.3 Eco-Tourism around Siliguri

The state government planning to set up an eco-tourism board to project the state as a major tourist
destination. As part of the proposal, few eco-tourism spots have been identified around Siliguri region.

Sylee, situated around 62 km from Siliguri, is adjacent to Sylee tea garden and surrounded by hills, a
river and greenery, making it an excellent tourist spot. Activities like trekking, bird watching and jungle
safari can be an added attraction for the tourists.
At Kunjanagar, around 105 km from Siliguri and close to the Jaldapara wildlife sanctuary, visitors can
get a panoramic view of the area's natural beauty.
12.4 Tourist arrival

Tourism is an important economic activity of hill areas of Darjeeling District generating incomes and
employment for the local population. Darjeeling receives around 3.5 lakhs domestic tourists15 and
50,000 foreign tourists per year that generates near 30% of total tourism business of the region worth
around Rs 350 crore per annum.
Darjeeling district is famous for its beautiful Tea Gardens spread far and wide having immense potential
for tourism. The concept of 'Tea Tourism' should be explored for tourism purposes
12.5 Fairs and Festivals

Durga puja in Siliguri is the main festival, the celebration of which is done with great enthusiasm and
excitement all over the city, which falls in the month of September-October. This festival is held for
about 4-5 days during which a lot of attraction is towards the idols of Goddess Durga. The Baishaki
Mela in Siliguri is among the melas held since a long time. During the winter seasons, fashion shows
lasting for a week are held. Musical shows and concerts are common from mid-October to mid-
December which local clubs organize.
12.6 Key Issues relating to Heritage and Tourism

Several complexities are associated with conservation of heritage structures in Siliguri. Based on field
studies, public consultations and discussions, the following issues have been identified:
 Untapped tourism potential: More than 90% tourists visit Siliguri for recreation. Siliguri has
untapped tourism potential in the sectors of ecotourism, cultural tourism, health tourism and
adventure tourism;
 Lack of initiatives for high-end tourism: The tourism infrastructure in Siliguri is addressed largely
to middle and lower income groups which is justified. As Siliguri is also emerging as a
destination for cultural, nature and adventure tourism and with the new tourism policy of GoWB,
there is a need to develop accommodation facilities for high-end tourists;
 Lack of private sector investment: Although there has been a steep rise in the number of hotels
and other public facilities in the last two decades, there is an immense scope for undertaking
projects with PPP to develop accommodation facilities, especially high-end tourism facilities,
specialized transport facilities during fairs, sanitation facilities, etc.;
 Lack of adequate sanitation facilities: The system needs to be upgraded to support a sudden
increase in pilgrims during special occasions. Siliguri requires more public toilets and effective
mechanisms for waste collection and disposal;
 Lack of public interface to guide the tourists: There is no central authorized information centre
that can provide information on various tourist attractions and facilities to the tourists. Also, such
a centre could be entrusted with the responsibility of registration of tourists, thus providing for
an authentic database on the number of tourists.
15
Darjeeling District Information Sheet, 2013

13. Assessment of institutions, systems and

capacities
This chapter would briefly elaborate on the urban governance status in SMC, role of SMC and
parastatals in service delivery, status of human resources along with the trainings and requirements,
and key issues in the urban governance.
13.1 Existing Status

The Siliguri Municipality was established in 1949. Till 1994 Siliguri Municipality had 30 wards under it.
After the declaration of Siliguri Municipal Corporation in 1994, 17 new wards are added under its
Jurisdiction. Siliguri is a unique city as 14 out of 47 wards of Siliguri Municipal Corporation falls in
neighboring Jalpaiguri district.
Siliguri Municipal Corporation follows the West Bengal Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Act 2009
for the functioning of the corporation.
As per the West Bengal Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Act 2009, the municipal authority consists
of the Corporation, the Mayor-In-Council (MIC) and the Mayor. The elected wing governs the planning
of the area, whereas the administrative wing is responsible for implementation of the plans.
Unlike other ULBs in the country, in West Bengal, the administrative wing in the state is governed by
the elected wing of the corporation. As per Section 10 (1) of the Act, the Board of Councilors, selected
by the Mayor from the elected members, are charged with the authority of the Municipal Government
of the Corporation. The political structure of the corporation is given below:
Figure 56: Political Wing of SMC
Source: SMC

As per the West Bengal Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Act 2009, a group of wards are
administered by the Borough Committee. Each borough consists of minimum 6 contiguous wards. The
chairman of the borough is elected by the ward councilors, of the wards under that borough. The
borough governs the civic services to their respective wards. In Siliguri Municipal Corporation, 47 wards
are divided in to 5 Borough as follows:
Table 71: Borough-wise ward distribution details
BOROUGH WARDS TOTAL
NO. – I 1, 2, 3 ,4, 5, 45, 46, 47 08 WARDS

NO. – II 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 10 WARDS
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
NO. – III 10 WARDS
24, 28
25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,
NO. – IV 10 W ARDS
34,35
36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43,
NO. – V 09 WARDS
44
Source: SMC
Each ward is further governed by the ward committees, with the ward councilor as the Chairman of the
committee. Other than the above mentioned committee, functioning of the corporation is also
supervised by the Leader of Opposition, Municipal Accounts Committee and Standing Committees.
Each ward councilors can be member of maximum two standing committees. The following Standing
Committees has been proposed in the Act 2009:
a) Finance & resource Mobilization Standing Committee
b) Solid Waste Management Standing Committee
c) Water Supply, Public Health and Sanitation Standing Committee
d) Public Works Standing Committee
e) Health Education and Urban Poverty Alleviation Standing Committee
The Municipal Commissioner acts as the principal Executive officer of the corporation under the
supervision of the Mayor. The administrative wing of the corporation is given below:

Figure 57: Administrative Wing of SMC
Source: SMC
13.2 Functions of ULB

The 18 functionaries listed under 12th Schedule of the 74th CAA and the responsible authority structure
is described below:
Table 72: Functions of Different Authorities
S. No Functionary Authority
1 Urban Planning including town planning Town Planning Cell, SMC

2 Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings Building Department, SMC
3 Planning for economic and social development SMC
4 Roads and Bridges PWD & SJDA
City Water Supply
5 Water supply- domestic, industrial and commercial
Department, SMC
Conservancy Environment
6 Public health, sanitation, conservancy and SWM
SMC
7 Fire Services
SMC (Partly)

S. No Functionary Authority
8 Urban Forestry, protection of environment and ecology
SMC (Partly)
Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections society
9 UPE Cell, SMC
including the handicaps and mentally retarded
10 Slum improvement and up gradation UPE Cell, SMC
11 Urban Poverty alleviation UPE Cell, SMC
Provision of urban amenities and facilities- Parks,
12 PWD
gardens and playgrounds
13 Promotion of cultural, educational and esthetic aspects Education & Culture, SMC
Burials and Burial Grounds, cremations and cremation
14 Not Available
grounds and electric crematoriums
15 Cattle pounds, prevention of cruelty to animals Not available
16 Vital statistics including registration of birth and deaths Birth & Death, SMC
Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots,
17 Electricity Department, PWD
bus stops and public conveyances
18 Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries Not available
Source: SMC
13.3 Assessment of Human Resource

As per the Draft Development Plan prepared by SMC, there are 622 staffs working against 685 posts
sanctioned for the SMC.
Table 73: Detailed Sanctioned cadre in SMC
Total No.
Department Designation Responsibility
of Staff
P. A to Mayor, Head
Clerk, Addl. Head Clerk,
P. A. to Commissioner,
OSD (Legal), Clerk,
Clerk-cum-Typist, Various general administration work of
General
108 Urban Planner, IT SMC. Guest House, Store & Staff
Administration
coordinator, Store welfare, Pension etc.
Keeper, Guard, Care-
Taker, Law Assistant,
Daftari & peon,
Attendant
Finance Officer
(Deputed by the State
Govt.), Finance & All kind of receipt & payments, salary
Finance &
8 Accounts coordinator, disbursement and Cash book entry
Accounts Dept.
Accountant, Cashier, through the double entry system
Dy. Accountant, Sr.
Clerk, Clerk & Peon

Total No.
Department Designation Responsibility
of Staff
New holding numbers, interim
Assessment In-Charge,
Assessment assessment and assess the annual
3 Assessor & Asst.
Dept. valuation for the property tax through
Assessment Inspector
the central valuation board etc.
Tax Collector In-
Charge, Astt. Tax
Collection 16 Collection of Property Tax
Collector & Collecting
Sarkar
Sanitary Inspector,
Conservancy Inspector,
Conservancy & Asst. Conservancy Various sanitation, conservancy work
334
Sanitary Inspector, Mate, Ward & sweeping work in the municipal area
Supervisor & Sweeper,
Driver
Doctor (Appointed by
to act in the Matri Sadan Health centre
the State Govt.),
and other health centre in the slum
Health 3 Vaccinator, Health
area & performing the immunization
Assistant & Health
work
worker, Driver
License Inspector, Asst. Issue of Trade License (Provisional
License 2
License Inspector Certificate)
Maintenance of Street Light, All
SAE (Elec), Electrician, municipal Buildings and electrical work
Light 13 Light Sarkar, Electric of Rabindra Mancha & Park and
Helper & peon Gardens in the SMC area and
maintenance of Electric Crematorium
Superintendent of Toll fees collection of all municipal
Market 3
Market, Guard, Peon markets.
Exe. Engineer (Govt.
Deputed), Asst. Construction and maintenance work of
Engineer, SAE (civil), Roads, Drains, Buildings, demolish
PWD 98 Surveyor, Work the illegal construction and passed the
Supervisor, Work residential & commercial plans in the
Assistant, Driver, municipal area. & various project work
Mazdoor & Labourer
SAE (Mech), Driver, Maintenance of all kind of
Vehicles 18
Cleaner, Peon departmental vehicles
Urban Poverty Community Organiser, Various project work in the slam area
16
Elevation cell TPO & Urban area under the SMC
Total 622
Source: Administration and Establishment Department, SMC

The corporation lacks technical staffs, especially in departments such as water supply conservancy-
sewerage and solid waste management department. It has also been observed during discussion with
ULB officials that the level of coordination between zonal and main office needs to be strengthened.
The collection of taxes and user charges are administers under the Finance and Accounts section. The
concerned departments responsible for civic service delivery are unaware of the revenue collections
and available funds for the development works.

13.4 Role and Responsibility of Various Institutions

In accordance with the provisions of 74th CAA, GoWB has transferred limited functions to SMC.
Functions like urban planning have been partially transferred to SMC. In terms of urban planning,
preparation of master and land use plans responsibility with SJDA, whereas SMC’s role is limited to the
implementation of the plans and regulation of the building plan approvals within its jurisdiction. Further,
in certain areas/functions, the state government has considerable role in delivery of the services.
Following sections outline the key functions, roles, and responsibilities of SMC and other agencies.
SMC
 Providing the key services such as water supply, sewerage, sanitation, SWM, storm water
drainage, roads, street lighting, housing for the poor, health and education, birth and death
registrations, parking facilities, and the basic services for the urban poor people within the SMC
limits
 Planning, designing, construction of basic services are with SMC, however, the operation and
maintenance of key services with PHED;
 Enforcing the plans and regulating development activities as per the state byelaws;
 Levying and collecting various taxes, charges, and fees as per the applicable municipal
corporation act;
 Receiving grants from state and central governments to implement various projects in SMC
limits;
 Disclosing the status of the services and various activities as per the applicable public
disclosure law;
SJDA:
 Preparation of master plans, perspective plans, and land use plans for the SJDA region;
 Framing polices and plans for sustainable development in the region;
 Post preparation of the plans, the plans would be handed over to SMC for enforcement as per
the applicable state building rules
Table 74: Functional mapping for urban services
S. No. Key Infrastructure Services Planning and Construction/ O&M

design Implementation
1 Water Supply SMC SMC PHED
2 Sewerage SMC SMC PHED
3 Storm Water Drains SMC SMC PHED
4 Solid Waste Management SMC SMC SMC
5 Urban Transport –Bus Service NBSTC NBSTC NBSTC
6 Street Lighting SMC SMC SMC
7 Preparation of Master Plan/ SJDA SJDA SJDA
Development Plan
8 Housing for Urban Poor SMC (UPE) SMC(UPE) SMC (UPE)
Source: SMC and SJDA
13.5 Training & Capacity Building

SMC has not conducted any training & capacity building program for the officials except basic training
on computer operations for General Administration and Finance & Accounts Departments. Most of the
officials lack knowledge and hence interest in performing the assigned roles. The officials are also
unaware of the government schemes and missions launched for the development of the urban areas.

It was also observed that majority of the officials are reluctant to use the computers for data
management and day to day work. Though basic computer operation training was conducted for senior
and middle cadre staffs by SIT, the effectiveness of the training is insignificant.
The corporation should also take initiative to mandate the use of computers and also ensure the
availability of computers to the officials for use.
The corporation should take initiatives to conduct training programs to improve the skills, knowledge
and exposure for the staffs, required to perform the assigned responsibilities.
13.6 Status of e-Governance

SMC has initiated the process of implementation of e-governance. The E-governance project in SMC
is monitored by CMU- KUSP, funded by DIFD. Presently on Birth & Death and Trade License has been
implemented. A person has been deputed under the corporation for proving the hand-holding required
for the implementation of e-governance.
13.7 Key issues

 SMC has not conducted any training & Capacity Building program for the officials except basic
training on computer operations for General Administration and Finance & Accounts
Departments.
 The town planning functions have not been transferred to SMC in totality. SMC has limited role
in preparation of master plan and limited role in the approval of building plans; some of the
plans have to be referred to SJDA for approval which is resulting in delays in approval process.
 Most of the officials lack knowledge and hence interest in performing the assigned roles.
 The officials are also unaware of the government schemes and missions launched for the
development of the urban areas.
 Lack of technically qualified staff across all the departments
 No robust system to update the database of employees.

14. Municipal Financial Management

Financial management and accounts are the principal functions of the accounts department headed by
the examiner of accounts. The accounts section also monitors grants and state government transfers
and devolution, and manages debt servicing, provident fund accounts, pensions, salaries, advances,
etc.
Budgeting is an annual process at SMC. The process of preparation of budget is initiated in the month
of November every financial year. The heads of all sections/departments primarily submit all the receipts
and expenditures of the section along with a tentative budget for each of the sections to the accounts
department.
The examiner of accounts then works on these estimates so that the total of all the receipts match the
payments. The department-wise budget is consolidated and compiled into a single budget for SMC by
the accounts department and placed before the Commissioner for discussion and approval.
Since there was no council in place. Hence, the budget was submitted to the special officer (who is
appointed by the state government) for approval. Post approval of the budget by the special officer, the
budget would be forwarded to the state government for approval and consideration. If the council is in
place, the budget would be discussed at standing committee and then general body. Accordingly, the
budget would be approved and further forwarded to the state government for approval and
consideration. SMC is not following the budget schedule given by the state government for the
preparation and submission of the budget as per the applicable act since the past three years.
14.1 Existing Status – Financial Management

Financial Planning: The financial planning for the corporation is done by the finance & accounts
department. As per the West Bengal Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Act 2009, municipal accounts
committee is formed annually. The committee is headed by the member of opposition in the Corporation
as Chairman. The other members (minimum 3 and maximum 5 members) are selected by the Board of
Councilors from amongst themselves. Maximum 2 officials or employees of the corporation, selected
by the Board of Council are also a member of this committee. It is the responsibility of the Municipal
Accounts Committee to supervise the accounting and its mechanism of the corporation.
The corporation prepares the annual budget estimate based on the income and expenditure incurred
by the corporation. The budgets for public works are not included in the corporation budget. The Mayor
presents the budget to the Board of Councilors for its approval by 15th day of February every year. The
zero-base budgeting has been adopted by the corporation for preparation of its financial planning. Due
to internal issues among the present Board of Councilors, the budget for 2011-12 has not been
approved.
Table 75: Variation in Planned and Actual Budget
Financial Year Budget (Rs in crore) Actual (Rs in crore) % of achievement
2008-09 115 71 61%
2009-10 163 89 55%
2010-11 181 79 43%

Financial Year Budget (Rs in crore) Actual (Rs in crore) % of achievement
2011-12 144 93 64%
2012-13 147 103 71%

Accounting System: The Corporation has initiated the process of implementation of double accounting
system for maintaining the accounts as per the manual developed by the state government. However,
the department faces technical issues while using the accounting program. The development of
improved accounting program has already been initiated by the state.
The valuation and listing of has been completed.
Auditing: The audit for the corporation is conducted by external audit agency, appointed by the state
government. The corporation follows post-audit mechanism for auditing purpose. The audit reports are
scrutinized by the leader from the opposition as per the West Bengal Municipal Corporation
(Amendment) Act, 2009.
14.2 Existing Status - Municipal Finances

Table 76: Financial Status
Particulars 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Opening
3,415 2,414 4,055 3,497 4,989
Balance
Revenue
2,771 3,575 4,019 5,361 6,033
Receipts
Revenue
2,620 3,408 4,314 4,797 5,723
Expenditure
Capital
3,267 5,331 3,301 3,944 4,447
Receipts
Capital
4,418 3,858 3,564 3,015 4,070
Expenditure
Closing
2,415 4,054 3,497 4,989 5,675
Balance
Source: Finance & Accounts Department, SMC (Amount in Lakhs)

Revenue Income of SMC increased from Rs. 2,771 lakh in 2008-09 to Rs. 6,033 lakh in 2012-13.
Table 77: Planned vs Actual for last 5 Years
Rs. In Cr) Budget Provision Actual Received Total
2008-09 18.93 13.23 70%

2009-10 21.44 12.09 56%
2010-11 25.54 16.87 66%
2011-12 23.72 21.54 91%

Rs. In Cr) Budget Provision Actual Received Total
2012-13 30.38 27.44 90%

Source of revenue
The major source of income for the Corporation is tax revenue and revenue from fees and user charges.
Market rent and water tax are the main source of income for the corporation. The Revenue grants,
contributions and subsides are also major source of income for the corporation. The expense on
establishment is highest incurred by the corporation. From the detailed revenue and expenditure
balance sheet, it is evident that corporation is running under deficit. The details of the revenue and
expenditure are given below:
Table 78: Detailed revenue and expenditure SMC
2006- 2007- 2008- 2009-

Major Account Head 2010-11
07 08 09 10
REVENUE RECEIPTS (Rs. In Lakhs)
Tax Revenue 477 523 541 524 631
Assigned Revenues and Compensation 139 254 248 321 273
Rental Income - Municipal Properties 16 25 29 30 35
Fees and User Charges 906 495 746 650 1,025
Sale and Hire Charges 3 12 7 5 0
Revenue Grants, Contributions and
766 1,161 958 1,878 1,874
Subsidies
Income from Investments 16 78 86 78 -
Interest Earned - - - - -
Other Income 73 24 157 90 180
Total 2,397 2,573 2,771 3,575 4,019
REVENUE EXPENDITURE (Rs. In Lakhs)
Establishment Expenses 1,059 1,165 1,356 1,991 2,292
Administrative Expenses (General Maintn) 127 310 241 340 393
Operations and Maintenance 709 796 903 860 1,352
Interest and Finance Charges - - - - -
Program Expenses( Maint of Cultural deptt) 53 79 79 185 257
Revenue Grants, Contributions and
- - - - -
Subsidies
Miscellaneous Expenses 23 36 41 33 21
- - - - -
Total 1,971 2,385 2,620 3,408 4,314
Revenue Surplus/ (Deficit) 426 188 150 168 -295

2006- 2007- 2008- 2009-

Major Account Head 2010-11
07 08 09 10
CAPITAL RECEIPTS (Rs. In Lakhs)
Grants, Contributions for Specific purposes 831 4,564 2,861 4,737 3,082
Secured Loans - - - - -
Unsecured Loans - 8 - - -
Deposits Received - - - - -
Deposit Works 196 78 194 470 214
Others Sources(BSNL/Rel) 91 254 211 124 5
Total 1,118 4,903 3,267 5,331 3,301
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE (Rs. In Lakhs)
Fixed Assets 1,135 3,220 4,321 3,847 3,563
Investments – General Fund - - - - -
Investments – Other Funds - - - - -
Stock in hand - - - - -
Loans, advances and deposits - - - - -
Other Assets 168 103 97 11 1
Total 1,303 3,323 4,418 3,858 3,564
Capital Surplus/ (Deficit) -184 1,579 -1,151 1,473 -263
Total Surplus/ (Deficit) 242 1,767 -1,000 1,641 -558
Table 79: Collection of Own Funds for last 5 Years
Years Tax Revenue Non- Tax Revenue Total

2008-09 5.41 7.82 13.23
2009-10 5.24 6.85 12.09
2010-11 6.25 10.62 16.87
2011-12 7.10 14.44 21.54
2012-13 7.34 20.10 27.44
Table 80: Details of the Government Grants received by SMC
HEAD OF Actual Receipt (Rs. In Lakhs)

RECEIPTS 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Plan Grant 1,973 6,159 4,467 7,377 5,803 6,892
Non-Plan Grant - - - 100 - 580
Capital Grand
Central Govt. 589 4,297 2,443 4,643 2,813 3,753

HEAD OF Actual Receipt (Rs. In Lakhs)

RECEIPTS 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
State Govt. 1,145 1,683 1,609 2,292 2,446 2,868
Others Govt. 269 167 483 676 663 418
Own Fund
Collection/ GSLI 110 266 179 87 154 93
Claim
Loan Taken - 8 1,051 - - 10
Encashment of
- - - - 115 -
FD/ Bank Deposit
Sub Total of
2,112 6,421 5,766 7,697 6,191 7,142
Capital Receipt
Revenue Grand
Tax Revenue 477 523 541 524 625 710
Other Tax
926 532 782 685 1,062 1,444
Revenue
Sub Total of
1,403 1,055 1,323 1,209 1,687 2,154
Revenue Receipt
Grand Total
3,515 7,476 7,088 8,906 7,878 9,296
Receipt
Property Tax
The corporation has already implemented property tax in the corporation area. The property tax is fixed
on the ‘base unit area value’ as per the West Bengal Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Act, 2009,
by the State Valuation agency and is subjected to revision after every 5 years. The property tax in the
state has not been revised for last 10 years. However, the revision of the tax has already been initiated
by the valuation agency. As per draft valuation list by West Bengal Valuation Board, total Assessed
properties are 96,000 approx. However, till date only 80,307 properties has been taxed. The total
number of assessed properties for the year 2012-13, does not include the number of new mutation
properties. The details of the total number of assessed properties under the corporation area for last
three years are given below:
Table 81: Assessment Details
Description 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Total number of
67874 77529 80307
assessed properties
Source: Assessment Department, SMC
The property tax bill is sent to individual property owners and the bills are collected by the ward tax
collectors appointed by the corporation. As per the Act 2009, Sec.116, corporation has authority to
reduce the property tax under special circumstances. The exact number of properties under the
corporation area has not been listed and documented. Hence, it is difficult to estimate the total revenue
that can be generated from the property tax collection. The property tax collection details for last three
year by SMC are given below:

Table 82: Collection Details (Rs in Lakhs)
Particular 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Demand
Arrears 443.75 435.66 413.81
Current 355.28 397.67 428.70
Total Demand 799.02 833.34 842.51
Disputed Demand
Arrears 246.62 381.57 416.69

Current 10.70 10.70 0.00
Total Disputed
257.33 392.27 416.69
Demand
Recoverable Demand
Arrears 100.09 112.18 197.70
Current 263.27 307.34 312.21
Total Recoverable
363.36 419.52 509.91
Demand
Source: Assessment Department and Finance & Accounts Department, SMC
Table 83: Key municipal financial indicators
Indicators Value
Own revenues as a proportion of total revenue

47%
receipts (Rs 18.72 cr/ Rs 40.19 cr)
Per capita own revenues (Rs 18.72 cr/ 5.09 lakhs) Rs 367
Non-tax revenues as a proportion of own revenues
66%
(Rs 12.4 cr/ Rs 18.72 cr)
Per capita property tax demand (Rs 4.2 cr/ 5.09
Rs 84
lakhs)
Coverage for property tax net 80% approx.
Property tax collection performance (Rs 3.1 cr/ Rs
73%
4.2 cr)
Water charges collection performance NA
Operating ratio (revenue expenditure/ revenue
receipts) 1.07
(Rs 43 cr/ Rs 40 cr) FY 2012-13
Per capita O&M expenditure (Rs 1765 lakhs/ 5.09
Rs 346
lakhs)
Salary as percentage of Revenue Income (Rs 22.9
57%
cr/ Rs 40 cr)

Indicators Value
Salary as percentage of Revenue Expenditure (Rs

53%
22.9 cr/ Rs 43 cr)
Staff per 1000 population (622/ 5.09 lakhs x 1000) 1.2
Debt Servicing Coverage Ratio (<=1.50) -
NA
(O.S+D.S / D.S)
Debt Service Ratio (Max 25%) - (Debt/ Revenue
NA
income)
14.3 Key Issues

 Operating ratio beyond 1 indicating revenue deficit;
 Salary expenditure as % age of revenue income is comparatively on higher side;
 Decent coverage of properties; however per capita demand is low when compared to other
cities;
 The corporation has not undertaken any survey to map and enlist the exact number of
properties (residential and non-residential ) under the corporation area; and
 As per the West Bengal Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Act, 2009, the ward committee
and the corporation has the authority to exempt property tax under certain circumstances.
However, validation or monitoring of such exemptions is not been done and documented; and
 The number of defaulters is very high in the corporation. Majority of such properties are under
government holding.

15. SWOT analysis

The SWOT analysis gives a cursory snapshot of existing potentials that favour growth in the city.
Further, issues curbing the city development are discussed. The ranking of importance in a scale of
high to medium has been developed through interactions with stakeholders and officials. In case of
opportunities and threats, the possibility of occurrence has also been identified.
Siliguri being one of the urbanized city of the state offers huge potential for employment opportunities.
However, in spite of the conducive environment for tourism, trade and commerce, the city is yet to grow.
The Table 84 below presents the strength and weakness in the city.
Table 84: Strength and weakness in the city
Strengths Importance
Siliguri is situated at strategic location which is ‘Chicken neck’ or Gateway to

High
North east’.
It is regional transport node and trading center for the whole north east region High
Municipal decentralisation and peculiar borough committee setup. High
Presence of educational institutions like north Bengal university, medical and

High
engineering colleges provide better educational facilities.
Weakness Importance
No planned development & city growing in unorganised way in a ribbon pattern High
Poor tourism supporting infrastructure High
Low Work Force Participation Ratio (37%) and Lack of industrial investment in-
High
spite of liberal policies.
Inadequate infrastructure facilities to cater to existing and future projected

High
population.
Low Public Transport Facility leading to use of more private vehicles and hence
High
congestion.
The location of the city is at the “chicken neck” position of India. This area is like a gateway to the other
north eastern states. With good connectivity through Road (National and State Highways), Rail and Air,
the city is linked to the major areas and vice versa. Tourism is one of the major economic drivers but
due to poor tourism infrastructure and no planned development of the tourism circuit, the city lacks the
holding capacity of the tourists. Tea being another economic driver, therefore focused attention on its
production and on its distribution market could bring positive effects on the city.
On the other hand, the city suffers from lack of proper disposal facilities for sewerage and solid waste
generated. The current practice of disposal could create environmental hazard at a regional scale. Also,
the growing number of slums in the city is emerging as a major concern. The following Table 85 presents
the ranking of identified opportunities and threats in terms of impact on the city and the possibility of
occurrence.

Table 85: Opportunities and threats in the city
Possibility of
Opportunities Impact on city
occurrence
Has Good Location and Connectivity through Road,

Rail and Air hence has opportunity to become a High High
potential market for the North East Region.
Good Literacy Rate with institutes providing

technical education hence could attract more job High High
opportunities in tertiary sectors eg. IT Industry.
Potential for development of trade and commerce

due to existing socio economic base and locational
High Medium
advantage, specially for “Tea production, processing
and distribution”
Up gradation of Bagdogra airport as an international

High Medium
airport.
Could be a Tourism hub, supported by the

development of tourism circuit of the neighboring High High
areas
Threats Importance Impact on city
High proximity to international boarders and

High High
increasing securing threats.
High vulnerable for Disaster (Natural and Man Made)

and ineffective enforcement of building bye laws and High High
regulations.
Infrastructure deficiencies (City lacks Sewerage and

High High
storm water drainage system)
Darjeeling a big competitor with Siliguri in “Tea”

Medium High
production, processing and distribution
Migration of population into the city from

neighboring areas (even neighboring countries) Medium
High
which is one of the major factor for the development
of Slums.
Table 86: SWOT Summarized
Strength Weakness
 Siliguri is situated at strategic location which is  No planned development & city growing in
‘Chicken neck’ or Gateway to North east’. unorganised way in a ribbon pattern
 Poor tourism supporting infrastructure
 It is regional transport node and trading center
 Low work force participation ratio (37%)
for the whole north east region
and lack of industrial investment in-spite of
 Municipal decentralisation and peculiar liberal policies.
borough committee setup.

 Presence of educational institutions like north  Inadequate infrastructure facilities to cater

Bengal university, medical and engineering to existing and future projected population.
colleges provide better educational facilities;  Low public transport facility leading to use
of more private vehicles and hence
congestion.
Opportunities Threats
 Has good location and connectivity through  High proximity to international boarders
road, rail and air, hence has opportunity to and increasing securing threats;
become a potential market for the North East  High vulnerable for Disaster (Natural and
region. Man Made) and ineffective enforcement of
 Good literacy rate with institutes providing building bye laws and regulations;
technical education hence could attract more  Infrastructure deficiencies (City lacks
job opportunities in tertiary sectors eg. IT sewerage and storm water drainage
Industry. system)
 Potential for development of trade and  Darjeeling a big competitor with Siliguri in
commerce due to existing socio economic “Tea” production, processing and
base and locational advantage, specially for distribution
“Tea production, processing and distribution”  Migration of population into the city from
 Up gradation of Bagdogra airport as an neighboring areas (even neighboring
international airport. countries) which is one of the major factor
 Could be a Tourism hub, supported by the for the development of slums.
development of tourism circuit of the
neighboring areas
Source: CRIS

16. City vision, development goal and strategies

Stakeholder consultation is the most important part of city planning, as citizens’ views and suggestions
are instrumental in shaping the future of the city. The CDP inspires citizens to discuss and create a
vision and direction for future growth of the city. Vision in the context of the CDP is a vivid and idealized
description of a desired outcome that inspires, energizes, and helps stakeholders in creating a future
picture of the city with positive changes. It can also be defined as the position that the city aspires to
reach in the medium to long term (beyond 10 years but within 20-30 years). It is important that the vision
for a city is defined in simple terms, which all citizens can share and identify with.
In Siliguri, CDP is being prepared for the first time. Earlier, the corporation used to prepare DDP, which
was limited to the investment required, in a piecemeal manner and did not look at the overall vision and
comprehensive infrastructure planning for the city.
The CDP guidelines lay special emphasis on undertaking stakeholder consultations at various stages
of CDP preparation. In that context, consultations both in the form of workshops and individual focus
group discussions were carried out during the preparation of Siliguri CDP. First, stakeholders were
identified, which comprised SMC itself (Mayor, Chairman, Councillors, all officials); all other key
institutions in the city which play a major role in planning, implementation, and management; market
associations; institutions working in social areas; other associations; and media. Following is the list of
consultations undertaken:
 First city-level stakeholder consultation - 27 December 2013
 Focus group discussion with various institutions, groups, and individuals- 9th June to 24th
June,2014, 14th October,2014
 Second city-level stakeholder consultation – 12 September 2014
 Third city-level stakeholder consultation - 16 February 2015
 Fourth city-level stakeholder consultation - 12 March 2015.
Details of stakeholder consultations are given below.
16.1 Stakeholder consultations

The Government of India has envisaged the revision of CDP through a consultative and participatory
approach. This requires the involvement of various stakeholders at the ULB, regional, and state level.
In view of this, CRIS team conducted consultative meetings with citywide stakeholders to discuss the
status and performance of the service delivery mechanism, understand the aspirations of citizens on
city development, and to ensure a participatory and inclusive development process.
Further, CRIS team carried out a prioritization exercise during the consultations, to identify priority
sectors for service improvement.
Table 87: Priority sectors
Sector Requirement Priority

Sewerage and Underground drainage system, sewerage treatment facility and 1
sanitation safe discharge of drainage
Urban transportation Multilevel car parking, improvement of junctions, road 2
widening, removal of encroachments, pedestrian friendly
facilities, provision of public transport
Strom water drainage Refurbishment of existing system with lining and appropriate 3
covering

Sector Requirement Priority

Solid waste Scientific landfill at the dumping yard and waste recovery 4
management mechanisms
Environment Conservation of ponds, rainwater harvesting systems along 5
management roads, river front development
Water supply Augmentation of existing system, expansion of water supply 6
network to uncovered areas
Urban poverty Effective implementation of UPA programmes, basic 7
infrastructure facilities in all slum pockets
Promotion of local Creation of local market infrastructure, development of 8
economy integrated facilities for informal sector economic activities
IEC and outreach Awareness programmes on solid waste segregation, traffic 9
management, e-governance
16.2 Consultative meetings & focus group discussions

The team conducted stakeholder consultations with SMC officials, parastatal agencies, borough
officials, and business and trade organisations like City Auto Association, Siliguri Minibus Syndicate,
Hotel Owners Association, and Eastern Himalayan Travel & Tour Operators. The team also sought
views of academicians and city-level NGOs.
Table 88: List of consultations with SMC officials
Sr. no. Stakeholder

1 Mr. Sonam W. Bhutia, Commissioner SMC
2 Mr. Saptarshi Nag, Secretary, SMC
3 Mr. Paritosh Mridha, Executive Engineer, SMC
4 Mr. Sandeep Bose, Finance Officer, SMC
5 Mr. Souranshu Roy, SMC
6 Mr. Juyol Sarkar, SMC
7 Ms. Joyeeta Dey, Asst. Town Planner, SMC
Table 89: List of consultations with parastatal agencies
Sr. no. Stakeholder

1 Ms. R. Vimala, IAS, CEO, Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority
2 SDO official from SJDA
3 Mr.Tushar Kanti Ray, Associate Planner, SJDA
Table 90: List of consultations with business organisations
Sr. Stakeholder
no.
1 Mr. Biswajit Das, Hon. Secretary, FOCIN
2 Mr. Jayant Sarkar, Mr. Swapan Dutta, City Auto Association
3 Mr. K.C. Ghosh, Hotel Owners Association
4 Mr. Mrinal Kanti Sarkar, Siliguri Mini Bus Syndicate
5 Mr. Milan Bose, Eastern Himalaya Travel & Tour Operators’ Association
Table 91: List of consultations with NGOs
Sr. Stakeholder
No.
1 Representative from Siliguri Anindita Society
2 Representative from Social Infrastructure For Proper Living And Educational Society

The team also conducted focus group discussions with various associations. The key emerging points
from the discussion are presented below.
a) FOCIN – Trade and commerce
The discussion revealed that Siliguri is a major trading hub in the north-eastern region and with
neighbouring countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal. To promote trade and commerce in the
region, following infrastructure should be put in place or should be strengthened:
 Strengthen railway connectivity - Many places near Siliguri like Haldibari have good agriculture
produce, but lack proper infrastructure to transport vegetables to the city. Several issues of theft
and damage during transportation have been reported;
 Development of cold storage system for perishable goods; and
 To attract major industries in the city, tax exemption should be provided to promote large scale
industrialisation
b) Hotel Association
Siliguri is a transit point for various tourist destinations in the northeast. Tourists check into Siliguri hotels
only for overnight stay. Tourist destinations in the city need to be improved such that tourists would stay
and spend more time in the city.
For this, good tourist spots should come up within 20 km radius of the city or the existing ones should
be improved and beautified. If Saudangi Ram Krishna Mission Ashram, Coronation Bridge, Sevoke,
Teesta Canal Area, Salagura Gumpha (Buddhist monastery), and Mahananda could be turned into
tourist spots, tourists will stay in Siliguri for a couple of days, generating good business for hotels.
c) Eastern Himalaya Travel & Tour Operators’ Association
About 30,000 tourists visited Siliguri in May 2014; without any intervention to develop tourist spots and
facilities in and around Siliguri, tourists will not spend more than half a day in Siliguri. The association
suggested for the following:
 Construction of Sulabh complexes in important parts of the city (proposals already under
consideration by local authorities, some have been constructed, but are not yet operational);
 Development of a proper taxi stand. There are stands on the Hill cart Road, Sevoke Road and
near NJP, none of these having adequate parking space during peak hours;
 Introduction of rate charts for taxis;
 Introduction of flights between Siliguri and Kolkata during the night from Bagdogra Airport;
 Introduction of a proper signage system;
 Setting up of information kiosks at different parts of the city to provide proper information to
tourists
d) City Auto Association
The association demanded auto rickshaw stands and parking facilities at various places in the city.
Since autos are the major source of transport in the city. They also look forward to the revision of fare
charts. The current travel fare rates are not in line with the increase in insurance charges, fuel prices,
and spare parts price, resulting in almost no profit.
e) Siliguri Minibus Syndicate
About 100 minibuses and 200 buses ply around the Siliguri sub-divisional area. The association is
looking forward to better infrastructure facilities and timely investment in the transportation sector. They
also look forward to a fair tariff revision policy to operate the business and provide quality service.
f) Councillors and borough officers

Following were the key suggestions for the development of the city:
 Address the growing traffic issue in the city;
 Develop car parking systems near Mahananda River bank and Suryasen Park area;
 Develop a manure biogas plant near Don Bosco;
 Underground conduits for cables;
 Develop a government hospital;
 Ensure proper disposal of waste;
 Undertake slum rehabilitation and ensure adequate water supply and sanitation facilities in slum
areas;
 Construct a drainage system; and
 Undertake river cleaning.
The details of focus group discussions are presented in Annex-3.
16.3 First stakeholder consultation

As part of the CDP preparation, consultants have conducted four workshops with the support of SMC
officials. The first workshop was scheduled on 27th December 2013 at 1.00 pm at the Indoor Stadium
of SMC. The workshop had a limited turnout of about 50 participants.
Since this was the first stakeholder workshop at city level, the key objectives were to:
 Apprise stakeholders about the support extended by the Ministry of Urban Development,
Government of India, under the Capacity Building for Urban Development (CBUD) project
 Apprise stakeholders on the key principles and background of CDP preparation
 Emphasize on vision planning for the city
 Apprise stakeholders on the current situation and challenges across various aspects of city
development, based on a reconnaissance study
 Understand aspirations of citizens on city development and key issues and challenges they
perceive.
To make the consultation more interactive, a PowerPoint presentation was prepared. A questionnaire
was prepared and circulated amongst the stakeholders to capture their views on various aspects of city
development. The welcome address was given by the Mayor and Commissioner.
Thereafter, the CBUD, PMU official Mr. Mahtab Alam introduced in detail the CBUD programme and its
coverage, objectives, and key interventions. Further, CRIS team made a detailed presentation to the
stakeholders explaining the CDP, visioning, CDP preparation, guidelines, and coverage of various
aspects under CDP. The team also presented the key initial findings and challenges in planning and
development of Siliguri.

Figure 58: Stakeholder consultation
Post the presentation, the stakeholders interacted with each other and the CRIS team and CBUD
officials and provided their views on key challenges and opportunities for development of Siliguri.
Figure 59: Sample questionnaire filled by a stakeholder

16.4 Second city-level stakeholder consultation

The second city-level stakeholder consultation (interim stage) was held on 12 September 2014 at the
office of the municipal corporation. Various institutions attended the workshop. The workshop lasted for
about three hours.
Figure 60: Stakeholder consultations at interim level
During the consultation, stakeholders were apprised of the CDP preparation process, sector-wise
findings, and challenges in infrastructure development and management, and their opinion and
suggestions on the key focus areas and strategies for infrastructure improvement, were sought.
Following were the key points emerging out of the discussion:
 Economy
 Tourism - The city should be transformed from a transit hub into a tourist city by undertaking
a) river front development, b) developing the old railway station as a heritage structure, c)
developing large-scale theme parks, d) developing leisure tourism, etc. Various supportive
amenities for need to be developed for tourists, such as information system, good public
sanitation facilities, signage system, and good transportation infrastructure. Such tourism
will facilitate economic development of the city.
 Trade and commerce – The city economy depends majorly on trade and commerce. For
sustained economic growth of the city, trade and commerce activities including hawker
activities need to be re-planned in a better manner, especially large-scale trade activities
in the old city area, which faces significant traffic congestion and does not have space for
future expansion.
The new planned areas should have designated hawking zones. The corporation is already
in discussion with hawkers’ association, on various aspects mentioned in the recent
hawking policy.
 Infrastructure
 Traffic and transportation - The traffic and transportation issue was discussed at length by
the stakeholders. The traffic police department officials were also present during the

meeting. The major interventions in Traffic &Transportation as suggested by the

stakeholders are as follows:
 Involving the traffic police department in preparation of traffic and transportation plan
for the city, sanction of building plan approvals and granting permissions for motor
garage facility in the city;
 Developing parking facilities at various places in the city, including designated parking
areas on roadside;
 Developing designated parking areas for auto rickshaws;
 The railway corridor passing through the city to be also used for local train for intra
public transport. This will reduce load on the city roads.; and
 Light Rail Transit (LRT) system for the city.
 Sewerage and sanitation – The city requires a sound underground sewerage system, and
a detail project report has already been submitted to the state government regarding this
for further support and action. The stakeholders also stressed on good public sanitation
facilities across the city for tourists as well as citizens of Siliguri.
 Waste disposal – Sanitation in the city has improved in the past many years. The
administration has also been effective in banning the use of plastic bags. A waste
processing facility needs to be set up for scientific processing and disposal of waste. It was
also discussed on e-waste.
At the end of the session, the stakeholders also discussed the emerging “smart city”
concept and suggested that Siliguri should be developed along these lines.
16.5 Potential, challenges, and aspirations

The stakeholders also shared their views on the key potential areas of the city, the challenges, and their
aspirations for Siliguri.
Table 92: Potential, challenges, & aspirations
Potential,
challenges & Views
aspirations
 Connectivity, transit point

Special features  Tourism, scenic beauty in and around Siliguri, weather
of Siliguri
 Business opportunities – tea, timber, and tourism
 Transit and tourist city

 Exploring opportunities for medical and education hub for the northeast
region
 Employment, industries, infrastructure and financial support
Key suggestions  Infrastructure development key areas 1) Traffic and transportation 2)
for development Drainage 3) Waste Disposal 4). Improvement of rivers, 5) More and
of Siliguri better public facilities needed
 Proper planning, building regulations and implementation
 Widening of roads,, housing for poor, health facilities, educational
facilities
 Environmental awareness programme to safe River Mahananda

Potential,
challenges & Views
aspirations
 Comprehensive planning for addressing all problems
 City providing every possible modern facility to citizens and tourists

 Best metro city with all facilities
Aspirations  Most beautiful city and ahead of all
 Beautiful, clean, and healthy environment
 Developed and modern
16.6 Vision statement

The city vision has been framed based on
the consensus reached during the
workshop. The vision statement has been
framed to balance the competing
demands from the various sectors as well
as different stakeholders in the city.
The goal is to achieve multi-dimensional
development of the basic infrastructure to
keep pace with the unprecedented growth
of the city; an efficient and sustainable
service delivery mechanism; and
amelioration of the living conditions
The gateway of north east region, Siliguri
is being considered as an economic centre
which is growing among the fastest cities,
with borders of four countries meeting at
around this region. It is because of the
position of Siliguri that the North Bengal
has come to be a hub for trade and
commerce. Countries of Bangladesh and
Nepal are using the corridor through
Siliguri to help in transporting rice and
other important commodities of urgency.
The 4 ‘T”s that are important trade
businesses in Siliguri are Timber, Tea,
Transport and Tourism.
In Siliguri, the processing and production
of tea allows a number of workers to be
engage in the business. The Siliguri tea
industry has grown tremendously over the years at a very high rate. High demand among the tourists
for Siliguri as a vacation destination has helped flourish of many hotels. Tourists come to Siliguri for
seeing the large variety of fauna and flora in the region and are attracted towards the large elongating
landscapes and over the years, this beautiful range of the Himalayan Mountains is becoming preferable
for the international as well as the domestic tourists.

Large numbers of shopping malls and well known automobile companies exist in the city. Plenty of
handicrafts and furniture works and also cane work have come up to become famous in the town.
Growth in the demand for handicraft items of cane, wood, bamboo and jute has also been seen which
are made by the artisans of the local region. The town of Siliguri has become a prominent and preferred
destination for investments. Rapidly growth, with the blink of the eye, especially in the tourism sector
has given an impetus.
Develop a clean, green and planned city by emphasizing on tourism, transit and trade by 2021
Keeping in the view various economic activities in the city, regional setting with the neighbouring north-
eastern cities, and the existing infrastructure in the city, the vision for Siliguri city has been framed as
follows:
16.7 Development goals

The wish list of the citizens has been translated into development goals, which covers sectors such as
water supply, sewerage and sanitation, solid water management, storm water drainage, traffic and
transportation, urban poverty and slum improvement, local economic development, urban environment,
social infrastructure, and heritage management. The development goals have been framed on the basis
of priority areas, to achieve the common goals for the city and to meet the desired sector-specific
service-level benchmarks and indicators.
Table 93: Sector-wise development goals
Sector Vision Development goals Action points
 Development of
 Identify areas for food export
special industrial
To develop the zones and industries
zones within the
city as an  Identify areas for multipurpose
Local SMC jurisdiction
international markets, whole sale vegetable
economic  Development of
hub for trade and fruit markets outside the
development infrastructure to
and commerce, city
facilitate
industries  Develop exhibition cum
IT/business parks
convention centres in the city
and SEZ
 Identify areas for development
 Development of of new schools and hospitals
To develop the health and  Develop schools with hostel
city as a centre education facilities and schools for
Social
for health and infrastructure to specially abled children
infrastructure
educational meet the URDPFI  Develop ward-level community
facilities guidelines for the centres and anganwadis
horizon year  Develop night shelters and old
age homes in the city
 Siliguri city to act
To develop the
Tourism as a transit hub for  Develop local tourist points and
city as a tourism
development regional tourist information centres in the city
cum transit hub
activity

 Augment the existing

source/identify new sources to
meet the future water demand
for the city
 Provide 24 × 7  Increase the coverage under
water supply water supply and ensure
 Ensure that water equitable water supply
meets the distribution in core areas and
To provide CPHEEO newly merged areas.
water supply to standards  Introduce flow meters and bulk
all and 24 × 7  Undertake tariff meters to measure water
Water supply water supply revision and losses in the system
with adequate reduction to  Introduce domestic meters to
pressure and achieve 100% ensure judicious usage of water
quality O&M cost recovery  Undertake water quality checks
 Minimize energy at different levels of the water
consumption supply system
during water  Introduce water monitoring
supply operations systems like SCADA to monitor
the water supply flow and curb
water losses
 Carry out water and energy
audit
 Develop
decentralised
sewerage  Undertake mapping of septic
collection, tanks for effective sludge
treatment, and management in Siliguri
disposal system  Ensure the every property is
within SMC limits connected with the sewerage
To provide safe
 Ensure 100% network
and reliable
treatment of  Rehabilitate the existing UGD
collection,
Sewerage sewerage water system
treatment, and
and safe discharge  Develop decentralised
reuse/disposal
into the rivers sewerage system and
of wastewater
 Explore reuse and sewerage treatment plants
recycling of across the city
wastewater  Explore the recycling
 Maximize cost technologies for the better use
recovery and of treated water for potable use
collection
efficiency
 Improve storm
Strom water To provide  Rehabilitate the surface drain
water collection
drainage effective network in city
efficiency with

drainage proper drainage  Map the entire water regime of

system system the city and changes in natural
 Rejuvenate the course
existing natural  Channelize and desilt the major
drainage course in natural drainage course in the
the city city and develop green belt
 Minimize along the natural courses
incidences of  Ensure effective
water logging and implementation of the building
flooding in the city bye-laws and development
control regulations to avoid
constructions along
ponds/natural drainage system
 Make rainwater harvesting
system mandatory for
upcoming developments in the
city
 Ensure 100%
 Ensure effective
door-to-door
implementation of outreach
To introduce collection and
mechanisms to improve door-
efficient segregation of
to-door collection and
integrated solid waste at source
segregation at source
waste  Maximize
 Improve the infrastructure
management recycling and
Solid waste related to treatment of waste for
system reuse capacity and
management recovery of 50% waste
complying with minimize disposal
collected
the municipal at landfill
 Develop the dumping yard as a
solid waste  Follow scientific
regional landfill site with
(MSW)2000 waste disposal
scientific closure mechanism
rules mechanism as per
 Define the new solid waste
the CPHEEO
management user charges
norms
 Maximize the
 Develop intelligent traffic
share of public
management system in the city
To make city a transport and
 Improve traffic management
transportation minimize traffic
systems by diverting traffic and
node for the congestion
creating one-way traffic system
Urban roads, region with  Minimize road
in congested roads
traffic and efficient road accidents and
 Undertake junction
transportation network and improve the
improvement and road re-
safe, reliable pedestrian related
sectioning to curb fatal
public transport infrastructure
accidents
system  Improve parking
 Ensure that 50% of the roads
facilities across the
have 1.5 m wide footpath
city

 Widen the existing rail over

bridges to increase the travel
time and avoid congestion
 Develop bus shelters with toilet
facilities
 Develop multi-storied parking
and paid parking at busy and
congested areas
 Provide affordable housing for
slum dwellers residing in non-
tenable areas
 Undertake in situ up-gradation
in incremental manner in the
existing slums
 Improve the access to
 Ensure 100% coverage of
physical and social
piped water supply, public
infrastructure to slum
To become a toilets, sewerage network, and
dwellers
Urban poverty slum-free city door-to-door waste collection
 Develop livelihood
by 2041  Improve hygiene conditions in
strategies to improve
slums by providing basic
work force
infrastructure facilities
participation
 Ensure that
government/municipal schools
are accessible to slum dwellers
 Develop community centres,
senior citizen clubs, and
welfare clubs in each ward
 Frame a policy to
reduce pollution
and ensure
effective use of
natural resources
in the city  Develop walking tracks around
To provide a  Develop green water bodies/Mahananda River
pollution-free zones/breathing banks on priority basis
Urban and sustainable spaces in the city  Construct rainwater harvesting
environment living to improve the pits to increase ground water
environment to quality of life levels in the city
the citizens  Utilize the potential  Increase the surface area
for ecosystem under green cover
service to improve
resilience,
subsistence, and
livelihoods in the
city

16.8 Third city-level stakeholder consultation

The third city-level stakeholder workshop (draft stage) was conducted on 16th February 2015 at SMC.
The workshop was attended by 45 participants including officials from SMC and parastatal agencies,
and other stakeholders.
The Commissioner of SMC and CEO of SJDA chaired the workshop. The agenda for the workshop is
provided below.
Table 94: Agenda for stakeholder workshop at draft stage
Agenda From To Speaker

Presentation on draft 2:00 PM 2:45 PM Key expert, CRISIL
CDP
Interaction with the 2:45 PM 3:00 PM Open discussion

stakeholders
Final remarks 3:00 PM 03:10 PM SMC commissioner,
CEO, SJDA
Vote of thanks 3:10 PM 3:20 PM SMC commissioner
CRIS team made a presentation on city-level assessment, sector-wise demand-gap analysis, projects
identified, and capital investment plan for the city. Further, the team discussed the financial
sustainability of SMC to take up the projects under various scenarios.
CRIS team requested the stakeholders to provide inputs/suggestions on the proposed projects for the
city. The SMC commissioner stressed on the river front development project.
The stakeholders have presented following suggestions and areas of concerns
Suggestions on city development

 Improvement of roads (widening/flyovers) and intersections to reduce the traffic congestions;
 Multilevel car parking facilities Hill cart and Sevoke roads;
 Underground drainage system development and Sewerage treatment plan;
 River front development plan for River Mahananda
 There is a need to conduct awareness campaigns on door to door collection.
 Solid waste management could be successful only with community participation. Hence self-
help groups could be engaged in IEC campaigns.
 SMC should strictly enforce and implement the plastic waste rules of 2011 which regulate
the use, collection, segregation and disposal of plastic bags.
 Strict implementation of building byelaws to reduce risk levels of disasters (earth quake)
16.9 Fourth city-level stakeholder consultation

The fourth city-level stakeholder workshop (final stage) was conducted on 12th March 2015 at SMC.
The workshop had about 40 participants including officials from SMC and parastatal agencies and other
stakeholders.
The commissioner of SMC chaired the workshop. The agenda for the workshop is provided below.
Table 95: Agenda for stakeholder workshop at final stage

Agenda From To Speaker
Presentation on draft 2:00 PM 2:30 PM Key expert, CRISIL
CDP

Interaction with the 2:30 PM 3:00 PM Open discussion

stakeholders
Final remarks 3:00 PM 03:10 PM SMC commissioner
Vote of thanks 3:10 PM 3:20 PM SMC commissioner
CRIS team made a presentation on the sector-wise demand-gap analysis, projects identified, and
capital investment plan for the city. Further, the team discussed the financial sustainability of SMC to
take up the projects under various scenarios.
CRIS team requested the stakeholder to provide their inputs/suggestions on the proposed projects for
the city.
The stakeholders have presented following suggestions and areas of concerns
Suggestions on city development

 Development of Tea museum in city;
 Development of another sport complex/playground for the city; and
 Walkways along the River banks of Mahananda

17. Sector Plan, Strategies and Investment Plan

Sector plans in line with the identified vision for the city has been prepared through a comprehensive
process of gap assessment and through stakeholder
consultation. This assessment has also led to the The phasing of the identified projects and
identification of sector specific strategies, investments is based on the following
implementation actions, and associated reforms with principles:
specific inputs from stakeholders too.
 Priority needs, with developed areas
The strategies adopted primarily have three receiving priority over future
dimensions: improving the service delivery by development area
efficiency measures, improving service delivery by  Inter and intra-service linkages, viz.
creating infrastructure assets: and improving the water supply investments shall be
complemented by corresponding
governance aspects. This section summarises the
sewerage/sanitation improvements
sector plans and capital investments required for
 Size and duration of the requirements,
creating infrastructure assets and various strategic
including preparation and
interventions required in the implementation of such implementation period
projects.
 Project-linked revenue implications
The need for the CIP is on account of:
 Assessment of city growth and infrastructure needs
 Scheduling of investments for on-going projects
 Assigning of priorities within the constraints of available financial resources
The CIP is the multi-year scheduling of identified and prioritized investments. The scheduling or phasing
of the plan is based on:
 Studies of fiscal resource availability (for new investments and O&M),
 Technical capacity for construction and O&M, and
 The choice of specific improvements to be carried out for a period of four to five years.
17.1 Institutionalizing CIP

The CIP is an important element and is significant in terms of the city’s management process and
sustainability with regard to the delivery of basic services. The CIP also provides a framework for the
annual budget cycle for the future 6-10 year period. The CIP identifies the roles and responsibilities of
various stakeholders in the implementation of identified projects. The CIP involved the identification of
public capital facilities to cater to the demand of the city population for the medium and long term
infrastructure needs.
The project identification has been carried out through a demand-gap analysis and the stakeholder
consultation. Further, project prioritisation and strategising of the investments/phasing of investment
are based on the strategies listed out under each service sector as identified through stakeholder
consultations. The projects derived are aimed at ensuring the optimal and efficient utilisation of existing
infrastructure systems and enhancing the capacity of the systems/services to cater to the demands of
future population additions. Certain projects have been identified in consultation with the stakeholders.
The CIP and forecasted future needs for provision of capital facilities under each identified sector are
presented below. These assets will help to universalise services for the current population as well as
accommodate the expected increase in population.

In sectors where long-term planning is required (for example, source development for water supply,
sewerage, etc.), a 25-year planning horizon is considered. Assets created in such sectors consider the
projected population in this horizon. These infrastructure assets would not only guarantee services to
the citizens but also signal a proactive commitment to potential investors considering the region.
17.2 Water supply sector plan

As discussed in the water supply section, the key challenges in water supply sector are dependence of
multiple systems of water supply, losses in the distribution system due to old distribution network and
uneven water supply distribution across the city. Further, the new areas have not been covered with
the water supply network. In order to estimate the investment priorities in this sector, the gap analysis
has been carried out to analyse the current deficit in the system and future requirement for the design
year 2041. The sector plan for water supply improvement in the city has been presented in the table
below.
Table 96: Water supply sector plan
Water Supply Sector

Sector goals  Provide 24 X 7 water supply
 The quality of the water should meet the CPHEEO standards.
 Undertake tariff revision and reduction to achieve 100% O&M cost
recovery
 Minimize the energy consumption during water supply operations
Design  Base year as 2013 and design year as 2041
parameters  Demand estimation based on the projected population for SMC and
additional 25,000 population per day (floating population)
 Daily water supply demand (162 LPCD) calculated on the basis of daily per
capita water supply norm (135 LPCD +20% Un accounted for Water)
 Quality of water as per CPHEEO standards
 100% treatment capacity
 33% of water supplied as storage capacity
 Distribution network coverage – 80% of road network
 Cost recovery through user charges (100% O&M expenses)
Demand gap 2021 2041
Current
assessment Component 2014 (Short term) (long term)
gap
Demand Gap Demand Gap
Source (Daily
70 22 116 46 184 114
Supply in MLD)
Distribution
network coverage 418 407 898 480 898 480
(km)
Elevated Storage
18 12 38 20 61 43
capacity (MLD)
Treatment
capacity (% of 55 33 116 61 184 129
Water Supply)
Desired 2014 2017 2019 2021 Remarks
outcomes Network coverage
33% 60% 100% 100% -
to households
Per capita supply
123 129 135 135 -
(LPCD)
24x7 water supply 0% 50% 70% 100% -
Quality of water 100% 100% 100% 100% -
Non-revenue
55% 30% 30% 30% -
water

Consumer
0% 50% 70% 100% -
metering
Cost recovery 34% 100% 100% 100% -
Action Plans Activities

Increase the  Increase water supply coverage through individual service connections.
household level  Provide water supply to newly developed/developing areas and uncovered
coverage areas.
Water Supply  This focuses on partial or complete refurbishing of the existing water
System distribution pipeline.
Rehabilitation  The old, defunct, and inadequate piping system needs to be replaced by a
Plan proper distribution network.
Comprehensive  This focuses on source augmentation, adequate storage, and distribution
Water Supply network and treatment facilities for future requirement.
Plan
Operation and  This focuses on development of the asset inventory.

Maintenance  Conducting workshops on water supply and other services to educate the
Plan citizens.
 Preparation of training calendar to impart training to all the staff members
throughout the year on O&M of assets
 Trainings for expenditure control and reduction of O&M cost on key services.
Unit Rates Component Unit Unit Cost (Rs in Lakhs)
New Raw water mains Kms 40
Treatment Gap -New WTP MLD 50
requirement
New CWM Kms 30
Replacement of ESR (capacity) MLD 80
New ESRs Capacity No.s 100
New network KM 25
Domestic Meters No. 0.02
Bulk Flow meters No. 5
SCADA Lump Sum 500
Water Audit Lump Sum 200
Water quality monitoring Lump Sum 200
17.2.1 Capital Investment Plan

Based on the above key requirements in the water supply sector, the capital investment plan for water
supply project is presented in the below table.
Table 97: Water supply capital investment plan

Estimated cost
Project Sub project
in Rs. Crores
A) Augmentation of Water 1. Augmentation of additional 114 MLD
supply source and water supply system of Siliguri.
80
construction of raw water
mains for the city
B)Treatment capacity and 1. Construction of Water Treatment Plants
clear water mains (WTPs) with a capacity of 129 MLD for 58
Siliguri city for 2041 demand
c) Elevated storage capacity 1. Construction of ESRs with a storage
68
capacity of 20 MLD and refurbishment of
old ESRs (number) across the city.

Estimated cost
Project Sub project
in Rs. Crores
D) Distribution network 1. Laying of new distribution network of 480
172
kms
2. Replacement of old distribution network
(80% of existing network)
E) Metering and leak 1) Installation of domestic water meters
detection and installation of across the city
SCADA system 2) Installation of bulk flow meters 11
3) Installation of SCADA system to monitor
the water supply losses in the distribution
Total investment identified 389
Total investment required for 204116 337
17.2.2 Project details

The key projects and project details in water supply sector is presented in the below table.
Table 98: Water supply project details
Project Project details
 There is a current gap of 45 MLD in the existing water supply
demand. Further, in order to meet the future requirement for the
A) Augmentation of
ultimate population of 2041, the city requires around 114 MLD of
Water supply source
additional water. However, the existing water supply sources could
and construction of
not compensate the same. Hence new source augmentation has
raw water mains for
been envisaged.
the city
 It has been identified that the new water supply source would be
river Balason and from Mahananda intake.
 The current treatment capacity is adequate to meet the treated
water requirement in the core SMC area. However, most of the new
areas are dependent on ground water source and lack conventional
B)Treatment capacity
treatment capacity.
and clear water mains
 In order to meet the water quality issues in new areas and future
population growth, additional 129 MLD of treatment capacity has
been estimated for the year 2041.
 The future requirement for storage capacity for the design year 2041
c) Elevated storage has been forecasted to cater to the desired water supply.
capacity  The capital investment has been envisaged for developing new ESR
(43 MLD for 2041) capacity and refurbishment of old ESRs in the
core city.
 The distribution network is the most critical component in the water
supply system for Siliguri city.
 It is recommended that the network in new areas be laid in an
D) Distribution
incremental manner in the dense settlements.
network
 The system may be integrated with the existing transmission and
distribution system in the city by laying clear water mains.
 The investment has been envisaged for laying of new distribution
network requirement and replacement of the old network.
16
The investment identified for 2041 is towards additional components which are not covered in the WBDMA.

Project Project details
 One of the key strategies suggested by the stakeholders is to

develop the existing water supply system to 24x7 water supply
E) Metering and leak
system.
detection and
 This suggested system would be sustainable only if 100% metering
installation of SCADA
is achieved at intake and outflow points and at the consumer end.
system
 Further, in order to prevent transmission and distribution losses,
regular water monitoring and SCADA system has been proposed.
17.2.3 Phasing of investment

It may be noted that SMC is already implementing the water supply improvement. Hence, as indicated
in the table below, no additional investment has been identified in water supply sector for the year 2021-
22.
Table 99: Water Supply Phasing

20 20 20 20 20 20
Implem 2015-
16- 17- 18- 19- 20- 21-
enting Total 16
Sector/Component 17 18 19 20 21 22
agency
(Rs. In Crores)
Augmentation of Water supply
A source and construction of SMC 80 8 32 40 0 0 0 0
raw water mains for the city
Treatment capacity and clear
B SMC 42 4 25 13 0 0 0 0
water mains
C Elevated storage capacity SMC 32 3 13 16 0 0 0 0
D Distribution network SMC 172 17 57 62 36 0 0 0
E Metering of connections SMC 11 2 7 2 0 0 0 0
Total 337 34 134 133 36 0 0 0
17.2.4 Possibility of PPP

The entire project from source augmentation to metering of water connections can be developed on the
public-private partnership mode.
Under PPP, SMC would undertake implementation of O&M of water supply system which involves the
following steps:
 SMC shall fix the tariff for water user charges.
 Handover the assets to the operator for operation and maintenance
 Billing and collection of the water charges should be done by the private operator.
 The assets would be maintained by the private operator, and SMC shall pay revenues
to the private operator.
Under the PPP model, the developer would have the following responsibilities
• The entire project can be awarded for a period of 30 years
• Developers can bid on either tariff required to operate and maintain the project or
annuity support from SMC
Key service level parameters
SMC need to set performance parameters for the private developer to be obliged during the contract
period. The performance parameters would in the area of;
 daily hours of supply

 supply levels as stipulated by SMC

 quality of water as per CPHEEO norms
 Improvement in coverage of water supply connections
 Reduction in non-revenue water
 Improvement in collection efficiency
 Frequency of billing of water bills
 No. of complaints received
Key note:
SMC would require to appoint a transaction advisor to undertake a detailed feasibility assessment,
preparation of bid documents (request for qualification – RFQ, request for proposal – RFP), and bid
process management leading to award of contract to private developer.
17.3 Sewerage and Sanitation sector plan

As mentioned in the sewerage assessment section, the properties in SMC are not connected to the
Under Ground Sewerage (UGD) network. There is no UGD system in the area and the whole system
is dependent on the Private Septic Tanks. Therefore, SMC should develop comprehensive sewerage
system in the city. As per the gap analysis, the city requires 147 MLD capacity of sewerage treatment
plan by the end of 2041. Also, for the short term requirement (2021), the city requires 93 MLD STPs
and 898 km of branch sewer lines. The sector plan for sewerage and sanitation system in the city has
been presented in the table below.
Table 100: Sewerage sector plan
Sewerage and Sanitation Sector
Sector goals  Develop decentralized sewerage collection, treatment, and disposal system
within SMC limits
 Ensure 100% treatment of sewerage water and safe discharge into the rivers
 Explore the reuse and recycled of wastewater
 Maximize the cost recovery and collection efficiency
Design  Base year as 2013 and design year as 2041
parameters  Treatment capacity – 80% of water supply
 Sewerage pumping systems – as per the system design and topography of the
city
 Sewer network would cover 75% of road network in the city
 Household level coverage – Sewerage connections as percentage of water
supply connections (80-90%)

assessment Current (Short term) (long term)
Component 2014
gap Deman Deman
Gap Gap
d d
UGD network (km) 0 825 898 898 898 898
Sewerage
Treatment Plant 0 56 93 93 147 147
(MLD)
outcomes
Households -
0% 60% 80% 100%
covered with UGD
Treatment capacity 0% 60% 80% 100% -
Reuse and
recycling of 0% 5% 10% 20% -
wastewater
Cost recovery on -
0% 60% 80% 100%
sewerage services

Sewerage user
charges -collection 0% 60% 70% 80% -
efficiency
Action
Activities
Plans
Comprehen  Achieve 100% coverage of sewerage network within SMC limits
sive  Replace the existing out-dated sewerage network
sewerage  Explore cost effective STPs to meet the present and future demand
plan  Decentralised STPs within the zones
 Explore treatment technologies such as sequential batch reactor which
consumes less area
Institutional  To develop sludge management in initial phase and phase out onsite sewage
strengtheni disposal mechanisms.
ng and  Increase the sewerage user charges to meet the O&M expenses for new
capacity infrastructure to be developed
building
Operation  Develop the asset inventory
and  Conduct the workshops on sewerage sector to educate the citizens
maintenanc  Prepare the training calendar and provide trainings to all the staff members
e plan throughout the year on O&M of assets
Faecal  Carry out mapping of onsite sanitary disposal systems in the city
sludge  Faecal sludge management to be carried out at regular intervals
manageme
nt
New Branch sewerage lines Km 40
Sewage Treatment Plant MLD 40

Based on the above key requirements in the sewerage and sanitation sector, the capital investment
plan for 2021 and 2041 has been estimated and presented in the below table.
Table 101: Projects identified and phasing – Sewerage and sanitation

Investment
Project Sub project estimated in Rs.
crores
A. Construction of Under
1. Construction of Under Ground
Ground Sewerage network
Drainage of 898 kms for 2041 for 359
for 2041 for Siliguri
Siliguri city
B. Construction of Sewerage
1. Construction of 147 MLD Sewerage
Treatment Plant 59
Treatment Plant for 2041
C. Construction of public 1. Constrcution of 10 public toilets b
1
toilets 2041
D. Sewerage cleaning 1. Purchase of sewerage cleaning
2
equipment equipment


The key projects and project details in sewerage sector have been presented in the below table.
Table 102: Projects Details – Sewerage and sanitation
Project Project Details
A. Construction of Under Ground
Sewerage network for 2041 for  It has been estimated that a network of 898 km of
Siliguri branch/house sewers would be required by 2041.
 For a city like Siliguri, where availability of land is a

major constraint, a technology like sequential batch
B. Construction of Sewerage
reactor would substantially reduce the area required per
Treatment Plant
ML.
 It is assumed that the city requires about 147 MLD of
STP by the end of 2041.
 The project involves construction of public toilets in
C. Construction of public toilets
public places, near bus terminals and slums.
 Sewerage equipment purchase to details the drains at
D. Sewerage cleaning equipment
regular intervals.

The phasing of investment has been carried out for short term horizon (2021). The sewerage project
components have been divided into various components and timelines have been proposed for
implementation purpose. The phasing of investment and implementing agency for sewerage and
sanitation sector for 2021 has been presented in the table below.
Table 103: Project Phasing – Sewerage and sanitation

201 201 201 201 201 202 202
Implementi Total 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 0- 1-
Sector/Component ng agency 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
(Rs. In Crore)
Construction of Under
Ground Sewerage 35. 107 107 107
A SMC 359.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
network for 2041 for 9 .7 .7 .7
Siliguri
Construction of Sewerage
28. 14.
B Treatment Plant SMC 47.4 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 2
Construction of public
C SMC 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
toilets
Sewerage cleaning
D SMC 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
equipment
41. 136 122 107
408.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 9 .4 .0 .7
17.3.4 Possibility of PPP

SMC could undertake Construction, Operation, and maintenance of STPs under PPP model:
 Invest SMC’s financial contribution and take care of any additional cost under the project
 The project can be awarded for a period of 30 years
Under the PPP model, the developer would have the following responsibilities
 SMC shall handover the land for construction of STPs.
 O&M of STPs has to be carried out by private operator as per the contract period.

 The operator would be responsible for the O&M of STPs and further selling of the treated
sewerage water to potential users.
 The revenue sharing between SMC and the private operator can be explored.
 SMC can ask private developer to consider selling of treated water as part of contract
 SMC need to set performance parameters for the private developer to be obliged during the
contract period.
 The annuity payment should be a factor of performance parameters achieved by the
developer
Key service level parameters
 The performance parameters would in the area of

o Quality of treated water
o Number of closure days of STP
Key note
The above model is indicative. SMC would require to appoint a transaction advisor to undertake a
detailed feasibility assessment, preparation of bid documents (request for qualification – RFQ, request
for proposal – RFP), and bid process management leading to award of contract to a private developer.
17.4 Solid Waste Management sector plan

As mentioned in the Solid Waste Management sector assessment, the coverage of door-to-door waste
collection in the city is about 82%. However there is no waste recovery mechanism and scientific landfill
site. The current gap in fleet requirement is 450 MT, and the demand for 2041 has been estimated as
630 MT. The sector plan for Solid Waste Management in SMC has been presented in the table below.
Table 104: Solid Waste Management sector plan

Solid Waste Management Sector
Sector goals  Effective implementation of outreach mechanisms to improve door-to-door
collection and segregation at source
 Improve the infrastructure related to treatment of waste (to ensure recovery
of at least 50% waste collected)
 Develop dumping yard as a regional landfill site with scientific closure
mechanism
 Introduce new solid waste management user charges.
Design  All the households should be covered with the door-to-door waste collection
parameters system.
 Segregation of waste at source – (ensure 70 % of waste would be
segregated at the source)
 Optimum fleet utilization (No. of trips/ vehicle/ day - average minimum of 2)
 Desired SWM treatment capacity – 50% of generated waste
 Desired landfill site– 50% of the waste generated
assessment Current (Short term) (long term)
Component 2014
gap Deman Deman
Gap Gap
d d
Vehicles for
transportation of
617 450 964 348 1576 959
waste (capacity in
MT)
Construction of
Waste Processing 0 231 231 378 378
facility (In MT)
Development of
scientific landfill 0 280 24 24 107 107
facility (in Acres)
2013 2017 2019 2021 Remarks
Desired Door-to-door -
82% 100% 100% 100%
outcomes waste collection
Segregation at -
0% 60% 80% 100%
source
Mechanised waste 20% 60% 80% 100% -
handling
Waste treatment 0% 10% 30% 50% -
capacity
Scientific waste 0% 75% 80% 100% -
disposal
Cost recovery of 0% 80% 100% 100% -

O&M
Private sector 0% 50% 100% Comple -

participation primary primary te
waste waste collectio
collectio collectio n,
n n transpo
rt,
treatme
nt, and
disposa
l
Door-to-door  Door-to-door waste collection should be implemented across SMC. The

waste collection taskforce should be appointed for the effective implementation of the
programme and further to achieve the desired goals.
Source
 The segregation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes should
segregation and
be done at the source level.
collection of
commercial
 This segregation of waste would improve the recovery from waste
collected since the calorific value of the dry waste is not affected.
waste
Composting of  About 50% of the waste generated in the city is organic in nature.
organic waste  Hence, the technology and treatment plant should be in line with the waste
generated in the city.
Scientific landfill  A regional landfill site with closure mechanism for inorganic wastes is to be
developed in accordance with the CPHEEO norms.
IEC  For effective solid waste management in the city, regular awareness
campaigns have to be conducted in the city on 4R strategy (reduces, reuse,
recycle, and recover).
Unit rates Component Unit Unit Cost (Rs in Lakhs)
Waste processing & Compost Plant MT/day 25

Landfill site Per acre 30

Based on the above key requirements in the SWM sector, the capital investment plan for Solid waste
management is presented in the below table.

Table 105: Projects identified – Solid waste management

Investment
Project Sub project estimated in Rs.
crores
1. Arranging Vehicles and development

A. Vehicles for transportation of
of scientific resource management 24
waste (capacity in MT)
and IEC
1. Construction of 231 MT waste

B. Construction of Waste
processing and compost plant for 2021 57
Processing facility
for Siliguri city
C. Development of scientific 1. Construction of 24 acres landfill facility

27
landfill facility for 2021 for Siliguri
D. Construction of Biogas plant 5
1. Purchase of equipment for primary
E. Primary collection collection 4
2. IEC and awareness campaigns

The key projects and project details in SWM sector is presented in the below table:
Table 106: Projects Details – Solid waste management
Project Details
 The components envisaged under collection
system are push carts (1 push cart for 350
Household), tippers, tractors etc and community
A. Vehicles for transportation of waste
bins along the main roads.
(capacity in MT)
 Information and education campaigns (IEC) are
recommended for effective primary collection and
segregation at source.
 Investment envisaged towards development of
compost plant cum waste processing plant & RDF
plant.
 Windrow composting plant: The method involves
construction of compost plant for a controlled
aerobic decomposition of organic waste in a
B. Construction of Waste Processing
facility windrow composting process to avoid methane
emissions from anaerobic decomposition of
municipal solid waste (MSW).The aerated
composting process not only avoids methane
emissions but also results in compost as a product
that can be utilized as organic fertilizer.
 The area required for scientific landfill has been

projected in view of accumulated waste and future
C. Development of scientific landfill waste generation.
facility  It is assumed that on development of treatment
facility, about 50% of waste would be sent for
landfilling.

Project Details
 Accordingly, the investment has been envisaged for
the development of a landfill of 24 acres with
required infrastructure.
 Investment envisaged towards development of
D. Construction of Biogas plant compost plant cum waste processing plant, RDF
plant and Bio gas plant.
 The components envisaged under primary
collection are push carts and community bins along
the main roads.
E. Primary collection
 Information and education campaigns (IEC) are
recommended for effective primary collection and
segregation at source.

The SWM project components have been divided into various components for implementation purpose.
Further, the timeliness and implementing agency have been proposed for each component, and the
same have been presented in the table below.
Table 107: Phasing of investment – Solid waste management
Imple 201
Tota 2016 2017 2018 201
mentin 5-
l -17 -18 -19 9-20
g 16
Sector/Component agenc
(Rs. In Crores)
y
Vehicles for transportation of waste SMC
A (capacity in MT) 8.7 0.0 1.7 7.0 0.0 0.0
B Construction of Waste Processing facility SMC 15.2 0.0 1.5 3.0 10.6 0.0
C Development of scientific landfill facility SMC 45.0 0.0 4.5 9.0 31.5 0.0
D Construction of Biogas plant SMC 5.0 0.0 2.5 2.5 0.0 0.0
E Primary collection SMC 2.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0
Total 75.9 0.0 11.3 22.5 42.2 0.0
17.4.4 Possible PPP interventions

 PPPs in SWM are in accordance to nature of work, viz.,
 Collection and transportation of waste
 Landfilling
 Composting
 SMC can explore PPP in collection and transportation of waste under which
o SMC would procure the vehicles or can ask a private developer to deploy vehicles
and manpower
o Undertake door to door collection of waste from all residential and commercial
premises
o Such contracts can be awarded for 1 or 2 years and can be renewed based on
performance
o The private operator can bid on the tipping fee per ton of waste collected
o SMC need to set performance parameters for the private developer to be obliged
during the contract period. The tipping fee should be a factor of performance
parameters achieved by the developer
o The performance parameters would in the area of
 Coverage of door to door collection of waste
 Amount of waste collected
 Complaints received

 Landfilling – This can be developed on BOT basis. SMC would provide the land to the
developer, and the developer shall be responsible for the construction and O&M of the facility.
The private developer can bid on annuity support required to construct and operate and maintain
the project.
 Composting – SMC may create market by floating tenders wherein the developer can be asked
to set up a composting facility, and the maximum contribution from the revenues bid by the
developer shall be the winning bid.
SMC would require to appoint a transaction advisor to undertake detailed feasibility and preparation of
bid documents (request for qualification – RFQ, request for proposal – RFP) and bid process
management leading to award of contract to private developer.
17.5 Storm Water Drainage Sector Plan

As discussed in the sector assessment, about 83% of road network is covered with the open drainage
system. There is about 10-15 water logging areas and the water logging has been reported during the
monsoons.
Table 108: Strom Water Drainage sector plan

Strom Water Drainage sector
 Improve the storm water collection efficiency with proper drainage system
Sector goals  Rejuvenate the existing natural drainage course in the city
 Minimize the water logging areas and flooding incidence in the city
 Storm water network on all roads and link to major channels.
Design  Storm water drains as percentage of road length is considered as 130%.
parameters  Roads with dividers should have drains on either side of the road.
 90% of the storm water drains as pucca closed
 Size of drains to be designed according to the rainfall and runoff.
2021 2041
Current
Component 2014 (Short term) (long term)
gap
Demand gap
assessment
Closed Pukka
13 792 861 848 861 848
drains (km)
2013 2017 2019 2021 Remarks

Storm water
drainage network 84% 100% 100% 100% -
coverage
Desired Rehabilitation of
existing pucca 20% 50% 80% 100% -
outcomes
drains
Rehabilitation of
existing primary
- 40% 60% 80% -
nallahs and
primary drains
Storm water  Assessment of percentage of pucca and kutcha surface drains within SMC
drainage limits
rehabilitation  Identification of water logging areas, contour survey of areas
plan  Development of pre-monsoon maintenance plan to include cleaning and
desilting of the surface drains
Rehabilitation  Unregulated constructions and siltation along these channels hamper the
and drainage system during the monsoon.
strengthening of  Hence, it is important that these nallahs to be mapped and developed with
nallahs retaining walls.

Strom Water Drainage sector

Up-gradation of
roadside storm  Upgrade and extend the road side surface drains across the city.
water drains
Component Unit Unit Cost (Rs in Lakhs)
Rehabilitation of Vagus /Nallahs - Primary SWD
Unit Rates Earthen portion Per km 80
Semi pucca nallahs Per km 100
Up gradation of SWD network Per km 35

Based on the above key requirements in the storm water drainage sector, the capital investment plan
for storm water drainage is presented in the below table.
Table 109: Projects identified – Storm water drainage

Estimated cost in Rs.
Project Sub Project
Crores
Construction of 848 kms of
A. Construction of new Pukka
Pucca drains by 2021 for 424
Closed Drains
Siliguri city

The key projects and project details in storm water drainage is presented in the below table.
Table 110: Projects Details – Storm water drainage
Projects Project Details
A. Construction of new  Development 848 km of pucca drains for the design year
Pukka Closed Drains 2021.

The storm water drainage project components have been divided into various components for
implementation purpose. Further, the timeliness and implementing agency have been proposed for
each component, and the same have been presented in the table below.
Table 111: Phasing of Investment – Storm water drainage
Implem Tot 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
enting al -16 -17 -18 -19 -20 -21 -22
Sector/Component agency
(Rs. In Crores)
Construction of new
B SMC 424 0 42 85 254 43 0 0
Pukka Closed Drains
Total 424 0 42 85 254 43 0 0
17.6 Urban roads, traffic and transportation sector plan

The city does not have 100% coverage of Cement Concrete /Bitumen Tar surface roads. Pedestrian
safety and increasing accident rate are the other major concerns. Lack of foot over bridges and zebra
crossing on major congested roads is an issue in the city. The city doesn’t have a proper public transport
system. All the major roads have on-street parking, which reduces the effective right of way.

Table 112: Urban Roads and Traffic and Transportation

Urban Roads and Traffic and Transportation
Maximize the share of public transport and reduce traffic congestion
Sector goals Minimize road accidents and improve the pedestrian related infrastructure
Improve parking facilities across the city
Develop green buffers along NH, SH and major arteries
 At least 60% of the roads must have footpaths (i.e., roads of 20 feet and
above).
Design  As per Development Plan, 13% of land use to be under roads.
parameters  All roads have to be surfaced with about 15% being concrete roads.
 All major roads should have utility corridors for laying of telecom, gas, and
electrical infrastructure in future.
 Streetlight spacing – should be 30 m between the poles
2021 2041
Current
Component 2014 (Short term) (long term)
gap
Up-gradation of
road network BT to 80 3 90 10 90 10
CC (km)
Up-gradation of
Demand gap road network
assessment 95 95 - - - -
WBM & Earthen to
BT (km)
New Black Top
650 92.5 808 158 808 158
Roads
High Power Lamp 2197 25575 27834 25637 27834 25637
High Mast Lamp 75 550 599 524 599 524

2013 2017 2019 2021 Remarks
% of surfaced
Desired 85% 100% 100% 100% -
roads
outcomes Reduction in travel
- 80% 100% 100% -
time
Transport safety - 60% 80% 100% -
 Ensuring good roads by extension of road network system has been

proposed in hierarchical manner comprising arterial, sub arterial, collector
and local roads within a radial ring system.
 Encouraging public transport by developing Public transport network and
Integrated
transport plan development of bus bays, bus stands/shelters
for Siliguri  Regularisation of hawking zones and parking management
 Encouraging Non-motorised traffic including development of cycle tracks,
pedestrian crossings, walkways in the city.
 Prohibition of truck traffic in the city during day time by developing logistic
parks
 Widening and upgrading the arterial, sub arterial and collector roads as well
Development
of Transport as improving the residential streets
Infrastructure  Development of skywalks/subways, pathways, cycle tracks
 Development of logistics park/truck terminals at outskirts of the city

Urban Roads and Traffic and Transportation

 Development of transit centres for changing the modes inside city and at the
new TOD centres
 Development of elevated road corridor in the city
 Development of outer Ring Road
Component Unit Unit Cost (Rs in Lakhs)
Up gradation BT to CC Km 60
Unit Rates
Up gradation WBM & Earthen to BT Km 15
New Black Top Roads Km 25

Based on the above key requirements in the traffic and transportation sector, the capital investment
plan for traffic and transportation is presented in the below table.
Table 113: Projects identified – Traffic and transportation

Estimated cost
Project Sub project
in Rs. Crores
A. Up-gradation of 1. Upgrade BT to CC
road network
20
WBM & Earthen
2. Upgrade from WBM & Earthen to BT
to BT (km)
B. New Black Top

1. Laying of 150 Kms of new black top roads 40
Road
C. Widening and up 1. Widening and up gradation of Hill Cart Road.
gradation of 2. Widening and up gradation of Bidhan Road.
roads in core city 3. Widening and up gradation of Sevoke Road.
4. Widening and up gradation of Wall Fort Road.
100
5. Widening and up gradation of Nivedita Road.
6. Widening and up gradation of Station Feeder
Road.
7. Widening and up gradation of Road between
Jalpai More to matigara
D. Road network 1. Connectivity to Medical College on the western
system bank of Mahananda near Jalpai More
20
2. Widening of Road between Jalpai More to
matigara
E. Flyover or 1. Check Post More
Underpasses 2. Mallaguri Intersection
231
3. Between Nivedita road and Hill Cart road near
Gurung Basti.
F. Junction 1. Sevoke More
improvements 2. Pani Tanki More
3. Venus More
4. Air View More
34
5. Champasari More
6. Darjeeling More
7. Tinbatti More
8. Jalpai More

Estimated cost
Project Sub project
in Rs. Crores
G. Transit Oriented 1. Ambari Falakata
Development 2. Paribahan Nagar 100
(ToD)
H. Development of 1. Paribahan Nagar to the south of the NJP Railway
50
new bus stand Station
I. Relocation of 1. Relocation of Sikkim Bus Stand to Paribahan
existing bus Nagar
stand 2. Relocation of T.Norgey Bus Terminus to
20
Paribahan Nagar.
3. Relocation of P.C.Mittal Bus Terminal to
Paribahan Nagar.
J. Multi level 1. Near Sikkim Bus Stand
parking 2. T.Norgey Bust Stand (After Relocation) 6
3. P.C.Mittal Bus Stand (After Relocation)
K. Development of 1. Development of Pedestrian Facilities (1-2m
road safety wide) along Hill Cart Road
facilities in 2. Development of Pedestrian Facilities (1-2m
Siliguri city wide) along Bidhan Road
3
3. Development of Pedestrian Facilities (1-2m
wide) along Sevoke Road
4. Development of Pedestrian Facilities (1-2m
wide) along Nivideta and Station Feeder Road
L. Street Light 1. Installation of high power lamps by 2021 26
2. Installation of high mast lamps by 2021

The key projects and project details in traffic and transportation is presented in the below table.
Table 114: Projects Details– Traffic and transportation
A. Up-gradation of  Upgrade the present BT roads to CC roads
road network  Upgrade the present WBM & Earthen roads to BT roads
B. New Black Top
Road  Laying of 150 Kms of new black top roads
C. Widening and up
 The 7 stretches identified in comprehensive mobility plan have
gradation of roads
been proposed for widening and up gradation.
in core city
D. Road network  Constrctuion of road connecting to Medical College on the
system western bank of Mahananda near Jalpai More and widening of
Road between Jalpai More to matigara
E. Flyover or  To improve the accessibility within the City following flyovers
Underpasses. have been proposed.
o Check Post More
o Mallaguri Intersection
o Between Nivedita road and Hill Cart road near Gurung Basti.
F. Junction  The 8 prime junctions identified by the traffic police department
improvements have been considered for improvement.
 The junction improvement involves design and construction of
islands, installation of automated signalling systems.


G. Transit Oriented  The project involves transit oriented development at Ambari
Development (ToD) Falakata and Paribahan Nagar with transit centre and logistic
park.
H. Development of  Inorder to address the growing congestion in the existing bus
new bus stand terminals in the city a new bus station with all the necessary
amenities and workshop has been proposed at Paribahan
Nagar to the south of the NJP Railway Station.
I. Relocation of

existing bus stand
J. Multi-level parking  Multi-level car parking has been proposed in major commercial
areas near Sikkim Bus Stand, T.Norgey Bust Stand (After
Relocation) and P.C.Mittal Bus Stand (After Relocation).
K. Development of  Development of foot patchs along the identified road network
road safety facilities and improvising the Lane and Zebra Markings within SMC limits
in Siliguri city have been proposed.
L. Street Light  The project involves installation of 25637 high power lamps
and 524 high mast lamps by 2041.

The traffic and transportation project components have been divided into various components for
implementation purpose. Further, the timeliness and implementing agency have been proposed for
each component, and the same have been presented in the table below.
Table 115: Phasing of investment– Traffic and transportation

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 202
Implement Total
-16 -17 -18 -19 -20 -21 1-22
ing
Sector/Component
agency (Rs. In Crores)
Up-gradation of
A SMC 20.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 12.1 4.0 0.0
road network
New Black Top
B SMC 39.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.9 23.7 7.9 0.0
Road
Widening and up
C gradation of roads SMC 50.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 30.0 10.0 0.0
in core city
Road network
D SMC 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 5.9 2.0 0.0
system
Flyover or
E SMC 115.7 0.0 11.6 46.3 46.3 11.6 0.0 0.0
Underpasses
Junction
F SMC 16.8 0.0 1.7 6.7 6.7 1.7 0.0 0.0
improvements
Transit Oriented
G Development SJDA 50.0 0.0 5.0 20.0 20.0 5.0 0.0 0.0
(ToD)

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 202

Implement Total
-16 -17 -18 -19 -20 -21 1-22
ing
Sector/Component
agency (Rs. In Crores)
Development of
H State RTC 50.0 0.0 15.0 20.0 15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
new bus stand
Relocation of
I State RTC 20.0 0.0 10.0 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
existing bus stand
J Multi level parking SMC 6.0 0.0 0.6 2.4 2.4 0.6 0.0 0.0
Development of
road safety
K SMC 3.0 0.0 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.3 0.0 0.0
facilities in Siliguri
city
Street Light SMC 26.4 0.0 5.3 21.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
127. 115.
407.4 0.0 49.4 90.8 23.9 0.0
Total 8 5
17.7 Basic Services for Urban Poor Sector Plan

With respect to housing and basic services for the urban poor, the key challenges are dilapidated
housing and lack of service coverage in terms of individual toilets and social infrastructure facilities. The
sector plan for basic services for urban poor has been presented in the table below.
Table 116: Basic Services for Urban Poor sector plan
Basic Services for Urban Poor
Sector goals Improve the access to physical and social infrastructure to slum dwellers
Develop livelihood strategies to improve the work force participation
Design  New houses to households living in kutcha houses and dilapidated
parameters structures in merged areas
 Water Supply – Individual house service connections to all the slum
households or group connections
 Sewerage - Individual house service connections
 Sanitation – Community toilets
 Solid Waste Management - Coverage of all slum households under door-
to-door collection and awareness campaigns on source segregation
outcomes Pucca housing for the 48% 60% 100% 100% -
urban poor
Adequate access to 66% 80% 100% 100% -
water supply
Access to open drains 59% 80% 100% 100% -
Access to sanitation 70% 80% 100% 100% -
% of CC roads 73% 90% 100% 100% -

Access to UGD 0% 40% 80% 100% -
Access to health and 60% 80% 100% 100% -
education facilities

(based on discussions
with Municipal public
health officer)
Categorization  There are 154 declared and 31 undeclared slums.

of slums
Integrated  Slum networking strategies to be adopted to improve the services in the
development of slums.
slums  This would help in building the low cost service in the slums (especially in
water supply, sewerage, and SWM sector).
Rehabilitation of  Pucca housing with infrastructure facilities to be developed in feasible
slums locations.
Construction of  The slums in low lying areas and along the natural drains could be proposed
housing for relocation.
 A suitable financing strategy could be developed to minimize the burden on
the beneficiaries.
 The beneficiaries could be provided access to banks for availing the long-
term housing loans.
Access to  The health action plan should control the prevalent diseases and reduce the
health and infant mortality rate.
education  Access to emergency medical services should be provided to the BPL
population.
 The education action plan should involve renovation of existing municipal
schools and regular awareness campaigns to limit the dropout rates.
Livelihood  Activity centres to be established for skill development programmes
restoration
Slum Housing (16188 Units) LS 486

Based on the above key requirements in the basic services to urban poor sector, the capital investment
plan for basic services for urban poor is presented in the below table.
Table 117: Urban poverty alleviation – Projects identified

Project
Crores
A. Slum Housing (16,188 Units) 486
B. Insitu development of slums 154
C. Livelihood development 11
17.7.2 Project Details

The key projects and project details in basic services to urban poor is presented in the below table.
Table 118: Urban poverty alleviation – Projects Details
A. Affordable Housing (16188  New housing and infrastructure requirement for the year
Units) 2041.

 It is recommended that in slums where relocation is

B. Insitu development of slums
possible, in-situ up-gradation may be taken up.
 The project involves development of vocational training
C. Livelihood development for employment generation and development of social
security mechanisms

The basic services to urban poor project components have been divided into various components for
implementation purpose. Further, the timeliness been proposed for each component, and the same
have been presented in the table below.
Table 119: Urban poverty alleviation – Phasing of investment

Impleme 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Total
nting -16 -17 -18 -19 -20 -21 -22
(Rs. In Crores)
Affordable Housing
A SMC 486 49 97 146 194 0 0 0
(16188 Units)
Insitu development
B SMC
of slums 77 0 8 15 23 31 0 0
Livelihood
C SMC
development 5 0 1 1 2 2 0 0
Total 568 0 57 114 170 227 0 0
17.8 Social infrastructure Sector Plan

As discussed in the assessment chapter, the key challenges are lack of adequate education
infrastructure for pre-primary, primary, and higher secondary education. There is a need for health care
infrastructure at both neighbourhood and city level. Socio-cultural infrastructure like community centres
are to be developed in identified wards. Further, as discussed in the cultural resources section,
integrated heritage linked city development strategies are also proposed to preserve and reuse the
identified heritage structures in the city.
Table 120: Social infrastructure sector plan
Social Infrastructure
Design  Schools, hospitals, socio cultural and parks and playground requirements
parameters assessed as per URDPFI guidelines
Demand gap Component Existi 2021 2041
assessment for ng Demand Gap Demand Gap
education Primary school 79 145 64 226 147
infrastructure Senior secondary
13 96 83 151 138
school
assessment for ng Demand Gap Demand Gap
healthcare Dispensary 30 48 18 75 45
infrastructure Nursing home, child
welfare and 29 16 0 25 0
maternity centre
Multi-Specialty
3 7 4 11 8
Hospital (NBC)
Diagnostic centre 68 14 0 23 0

Social Infrastructure
Demand gap Veterinary Hospital
0 14 14 8 14
assessment for for pets and animals
veterinary Dispensary for pet 0 7 14 9 9
services animals and birds
assessment for ng Dema Gap Demand Gap
Socio cultural nd
infrastructure Community hall,
mangal karyayala, 31 48 17 75 44
barat ghar/ library
Music, dance and
11 7 0 11 0
drama centre
Recreational Club 74 7 0 11 0
assessment for ng Dema Gap Demand Gap
Parks and play nd
grounds Play grounds (in
7.77 263 255 334 415
hectares)
Action Plans  Identification of areas for development of new schools and hospitals.
 Development of schools with hostel facilities and schools for specially
abled children.
 Development of ward level community centers and Anganwadi.
 Development of night shelters, old age home in the city limits.
 Mapping of health care facilities in the city

Primary school LS 6
Senior secondary school LS 10
Multi-Specialty Hospital (NBC) LS 600
Diagnostic center LS 75
Community halls LS 8
Music, dance and drama center LS 8
Recreational Club LS 8
Play grounds Per Sq.meter 0.0005

Based on the above key requirements in the social infrastructure sector, the capital investment plan for
sociocultural infrastructure is presented in the below table.
Table 121: Socio cultural infrastructure – Projects identified

Estimated cost in
Project Sub Project
Rs. Crores
1. Development of school
A. Education Sector 50
infrastructure
1. Development of hospital
B. Health Sector 192
infrastructure
1. Development of socio cultural
C. Socio cultural infrastructure 6
infrastructure
1. Development of parks and
D. Parks and play grounds 28
play grounds


The key projects and project details in social infrastructure is presented in the below table.
Table 122: Socio cultural infrastructure – Projects Details
Project Details
 Renovation of existing dilapidated schools and
A. Education Sector construction of new schools in the newly added
areas.
 Development of urban health centres, intermediate
B. Health Sector hospitals, and one super speciality hospital within the
SMC limits
 Construction of ward level community centres,
C. Socio cultural infrastructure meditation and spiritual centres, libraries as per the
URDPFI guidelines.
 Up gradation of existing parks and development of
D. Parks and play grounds new parks at neighbourhood, community and city
level as per the URDPFI guidelines.
17.8.3 Phasing of projects

The social infrastructure project components have been divided into various components for
Table 123: Socio cultural infrastructure – Phasing of projects

Implement Total 201 201 201 201 201 202 20
ing 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 0- 21-
Sector/Component agency 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
(Rs. In Crores)
SMC &
State
Development of school Governme
A
infrastructure nt
department
s 25.9 0.0 0.0 2.6 5.2 7.8 7.8 2.6
SMC &
State
Development of hospital Governme
B
infrastructure nt
department 16. 32. 49. 49. 16.
s 163.7 0.0 0.0 4 7 1 1 4
SMC &
State
Development of socio
C Governme
cultural infrastructure
nt
department 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.2
Development of parks and
D SMC
play grounds 17.8 0.0 0.0 1.8 3.6 5.4 5.4 1.8
21. 41. 62. 62. 21.
Total
209.5 0.0 0.0 0 9 9 9 0
Note: it has been assumed that about 30% of the investment in health and education sector would be
borne by SMC alone. The rest of the investment would be taken up by respective state Government
departments.

17.9 Urban Environment Sector Plan

The two major interventions identified under urban environment are rejuvenation of water bodies and
pollution mitigation strategies. Under pollution mitigation, augmentation of pollution control check
devices, installation of sprinklers at identified corridors, and plantation activity have been identified. A
disaster management cell at SMC has been proposed to disseminate information on natural disasters.
Further, solar street lighting and rooftop solar projects have been proposed.
Table 124: Urban environment sector strategy
Urban Environment
 Improve the access to physical and social infrastructure to slum dwellers
 SMC to frame a policy to mitigate the various pollutions and effective use of
natural resources in the city
Sector goals  Develop green zones/breathing spaces in the city to improve the quality of
the life
 Utilize the potential for ecosystem service to improve resilience, subsistence
and livelihoods in the city
2013 2017 2019 2021 Remarks
Preservation of water
40% 60% 80% 100%
Desired bodies
outcomes Ground water recharge Nil 60% 80% 100%
Beautification at the
Nil 60% 80% 100%
water bodies
Mapping of
 Mapping of water bodies to be carried out to assess the physical extent,
water bodies
cultural, natural and social values
Eviction of
 Participatory approach for resettlement of encroachments around the water
encroachments
bodies
Pollution
 Increasing the green cover and buffer zones in the city to mitigate air
mitigation
pollution in the city
strategies
Energy  SMC in collaboration with WBREDA may take up energy conservation
conservation measures such as solar signalling and street lighting system
 Regular monitoring of air quality, water quality (surface and ground), and
Impact
noise pollution
assessment
 Carrying out environmental impact assessment prior to implementation of
and monitoring
infrastructure projects
 Developing Siliguri as disaster resilient city
Disaster  Development of control room or city level service center
Management  Development of emergency control responsive system
 Mapping of water inundation areas in the city
 Energy efficient Street Lighting to be introduced in SMC limits
 Retrofit tube lighting system for 40 watt streetlights
 Energy auditing at building level in Government and institutional buildings
 Decentralized Solar Photovoltaic paneling on Government and institutional
Climate Change buildings
 Creating awareness amongst citizens on suitable renewable energy and
energy efficiency technologies
 Awareness activities for school children on renewable energy and energy
efficiency measures
Unit Cost Component Unit Unit Cost (Rs in Lakhs)
Urban Environment
Walking track and
landscape around water Lump Sum per water body 21
bodies
Rooftop solar panel Per MW 6.5

Based on the above key requirements in the urban environment sector, the capital investment plan for
urban environment is presented in the below table.
Table 125: Urban environment– Projects identified

Estimated
Project Sub project cost in Rs.
Crores
A. Rejuvenation
of water 1. Construction of walking tracks around water bodies 21
bodies
B. Tree
1. Tree Plantation in various parts of the city 7
Plantation
C. Urban 2. Pollution control check devices, installation of sprinklers at
pollution identified corridors, and plantation activity 1
mitigation
D. Disaster
1. Establishment of Disaster management cell at SMC with
management 14
Emergency response system.
cell
E. Solar street
1. Solar street lighting along major arteries 28
lighting
F. Rooftop
1. Installation Rooftop Photovoltaic paneling on Government
Photovoltaic 56
and institutional buildings
paneling
G. 1. River Front Development 100

The key projects and project details in urban environment is presented in the below table.
Table 126: Urban environment– Projects Details
 Water bodies in SMC limits to control eutrophication.

A. Rejuvenation of water  Construction of walking tracks around water bodies.
bodies (Participatory approach to be adopted for resettlement
of encroachments around the water bodies).
 To increase the green cover in the city, tree plantation
B. Tree Plantation in the City along the road medians, institutional buildings and open
spaces has been proposed.
 Installation of Pollution control check devices along
C. Urban pollution mitigation
highways and major arteries.

 Disaster management cell to be established at SMC to

act as the nodal point for all emergency related activities
D. Disaster management cell in the city.
 Installation of communication devices to facilitate
information dissemination on natural disasters.
 Installation of streetlights with solar panels along the
E. Solar street lighting
major arteries in the city.
F. Rooftop Photovoltaic  Identification of Government and institutional buildings
paneling for installation of decentralized rooftop solar capacity.
 Identifying the stretch of water to develop the river front
G. River Front Development
development

The urban environment project components have been divided into various components for
Table 127: Urban Environment– Phasing of investment

Impleme 201 201 201 201 202 20
2015-
nting Total 6- 7- 8- 9- 0- 21-
16
Sector/Component agency 17 18 19 20 21 22
(Rs. In Crores)
Rejuvenation of water
A SMC
bodies 11 0 1 2 7 0 0 0
B Tree Plantation in the City SMC 4 0 1 3 0 0 0 0
SMC &
Pollution
B Urban pollution mitigation
Control
board 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Establishment of Disaster
SMC and
management cell at SMC
C District
with Emergency response
committee
system 7 0 0 7 0 0 0 0
Solar street lighting along SMC and
D
major arteries WBREDA 14 0 3 11 0 0 0 0
Rooftop Photovoltaic
SMC and
E paneling on Government
WBREDA
and institutional buildings 28 0 6 22 0 0 0 0
F River Front Development SMC 50 0 0 5 10 15 15 5
Total 114 0 10 51 17 15 15 5
17.10 Local Economic Development Sector Plan

The projects under Local Economy Development have been identified in view of the vision formulated
for the city development. As the vision suggests, the city could be developed as a Tourist, Transit and
Trading hub by 2041. In view of the expanded SMC jurisdiction, Tea museum and timber production
areas could be developed within the city limits.

Table 128: Local Economic Development sector strategy

Local Economic Development
Sector goals  Development of special industrial zones within the SMC jurisdiction.
 Development of infrastructure to facilitate IT/Business parks and SEZ
Development of
 Development of auction centre like for Pineapple & Tea.
Food based
 Construction of Various markets like Flower market
industries
Redevelopment of  Relocation of markets from congested areas and structural
markets in the city strengthening of old market areas.
Development of new  Areas to be identified in the new areas for development of wholesale
markets vegetable and fruit markets.
Development of
 Feasibility studies to be carried out for identification of land for
supporting
development of special economic zones
infrastructure for
 The proposed land use in the land identified for SEZ is to be revisited
Special Economic
to ensure delays in NA conversions could be curbed.
Zones
Regularising street
vending in line with  Survey and identification of hawkers in the city
Protection of  Development of infrastructure for regularised street vending activity
Livelihood and  Establishment of common facility Centre for Small & cottage industries.
Regulation of Street
Vending Act, 2014

Based on the above key requirements in the local economic development sector, the capital investment
plan for local economic development is presented in the below table.
Table 129: Local Economic Development – Projects

Project
Crores
A. Development of Market, Small Trade Industry & Bazar. 35
B. Vocational Training for unemployed youth. 1
C. Establishment of common facility Centre for Small & cottage
7
industries.
D. Rest shed or temporary housing facility for industrial workers. 7
E. Setting up of a permanent fairground (for formal industries and
21
informal manufacturing sector / cottage industries).
F. Construction of Flower market cum car parking space at ground
7
floor at Kumartuli Siliguri added areas ward 45,46 & 47
G. Pineapple & Tea auction centre 10
H. New Market Complexes. 14
Total investment required till 2041 102

The key projects and project details in local economic development is presented in the below table.

Table 130: Local Economic Development – Project Details
Project Details
A. Development of Market,
 The project involves development of Market, Small Trade
Small Trade Industry &
Industry & Bazar.
Bazar.
B. Vocational Training for
 Training program for the unemployed youth.
unemployed youth.
C. Establishment of common
 The project involves development of Market, Small Trade
facility Centre for Small &
Industry & Bazar for small cottage industries.
cottage industries.
D. Rest shed or temporary  To develop Rest sheds on temporary basics for providing
housing facility for industrial housing facilities for the workers working in various
workers. industries at Siliguri
E. Setting up of a permanent
fairground (for formal
 Construction of Fairground for display and marketing of the
industries and informal
products from the local craftsman.
manufacturing sector /
cottage industries).
F. Construction of Flower
market cum car parking
 Construction of the Flower market with proper Parking
space at ground floor at
facilities at the Kumartuli Area
Kumartuli Siliguri added
areas ward 45,46 & 47
G. Pineapple & Tea auction  Construction of Pineapple and Tea Auction Centre at
centre Siliguri
H. New Market Complexes.  Construction of New Market Complexes at Siliguri

The local economic development project components have been divided into various components for
Table 131: Local Economic Development – Phasing of investment

Implemen 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Total
ting -16 -17 -18 -19 -20 -21 -22
(Rs. In Crores)
Development of
Market, Small SMC &
A
Trade Industry & SJDA
Bazar. 35.1 0.0 0.0 14.0 21.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vocational Dept. of
Training for youth
B
unemployed advancem
youth. ent. 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
Establishment of
common facility
SMC &
C Centre for Small
WBIDC
& cottage
industries. 7.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rest shed or
temporary
SMC &
D housing facility for
WBIDC
industrial
workers. 7.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Implemen 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Total
ting -16 -17 -18 -19 -20 -21 -22
(Rs. In Crores)
Setting up of a
permanent
fairground (for
formal industries SMC &
E
and informal WBIDC
manufacturing
sector / cottage
industries). 21.0 0.0 0.0 8.4 12.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
Construction of
Flower market
cum car parking
space at ground SMC &
F
floor at Kumartuli SJDA
Siliguri added
areas ward 45,46
& 47 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 3.5 2.8 0.0 0.0
Pineapple & Tea SMC &
G
auction centre SJDA 9.8 0.0 0.0 3.9 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
New Market SMC &
H
Complexes. SJDA 7.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 94.7 0.0 0.0 35.8 56.1 2.8 0.0 0.0
17.11 Tourism Sector Plan

The city has potential to be developed as a transit bub for tourist activity in view of the potential tourist
locations within 100 km radius. The tourism hub development strategies include development of tourist
amenities and accommodation facilities. These projects could be taken up by state tourism
development. Further, development of tourist information kiosks bus stand, railway station could be
taken up by the SMC.
Table 132: Tourism Development sector strategy

Tourism Sector
Sector goals  Siliguri city to act as transit hub for regional tourist activity
 Development of local tourist points in the city
Development of  Creation of kiosks near railway stations, Intercity and nodal bus terminals
tourist  Identification and listing of tourist spots within 100 to 200 kms distance from
interpretation the city
center  Preparation of information brochures on the tourist spots
Development of  The water bodies in the new areas could be developed with land scape and
tourist points in amenities center.
the city  Awareness on prominence of local religious structures to be disseminated
 Creation of buffer zone around the Conservation of Mahananda wild life
reserve and restrict access of local villagers and tourists to the lake.
Conservation of
 Creation of amenities center for bird watchers with elevated kiosks located
Mahananda
away from the buffer zone.
wild life reserve
 The state tourism department to keep a check on the number of tourists
visiting the wild life reserve.

Based on the above key requirements in the tourism sector, the capital investment plan is presented in
the below table.
Table 133: Tourism Development sector – Project detail

Estimated
Project Sub project cost in Rs.
Crores
1. Development of amenities centers

A. Development of
14
Tourist point 2. Landscaping and creation of bunds around Tourism
Spots
B. Tourist 1. Construction of tourist kiosk with infrastructure
information kiosk
7
at bus stand and 2. Preparation of information broachers and Audio visual
Railway station documentation
C. Development of
Convention Cum 1. Development of Convention Cum Tourist Centre. 7
Tourist Centre.
D. Tea museum 2. Construction of tea museum 10


The key projects and project details in tourism sector is presented in the below table.
Table 134: Tourism Development sector – Project detail

 Construction of bund along the water body, walk ways,
A. Development of Tourist landscape, play areas, boating activity
points  Construction of amenities like drinking water, public toilets,
food courts.
 Development of infrastructure for information kiosk, listing
B. Tourist information kiosk
and identification of prominent tourist locations and
at bus stand and Railway
preparation of Audio visual documentation for information
station
dissemination.
C. Development of
 Develop Convention cum Tourist centre at Siliguri.
Convention Cum Tourist
Centre.


The tourism sector project components have been divided into various components for implementation
purpose. Further, the timeliness been proposed for each component, and the same have been
presented in the table below.
Table 135: Tourism Development sector – Phasing of investment

20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Implementi Total 15- 16- 17- 18- 19- 20- 21-
Sector/Component ng agency 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
(Rs. In Crores)
State
tourism 14 0 10 4 0 0 0 0
A Development of Tourist point department
Tourist information kiosk at State
bus stand and Railway tourism 7 0 7 0 0 0 0 0
C station department
State
Development of Convention tourism 7 1 2 4 0 0 0 0
D Cum Tourist Centre. department
State
tourism
E Tea museum department 10 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Total 38 0 8 20 11 0 0 0
17.12 Urban Governance

Under Urban Governance, migration to Double Entry Accounting System (DEAS), property tax survey
reforms, E – governance reforms, capacity building and training have been considered. The investment
required for property tax survey and reforms implementation has been calculated at Rs.1000 per
property and the no. of assessments has been assumed to grow at 1.75% per annum. Accordingly, it
has been estimated that SMC would have 0.9 lakh assessed properties by 2021.
Table 136: Urban governance sector strategy
Urban Governance
Property tax  Reassess the property valuation and levy of property tax based on best
survey and practices. Trainings to both technical and non-technical staff is required on
reforms basic accounting principles, DEAS, GIS and other software modules.
implementation  Detailed study to be carried on property tax to identify the grey areas and
further improve the coverage and collection efficiency
E-Governance
 Development of e-governance modules like personal management system,
reforms
Procurement and monitoring of projects and E – procurement.
implementation

Based on the above key requirements in the tourism sector, the capital investment plan is presented in
the below table.
Table 137: Urban Governance sector – Project detail

Estimated cost in
Project
Rs. Crores
A. Migration to DEAS, accounting reforms and Budgetary reforms 14
B. Property tax survey and reforms implementation 25

Estimated cost in
Project
Rs. Crores
C. E-Governance reforms implementation 14
D. Capacity building and training 14

Table 138: Urban governance sector – Phasing of investment
Urban Governance Total 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 202
-16 -17 -18 -19 -20 -21 1-22
(Rs. In Crores)
1 Migration to DEAS, accounting
reforms and Budgetary reforms 7.0 0.0 2.8 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 Property tax survey and reforms
implementation 12.6 0.0 3.8 3.8 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 E-Governance reforms
implementation 7.0 0.0 2.8 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 Capacity building and training 7.0 0.0 2.8 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 33.7 0.0 12.2 16.4 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
17.13 Summary of Capital Investment

The total estimated capital investment required for providing efficient services to the present population
and future population of the city by the year 2041 is Rs. 3,357 crores. A total of Rs. 2,710 crores are
proposed for investment by 2020-21 to cater to infrastructure requirement. The table below presents
the summary of sector-wise total investment need and investments.
Table 139: Summary of capital investment

Total
Short Term Long Term
investment (Rs.
Sr.No Sector 2021 2021-41
Crores)
(investment in Rs. Crores)
1 Water Supply 337 52 389
2 Sewerage & Sanitation 408 13 421
Urban Roads, Traffic & 76 117
3 41
Transport
4 Storm Water Drains 424 0 424
Housing & basic services for 407 650
5 242
urban poor
6 Solid Waste Management 210 67 276
7 Urban Environment 568 83 651
Social Infrastructure, Heritage 114 227
8 114
and Socio Culture
9 Local Economic Development 95 7 102
10 Tourism Development 38 0 38
11 Urban Governance 34 34 67
Total Investment Estimated 2710 647 3362

About 19% of the investment has been identified towards urban roads, traffic and transportation sector;
19% of the investment has been identified towards housing and basic services for urban poor; 13% of
the investment is towards sewerage and sanitation; 1% of the investment has been identified towards
social infrastructure ;13% of the investment has been identified towards storm water drains; 4% of the
investment has been identified towards local economic development; 3% of the investment is towards
Solid Waste management. The project-wise costing presented in Annex-9.
The investment towards urban environment is about 7%. The rest of the investment is towards tourism
development and urban governance. The sector-wise breakup of investment identified for 2021 is
presented in the graph below.
Figure 61: Capital investment for 2021 (figures in Rs. crore)
Investment Need (Rs. Crores)

Urban governance 34
Tourism Development 38
Local economic development 95
Urban Environment 114
Basic servies for Urban poor 568
Social Infrastructure 210
Urban Roads, Traffic & Transport 407
Storm Water Drains 424
Solid Waste Management 76
Sewerage & Sanitation 408
Water Supply 337
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Rs. Crores
17.14 Summary of Investment Phasing

The phasing of projects has been made in consultation with SMC officials. While doing the phasing, the
timeline for preparation of detailed project reports and necessary approvals has been considered. The
project prioritization and detailed project phasing have been discussed in the table below.
Table 140: Summary of investment phasing
Total
inves 2015- 2016- 2017 201 201 202 202
Sr.
Sector tmen 16 17 -18 8-19 9-20 0-21 1-22
No
t
(Figures in Rs. Crores)
1 Water Supply 337 34 134 133 36 0 0 0
2 Sewerage & Sanitation 408 0 42 136 122 108 0 0
3 Solid Waste Management 76 0 11 22 42 0 0 0
4 Storm Water Drains 424 0 42 85 254 43 0 0
Urban Roads, Traffic & 407 0 49 128 116 91 24 0
5
Transport
Housing & basic services for
6 568 0 57 114 170 227 0 0
urban poor
7 Urban Environment 114 0 10 51 17 15 15 5
8 Social Infrastructure 210 0 0 21 42 63 63 21
Local Economic
9 95 0 0 36 56 3 0 0
Development

Total
inves 2015- 2016- 2017 201 201 202 202
Sr.
Sector tmen 16 17 -18 8-19 9-20 0-21 1-22
No
t
(Figures in Rs. Crores)
10 Tourism Development 38 0 8 20 11 0 0 0
11 Urban Governance 34 0 12 16 5 0 0 0
Total 2710 34 365 762 871 550 102 26
Source: CRIS Analysis
17.15 Composition of investment

The following agency would be responsible for implementing the projects identified in the CDP.
7. SMC: SMC would be responsible for design, construction, operation, and maintenance of water
supply, sewerage system, SWM, SWD, housing and basic services for the urban poor,
municipal roads, parks, and playgrounds. SMC would be the implementing agency for the
projects identified in the above mentioned sectors. In the overall investment, SMC has to
contribute 83% of total investment.
8. SJDA: SJDA would be responsible revision of master plans and land use conversions. Hence
SJDA would be the implementing agency for the proposed Transit Oriented Development in
the city. Also, the regional transport projects like construction of logistic hub, transport nagar
and truck terminals would be the responsibility of SJDA. In the overall investment, SJDA has to
contribute 5% of the total investment.
9. West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation Ltd. (WBIDC): The WBIDC is responsible
for development of common infrastructure facilities in industrial zones like access roads,
internal roads, water supply network, drains and effluent channels. Hence WBIDC would be the
implementing agency for development of SEZs in the city. In the overall investment, WBIDC
has to contribute 1% of the total investment.
10. West Bengal Tourism Development Corporation (WBTDC): WBTDC would be responsible
for construction, operation and maintenance of tourist points within the state. Hence WBTDC
has been identified as responsible agency for the tourism development projects identified in the
CDP. In the overall investment, WBTDC has to contribute 1% of the total investment.
11. West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency (WBREDA): WBREDA would be
responsible for provision of technical assistance to projects under non-conventional energy
sector. Further, the department also implements small scale projects with fund support from
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. Hence WBREDA has been identified as responsible
agency for the renewable energy projects in the city. In the overall investment, WBREDA has
to 3% of the total investment.
12. Department of youth advancement, tourism and culture: The department would be
responsible for development of the proposed business cum convention center and cultural hub
in the city. In the overall investment, the department has to contribute 0.8 % of the total
investment.
13. Department of Education and health: The state department for education and health would
be responsible for development of the education and health facilities identified as per the
URDPFI guidelines. In the overall investment, the education department has to contribute 1%
of the total investment and health department has to contribute 4% of the total investment.
Table 141: Implementing agency wise breakup of investment

2021
Sr.No Name of Agency Investmen

t %
Estimated
1 SMC 2282 84% 2798 83%
2 SJDA 109 4% 166 5%

3 WBIDC 35 1% 35 1%
4 State RTC 70 3% 70 2%
5 WBTDC 38 1% 38 1%
8 WBREDA 42 2% 84 3%
9 Department of Education 18 1% 35 1%
10 Department of Health 115 4% 135 4%
11 Dept of youth advancement 1 0% 1 0.8%
Total investment 2710 100% 3362 100%

17.16 SMC investment

The overall the investment required for the year 2041 is Rs 3,362 crores. However, SMC would be
responsible to take-up the projects worth Rs 2,282crores by 2021 and the remaining investment to be
taken-up by the Parastatals/state government departments. The sector wise breakup of SMC’s
investment for 2021 has been presented in the table below:
Table 142: Sector wise breakup of SMC investment

Crores Crores
Water Supply 337 389
Sewerage & Sanitation 408 421
Solid Waste Management 76 117
Storm Water Drains 424 424
Urban Roads, Traffic & Transport 287 480
Housing & basic services for urban poor 77 107


Crores Crores
Urban Environment 568 651
Social Infrastructure 72 143
Local Economic Development 0 0
Tourism Development 0 0
Urban Governance 34 67
Total investment 2282 2798
17.17 Priority Projects

Based on the stakeholder consultations and demand and gap assessment, following are the priority
projects for Siliguri city.
Table 143: Priority projects
Sector Projects
 Underground drainage system and treatment capacity for the
Sewerage
city for the next 30 years
 Implementation of door-to-door collection system and

segregation of waste
Solid waste management  Augmentation of fleet and compaction capacity. Development of
transfer stations with recycling facility
 Development of landfill site with scientific closure mechanism
 Upgrade and Widening of Roads.
Traffic and Transportation
 Flyover and Junction Improvements.
 New housing development for untenable slums and in situ
Slum development
development of projects identified under IHSDP & RAY
 Creation of various markets and vending zones for various
Economic opportunities
Trades to boost the local economy
 Development of walking tracks around water bodies in merged
areas
Urban environment
 Tree Plantation
 River Front Development

18. Financial Operating Plan

The investment capacity of SMC is assessed through a financial operating plan (FOP), which gives a
multi-year forecast of finances for the medium term. In line with the phasing of identified in the capital
investment (CIP), the FOP has been generated for the same period for SMC. A salient feature of the
FOP is that all outstanding dues, including debt and non-debt liabilities if any, are also taken into
account.
18.1 Financial Plan for the City

ULB: SMC is the sole responsible for provision of basic services such as water supply, sewerage, solid
waste management, storm water drainage, roads and basic services for urban poor within its
jurisdictions. Therefore, SMC accounts have been reviewed and further the accounts have been
forecasted to prepare the financial plan for the city.
Accordingly, the annual accounts of SMC for the period between the financial years 2008-09 and 2012-
13 are used to determine past trends for both revenue and expenditure items and to arrive at appropriate
growth assumptions for each of the income and expense items. After forecasting the revenue account,
the CIP has been loaded on to cash flow. The FOP is generated to assess the investment sustaining
capacity of SMC.
18.2 Methodology
For the preparation of FoP for SMC, we have adopted the following methodology as provided in the
revised CDP toolkit. The stage wise methodology and the key references has been presented in the
below table.
Table 144: Methodology for City Financial Plan
Task Step Key Description Remarks

Stages
Task1 Step 1 Defining The key objectives have been defined for The sub sections
Objectives following key areas. 18.9 to 18.12 has
 Revenue enhancement initiatives provided the details.
 Expenditure management
initiatives
 Asset management initiatives
 Financial Management initiatives
Further, it has been discussed in detailed
in the subsequent sections.
Task2 Step 1 Data  The annual accounts, balance sheets, Chapter 14 has
Collection debt schedules, DCB statements for detailed out the
water and sewerage have been recasting and trend
collected from SMC for the past five analysis.
years.
 The recasting and trend analysis has
been carried and the findings have
been presented in the financial
assessment chapter above.
Step 2 Business-  As a first step in preparation of FoP for The sub section 18.6
As-Usual the city, we have prepared the has provided the
scenario --- Business-As-Usual scenario and details.
CFP provided the overall capacity of SMC to
Version I take-up the infrastructure projects.

Stages
 The scenario has been discussed in the
section FOP scenario considered
Step 3 Analysis /  Post finalization of Business-As-Usual
Interpretatio scenario, we have carried out the
n of the analysis on the revenue and
results expenditure to check the performance
of key items.
Task 3 Step 1 Identificatio  We have identified the property tax and The sub sections
n of areas of water charges are the key revenue 18.7 and 18.9 have
improveme source where the reforms can be provided the details.
nt / reforms explored to improve the coverage and
collection efficiency and the same has
been detailed out in the Revenue
enhancement initiatives
Step 2 Select /  Under the revenue enhancement The sub section 18.9
priorities initiatives, we have identified the key has provided the
areas of reforms to be implemented in the details.
improveme property tax and user charges.
nt / reforms
Task 4 Step 1 Finalizing  Key assumptions for the income and The sub section
basic expenditure side have been presented 18.4.1 has provided
assumption in the key assumptions section. the details.
s for
resource
mobilization
forecast
Step 2 Ascertain  Ascertain investible surplus for SMC The sub section 18.5
investible has been discussed in the investible has provided the
surplus for surplus section. details.
ULB /
Parastatals /
Developme
nt authority
Task 5 Step 1 Ascertain  Not Applicable Not Applicable
combined
investible
surplus CFP
Version II
Step 2 Component  Not Applicable Not Applicable
-wise
allocation of
combined
investible
surplus
Task 6 Step 1 Listing  The priority project as identified in the
of Chapter 17 has
Project CIP section has been linked with the detailed out the CIP
Proposals – FOP. Further, SMC investment for SMC.
linkage to capacity has been tested on various
CDP scenarios.
Step 2 Priorities  The priority project investment has
Project been finalized in the CIP section further
Investments it has been linked with the financial
model for the city.
Task 7 Step 1 Preparation  The current chapter has detailed out Chapter 18 has
of draft CFP the overall financial plan for the city detailed out the FoP
--- CFP under various scenarios. for SMC.

Stages
Version III &
Financial
Plan report
(prioritized
project
investment
loaded on
combined
investible
surplus)
Task 8 Step 1 Ascertain  Under the Improved investment The sub section
source and capacity with grant plus debt support, 18.8 has provided
amount of we have tested the capacity of SMC to the details.
funding, go for debt and external borrowing.
external
borrowing,
debt
servicing
mechanism,
etc.
Task 9 Step 1 CFP  We shall present the findings to the  Annual revision of
Appraisal stakeholder during the final city level CFP discussed in
and Public workshop and accordingly we shall take section 19.
Verification the suggestions on the overall financial
plan for the city.
Task Step 1 Finalization  Post completion of final city level
10 of CFP workshop, we shall discuss with SMC
report officials and finalize the financial plan
for the city
Task Step 1 Annual  We will suggest this step in the way
11 revision of forward section in the final CDP.
CFP
(linkage to
annual
capital
investment
and
improveme
nts
achieved)
18.3 Financing Strategies for CIP

The project funding structure comprises grants under the New Urban Development Mission17
(accounting for 90% of the funding as per JNNURM structure has been assumed); internal surplus and
debt are considered to meet the balance fund requirement. The level of investment that SMC can
sustain is determined by studying the overall surpluses/year-to-year opening balance and debt-service
coverage ratio (DSCR).
If DSCR (amount of surplus available to pay interest and to repay principal that is due) falls below 1.25
(i.e., less than 25% cushion), then the investments are reduced gradually till DSCR exceeds 1.25 in all
17
Based on the past trends, it is assumed the funding structure would remain same as it was in the JNNURM; the
revised funding structure is yet to be announced by the ministry.

the years in the forecast period. The main items of income and expenditure, classified into the revenue
account and the capital account, are projected in the FOP under the following categories. Categories
of FOP Projections are as follows.
Revenue Account Receipts:
 Taxes, Non-Tax Sources, and
 Grants, Contribution, and Subsidies
Revenue Account Expenditure:
 Establishment
 Operation and Maintenance
 Debt Servicing - Existing and New Loans
 Phasing of Non-debt Liabilities, and
 Additional O&M for New Assets Created
Capital Income
 New Urban Renewal Mission Capital Grants
 Regular State or Central Grants
 Debt
Capital Expenditure
In determining a long-term financial strategy, SMC plans to raise resources and fund the CIP through:
 Grants available under the New Urban Renewal Mission framework (as percentage of
investment proposed in urban infrastructure sectors – (50% Central Government Grants and
20 % State Governments Grants)
 Available internal resources and improving the same through
 Revision of the property taxation at certain levels by SMC and also improving the
coverage and collection
 Revision of water and sewerage charges at specific defined intervals and also improving
the coverage and collection
 Maintenance of the collection performance of taxes and charges at certain minimum
levels for current and for arrears
 Borrowings
18.3.1 Financial Projections

Current revenue sources are projected under built-in growth assumptions for income and expenditure
items, to assess the impact of each such revenue enhancement measure being suggested. The
projections also aim at estimating the surplus that will be available for servicing new debt. Part of the
surplus, after meeting the additional O&M expenses on newly created assets and infrastructure, is
translated into debt size and project size (grant component plus debt component) based on certain
assumptions regarding interest rate, repayment method, and loan-grant mix.
A spread sheet FOP model has been customized to depict the financial position of SMC. The investment
sustaining capacity of SMC is assessed based on the FOP assumptions. The model was used to
calculate the overall surpluses under various scenarios involving combinations of internal revenue
improvement, state support, financing terms, etc.
The standard assumptions under which the projections are carried out and certain expenditure control
and revenue augmentation measures proposed in line with the mandatory and optional reforms under
the JNNURM framework are presented below.

18.4 Investment Sustenance Capacity

Given the existing financial position of SMC, the revenue and capital accounts of SMC are projected
against the growth scenario. The FOP is generated from the sustainable investment point of view in line
with the current growth trends against the identified investment. It has been estimated that SMC would
require about Rs. 2,282 18crore to improve the infrastructure for meeting the current gap and medium-
term requirement. In order to check the financial capacity of SMC, following assumptions have been
considered.
18.4.1 Key Assumptions

Table 145: Key assumptions
Head Assumptions
Guiding factor for assessing the sustaining capacity

Surplus  Positive surplus - year-on-year basis
DSCR  Greater than 1.25
Project Financing – For Admissible Components under New Urban Mission
Project Costing  Unit Cost, with 7% price contingency and 8% physical
contingency
Water Supply 3%
New/Additional O&M Sewerage and Sanitation 5%
Urban Roads, Traffic and Transport 4%
Storm Water Drains 1%
Solid Waste Management 10%
BSUP 2%
Urban Environment 1%
Social Infrastructure 1%
For projects to be approved under New Urban Renewal Mission
Grant from GoI  80% of sanctioned cost
Grant from GoWB  10% of sanctioned cost
Loan for balance funding  Repayment in 15 years @11% interest rate
Regular capital expenditure  Rs. 20 crores per annum (growth rate 3% over current
expenditure)
Revenue Expenditure

Minimum growth rate: 5%
Growth in Expenditure 
Maximum growth rate: 12%

7th Pay Commission revision from 2016 and 2022
Pay Commission Revision (Currently, in SMC, the salaries are being paid from
State treasuries i.e.)
Assumption for assessment of SMC’s sustainability
Income Items
Growth in revenue income  Minimum growth rate: 8%
 Maximum growth rate: 12%
Income items - Property tax
Annual growth in Assessment  1.75% per annum
Revision of Tax  15% every year starting from 2015-16
18
Overall the investment required for the year 2021-22 is Rs 2710crores. However, SMC would be responsible to take-
up the projects worth Rs 2282 crores and the remaining investment to be taken-up by the Parastatals/state
government departments. Therefore, the financial operating plan has been prepared for SMC with an estimated
investment for Rs 2282 crores.

Head Assumptions
Collection Performance  75% (Maximum collection performance over the last 5
years)
Income Items - Water Supply
Water supply charges  12% growth in water tanker and water supply connection
charges.
Income Items - Sewerage

Sewerage Connections  80% of water supply connections
Sewerage Charge  Rs. 21 per month per connection; 15% increase in
monthly charge per connection every 5 years starting
from 2015-16.
Collection Performance  80% (Maximum collection performance over the last 5
years)
18.5 Investible Surplus

Based on the various assumptions, the investible surplus has been estimated19 for the city in base and
improved case scenarios. As per the base case scenario, on an average, SMC will have investible
surplus of Rs. 10 crores over the next 7 years. This surplus would be transfer to capital account to take
up the capital works. At the same time, in the improved case scenario, on an average, SMC will have
investible surplus of Rs. 49 crores. Following figure presents the investible surplus in base and improved
case scenarios.
Figure 62: Investible surplus – Base and improved case
80
58 58 56 53
60 48 45
43 40
38 38
40 31 30
15
20
-6
0
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
-20 -27
-40 -55
-60
-80
Investible Surplus - Base Case Investible Surplus - Improved Case
19
Investible surplus = (Revenue (own sources of income) income + Capital (own sources of income income) -
Revenue expenditure. And, excluding the revenue and capital grants received for specific purpose

18.6 Business as Usual Scenario

Business as usual scenario: In this scenario, it is assumed that SMC shall do business as usual and
endeavour to implement the capital projects. This scenario will indicate the overall capacity of SMC to
take up projects on business as usual basis.
Investment capacity: Rs. 106 crores
 The key considerations in this scenario are as follows:

 SMC will not take up any reform measures to improve the revenues.
 The income and expenditure growth would follow the past trends.
 The regular capital expenditure would grow at 3% on year-on-year basis.
 SMC should maintain positive closing balance on regular basis
Table 146: FoP- Business as usual scenario
Financial Year ------> 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-
Figures in Rs. Lakhs Actuals Estimated Projection
Summary
Opening Balance 5,873 6,909 9,538 10,995 7,845 4,823 6,396 5,464 4,085 2,597 3,952 6,059 8,085 8,
1 Revenue Income 4,277 5,146 6,013 6,709 7,412 8,426 9,318 10,242 11,462 12,962 14,878 16,538 18,309 20
2 Revenue Expenditure 3,752 4,285 4,998 4,864 5,440 6,084 7,445 8,449 9,679 11,124 12,735 14,520 17,950 20
a Surplus/Deficit- Revenue Account 526 861 1,015 1,844 1,972 2,342 1,873 1,793 1,784 1,839 2,143 2,017 359 -
b Operating Ratio 0.88 0.83 0.83 0.73 0.73 0.72 0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.86 0.88 0.98
c Debt Servicing Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0
3 Capital Income 3,680 4,222 4,512 1,719 1,856 2,005 2,165 2,338 2,525 2,726 2,944 3,180 3,434 3
4 Capital Expenditure 3,563 3,015 4,070 6,713 6,850 2,774 4,970 5,510 5,796 3,211 2,980 3,171 3,425 3
d Surplus/Deficit- Capital Account 117 1,206 442 -4,994 -4,994 -770 -2,805 -3,172 -3,272 -484 -35 8 9
e Overall Surplus/Deficit- Municipal Account 643 2,068 1,457 -3,150 -3,022 1,572 -932 -1,379 -1,488 1,355 2,108 2,026 368
f Closing Balance 6,516 8,977 10,995 7,845 4,823 6,396 5,464 4,085 2,597 3,952 6,059 8,085 8,453 8,
Opening Balance 5,873 6,909 9,538 10,995 7,845 4,823 6,396 5,464 4,085 2,597 3,952 6,059 8,085 8,
18.7 Improved Case Scenario – Reforms Implementation

 In this scenario, it is assumed that SMC shall take up
Property Tax
revenue improvement measures such as property tax
 On immediate basis, reforms are
and water charge coverage and collection efficiency
to be implemented in property tax
improvement. Further, it is assumed that SMC shall to improve the coverage and
receive capital grants from the state and central collection efficiency
governments (from New Urban Development Mission).  State government should revise
the property tax rate
SMC shall endeavour to implement the capital projects.
 the property tax rate should be
This scenario will indicate the overall capacity of SMC to increased about 15% every three
take up projects on improved case scenario with grant years
support.  Identified the poor performing
zone in term of recovery of
 Investment Capacity: Rs.913 crores
arrears
 The key considerations in this scenario are as follows:  Restructure the property tax
 SMC is going to undertake reforms leading to department
improved financial sustenance capacity.
 The reforms are especially in the areas of property tax and water charges.
 SMC shall receive grant from the state and central governments for the approved projects
(New Urban Development Mission).
 The regular capital expenditure would grow at 3% on year-on-year basis.
 SMC should maintain a positive closing balance on regular basis.

Table 147: FoP- Improved case scenario – Reforms implementation
Financial Year ------> 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2024-25 2025-26
Figures in Rs. Lakhs Actuals Estimated Projection
Summary
Opening Balance 5,873 6,909 9,538 10,995 8,387 6,292 9,240 10,362 10,520 9,893 10,817 11,184 10,059 5,907 91 -7,413
1 Revenue Income 4,277 5,146 6,013 7,251 8,338 9,843 11,319 12,829 15,281 18,101 21,660 24,969 28,620 32,800 37,460 42,691
2 Revenue Expenditure 3,752 4,285 4,998 4,864 5,440 6,084 7,688 9,661 12,778 16,833 21,279 26,102 32,781 38,626 44,974 51,872
a Surplus/Deficit- Revenue Account 526 861 1,015 2,386 2,898 3,759 3,631 3,167 2,504 1,267 381 -1,133 -4,161 -5,825 -7,514 -9,181
b Operating Ratio 0.88 0.83 0.83 0.67 0.65 0.62 0.68 0.75 0.84 0.93 0.98 1.05 1.15 1.18 1.20 1.22
c Debt Servicing Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
3 Capital Income 3,680 4,222 4,512 1,719 1,856 9,359 24,803 29,485 30,763 5,887 3,139 3,180 3,434 3,708 4,005 4,325
4 Capital Expenditure 3,563 3,015 4,070 6,713 6,850 10,170 27,312 32,495 33,893 6,231 3,152 3,171 3,425 3,699 3,995 4,315
d Surplus/Deficit- Capital Account 117 1,206 442 -4,994 -4,994 -811 -2,509 -3,010 -3,130 -344 -14 8 9 9 10 10
e Overall Surplus/Deficit- Municipal Account 643 2,068 1,457 -2,608 -2,096 2,948 1,122 158 -627 924 367 -1,125 -4,152 -5,816 -7,504 -9,171
f Closing Balance 6,516 8,977 10,995 8,387 6,292 9,240 10,362 10,520 9,893 10,817 11,184 10,059 5,907 91 -7,413 -16,584
Opening Balance 5,873 6,909 9,538 10,995 8,387 6,292 9,240 10,362 10,520 9,893 10,817 11,184 10,059 5,907 91 -7,413
18.7.1 Key Summary

Water Charges
Further, the results of the above scenarios have been
presented in the figure below. The overall investment  Increase the base tariff in every three
estimated is Rs. 2282 crores (on constant prices). years, at 15%.
However, as per the current prices, the estimated  Assess the different user groups’
investment would be Rs. 2465 crores (which includes ability to pay for different services
the cost escalation and physical contingencies). It is through occasional surveys and
observed that without any grant support, SMC can establish affordability levels,
implement projects worth Rs. 114 crores only. Based on especially among low-income
the availability of grants, SMC can take up priority groups.
projects in the area of sewerage and sanitation, solid  Increase coverage (base) of users
waste management, and traffic and transportation.  Reduce losses (commercial and
 Business as usual scenario: Rs. 114 crores technical losses)
 Improve the method of measurement
 Improved investment capacity with grant
of service
support: Rs.913 crores  Improve billing and collection
Figure 63: Financial capacity – Key scenarios efficiency

3001
2501
2465
2001 2282
Rs in Crs
1501
1001
913
501
114
1
Total Investment Total investment Business as usual - Improved scenario
(Constant) (Current) Without grant and
Debt
Total Investment (Constant) Total investment (Current)
Business as usual - Without grant and Debt Improved scenario
18.8 Revenue Enhancement Initiatives

Property tax, water charges are the key own sources of revenues of SMC. There is scope for further
improvement of these revenues in order to enhance the overall sustainability of SMC. Following
sections describe the revenue enchantment measures for key revenue sources such as property tax
and water charges.
1. Property tax: The revenue enhancement measures for property tax are categorised into the
following four categories:
a) Policy-level interventions:
 The property tax rate is revised by the state government every five years. However, the
property tax rate was last revised in 2007 and came into force from the year 2010. Hence,
it is suggested to change the rate in every three years. Also, the system should be developed
in such a way that the changes should be reflected in the demand bills without any human
intervention.
 It is also suggested that the property tax rate should be increased about 15-25% every three
years.
 In addition to the property rate, as part of the property tax, SMC collects water tax, drainage
tax, and sanitation cess. Hence, it is suggested that the state government should amend the
municipal laws if required to enhance the percentage of water and other tax rates. For
instance, as per the existing municipal laws, SMC can only levy 5% as water charges.
However, this can be enhanced to 10% by considering the huge capital works to be taken
up by SMC in near future.
 The state government should take appropriate steps for the revision and accordingly
implement the same to enhance the revenues.
b) Recovery of arrears
 Identified the poor performing zone in term of recovery of arrears
 Prepared the list of defaulters with outstanding arrears <=Rs 10,000
 Prepared the action plan to issue of warrant notices
 Carried out daily the monitoring of each tasks

 The recovery staff provide the sample warrant notices to defaulters
c) Revision of tax calendar
 Preparation of tax demand bills latest by 30th April 2015
 During 1st to 31st May 2015, all the tax demand bills must be served by using Indian postal
service or courier services etc.
 30 days grace period should be given for demand bills served from 1st to 30th June 2015.
 Necessary changes should be made in tax software and pre-printed stationery to show the
per day penal interest.
 The collection counters should be opened at as many places across the city.
 As soon as grace period ends, the ward-wise list of tax defaulter along with the demand
notice should be made available.
 With rationalization of the tax calendar, various tax processes and reduction in the work load
of tax personnel; it will be possible to do work division of personnel.
 In the light of above, daily targets should be provided to each team working in the tax
administration.
 Monitoring of the targets vs. actual should be carried out.

d) Restructuring of Property Tax Department
 The proposed structure is based on a functional-cum-geographical approach.
 The proposed structure clearly identifies four main functions: assessment, billing and
collection, appellate, and vigilance.
 The four functions are to be managed independently by different senior officers.
2. Water charges: The revenue enhancement measures for water charges are broadly categorised
into the following four categories:
 SMC should undertake the following initiatives to enhance revenues from water charges:
 Increase coverage (base) of users
 Reduce losses (commercial and technical losses)
 Improve the method of measurement of service
 Improve billing and collection efficiency
Water tariff
 Increase the base tariff in every three years, at 15%.

 Assess the different user groups’ ability to pay for different services through occasional
surveys and establish affordability levels, especially among low-income groups.
 It is always recommended to ensure volumetric pricing wherein the user is charged based
on consumption. However, in the absence of measurement systems, a simple telescopic flat
tariff system can be followed until the measurement systems are in place. In the case of
services like waste management, the user charges are flat tariffs only.
 On determining the tariff structure, including cross subsidies and inflationary trends, SMC
shall prepare a progressive tariff rationalization plan.
 While preparing the tariff rationalization plan, care should be taken to commit to
progressively improving efficiencies by reducing losses and improving customer services,
which can significantly reduce the tariff impact on the users. Reducing commercial losses
primarily by improving management efficiency by way of improving billing and collection
systems would require minimal time and capital investment. However, reducing physical
losses would require some investments, which need to be planned and budgeted for.

 Tariff increases due to natural inflation shall preferably be automatic and should be
implemented at least annually through automatic annual indexation. Any increase beyond
normal inflation shall be carefully planned, and agreed among the council and with citizen
groups.
 If the cost of collecting a charge, say every month, exceeds the amount collected, an
alternative charging mechanism shall be determined either by integrating with an annual tax
or by other means.
O&M recovery
 The first step in implementing user charge reform is to understand the real costs of operation
and maintenance for each service. SMC should ring-fence all the related costs pertaining to
a specific service with clear demarcation in capital and revenue accounts. This permits the
identification of the real costs for O&M so that the unit costs, which need to be recovered
from the users, can be assessed for the respective service.
18.9 Expenditure Management Initiatives

Over the review period, the revenue and capital expenditure of SMC has increased. In order to reduce
the revenue and capital expenditure at SMC, following key initiatives are to be taken up.
Reduction in establishment expenditure
 Outsourcing of certain functions: SMC should explore outsourcing of some functions in order
to reduce the establishment expenditure.
 For instance, SMC can outsource the collection, transportation, and treatment of SWM. In
addition, maintenance of public toilets, parks, and other play grounds on outsourcing basis.
 Moreover, SMC can outsource the clerical
posts such as data entry operator and clerks to Expenditure
reduce the establishment cost.  SMC should ensure that the
Reduction in capital expenditure contractor carries out the O&M of the
 SMC is implementing the capital works on a assets (WTP, STP, and SWM plant)
regular basis. Overall, this would be a burden for a period of 5-8 years after the
for SMC. In near future, if SMC wants to take completion of test run.
up the projects on Central funding, then it  SMC should curtail the regular
would be difficult to fund the projects. capital expenditure over the next 5-
 Therefore, SMC has to curtail the regular 10 years. SMC should take up only
capital expenditure (say 10%); at the same priority works in wards
time, SMC should take up priority projects only.  Explore the outsourcing option
 Also, SMC should focus on projects to be wherever possible
implemented through central/state funding.
18.10 Asset Management

Initiatives
The establishment of linkage between the asset creation and asset management should be through a
series of reforms for project sustainability. SMC should ensure adequate funds to meet the deficiencies
in urban infrastructural services.

In order to maintain the assets over the project cycle, SMC should allocate 5-10% of funds for operation
and maintenance of the project components. For water supply projects, the O&M cost would be 3% of
the project cost, and this would be on a recurring basis.
Deprecation account/fund
SMC should ideally practice to maintain the depreciation account in order to replace the existing asset
with a new asset post its life cycle.
Key steps to be taken by SMC for better management of assets
 SMC should focus on department wise budget and O&M cost for newly created assets,
 Explore the best practice to reduce the O&M cost on sewerage and solid waste management
 Carry out water and energy audit to reduce the O&M cost and water leak detection
 Study the existing status of the assets of key sectors, prepare a tangible action plan for the
maintenance of assets, provide the replacement list for the assets
 Conduct workshops/trainings for the staff on management of O&M, best practices across the
states
 Organize study tours for the staff and elected representatives for effective implementation of
reforms for full O&M recovery
 Latest techniques and technology for management (inventory, maintenance cycle, replacement
time, etc.) of municipal assets.
 Conduct trainings in the area of sewerage, asset management, new techniques in operation
and maintenance of STPs, and maintaining the power factors during the peak time
18.11 Financial Management Initiatives

In order to implement the identified projects over the project cycle, SMC has to take-up the financial
management initiatives for smooth implementation of the projects. The key initiatives are as follows.
 First and foremost, the accounts department of SMC should maintain the separate account for the
project. The financial transactions such as deposit the grants and release the payments should be
carried out thorough the project account.
 Transfer the part of the revenue surplus (own source of revenues) to the project account to
implement the project
 Internal audit of the project accounts has to be carried out on quarterly basis and external audit has
to be carried on annual basis
18.12 Projects on PPP basis

SMC may explore the PPP route in the following projects. The details of each component have been
provided in the table below.
Table 148: Projects on PPP basis
Possible PPP
Sector Development Key Aspects
interventions
 SMC shall fix the tariff for water
SMC can explore
user charges.
Water Improve the water the O&M of entire
 Handover the assets to the
Supply supply system water supply
operator for operation and
system to reduce
maintenance

Possible PPP
Sector Development Key Aspects
interventions
the water losses in  Billing and collection of the water
the system. charges should be done by the
private operator.
 The assets would be maintained
by the private operator, and SMC
shall pay revenues to the private
operator.
 SMC shall handover the land for
construction of STPs.
 O&M of STPs has to be carried
out by private operator as per the
Construction and contract period.
Construction.
O&M of STPs and  The operator would be
operation, and
Sewerage selling of treated responsible for the O&M of STPs
maintenance of
sewerage water to and further selling of the treated
STPs
potential users sewerage water to potential
users.
 The revenue sharing between
SMC and the private operator can
be explored.
 SMC shall procure the vehicles
and handover the same to the
private operator.
 The operator would be
responsible for collection and
transportation of the waste.
Improve the waste  SMC may allocate the land to
collection and develop the SWM treatment
Solid Waste
transportation BOT basis plant. The assets would be
Management
recovery & created and maintained by the
scientific landfill operator.
 Further, the private operator may
sell the manure and pallets and
further generate revenues.
 The revenue sharing between
SMC and the private operator can
be explored.
Multilevel car Land to be  The feasibility to be improved by
introducing a mixed use – shops &
Parking parking complex provided on lease
offices
on PPP basis basis
18.13 Land Resource Leveraging

SMC should focus on preparing the inventory of available land in the city in order to explore the land
based financing offers to implement the infrastructure projects. Following steps are to be taken up SMC.

 SMC should initiate the inventory of the land parcels available in the city. Further, SMC should
create the database of the same.
 SMC should crosscheck the proposed land use as per the zonal development plan. If required,
SMC needs to initiate for the land use conversation.
 May explore these land parcels for development affordable housing projects, parking projects,
real estate projects and convention centres on PPP basis
18.14 Key Conclusion

Overall, on short-term basis, SMC requires around Rs. 2,282 crore to improve the municipal services
in the city. However, as per the business as usual scenario, SMC has the financial capacity about Rs.
114 crore to take up the infrastructure projects.
Given the importance of Siliguri city in the region, it is very important to improve the basic infrastructure
facilities to attract the investment and industries in the city and further to boost the economic
development in the region.
Therefore, SMC should aim to implement the improved case investment capacity (Rs. 913 crore)
with grant support for state and central governments. Following key steps to be taken by SMC
to achieve the improved case scenario investment:
 Property Tax: On immediate basis, reforms are to be implemented in property tax to improve
the coverage and collection efficiency; the reforms could be policy levels change to streamline
the department.
 Water and Sewerage: Water and sewerage tariff structure is to be revised immediately. SMC
should explore the volumetric tariff structure for the metered water connections.
 SWM Charges: SMC should levy the user charges on SWM services – SMC may explore this
initiative as part of property tax.
 Establishment Expenditure: SMC should explore the outsourcing of certain function to reduce
establishment expenditure.
 O&M new assets: SMC should ensure that the contractor carries out the O&M of the assets
(WTP, STP, and SWM plant) for a period of 5-8 years after the completion of test run.
 Regular Capital works: SMC should curtail the regular capital expenditure over the next 5-10
years. SMC should take up only priority works in wards.
 PPP route: SMC should explore the PPP route to implement either the projects or project
components.
 Capacity Building: It is very important that SMC should keep on imparting training to the staff
on various aspects starting from technical to managerial skills.
 Study Tours: SMC should organise study tours to know the best practices in the sectors and
also to understand the challenges faced by others cities in the implementation of projects and
reforms.

19. Review and Monitoring framework

The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework has been designed to help cities integrate M&E into
their city development plan (CDP) from the initial phases. M&E is important to enable cities determine
whether their CDP is achieving its vision and goals and realising its intended outcomes or not. It is a
tool that shall enable cities to monitor the progress on the plan at regular intervals.
The information generated by M&E can be used to provide information and support for the
implementation of CDP. It shall help in strengthening the downstream project implementation,
undertaking programme and investment activities, and devising strategies for future planning initiatives.
A basic principle of the CDP approach is that the way in which the CDP is developed and the
development issues that it addresses, are determined by each city and community to meet their own
needs. There is no ‘one size fits all’ approach to designing and implementation of CDP.
The framework mentioned below clearly lays down the broad principles that need to be fine-tuned based
on the city specific needs and inputs from various officials at the city level to develop for each city.
Process Design
Deciding on the phases and

framework for the CDP
preparation, including
discussions with key
stakeholders
Institutionalization Initial or Updated

Assessment
Putting the CDP into the
day-to-day management of Identifying key issues, trends
the city and into its cycles Monitoring & Evaluation and opportunities plus gaps
for planning and budgeting Framework in information to be filled.
Analyzing and
discussing the process
Action Plans and Action Plans and
and results achieved at
Implementation Implementation
all stages
Translating the vision, Gathering all stakeholders’
goals and priorities into views on what needs to be
achievable programs and done
projects
Vision, Goals and
Objectives
Developing a clear, shared
vision plus agreed goals and
priorities for action.

19.1 Framework for Review and monitoring

In the context of the ever changing landscape of the developments in the city, the impacts on the growth
of the city will have wide ramifications if it is not factored into the City Development Planning process in
a dynamic manner. The CDP should have a fixed time frame for its implementation, and shall be
followed by a review to study and analyse the impact of the implementation of the plan, in order to make
mid-term course corrections, wherever necessary. A monitoring mechanism should also be established
for measuring the identifiable indicators provided in the CDP for each sector and there after
implementation of CDP can be measured.
The table below gives a framework for updating and reviewing CDPs; this needs to be followed as per
the revised tool kit.
Table 149: Framework for Monitoring and Evaluation of various components in the CDP
Sr. Framework for Updating and Reviewing City Development Plan (CDP) to make it
No. a living document
Year
Year
Year
Year
Year
Year
Year
Activity
1
7
1 Reviewing CDP Document √ √
Community and
2 √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Stakeholder Consultation
Data Update and Mapping
3 √ √
the City
4 Capacity Building √ √ √ √ √
Planning Building
5 √ √
Regulations Reforms
6 Property Tax Reforms √ √ √ √ √ √
7 Institutional Reforms √ √ √ √ √
8 Financial Reforms √ √ √ √ √
Sectoral/Ward
9 √ √
Development Plans
10 Review of Project Priorities √ √ √
11 Financial Operating Plan √ √
12 Capital Investment Plan √ √
Source: Revised City Development Plan toolkit
19.1.1 Timeline and Periodicity of review

To make CDP as a living document, it is essential to understand that the city landscape, growth source
as well as direction keep changing with time. Hence, the CDP should have a fixed time frame for its
implementation, and shall be followed by a review to study and analyse the impacts of the
implementation in order to make mid-course corrections, wherever necessary. The monitoring
mechanism should be on the activities based on the identified indicators in each sectors in the CDP.
Some of the identified activities that could be monitored are given below.

19.2 Reviewing of the CDP Document

The foremost thing that comes up is the reviewing of the CDP document. As the city’s conditions may
change after few years, the CDP needs to be reviewed and evaluated after a particular time before a
new development plan is proposed. It is necessary to identify the sectors that are growing and sectors
that are lagging, to achieve the vision framed for the city. The CDP is prepared for a long term vision
for 30 years and the investment plan is prepared for a time frame for 7 years. Thus it mandatory that
review of the City Development Plan is taken up after every five years.
19.2.1 Engaging with Community and Stakeholders’ Consultation

CDP focuses on the holistic development and betterment of the city as looked upon by various
communities and stakeholders. Therefore, it is very important to keep consulting with them about the
process of the work to be undertaken to achieve the framed vision for the city. This could be done by
conducting a meeting every alternate year, i.e., once in every two years. The feedback should be
incorporated and the shared with citizens through a common platform like website etc.
19.2.2 Data Update and Mapping of the City

In case of any major changes in the city limits/boundaries, a complete data updation exercise should
be carried out for effective implementation. Therefore, data updates and mapping of the city become
very essential. This should always be done before the preparation of the CDP.
19.2.3 Capacity Building

Capacity building initiatives should focus on understanding the areas where in capacity needs to be
built in terms of project implementation, reform implementation etc. The regular assessment of the
needs can ensure better capacity building measures to be adopted by city.
19.3 Review and Monitoring of Reforms and Project

Implementation
The CDP Technical and Policy Committee should be involved in the monitoring and evaluation of the
CDP across various components.
19.3.1 Assessment of Reforms and Project Implementation

 Regular assessment of reform and project implementation is necessary for the city to achieve
its vision.
 Reforms should be framed for all the institution responsible for the development process of any
city. These reforms are very important for all the institution to work in a synchronized manner
for the development of the city. Hence, they must be monitored every year.
19.3.2 Financial Reforms

 Finance being a most important part for any ULB of the city. The funds are to be utilized
according to the kind of development approach adopted to achieve the city vision. Therefore,
financial reforms must be monitored and evaluated on yearly basis.

19.3.3 Property Tax Reforms

 All the properties abiding under the ULB should be carefully mapped and marked, as it is an
important source of revenue for a city. Hence it should be prepared before the implementation
of the CDP and monitored at frequent intervals.
19.3.4 Sector /Ward Development Plans

Vision of the city could only be implemented at a macro level only if there is prominent change at the
micro level like at the ward level or the sectoral block level planning. To make a CDP document
comprehensive in approach, the M&E of these micro level plans should be evaluated at the very
beginning and impact should be reviewed in the very first year.
19.3.5 Review of the Project Priorities

The project prioritized in the CDP to achieve the vision may have to undergo changes in their priority
order once the implementation of the CDP starts. The reason may be due to any practical issues that
arise during project implementation or any other complication. Hence, it is very important to monitor and
evaluate the projects that are underway and projects that need to be taken up for the development of
the city. The updating process should be regular, but M&E should be done every alternate year.
19.4 Monitoring of Financial Operating Plan and Capital

Investment Plan
A capital investment plan (CIP) provides a detailed understanding of anticipated investments into
tangible capital assets. The assets include basic facilities, services, and installations needed for the
functioning of the community, such as bridges, roads, water, and wastewater systems. This helps the
ULBs to formalize their priority setting and decision making process. Therefore, the M&E of CIP should
be done on regular basis every year.
A financial operating plan (FOP) outlines the revenues and expenses over a period of time. An FOP
uses past performances, incomes, and expenses to forecast what to expect in the following years. It
then incorporates the past and recent trends into the planning so as to most accurately forecast what
is to come. Therefore, for city development plan in a proper way, it is necessary to monitor and evaluate
the FOP regularly every year.

Bibliography
Census data 2011．A Census of India ．[Online]Census of India Website，2011．

http://www.censusindia.gov.in/．
City Development Strategy for Siliguri - 2011．New Delhi，Department of Regional Planning, SPA,
New Delhi，2004．
Comprehensive Mobility Plan for Siliguri, 2030．Siliguri，Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority，

2013．
Disrtict Statical Handbook, Dajeeling (2011)．Darjeeling，Bureau of Applied economics & Statics,

Government of India．
District Statical Handbook, Jalpaiguri (2011)．Jalpaiguri，Bureau of Applied economics & Statics,

Government of India．
Draft Development Plan of Siliguri 2008-2013．Siliguri，Siliguri Municipal Corporation，2008-2013．
Economy of West Bengal．States and Union Territories．

[Online]http://www.webindia123.com/westbengal/economy/economy.htm#i．
Investment and Industrial Policy of West Bengal．[Online]West Bengal Industrial Development

Corporation Limited．http://www.wbidc.com/．
Outline Development Plan Siliguri 2001．Siliguri，Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Augthority，2001．
Perspective Plan for Siliguri Jalpaiguri Planning Area - 2025．Kharagpur，Department of Architectural

and Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur，2004．
Revision Of Land Use Guidelines For Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Area, 2008．s.l.，CEPT
University, Ahmedabad．
Traffic and Transportation Master Plan, 2030．Siliguri-Jalpaiguri Planning Area，s.n.，2013．
Traffic Engineering & Management Study Siliguri Urban Area, 1998．RITES．
West Bengal Development Report．Planning Commission, New Delhi．[Online]2010．

Annexures
Annex-1: Kick off meeting with MoUD

Meeting Agenda Kick Off Meeting
 Preparation and Revision of City Development Plans for 13 Selected

Assignment Title Cities Package 1 (13 cities)
 Preparation and Revision of City Development Plans for 17 Selected
Cities Package 2 (17 cities)
Name of Client Ministry of Urban Development
Date of meeting 8th August 2013, 4 p.m
Place/Location Ministry of Urban Development, New Delhi
Ms. Nisha Singh, IAS, Joint Secretary and Mission Director
Mr. Prem Narayan, Director (JnNURM)
Mr. Sanjay Kumar, Under Secretary (JnNURM)
Officials from TCPO, CPWD, CPHEEO
CBUD PMU Team
Participants
CRISIL Risk and Infrastructure Solutions Limited (CRIS)
Mr. Ravi Poddar, Director, Urban Practice
Mr. Brijgopal Ladda, Urban Planning Expert
Mr. Abhay Kantak, Municipal Finance Expert
Mr. K.K Shrivastava, Municipal Engineering Expert
Mr. Tapas Ghatak, GIS Expert
Mr. Appeeji Parasher, Associate Director
Ms. Monika Bahl, Manager
CRISIL Risk & Infrastructure Solutions Limited (CRIS) has been appointed by Ministry of Urban
Development (MoUD) for the Preparation and Revision of City Development Plans for 13 Selected
Cities under Package 1 and 17 selected cities under Package 2. A kick-off meeting was organized
by MoUD to review the work plan and approach for the assignment. The meeting was chaired by Ms.
Nisha Singh IAS, Joint Secretary and Project Director and was attended by senior officials from
MoUD, PMU from CBUD and officials from TCPO, CPWD.
CRIS Team made a presentation on the following aspects
 Our Experience in Preparation of CDPs

 Details of Assignment Coverage
 Our Approach - Revised CDP toolkit
 Proposed Teaming
 Work Plan
 Support from MoUD

Following were the key points suggested by MoUD /CBUD PMU team and other key officials present
during the meeting
1. Various recommendations were made by the participants for preparation of CDP. The
Mission Director however suggested that the CDPs shall be prepared in line with the revised
tool kit issued by MoUD and also mentioned that MoUD has prepared a comparison of
variance between the first generation and 2nd generation CDPs and it shall provide a copy
of the same.
2. It was also mentioned that an inclusive approach should be adopted as specified in the tool
kit and sufficient emphasis should be made on strategies addressing urban poverty issues.
3. It was also suggested that cities have prepared other plans like CSP, CMP, disaster
management etc. The interventions, projects, costing etc. suggested in this studies should
be incorporated in the CDP. MoUD also suggested for sharing information from ISNA study
to consultant for CDP such to synchronize the two reports.
4. The Mission Director also stressed on to focus on efficiency improvement related aspects
while identifying projects in cities.
5. It was discussed that the population projection in all the CDPs shall be for a period of 30
years i.e. 2041 whereas the FOPs can be made for a period of 20 years to be realistic. All
CDPs should have same time line for projections and should be based on Census 2011.
6. Some other aspects discussed were as follows
o 24x7 Water Supply and implementation of SCADA and other new system to bring in
efficiency, 100% metering etc.
o Linkages with existing Development Plan or Master Plan
o CDP should also endeavor to mention of suitable technologies based on the
geographical condition of the cities.
o Local Economic Development – Enlist the key thrust areas of economic
development and broad level strategies
o Map preparation
o Smart cities concepts should be explored
7. It was suggested that CDPs should be made through rigorous stakeholder consultations and
the ownership should be ensured at the city level.
8. It was suggested to have the executive summary to the Final CDP in vernacular language.
9. The timelines proposed for the assignment were found to be in line with that mentioned in
the RFP.
During the presentation CRIS suggested the following points for support from MoUD
1. The team would require a letter of Introduction from MoUD to ensure that all the ULBs can
assist the team in the following
o Designate an “Officer-In charge” responsible for management and coordination of
consultants
o Constitute multi-stakeholder City Level Steering Committee and working groups.
o Nominate officers from relevant sections of ULB to participate in the process of
stakeholder consultation and CDP preparation.
o Provide the consultant with information, maps and relevant data and documents on
ULB.
o Provide the consultant with necessary authorization to procure information from the
line departments
2. Introducing the consultants to the Urban Local Bodies
3. Facilitate and expedite approvals from ULB.
The meeting ended with a vote of thanks to all participants.

Annex-2: Technical Committee at SMC


Annex-3: Focus Group Discussions
Subject of Meeting: Focus Group Discussion with City Auto Association
Date and Time of Meeting held: 11th June,2014 At 2 P.M.

President : Mr.Sandeep Ghosh, contact : 9434152050
Vic-President : Mr. Jayant Sarkar, contact : 9832977209

Secretary : Nirmal Sarkar, contact : 9749866994
Treasurer : Mr. Swapan Dutta, contact : 9832063514
Venue: Siliguri City Auto Operator’s Welfare Society, Siliguri

Attended by: Vic-President (Mr. Jayant Sarkar) & Treasurer (Mr. Swapan Dutta)
Agenda: To know there views regarding the city auto service inside the SMC area.
Summary of Discussion:
 Information about the number of Auto running in the city was provided, which counts to 1450.
 Tax details were discussed. Which are : Rs. 2240 to be paid quarterly to the Government.
Yearly insurance of Rs.6000 to the third party or Rs. 6500 as first party insurance. Rs.1000
are charged as fitness and Rs. 1000 half yearly as maintenance charges.
 The license generally cost round Rs.500 per Auto. But as the brokers are generally involved
who charge around Rs.50, 000(should be investigated).These brokers hampers the business
of the Auto Associations
 Some Issues they are facing:
1. No revisions of fare charts and increasing cost of insurance.
2. No stand or any proper parking space for the auto (Infrastructure Gap).
3. Harassment by the Law maintainers.
4. Infra structures to support them.
Subject of Meeting: Focus Group Discussion with Hotels Owners Association
Date and Time of Meeting held: 12th June,2014 At 11 A.M.
President : Mr. Ujjwal Ghosh, contact : 9832065531

Secretary & Vice president of Bengal Owners Hotel Association : Mr. K.C.Ghosh, contact :
7679240831
President of Bengal Owners Hotel Association : Mr.T.P. Bhowmick

Venue: Hotel Hindusthan, Pradhan Nagar, Siliguri
Attended by: Secretary, Mr. K.C.Ghosh
Agenda: To know there views regarding the conditions of hotels and their issues, role of hotels in
economic development of the city.

 There are more than 200 hotels in the city and their number is rapidly increasing.
 More than 20 types of taxes needs to be paid for the maintenance of a hotel like the license
of fire, water, pollution license, trade license etc.
 Lots of brokers are involved in for tourist to misguide them and charge extra money from
them.
 Issues faced by hotel industry:
1. City doesn’t have a proper tourism catchment activities unlike the neighboring places
like Darjeeling, Sikkim, Kalimpong etc.
2. Tourism spots, activities should be revamped
3. in the peak season of April, May & June, even the best hotels have 25-45 % of
occupancy
 Many hotels use child labor.
Subject of Meeting: Focus Group Discussion with Borough II Officer
Date and Time of Meeting held: 11th June,2014 At 3: 30 P.M.
Borough Officer : Mr. Souranshu Roy, contact : +919494307573
Venue: Borough II Office Building, Hakim Para, Siliguri
Attended by: Borough Officer, Mr. Souranshu Roy
Agenda: To know the views regarding the conditions of Borough II i.e., wards 6-15 and the possible
proposals to resolve these issues.
 Character of the wards : ward no. 14, 15 are Residential
ward nos. 8,9,11 are Commercial
ward nos. 6,7,10,12,13 are mixed used(resi.+ com)
 Major source of income : Trade
 Issues: -Traffic Congestion is the major issue.
- Cost of living is high.
- 50% of the marginal workers are Rickshaw pullers (cycle Rickshaws).They come
from Jotiakali which is around 12-13 kms from Siliguri & around 1.5km from Bangladesh
border.
- Electric Cables are exposed and should be underground.
- Revenue generated by Siliguri, so load shedding is minimum.
Water Supply- Water Table is very fluctuating; it gets 10ft. height in rainy season and in
March, April remains Sandy Porous.
Some Suggested Proposals were:

- Court More to Pradhan Nagar & Pradhan Nagar to Jalpai More.
- Car parking system near 1) Mahananda Banks 2)Suryasen Park.

- Manure Biogas plant near DonBosco.

- Development from Fulbari to Bagdogra.
Subject of Meeting: Focus Group Discussion with members of Siliguri Mini Bus Syndicate
Date and Time of Meeting held: 13th June,2014 At 4:00 P.M.

Secretary : Mrinal Kanti Sarkar, contact : +919494307573
President : Chandrashekhar Dey
Vice-President : Dulal Ray

Venue: Siliguri Mini Bus Syndicate, Kachari Road, Siliguri
Attended by: Mrinal Kanti Sarkar (Secretary) and other members of the association.
Agenda: To know the views regarding the present scenario of the mini bus situation in the city
study there perspective about the proposals.
 There are about 100 mini buses and around 200 buses runs around Siliguri sub divisional
area.
The buses are generally 28 seated.
 There are 650+ School Buses.
 There was a survey conducted by RITES in 2000 & 2008.’
According to 2008 survey report, there was 250% growth in no. of vehicles.
 The cost of operation of the buses is very high as compared to the returns that the
operators get by running the bus service. Hence there should be revision in the fares.
 Road conditions still remains the same from 2000.
 According to the JnNurm survey done earlier, introduction of buses are not possible in such
kind of infrastructure.
 Extra permit (more than the required permits) is issued which destroys the healthy
competition in the operation of the buses.
Proposals :
 Revision of the fare, considering all the costs required in the operation and maintenance of
the buses.
 Improvement of road infrastructure.
 To check the extra permits issued to the vehicles so that the bus operation market
maintains a healthy competition which will benefit the bus operators, as well as the public
using the bus service.
Subject of Meeting: Focus Group Discussion with Biswajit Das(Hon Secretary)
Date and Time of Meeting held: 16th June,2014 At 5 P.M.
Honorable Secretary : Biswajit Das, contact : 9434081811
Venue: FOCIN, Siliguri

Attended by: Biswajit Das(Hon Secretary)
Agenda: To know about the trade and commerce in the city.
Basic Information:
 FOCIN has around 200 associatins from Malda to Darjeelling.
 The income of the North Bengal without VAT is Rs.591 crores. In this income Siliguri
contributes around Rs.453crores.
 Siliguri is majorly dependent on trading. Goods are exported from Bangladesh, Bhutan,
Nepal and sold in the markets of Siliguri.
Issues:
 The connectivity of Siliguri, for transportation of goods purpose, with major markets of the
region as well as outside, is one of the major issues here. Lack of proper State Railway
network, importing of goods becomes difficult.
 Many places near Siliguri like Haldibari etc produces good agriculture but due to lack of
proper communication the vegetables are not properly delivered to the city. They get
damaged in the process of transportation.
 No multipurpose cold storage system around Siliguri.
 There are few small scale industries like plastic, food processing etc, but these are not
encouraged in a fair manner.
 Unlike Siliguri, neighboring states like Assam, Sikkim and few more states, who enjoys the
benefit of flexible industrial promotion policies. It is due to which industrialists opts for these
places to set up industries rather than Siliguri. It is the major reason that there is no major
industry in Siliguri.
Proposals as suggested:
 To provide direct linkages with the DMU Haldibari which are, within vendor touch for proper
export of goods and supplies.
 To have a good cold storage system in city.
 Regulated Market system should be maintained i.e., Grower-Buyer-Seller connections(PMC
act)
 Silguri does not have a proper agricultural sector. Not much agricultural production is done
here. Therefore this should be looked uon.
 North Bengal to come under the ambit of NEIIP.
 Jadavpur has already given some proposals in their 25yrs perspective plan to SJDA. They
could be looked upon for proper growth prospects.
Subject of Meeting: Focus Group Discussion with Ward 20 councilor and other members of the
office regarding the slum condition

Ward Councilor : Mayadevi Paswan
Venue: Ward no.20 office
Attended by: Mayadevi Paswan(wardd 20 Councilor) and various other members of the ward office.

Agenda: To know about the present condition of the slums and their point of view about the
proposals.
Basic Information:
 There are 6 slums in ward no.20.They are :
1) Phuleswari Union Colony
2) Durgapur Colony
3) Chittaranjan Colony, Railine Station
4) Jyotinagar Colony
5) Raja Rammohan Colony
6) Sraban nagar Colony
Issues:
1. Water is the main problem here. There is very low supply of water in almost all of these
slums.
2. There are 20-22 taps in ward no. 20.
3. The major economic activity of the people of the slums is Van driver, Rickshaw Puller,
Laborers etc.
Proposals :
PHULESWARI UNION COLONY
 There is no Community toilet in Phuleswari Union Colony.
 Drainage system needs repair.
 Water supply timing is 2hrs morning and 2hours in evening.
 Drains are blocked through disposal of garbage in the drains.
DURGAPUR COLONY
 The major economic activity here is garbage collection, daily labour, rickshaw pullers, etc.
 This slum has been surveyed by RAY.
 There are CDS Centres and one Community Centre.
 One primary School, to provide education.
 Four self-help groups are present.
 Road conditions are good (pukka road is present)
 Needs more Community toilets.
 CDS Centers are not maintained in good conditions.
CHITTARANJAN COLONY, RAILINE STATION
 2-3 wells are in pathetic conditions, rings have formed. In few wells the water has foul odor
and is unhealthy for drinking.
 Roads are in good condition
 There is no water in the taps of this region.
 Drainage system is blocked as the Solid Waste is disposed in the drains.
Subject of Meeting: Focus Group Discussion with Borough I Officer

Date and Time of Meeting held: June,2014 At 3 P.M.
Borough Officer: Juyol Sarkar
Venue: Borough I Office
Attended by: Borough Officer: Juyol Sarkar
Agenda: To know about the present condition of the Borough and know the proposals.
About the Borough :

1. Borough I includes wards nos. 1-5, 45, 46, 47
2. The land use pattern of this Borough is basically Mixed-Used with ward 46 being
commercial.
3. Ward nos. 2,3,46,45 being slum area.
Issues:
4. No government hospital operates here only private nursing home are present.
5. Parking is a major problem for the vehicle owners.
6. Ward 46 has problems of water supply. According to Mr. Juyol Sarkar there is no water
supply pipeline provided in this area.
7. Solid waste disposal is not a problem.
8. Ward no. 3 & 45 are the areas of Mahananda bed. Here slums are formed during the dry
season but the slum dwellers again become homeless in the rainy season as in the heavy
rainfall the river levels up and encroaches the entire area where the slum population lives.
9. Through SJDA , there were small projects going on in Mahananda bank of cleaning the
area of Jora-Pani and Panchonia.
Proposals :
 On street parking is a major issue. Provision of proper parking areas.
 Water supply is another issue hence more water reservoir are needed for this area.
 Pressure of water is very low, measures should be taken to increase it.
 Traffic remains a big problem, it should be resolved.
Subject of Meeting: Focus Group Discussion with Ward 28 councilor and other members of the
office regarding the slum condition
Ward Councilor : Sharmila Das

Venue: Ward no.28 office
Attended by: Sharmila Das(ward 28 Councilor) and various other members of the ward office.

Agenda: To know about the present condition of the slums and their point of view about the
proposals.
 From Phuleshwari to Mahabristhan there are 9 slums identified in which 3 are new slums.
 Water Pressure is not adequate. Water is supplied 2 times a day (8 am & 4 pm).
 The major employees here are laborers or daily wage workers while others are unemployed
or don’t have a permanent source of income.
 The condition of community toilets is not hygienic.
 In Matangani there is one Community toilet, in Ramakrishna everyone have their own toilets
and in Sarbhara there are 2 toilets one old & one new & one is in poor condition. In Majdoor
Colony there are 3 community toilets out of which 2 are not in proper conditions.
 Water logging is an issue.
 Here the slums are not under RAY.
 There are 9 self-help groups which even provide loans to the slum dwellers for small
business.
 NIMNO- Social package from SMC which provides 10kg rice/month or Rs.350/month if the
lady is physically challenged or if the person is physically challenged.(8 months backdated)
Subject of Meeting: Focus Group Discussion with Eastern Himalaya Travel & Tour Operators’
Association (EHTTOA)
Date and Time of Meeting held: 24th June,2014 At 10.30 A.M.
Venue: EHTTOA office in Pradhannagar, Siliguri
Attended by: Assistant Secretary, Mr. Milan Bose
Agenda: To know the association’s view on the problem in tourist facility provision.
Information:
 30,000 tourist (approx) visited Siliguri in the month of May ,2014
 Peak Seasons are: April to June; again during the Christmas and New Year; and Sometimes
in the Durga Puja Season.
 Siliguri by Character is a not a Tourist Town but a Transit Town.
 There is just one Tourist Information of EHTTOA at Hotel Mainak, Hillcart Road , Siliguri.
Some Problems according to him:
1. Siliguri is a transit town and tourists come here to avail facilities that would take them to the
nearby tourist spot.
2. There is a huge problem of middlemen who harass and misguides the tourists in the peak
seasons. These middlemen start harassing the tourist right from the NJP station.
3. The car operators are mainly private and there is no government intervention hence during
the peak season these car operators charge exorbitantly high prices to the unaware
tourists.

4. Most of the tourist who visits Darjeeling, Gangtok, Kalimpong or Kurseong usually go
directly to these places as soon as they reach NJP. If their train reaches NJP late in the
evening (after 8pm) it is only then they decide to stay overnight in Siliguri’s hotels or
lodges.
 Some Proposals according to him:

 Construction of Sulabh Complexes in certain important part of the city. (proposal already
under consideration by Local Authorities, some have been constructed but not yet
operational)
 A proper Taxi stand for the tourists. There are stands on the Hillcart Road, Sevoke Road
and near NJP, none of which are planned and during the Peak seasons Taxi Stands pop
up here and there like mushrooms creating inconvenience to both the tourists and the
city’s traffic.
 There should be proper intervention on the part of the government regarding rates and
charts of the taxis to avoid harassing of the tourists.
 EHTTOA has already asked the NF railways to assign names to the all the four
Overbridges in the NJP station so that tourists could be properly channelized to their
respective areas of interests. For example tourists for Darjeeling could come through
one Overbridge to meet the tour & travel operator for Darjeeling.
 They have asked the NF railway to assign them “Meet and Greet” points within the NJP
station premises.
 Flights between Siliguri and Kolkata during the Night from the Bagdogra Airport would
be helpful.
 Proper Management of the traffic.
 Information Kiosks at different Locations of the city to provide proper info to the tourists.

Annex-4: Stakeholder Workshop Invitation Letter (Interim Stage)

Annex-5: Stakeholder Participants sheet (Interim Stage)

Annex-6: Stakeholder Workshop Invitation Letter (Draft Stage)

Annex-7: Stakeholder Workshop Invitation Letter (Final Stage)

Annex-8: SMC ward-wise population

Population
Density (person/sq Area of
Population (person) growth rate
Ward no. km) ward
(%)
(sq.km)
2001 2011 2001-2011 2001 2011
1 17843 18928 -33.63% 11083 7356 1.61
2 11436 14327 25.28% 13946 17472 0.82
3 11753 10993 -6.47% 25550 23898 0.46
4 20028 20745 3.58% 28208 29218 0.71
5 15326 16369 6.81% 29473 31479 0.52
6 9023 6484 -28.14% 34704 24938 0.26
7 9889 7954 -19.57% 32963 26513 0.3
8 7843 5097 -35.01% 32679 21238 0.24
9 7306 6481 -11.29% 19746 17516 0.37
10 4720 4019 -14.85% 12757 10862 0.37
11 2933 1912 -34.81% 15437 10063 0.19
12 3772 2832 -24.92% 16400 12313 0.23
13 5070 4886 -3.63% 16355 15761 0.31
14 6407 6566 2.48% 20022 20519 0.32
15 8103 8002 -1.25% 22508 22228 0.36
16 5984 4922 -17.75% 23015 18931 0.26
17 5485 5029 -8.31% 14824 13592 0.37
18 8440 7774 -7.89% 36696 33800 0.23
19 3233 3286 1.64% 24869 25277 0.13
20 9869 9009 -8.71% 32897 30030 0.3
21 5875 5624 -4.27% 26705 25564 0.22
22 10293 10182 -1.08% 19061 18856 0.54
23 6205 6340 2.18% 16329 16684 0.38
24 11165 11045 -1.07% 20300 20082 0.55
25 8525 9459 10.96% 16394 18190 0.52
26 4873 5038 3.39% 17404 17993 0.28
27 5630 6892 22.42% 15639 19144 0.36
28 9578 8836 -7.75% 31927 29453 0.3
29 4783 10703 123.77% 16493 36907 0.29
30 6510 7819 20.11% 15140 18184 0.43
31 13404 14424 7.61% 14570 15678 0.92
32 11845 11334 -4.31% 9182 8786 1.29
33 13543 14518 7.20% 13149 14095 1.03
Population
Density (person/sq Area of
Population (person) growth rate
Ward no. km) ward
(%)
(sq.km)
2001 2011 2001-2011 2001 2011
34 16560 16999 2.65% 14655 15043 1.13
35 14945 15820 5.85% 9113 9646 1.64
36 13653 14734 7.92% 15515 16743 0.88
37 14421 15690 8.80% 18254 19861 0.79
38 11235 13022 15.91% 15824 18341 0.71
39 11237 12353 9.93% 19046 20937 0.59
40 18164 25152 38.47% 11008 15244 1.65
41 12951 17351 33.97% 4022 5389 3.22
42 14711 19139 30.10% 3641 4737 4.04
43 9661 16339 69.12% 5112 8645 1.89
44 11522 11843 2.79% 19529 20073 0.59
45 7117 7001 -1.63% 13428 13209 0.53
46 21222 30665 44.50% 6780 9797 3.13
47 8363 9327 11.53% 10076 11237 0.83
SMC 472,454 513,264 8.64% 11276 12250 41.9
Source: SMC

Annex–9: List of Projects proposed under CDP

Amount (Rs.in
S.No. Projects Crore)
I Water Supply
388.9
1 Source Development (Daily Supply)
80.0
2 Distribution Network (% Roads Covered)
120.0
3 Elevated Storage capacity (% of Water Supply)
68.1
4 Treatment capacity (% of Water Supply)
58.1
5 Refurbishment of old Pipelines
51.8
6 Metering of household connections
5.7
7 Bulk metering - Source, WTP, ESRs
0.3
8 SCADA system
5.0
II Sewerage and Sanitation- Under Ground Drainage
421.1
9 UGD Network/ Road Length Covered
359.1
10 Sewerage Treatment (water supply)
58.9
11 Public toilets
1.0
12 Sewerage cleaning equipmnet
2.0
III Solid Waste Management
116.5
13 Vehicle Capacity Required (Vehicle Carrying Capacity)
24.0
14 Development of Disposal and Landfilsite (2031)
26.8
15 Waste processing facility
56.7
16 Bio gas
5.0
17 Primary collection facility
4.0
IV Storm Water Drains
424.1
18 New Pucca Closed Drains
424.1
V Urban Roads, Traffic & Transportation
623.3
19 Upgrade BT to CC
5.9
20 Upgrade WBM & earthen to BT
14.3
21 New Black Top Roads
39.5

Amount (Rs.in
Widening & upgradation of Hill road, bidhan road, sevoke, wall
22
fort, nivedita road, station feeder, 99.9
23 Extension of road network system
19.6
Flyover/ underpass - check post More, Mallaguri Intersection,
24
Between Nivedita road and Hill Cart road near Gurung Basti. 231.4
Junction improvement - Sevoke More, Pani Tanki More, Venus
25 More, Air View More, Champasari More, Darjeeling More, Tinbatti
33.7
More, Jalpai More
26 Transit Oriented Development (500 to 800 m)
100.0
27 New Bus Stand
50.0
28 Relocation Of Existing Bus Stand
20.0
29 Multilevel Parking
6.0
30 Development of Road safety facilities in Siliguri city
3.0
VI Street Lighting
26.4
31 High Power
25.6
32 High Mast Lamps
0.8
VII Basic servies for Urban poor
650.8
33 Affordable housing
485.6
34 Comprehensive development of 154 Slums..
154.4
35 Livelihood development
10.8
VIII Social Infrastructure
276.2
36 Schools
49.6
37 Health care
192.5
38 Socio cultural infrastructure
5.7
39 Parks & play grounds
28.5
IX Local Economic Development
101.7
40 Development of Market, Small Trade Industry & Bazar.
35.1
41 Vocational Training for unemployed youth.
0.7
Establishment of common facility Centre for Small & cottage
42
industries. 7.0
43 Rest shed or temporary housing facility for industrial workers.
7.0
Setting up of a permanent fairground (for formal industries and
44
informal manufacturing sector / cottage industries). 21.0

Amount (Rs.in
Construction of Flower market cum car parking space at ground
45
floor at Kumartuli Siliguri added areas ward 45,46 & 47 7.0
46 Pineapple auction centre
9.8
47 New Market Complexes.
14.0
VIII Urban Environment
227.2
48 Construction of walking tracks around water bodies
21.0
Pollution control check devices, installation of sprinklers at
49
identified corridors, and plantation activity 7.0
50 Tree Plantation
1.0
Establishment of Disaster management cell at SMC with
51
Emergency response system 14.0
52 Solar street lighting along major arteries
28.1
Installation Rooftop Photovoltaic paneling on Government and
53
institutional buildings 56.1
54 River front development project
100.0
XI Tourism Development
38.1
55 Development of amenities centers
7.0
56 Landscaping and creation of bunds around Tourism Spots
7.0
57 Construction of tourist kiosk with infrastructure
5.6
Preparation of information broachers and Audio visual
58
documentation 1.4
59 Development of Convention Cum Tourist Centre.
7.0
60 Tea museum
10.0
XII Urban Governance
67.3
61 Migration to DEAS, accounting reforms and Budgetary reforms
14.0
62 Property tax survey and reforms implementation
25.2
63 E-Governance reforms implementation
14.0
64 Capacity building and training
14.0
Total Investments
3,361.7

Annex–10: Data gaps in Siliguri CDP

Sr. No Section Data gaps as per Remarks Criticality of
revised toolkit information
Physical The information on wind
1 Wind Direction Low relevance
setting direction is not available
Age-Sex pyramid The information on Age-

Low relevance
sex period is not available
Low relevance
2 Demography
The latest information on Since phenomenal
Migration migration is not available migration has
and has not been updated happened only in
past.
Economic Information on no. of The reliable data on the

units registered in
3 profile of the mentioned subject is not Low relevance
primary, secondary and
town tertiary sector available.
Physical
The proposed land use
planning and Future land use
4 data for SMC area is not Low relevance
growth analysis for SMC
yet developed.
management
The quantitative
Quantitative
information on
Social information on
5 infrastructure available in Low relevance
infrastructure infrastructure
hospitals, education
available in hospitals
institutions is not available
The latest information on
Ambient Air Quality (AAQ)
Baseline Medium relevance.
Air Quality parameters is not
Environment: available.
Urban
6
Environment
and Disaster The latest information on
Management surface and ground water Medium relevance.
Water Quality
quality parameters is not
available.
Climate change The micro level data to

7 and sustainable City level analysis carry out city level analysis Medium relevance
development is not available.

Annex-11: Action Taken Report

Chapters/Contents Comments Response by Comments on revised - Response by
and Remarks - CRISIL Draft CDP CRISIL
Interim Report
The chapter has As suggested,
Project mentioned the details of This comment has been The status of CDP
Background about the workshops are incorporated. policy and
Stakeholder presented in technical
consultations suggested committee
and focused format. formation has been
group discussed in
discussion, Section 1.8.3.
however, it is As suggested the
not clear reference to
whether the JnNURM has been
workshops This comment has been minimized.
were organized incorporated.
in accordance
with Stage I, II
and III
workshops
prescribed in No CDP Policy or Technical
CDP Toolkit. As suggested, committee constitution yet
the details of reported in the CDP.
Proceedings of FGD annexed
Stakeholder Reference to JnNURM in the
consultations report may be kept minimum
and focus group unless quantified in project
discussions investments and current
(FGD) have status reports.
been As suggested,
incorporated in the section
Annexure. 1.5.2 on
committee
It is also not formation was
clear whether rephrased to
CDP Policy provide more
Committee, clarity.
CDP Technical
Committee and
CDP Technical
Groups were
constituted in
order to have in-
depth
consultations.
Introduction Figure -7 which As
shows the suggested, These comments have not The map has been
India’s map the Figure 7 been incorporated. replaced. Refer
should be a has been section 2.
corrected one replaced.
as it seems Also, the The introduction to the city is
some of the figures 7-9 desirable to be kept short and As suggested, the
areas in Jammu and 10-11 crisp with the overall history introduction to city
and Kashmir shall be and the existing has been concised.
has not been presented in administrative, physical and Refer Section 2.
shown as color maps. economic base reference
integral part of over a considerable period of
the country. The time. The location map
Under climatic information has been added in
parameters on relative Section 2.1
humidity, Location map to be provided
information on
relative wind direction in section 2.1


Interim Report
humidity, wind and
direction and circulation Section is desired to dwell at The regional
circulation also have been the Regional location of the settings has been
needs to be updated in the SMC with respect to the other reworked to include
regional nodes of Economy, economic and
included. report.
Commerce, and Transport etc functional linkages,
with the regional linkages and as discussed in the
the inter-regional-relationship TAC meeting.
between them.
Other regional influences of
Employment and Socio- Wikipedia as a
economic indicators may also source of
be analysed in this section for information has
arriving at regional level been removed from
strategies of development. the report.
Accordingly the regional maps
are to be provided.
Wikipedia may not be
referenced as a source of info.
The legend to the
Administrative map may be As suggested, the
redefined as per relevant administrative map
information with has been revised.
administrative jurisdiction of
the delineated areas.
Fig 7 does not have proper As suggested, the
relevance to the report. May figure 7 has been
be properly formatted for removed from the
significant inclusion. Fig 8 report.
may be deleted.
Sec 2.5.2 the base year to be
The section 2.5.2
given for all sections.
has been revised
as suggested. And
the data from IMD
Data from govt departments has been used.
may be sought for use in
report.
It has been
Sec 2.5.6 Area under forests
mentioned in
to be given.
Section 2.5.6 that
Proper maps to be there is no
incorporated with legend and significant forest
symbols cover in the city.
Fig 12 may be deleted.
As suggested, the
figure 12 has been
deleted.


Interim Report
The report
Demographic The reason for mentioned These comments have not The reason for
Profile drastic decline that the been incorporated. drastic decline of
in growth trend sudden growth has been
from 117.73% mentioned in
increase in
during 1991- jurisdiction Section 3.4.
2001 to 8.66% CDP has not attempted the
from 1991 to following analysis:
during 2001-
2011 needs to
2001 is the  Population composition by
reason for The analysis on
be clearly social classes and
high growth SC/St population
explained. It is Economically Weaker
rate of has been included.
also observed sections.
117.73%. However, the
that 22 wards  Age sex-Structure, Age-
During 2001 religion, language
out of 47 wards cohorts, Work-Force,
to 2011 there composition has
have  Ward wise Population not been carried
has been no Distribution
experienced jurisdictional out due to lack of
negative growth  Migration reliable data.
increase.
rate. What  Analysis of Workers,
Hence the
could be the Marginal workers and Non
growth rate is
implications of workers
constant. The age sex
negative growth  Occupational Pattern- in distribution has not
The reason
on the various sectors of economy. been addressed
for negative
development of growth in due to lack of
Maps to show population
city needs to be certain wards reliable data. The
distribution, densities and
elaborated in added in the economically
growth trend curves/graphs
this Chapter. SMC. weaker section
may be included.
Information on population has
Floating population during
population been discussed in
festivals may also be
composition by Section 9.
included.
religion,
language, Graphical representation of
proportion of occupational structure, sex- The ward wise
SC/ST, ratio, and population growth population
Economically may also be included. distribution has
Weaker
been discussed in
Sections and
Section 3.6.
age sex Figure 20 & 21 may be put
distribution also together to show the trend of The graphical
needs to be projection. representation of
assessed in occupation
terms of Sec 3.10.2 the basic structure has been
concentration of assumptions have not been discussed in
population in used in the population Section 4.4.
various parts of projections or demography.
the city. The statistics of Sex-ratio and
Literacy, all programmes As suggested the
Map showing undertaken by the State Govt figure 20 and 21
intra city / ULB in respect of these two have been merged.
variation on aspects may be reported and Refer Section 3.4.
population the benefits or outcomes of
density to be such awareness programmes
included. In may be listed and analysed for The discussion on
view of future strategy. programmes
declining conducted by ULB
No critical issues/constraints to support healthy
growth rate, it is have been identified for
rather difficult to sex ratio has been
specific attention and included in the
foresee that the Demographic study and
city has the right CDP. (Refer
control. section 3.11)
potential to Population density maps
develop in could have been identified
future or it may zones of more stringent


Interim Report
be more or less control over new areas /
a stagnated additional housing areas or The details on the
growth story. other uses. age-sex structure
is not available and
has been included
as a data gap in the
CDP.
The key issues and

observations have
been provided in
Section 3.12.
The existing landuse

did not identify any
restricted zones for
housing in the SMC
limits.
The section
Economic Profile In overall, the on land These comments have not As suggested, the
of the Town Chapter has market shall been incorporated. entire section has
touched upon be updated as been restructured
all the aspects This Chapter is not well with discussion on:
per data drafted.
on city’s availability.
economy. It is State level policies
desirable to Sectoral activities
include a The other The not mentioned and mapping of
section on land suggestions distribution of economic economic activities
and its role in shall be activities, industrial profiles, in city
market and its incorporated workforce participation, and
environmental in the report. workers classification, Informal economic
sustainability. economic policies affecting activity
How the the economy, key economic
indicators, and informal Workforce
economy of the participation and
city is going to economic details.
workers
sustain in view The chapter does not have classification
of declining any significance without the (primary,
population abovementioned details in the secondary and
growth needs to report. tertiary)
be elaborated.
CDP needs to include The information on

analysis of Broad sectors no. of units
which constitute the economic registered in
base of the city viz. Primary, primary, secondary
Secondary (Manufacturing, and tertiary sector
Processing, Servicing, is not available and
Construction etc) and Tertiary has been included
(Trade & Commerce, as data gap.
Transport and other services)
All major Primary, Secondary
and Tertiary units registered The map showing
should be tabulated with their the major
employment and production economic activities
in the city have
statistics.


Interim Report
been provided in
The 3 sectors of Timber, this section.
Tourism and Tea has to show
more details of production, As suggested, the
employment and facilities in key issues have
this sector for economic been revised.
development
It should also incorporate
analysis on Investment,
Capacity, Production,
Employment and industrial
infrastructure.
The CDP has to include the
informal sector of the
economy as well for its
potential employment and
contribution to economy.
Location Map of clusters of
industries may be included in
the report.
Key issues have to be worked
out better.
Physical Planning The physical As suggested These comments have not As suggested, the
and Growth growth trend of colour maps been incorporated. land use analysis
Management the city has shall be with predominant
been explained annexed with The landuse analysis should functions and
appropriately, this sections. provide an overview of City activities has been
however, it will The Land use growth and of predominant provided in Section
be desirable to maps uses/functions/activities / 5.5.1.
include colour showing the ownership and Land market
maps in order to temporal for the horizon year.
have better changes The proposed Land
comprehension. could be use is not available
Further, land presented The analysis of future land for SMC area.
use map based on data use needs to be correlated
existing for two availability. with the availability of land vis-
different periods a-vis use suitability and
and proposed to location.
be shown in
colour also to
be included
clearly
analysing the
changes in the
land use
pattern.
Figure 36 is
difficult to
comprehend as
it is given in
black and white.
Social
Environment The chapter As These comments have not As suggested,
sans suggested, been incorporated. analysis of health
description on Figure 38 facilities and
social and shall be This Chapter is not well comparison with
cultural shown in drafted. URDPFI guidelines


Interim Report
environment colour in the has been provided
and they are report. in Section 6.2.4.
conducive for
all-round
development of
the city. Further,
existing The key issues
analysis of have been
education and redrafted as
health facilities suggested.
should be Health
compared with
URDPFI The existing situation of the
Guidelines, Health sector has not be
2014 in order to assessed or worked out for its
clearly bring out quantitative or qualitative
the deficiencies requirements.
with regard to Details of Category of
intra city Hospitals/Facility, Capacity
disparities in (beds), Child welfare and
their availability. Maternity, Medical and
Figure 38 to be support staff counts, Area of
shown in colour Facility, Service zone to be
to clearly included.
identify the
The quantitative
location of
assessment of the
various Supportive infrastructure education facilities
facilities. facilities for existing health has been provided
care institutions be presented in Section 1.3.1
in tabular form. and the
Overall all health comparison with
infrastructure facilities must URDPFI guidelines
be compared w.r.t URDPFI has been provided
guidelines, 2014 both in terms in Section 1.3.3.
of area and population
coverage.
out better. The information on
student teacher
ratio and drop outs
Education is not available and
has been indicated
The existing situation of the as a data gap.
Education sector has not be
assessed or worked out for its
quantitative or qualitative
requirements.
Details regarding existing

infrastructure facilities,
Students enrolled at every
level of education to ascertain
adequacy of facility.
Information on Student-
Teacher ratio, School drop
outs with reasons may also be
added.
All educational facilities have
to be presented in categories


Interim Report
of Girls and Boys to address
the issues of differing between The tabulated
Female and Male literacy rate. details of parks in
SMC has been
The Central/State policy/ provided in Section
schemes for the education 6.4.
may also be included,
particularly for girls and
minorities.
All facilities to be mapped and The comparison
provisions compared w.r.t with URDPFI
URDPFI Guidelines. guidelines has
Key issues have to be worked been provided in
out better. Section 1.4.1.
Recreation
The discussion on
The existing situation of the city clubs and other
recreation sector has not be sorts of
assessed or worked out for its entertainment
quantitative or qualitative locations has been
requirements. included.
A tabulated form of location

wise distribution of recreation
facilities with Name, category,
area and facilities to be
included. Environmental
issues around recreational
spaces may also be
discussed. Norms for Parks,
Play fields, Open space,
amusement park may be
compared with URDPFI
Guidelines, 2014.
Possibilities of city lakes &
surrounding spaces for
recreation purposes may also
be explored.
Location all social
infrastructure facilities may be
indicated in a map.
Other Sports/Social Clubs,
Libraries other social activities
to be included.
out better.
The chapter is The

Infrastructure and quite infrastructure These comments have not The coverage of
Services comprehensive, and services been incorporated. water supply in
however, there assessment slum areas has
is also need to has been been discussed in
assess carried at city Section 9.2.
coverage of level. Hence
water supply ward level
network, with information It has been clarified
special focus on that the analysis of


Interim Report
inclusion of the has not been water supply
EWS, LIG and presented. coverage and
slum areas into distribution have
the coverage of The water been carried out
the network. It supply city level. Per
should also network capita availability
estimate per coverage for has been
capita EWS, LIG estimated at city
availability of and slum level.
water and areas shall be
availability updated as
through per data
different availability.
sources at the
ward level as The other As suggested the
well. suggestions flow chart showing
have been A tabulated form of Source of the water supply
Intra city addressed in augmentation, Storage services has been
disparities in the the Draft facilities, Treatment capacity, provided in Section
water supply CDP. and distribution system and 7.1.1
should be The social supported with maps /Flow
clearly reflected infrastructure diagram may be incorporated.
in the CDP. map has been
The network maps
annexed in Network Map for all
has shall be
As the city is not the Draft infrastructures (existing and
included based on
having report. proposed) Water Supply,
data availability.
underground Sewerage and Solid Waste
sewerage, what Disposal are to be included.
options could The storm
water Key issues should quantify The key issues
be thought off
drainage map gaps in supply, need of New have been
especially in
shall be Proposals and maintenance redrafted to
terms of
provided or repair needs to arrive at highlight the issues
decentralized
based on the “project proposals” with in service levels
waste water
availability. Capital investment needs. and thus provide
treatment
needs to be basis for project
elaborated. identification.
Table 38 maybe corrected
Provision of Sewerage Network Map

water supply, should plot all existing and
underground proposed service units and The table 38 has
sewerage and networks (Treatment Plant, been eliminated
solid waste pumps, pumping stations, since the updated
management to pipe networks, etc) are to be data is not
adhere to included. available.
CPHEEO Key issues have to be worked
norms. out better.
Map showing
existing
drainage
The CDP has to work out the
network and
overall Solid Waste
solid waste generation for 2041 and
landfill site to be estimate the machinery and
incorporated. equipment requirement for
collecting, handling,
Map showing transporting and disposal of
the distribution the waste at the horizon of
of social 2041, and also find the gaps in
infrastructure the existing situation.


Interim Report
may be placed
in Chapter -6 CDP may detail the proposed
technologies for treatment of
bio-degradable, non-
biodegradable, bio-medical
and bio-hazardous wastes.
Also waste-to-energy
potential may be explored.
Table 42 : may include the
construction waste
The current method of
disposal of bio-medical waste
disposal maybe explained.
Solid Waste Management
Map should show all existing
and proposed Unit space and
transport network
(Treatment/Processing Plant, As suggested the
Transfer stations, Vehicle demand analysis
yards, Landfill site, for transport
Community bin spaces, etc) capacity, landfill
are to be included. requirement and
treatment capacity
Key issues have to be worked has been
out better. discussed in
Section 17.4.
This section is not well

drafted.
The existing situation is not
detailed.
As suggested and
Key issues should quantify as per discussions
need of New Proposals and with ULB officials,
maintenance or repair needs suitable
to arrive at “project proposals” technologies for
with Capital investment waste treatment
needs. have been
proposed.
This section is not well

drafted. The share of
construction waste
The existing situation is not
has not been
detailed.
included, since the
The street lighting maybe ULB is not carrying
incorporated based on the out precise
vulnerable to personal safety. analysis of the
Key issues should quantify construction waste.
need of New Proposals and
maintenance or repair needs to
arrive at “project proposals” The current status
with Capital investment of bio medical
needs. waste has been
indicated in Section
7.4.4.


Interim Report
The street lighting

section has been
redrafted. Areas
which lack street
lights and thus
pose vulnerability
to personal safety
have been
discussed.
The chapter As
Traffic and needs to suggested, These comments have not The section has
Transportation include the the maps been incorporated. been revised to
System modal split. shall be include :
Further, there presented in
has been no colour. The indicative traffic
assessment of volumes have been
the need of provided in Figure -
facilities like bus The 38
terminal, truck assessment
terminal and on need for
integrated bus terminals, The traffic modal
freight complex freight split has been
especially in complex, and discussed in Section
terms of size, conflict points
in the city has City assessment has to 8.3
space usage include physical
and different been updated
in the draft characteristics and indicators, The status of
type of facilities Conditions of road network, existing bus
within the report.
capacity of network, other terminals has been
premises. This transport discussed in Section
is important as infrastructures/facilities like 8.6. The conflict
lot of freight Bus terminals and truck points in the city has
traffic passes terminals. For Railways, been discussed in
through the city Seaports and IWT, volume of Section 8.1.2
on route to Passenger viz-a-viz Freight
neighboring load may also be accounted The freight terminals
countries. for study during the last few have been
years for analysing trends. discussed in Section
What are the 8.7.6
major conflict
points in traffic
Modal Split, Volume and As suggested, the
circulation in the maps in the section
city. Directional Flow, Passenger
trips, BRT system in region, have been revised
Nodes/Facility needs, Para to provid better
The maps given transits, NMT & Accidents, legibility.
in the Chapter disaster management may
cannot be also be analysed. The road network
comprehended condition has been
and it is Present Public parking needs included in Section
desirable that and projection into Horizon 8.1.1
the same may 2041 may also be included.
be shown in The parking needs
colour. for present


Interim Report
requirement as per
Figure 40: maybe presentable the CMP study has
way. been provide in
Key issues have to be worked Section 8.5. The
out better.
data on parking
projections is not
available.
The section
Housing and It is not clear in on housing These comments have not The demand gap
Urban Poverty the chapter that demand has been incorporated. analysis for
what the been included housing has been
shortage of in the report. included in Section
housing in the 9.1.3.
The no.
city is. Although houses and
it has been households
mentioned that has been Housing typology, in the inner The population
there are 1.69 cross city and the peripheral zones below poverty line
lakh houses checked and has not been discussed. has been updated
against 1.15 updated in the Key issues have to be worked in Section 9.2.1.
lakh report. out better.
households in
2011. It is also As suggested, The figure 47 is not
not clear that, figure 47 would available in color.
what is the be shown in
proportion of colour.
population living The proportion of
under the population below
poverty line. poverty line has
Figure (47) been included in
should be Section 9.2.1
shown in colour.
The housing
scenario in the city
has been updated in
Section 9.1.4.
Baseline With regard to The Table 58 needs to describe The updated
Environment: Disaster measures the maximum and minimum information on the
Urban Mitigation and taken by extent of pollution at one environmental
Environment and Management, district location so as to ascertain parameters is not
Disaster only descriptive administration diurnal variation with available. It has
Management assessment have been reference to a specific period been indicated as a
has been done. updated in the of observation. And the data data gap.
What measures report. may be updated to 2015.
have been
taken by the There is a need for The project on
district assessment of existing status disaster
authorities for of seasonal ambient air quality management has
preparing the (winter, summer and been included in
Disaster monsoon seasons). sector plan.
Management Table 59 maybe updated.
Plan as both Within the city there
District and the are no ecologically
city falls in sensitive regions.
Noise levels have to be
Seismic Zone - analysed, especially in
IV industrial areas and traffic
intersection.
Institution/Authorities
responsible for Disaster


Interim Report
Management and their roles
and responsibilities may be
clearly indicated.
Capacity Building to manage
disaster situation at ULB level
is needed.
State and Local level Disaster
Management cells/units and
their constitution may also be
reported.
Ecological/Environmentally
sensitive river front Areas of
Natural Significance and their
development control policies
may also be discussed.
Any disaster shelter

(Community hall, Primary
school or temple and other
public buildings) may also be
indicated. Existing early
warning and communication
systems also to be reported.
Map for cover of Water Bodies
may be added. Further
catchment area of each major
Water body may also be
marked. Policy measures to
curb depleting ground water
may also be identified.
The city level data
Climate change With regard to The section City level analysis is not done. for climate change is
and Sustainable climate change, shall be not available and
Development it has to be seen updated has been included
whether the based on data as a data gap in the
average mean availability CDP.
temperature of
the city and
district has
increased in the
recent past.
Further, the
incidence of
floods should
have also been
mentioned in
the chapter.
How the Master
Plan of the city
has addressed
the issue may
also be
indicated with
the Chapter
The Chapter is There are no It has been clarified
Cultural rather significant These comments have not that there is no
Resources, descriptive as heritage been incorporated. significant heritage
Heritage and there is no structures in the SMC limits.
Tourism analysis of visit within the Also, ASI/state listed


Interim Report
of tourists to the corporation structures are not
city as well as limits. present in the city.
district.
The information on
The Chapter festivels of cultural
should also importance has
mention that been updated in
whether Siliguri Section 12.5.
Municipal
Corporation Based available
/Siliguri data, the tourist
Jalpaiguri footfall has been
Development Natural Feature areas/ updated in Section
Authority have Natural Heritage areas are to 12.5.
done the listing be discussed w.r.t the rivers
of heritage and their habitat zones.
structures not Heritage analysis has to
covered under include legislation,
the ASI Acts. Institutions, conservation
programmes and Tourism
Since the City is aspects. Programmes may
gateway to assess current status,
Sikkim, Bhutan deficiencies and Broad
and Nepal, it proposals of each Heritage
has to be listed/tabulated and propose
ensured that lot measures to improve
of importance to connectivity of all
be given for heritage/tourism sites with
strengthening other facilities for developing
the tourism tourism.
infrastructure. The CDP has to report on the
The Chapter Cultural resources: cultural
should include festivals, practices, rituals,
the map which use of public spaces during
should clearly festivals and the social
show the integration in such occasions.
location of both
ASI protected
monuments and It is desired that lists be drawn
non-ASI up for Heritage and Religious
Heritage sites as per ASI, ULB and
structures. local unlisted significant
heritage.
Condition assessment,
Footfalls (no of domestic and
international tourists) and
Revenue generated, Renewal
and upkeep needs should
arrive at financial estimates.
This chapter may be drawn up

w.r.t Section 6.12 of the toolkit
including Heritage Resource
Management Plan for both
Tangible and in-tangible
Heritage.


Interim Report
It may also indicate whether
Heritage Conservation
Committee (HCC) may be
constituted.
A matrix of Role and
Assessments of It appears that As Responsibilities as per Section
Institutions, Siliguri suggested, 4.2.5 may help in sorting out The matrix
Systems and Municipal the issues staffing, overlapping and indicating roles and
Capacities. corporation has with respect unsynchronized functions responsibilities of
adequate to between various departments various departments
sanction of coordination in the Planning Area. has been provided
posts, however, within SMC “Function and Organisation in Section 13.4.
the Chapter and SJDA
Mapping” (page 23 of revised
should clearly has been toolkit, 2013)
mention about updated in the
the problems report.
beings faced in
implementing
the reforms.
How effective is
the coordination
of Municipal
Corporation
with Siliguri
Jalpaiguri
Development
Authority in
terms of
implementation
of the Master
Plan.
CDP should also undertake an The assessment of
Municipal The Chapter The assessment of revenue past trends of
Financial has given the measures to sources under all heads to revenue sources
Management. details of recent improve the explore areas of possible has been provided
status of operating increase in tax & non-tax in Section 14.2.
Municipal ratio have revenues for the Corporation.
Finances and it been The revenue
has highlighted provided in enhancement
that the section 18.9 measures have
operating ratio of draft report been discussed in
is beyond 1 Section 18.8
which indicates
revenue deficit
in the
municipality.
The chapter
should have
suggested other
options for
revenue
generation in
the Municipal
corporation.
SWOT analysis The Chapter The Sectoral SWOT evolves into As suggested the
has more or suggestions overall SWOT. SWOT leads SWOT analysis has
less identified shall be to a set of adoptable been revised to
the strength and incorporated measures / strategies to reflect the sectoral
weaknesses of in the report. undertake Development and SWOT analysis and
the city along should exclude other options. highlight the
with SWOT exercise maybe taken opportunities. Also,
opportunities

Interim Report
and threats up as per Section 4.3 of the environmental
based on toolkit. concerns have been
certain incorporated in
parameters. threats.
Environmental and other
However, there
is a need to concerns have not been
analyse that mentioned in the Threats and
how city will may be incorporated.
grow to its full
potential as the
population
growth has
been on
decline.
The suggestions
Stakeholder The Chapter Suggestion/recommendations and
Consideration has highlighted and outcomes are not recommendations of
the stakeholder mentioned. stakeholders has
view on issues been updated in
and challenges Section 16
in the key areas
of City
Development.
-
Annexures The Chapter - -
gives the detail
of focus group
discussions and
consultations.
Sector Plans Comments for all Sectoral As suggested, the
Plans presented in this demand gap
chapter: analysis for 2021
1. The Sector Goals stated and 2041 horizon
at the sector Plan table periods have been
should be drawn from derived from city
Table 78 and matched level assessment.
with issues identified
against each sector in
City assessment.
2. All calculations of The proposed
estimated requirements projects have been
@ Short term and long aligned with the
term horizon should be action plans
placed with projected recommended.
population at the horizon
and per capita need.
3. The phasing of Capital
investments is shown
only until 2021. The long
term phasing should
also be included.
4. There are obvious
mismatches between
the CIP broad phasing
and the detailed outlay
in financial years. These
may be corrected.
Other specific Sectoral
comments;


Interim Report
SWM- Plan does not identify
Land requirement for the
Sanitary Landfill site
Housing – Plan has not
assessed demand and
projects for either short term
or long term.
The Demand-Gap analysis for

all sectors should be drawn
from City Assessments.
There is a mismatch in the
Existing situation in the
Demand-gap analysis of
sectoral plans and City
assessments.
The Actions Plans for short

term Goals (projects) should
be synchronised with the
Action Plans Formulated in
the Goals and Strategies at
Table 78
1. All calculations of
CIP estimated requirements The section has
@ Short term and long been restricted to
term horizon should be include demand
placed with projected gap analysis, CIP,
population at the horizon project details s
and per capita need. suggested.
2. The phasing of Capital
investments is shown
only until 2021. The long
term phasing should
also be included.
There are obvious
mismatches between the CIP
broad phasing and the
detailed outlay in financial
years. These may be
corrected.
Projects identified for all
sectors have been listed for
Sectoral project description
should be drawn from
Demand-Gap analysis,
Priority Rank from
Stakeholders identified
issues.
Project description may also
include specific Location,
Land Area requirement and


Interim Report
the quantity and Sub projects.
Tables need to be re-worked
accordingly.
Formats for monitoring for the Section on review

first 3 years of the short term and monitoring has
phasing may be included in been included in
the CDP Section 19.
TAC meeting comments

Sector Comments CRISIL response
Project  Reference to JnNURM in the report  The suggestion has been
Background may be kept minimum unless incorporated in the Final CDP.
quantified in project investments
and current status reports;
Introduction  Introduction to the city is desirable  Introduction has been revised.
to city to be kept short and crisp; Refer section 2.
 India map to be corrected (Jammu  As suggested the map has been
& Kashmir part), Figure-5; revised.
 Figure-7 to be revised with detailed  The regional connectivity map has
regional connections; been revised.
 Wind direction an annual rainfall  The wind direction and rainfall
trend map to be incorporated; details have been provided in
section 2.5.2.
Demography  Age-sex details to be provided;  The figures 21 and 22 have been
 Add details on Migration; merged as suggested.
 Figure 20 & Figure 21 may be put  The age sex details are not
together to show the trend of available. Hence this has been
projections; mentioned as a data gap.
 Growth factors brief (possibly with  The subjective argument on growth
quantitative reference) for factors have been mentioned in
population projections population projection.
Economic  Provide the more details on Tea,  The section has been updated as
profile of the Timber, Tourism economic per the data available.
town activities;
 Informal sector and employment
details, contribution to economy;
 Details of IT sector employment and
real estate investment details;
Physical  Provide the details of Tea estates in  The brief on cities potential growth
planning and and around the city; corridors has been provide in
growth  Link the Figure 33 with Table 17; Section 5.4.
management  Brief on Future city expansion;
Social  Details of Teacher-student ratio;  The social infrastructure has been
environment  Details of child friendly toilets; compared with URDPFI
 Institutional development in slum guidelines.(Section 6.2.4)
areas;  As suggested, the stray animal
 Compare the current health and issues have been updated in the
education facilities with URDPFI health infrastructure sector.
guidelines ;
 Bring out the stray animal issues;

Sector Comments CRISIL response

Infrastructure  Brief the key issues in terms of  As suggested, the key issues have
and services coverage, distribution and cost been updated.
recovery;  The demand gap analysis for
 Provide the gap/requirement details sewerage has been provided in
of Sewerage system; sector plan (Refer section 17.3).
 Table 46 may be insert in between
the paragraph to cross refer the
data;
Urban roads,  Major roads and junctions may be  The list of major roads and junctions
traffic and listed out in Section 8.1; has been listed in Section 8.1.2.
transportation  Acceptable share of roads type and  This has not been addressed since
comparison with Siliguri roads no such comparable norm is
system
(Arterial, sub arterial, collector available.
street, local);  The traffic density map has been
 Add the traffic density map; added. (Refer figure 38).
 On street parking locations map;  The on street parking locations
 List out the accident prone areas; have been discussed in Section 8.5.
 Suggest suitable public transport  Transit Oriented Development has
system for the city; been discussed in the TOD Section
Housing and  Details of Slum improvement and  The details of slum improvement
urban poverty UPE cell; programme have been discussed in
 Revise the slum map; Section 9.2.2.
 Details of women self-help groups;  As suggested, the slum map has
 Self-help group networking details; been revised. (Refer figure 46).
 Innovative employment generation  The self-help groups have been
options for women (self-help provided in Section 9.2.4
groups);  The details of NGOs have been
 Details of NGOs/CBOs and their provided in Section 16.
participation in City development;
Baseline  Update the air, water pollution data  The latest data is not available and
Urban with latest statistics; has been indicated as a data gap.
environment
Cultural  Map the tourist points in the city;  The tourist locations have been
resources,  Add issues related to heritage provided in figure 21.
heritage and conservation ;  The details of the national park near
tourism  Details of national park near Siliguri; Siliguri have been updated.
SWOT  Improve the SWOT analysis  As suggested, the SWOT analysis
Analysis section; has been updated.
 Provide the scaling details of high,
medium and low;
City Vision  Concept development on City  The concept on city vision have
and strategies vision; been provided in section 16.6.
 Revise the Table 78;  As suggested, the table 78 has
been revised.
Sector plans  Project proposal for development of  The suggested projects have been
“T-Museum, Sport complex; incorporated in CDP.
 Development options for Eco,
Health Tourism infrastructure ;
 Revise the investment cost of
Tourism sector;

Annex-12: TAC minutes

Minutes of the meeting
Discussion on draft CDP for Siliguri
Date 24th March, 2015

Place Nirman Bhavan, MOUD, Delhi
Agenda of Discussion on draft CDP for Siliguri with Technical Advisory Committee (TAC)
meeting
Discussion points for Siliguri
Project  Reference to JnNURM in the report may be kept minimum unless quantified
in project investments and current status reports;
Background
Introduction to  Introduction to the city is desirable to be kept short and crisp;

 India map to be corrected (Jammu & Kashmir part), Figure-5;
city
 Figure-7 to be revised with detailed regional connections;
 Wind direction an annual rainfall trend map to be incorporated;
 Age-sex details to be provided;
Demography
 Add details on Migration;
 Figure 20 & Figure 21 may be put together to show the trend of projections;
 Growth factors brief (possibly with quantitative reference) for population
projections
Economic profile  Provide the more details on Tea, Timber, Tourism economic activities;
 Informal sector and employment details, contribution to economy;
of the town
 Details of IT sector employment and real estate investment details;
 Provide the details of Tea estates in and around the city;
Physical planning
 Link the Figure 33 with Table 17;
and growth
 Brief on Future city expansion;
management
 Details of Teacher-student ratio;

Social
 Details of child friendly toilets;
environment
 Institutional development in slum areas;
 Compare the current health and education facilities with URDPFI guidelines
;
 Bring out the stray animal issues;
Infrastructure and  Brief the key issues in terms of coverage, distribution and cost recovery;
 Provide the gap/requirement details of Sewerage system;
services
 Table 46 may be insert in between the paragraph to cross refer the data;
Urban roads,  Major roads and junctions may be listed out in Section 8.1;
 Acceptable share of roads type and comparison with Siliguri roads (Arterial,
traffic and sub arterial, collector street, local);
transportation  Add the traffic density map;
system  On street parking locations map;
 List out the accident prone areas;
 Suggest suitable public transport system for the city;
Housing and  Details of Slum improvement and UPE cell;
 Revise the slum map;
urban poverty
 Details of women self-help groups;
 Self-help group networking details;
 Innovative employment generation options for women (self-help groups);

 Details of NGOs/CBOs and their participation in City development;

Baseline Urban  Update the air, water pollution data with latest statistics;
environment
Cultural  Map the tourist points in the city;

 Add issues related to heritage conservation ;
resources,
 Details of national park near Siliguri;
heritage and
tourism
 Improve the SWOT analysis section;

SWOT Analysis
 Provide the scaling details of high, medium and low;
City Vision and  Concept development on City vision;
 Revise the Table 78;
strategies
 Project proposal for development of “T-Museum, Sport complex;

Sector plans
 Development options for Eco, Health Tourism infrastructure ;
 Revise the investment cost of Tourism sector;
Other general comments
1. Formation of policy committee is pending in Siliguri. Responding to this, SMC commissioner
has informed that the municipal elections will be held in April 2nd week and once the
administrative body formed, policy committee will take place at priority basis;
2. List of stakeholders (Attendance sheet) to be incorporated;
3. Issues should be written in detail linking with the discussion in the relevant subsection;
4. Add the summary, preface, acknowledgment and project team details in the report;
5. ATR should be annexed with revised Draft report;
6. Total proposed projects list should be annexed (in a single sheet) in the report;

Our Offices / Contact us:
Registered Office – Mumbai New Delhi Hyderabad
CRISIL House, Central Avenue, Plot No. 46 (Opposite Provident 3rd Floor, Uma Chambers
Hiranandani Business Park, Fund Office), Plot No. 9&10, Nagarjuna Hills,
Powai, Mumbai- 400 076 Sector 44, Gurgaon 122 003, Near Punjagutta Cross Road
Phone : 91-22-3342 3000 Haryana, India Hyderabad - 500 082
Fax : 91-22-3342 3810 Phone : 91-124-672 2000 Phone : 91-40-40328200
Fax : 91-124-672 2495 Fax : 91-40-2335 7507
Bengaluru Ahmedabad
W-101, Sunrise Chambers, 706, Venus Atlantis,
22, Ulsoor Road, Near Reliance Petrol Pump
Bengaluru - 560 042 Prahladnagar, Ahmedabad - 380 015
Visit us at:
Phone : 91-80-2558 0899 Phone : 91-79-4024 4500
www.crisil.com
Fax : 91-80-2559 4801 Fax : 91-79-2755 9863
About CRISIL Infrastructure Advisory
CRISIL Infrastructure Advisory is a division of CRISIL Risk and Infrastructure Solutions Limited, a 100% subsidiary of CRISIL Limited – India’s
leading Ratings, Research, Risk and Policy Advisory Company.
CRISIL Infrastructure Advisory is India’s premier advisor focusing on policy issues, as well as commercial and contractual is sues in the areas of
transport, energy and urban infrastructure. We also provide support to international firms planning investments in India. Over a period of time, CRISIL
Infrastructure Advisory has built a unique position for itself in these domains and is considered the preferred consultant by governments, multilateral
agencies and private-sector clients. We have extended our operations beyond India and are present in other emerging markets in Africa, Middle East
and South Asia.
Stay Connected | Twitter | LinkedIn | YouTube | Facebook
CRISIL Limited CRISIL Ltd is a Standard & Poor's company

CRISIL House, Central Avenue, Hiranandani Business Park, Powai, Mumbai – 400076. India
Phone: + 91 22 3342 3000 Fax: + 91 22 3342 1830
www.crisil.com

Siliguri CDP Final Report 29april15

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Siliguri CDP Final Report 29april15

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Siliguri CDP Final Report 29april15

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

City Development Plan for

Capacity Building for Urban Development project

Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India

The World Bank

Ministry of Urban Development

Capacity Building for Urban

City Development Plan for

Mr. Brijgopal Ladda Team Leader and Urban Development Specialist

Dr. Ravikant Joshi Municipal Finance Specialist

Dr. Madhusree Banerjee Social Development Specialist

Mr. K K Shrivastava Municipal Engineer

Mr. Ratnakar Reddy Transport Expert

Mr. Tapas Ghatak GIS Expert

Mr. Darshan Parikh Disaster Management Expert

Mr. Appeeji Parasher

Mr. Sushant Sudhir

Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1

2.4 Defining the study area .................................................................................................. 28

4.4 Siliguri city economy ...................................................................................................... 48

6.3.4 Key issues ........................................................................................................... 73

8.5 Parking ........................................................................................................................ 105

11.4 National action plan on climate change ........................................................................ 133

16.1 Stakeholder consultations ............................................................................................ 160

17.7 Basic Services for Urban Poor Sector Plan................................................................... 192

19. Review and Monitoring framework ......................................................................................... 224

Table 34: Details of number of water connections in SMC ................................................................ 78

Table 102: Projects Details – Sewerage and sanitation .................................................................. 181

Table 136: Urban governance sector strategy ................................................................................ 204

FOCIN Federation of Chamber of Commerce and Industry of North Bengal

NEIIP North East Industrial and Investment Promotion Policy

SSK Sahbhagi Shikshan Kendra

Final Report-Siliguri City Development Plan [2]

ii. Sewerage and sanitation

vii. Social infrastructure

Final Report-Siliguri City Development Plan [3]

x. Tourism sector development

SMC’s financial assessment

Final Report-Siliguri City Development Plan [4]

Short Term Long Term Total

Source: CRIS analysis

5. West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency (WBREDA): WBREDA is

Final Report-Siliguri City Development Plan [6]

SMC’s investment capacity and financial operating plan

 Reforms in property tax need to be implemented immediately to improve coverage and

Final Report-Siliguri City Development Plan [7]

Final Report-Siliguri City Development Plan [8]

Final Report-Siliguri City Development Plan [9]

Figure 1: Urban Infrastructure Investment Requirement 2012-2013

Source: Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure and Services, HPEC, 2011

Final Report-Siliguri City Development Plan [10]

1.2 Revised CDP under Capacity Building for Urban

1.2.1 CBUD Programme

Figure 2: CBUD project components

Capacity Building of Urban

Capacity Building for Capacity Building for

1.2.2 Preparation of Revised CDP under CBUD Programme

1.3 Revised CDP Guidelines – key areas of emphasis

1.3.1 Vision-led planning

1.3.2 Resource-based planning