DEP SPECIFICATION

DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF CHEMICAL-RESISTANT

PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR CONCRETE SURFACES
(BASED ON EN 14879-PARTS 1, 3, 5 AND 6)

DEP 30.48.60.12-Gen.

September 2012

DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE

© 2012 Shell Group of companies

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, published or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the copyright owner or Shell Global Solutions International BV.
 DEP 30.48.60.12-Gen.
September 2012
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PREFACE

DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of Shell Global Solutions
International B.V. (Shell GSI) and, in some cases, of other Shell Companies.
These views are based on the experience acquired during involvement with the design, construction, operation and
maintenance of processing units and facilities. Where deemed appropriate DEPs are based on, or reference international,
regional, national and industry standards.
The objective is to set the standard for good design and engineering practice to be applied by Shell companies in oil and
gas production, oil refining, gas handling, gasification, chemical processing, or any other such facility, and thereby to help
achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization.
The information set forth in these publications is provided to Shell companies for their consideration and decision to
implement. This is of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each
locality. The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual Operating Units to adapt the
information set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements.
When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs, they shall be solely responsible for such use, including the
quality of their work and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those
requirements not specifically covered, the Principal will typically expect them to follow those design and engineering
practices that will achieve at least the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or
Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own respons bility, consult the Principal.
The right to obtain and to use DEPs is restricted, and is typically granted by Shell GSI (and in some cases by other Shell
Companies) under a Service Agreement or a License Agreement. This right is granted primarily to Shell companies and
other companies receiving technical advice and services from Shell GSI or another Shell Company. Consequently, three
categories of users of DEPs can be distinguished:
1) Operating Units having a Service Agreement with Shell GSI or another Shell Company. The use of DEPs by these
Operating Units is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement.
2) Other parties who are authorised to use DEPs subject to appropriate contractual arrangements (whether as part of
a Service Agreement or otherwise).
3) Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2)
which requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said
users comply with the relevant standards.
Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, Shell GSI disclaims
any liability of whatsoever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by any company or person
whomsoever as a result of or in connection with the use, application or implementation of any DEP, combination of DEPs
or any part thereof, even if it is wholly or partly caused by negligence on the part of Shell GSI or other Shell Company. The
benefit of this disclaimer shall inure in all respects to Shell GSI and/or any Shell Company, or companies affiliated to these
companies, that may issue DEPs or advise or require the use of DEPs.
Without prejudice to any specific terms in respect of confidentiality under relevant contractual arrangements, DEPs shall
not, without the prior written consent of Shell GSI, be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever and the
DEPs shall be used exclusively for the purpose for which they have been provided to the user. They shall be returned after
use, including any copies which shall only be made by users with the express prior written consent of Shell GSI. The
copyright of DEPs vests in Shell Group of companies. Users shall arrange for DEPs to be held in safe custody and Shell
GSI may at any time require information satisfactory to them in order to ascertain how users implement this requirement.
All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in Shell GSI.
 DEP 30.48.60.12-Gen.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 4
1.1 SCOPE........................................................................................................................ 4
1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS ......... 4
1.3 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................. 4
1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 5
1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES ............................................................................... 5
1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP ....................................................................................... 5
1.7 TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................ 5
1.8 DUAL UNITS ............................................................................................................... 5
2. SELECTION CRITERIA FOR CHEMICAL-RESISTANT LININGS ........................... 6
2.1 SELECTION ................................................................................................................ 6
2.2 DESIGN AND MATERIALS ........................................................................................ 6
2.3 APPLICATION ............................................................................................................ 6
3. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................ 7
3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................... 7
3.2 JOINTLESS (FLOOR) PROTECTION SYSTEMS...................................................... 7
3.3 CHEMICAL-RESISTANT BRICK OR TILE LINING SYSTEMS ................................. 8
3.4 TRENCHES ................................................................................................................ 9
3.5 NEUTRALISATION PITS .......................................................................................... 10
3.6 DRAINAGE AND PRIMARY TREATMENT FACILITIES .......................................... 11
3.7 CONCRETE VESSELS ............................................................................................ 11
3.8 PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR MISCELLANEOUS CONSTRUCTIONS ............... 12
4. HANDLING AND STORAGE OF LINING MATERIALS .......................................... 13
5. INSTALLATION CHEMICAL RESISTANT PROTECTION SYSTEMS ................... 13
5.1 SURFACE PREPARATION FOR CONCRETE SURFACES ................................... 13
5.2 EXPANSION JOINTS ............................................................................................... 14
5.3 SEALING LAYERS ................................................................................................... 14
5.4 MORTARS ................................................................................................................ 15
5.5 BRICKS AND TILES ................................................................................................. 16
5.6 JOINTLESS (FLOOR) SYSTEMS ............................................................................ 17
6. HEALTH, SAFETY, SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL (HSSE) ASPECTS ...... 18
7. QUALITY CONTROL ............................................................................................... 18
8. INSPECTION BEFORE AND AFTER INSTALLATION........................................... 19
9. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 21
10. BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................... 22
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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 SCOPE
This DEP specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, installation,
testing and inspection of chemical-resistant protection systems for concrete surfaces used
in the petroleum, chemical and gas industries, based on EN 14879-parts 1, 3, 5 and 6.
This DEP covers the following chemical resistant protection systems:
• Coatings on concrete components (as mentioned in EN 14879-3)
• Linings on concrete components (as mentioned in EN 14879-5)
• Combined systems with tile and brick layers (as mentioned in EN 14879-6)
The Contractor shall provide detailed design and construction specifications, based on his
final selection criteria, supplemented by Manufacturer’s requirements and specifications.
Excluded from the scope of this DEP are rubber linings, for which reference is made to
DEP 30.48.60.10-Gen., and (acid-resistant) refractory bricks and shapes, for which
reference is made to DEP 44.24.90.31-Gen. Chemical-resistant linings for process
equipment are covered by DEP 30.48.60.13-Gen.
All clauses of EN 14879-parts 1, 3, 5 and 6 not modified by this DEP Specification remain
valid as written. This DEP is not applicable for use in North America, but should be used as
basis for developing a project specification.
This DEP is a revision of the DEP of the same number dated August 1999. A summary of
the main changes since the previous edition of this DEP is given in (1.5).

1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

Unless otherwise authorised by Shell GSI, the distribution of this DEP is confined to Shell
companies and, where necessary, to Contractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers nominated
by them. Any authorised access to DEPs does not for that reason constitute an
authorisation to any documents, data or information to which the DEPs may refer.
This DEP is intended for use in facilities related to oil refineries, chemical plants, gas plants,
and, where applicable, in supply/marketing installations and exploration and production
facilities. This DEP may also be applied in other similar facilities.
When DEPs are applied, a Management of Change (MOC) process shall be implemented;
this is of particular importance when existing facilities are to be modified.
If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements could be more
stringent than in this DEP, the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the
requirements are the more stringent and which combination of requirements will be
acceptable with regards to the safety, environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all
cases, the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of
this DEP which is considered to be necessary in order to comply with national and/or local
regulations. The Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned, the objective
being to obtain agreement to follow this DEP as closely as possible.

1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 General definitions
The Contractor is the party that carries out all or part of the design, engineering,
procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project or operation of a
facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor.
The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party that manufactures or supplies equipment and
services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor.
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The Principal is the party that initiates the project and ultimately pays for it. The Principal
may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the
Principal.
The word shall indicates a requirement.
The word should indicates a recommendation.
1.3.2 Specific definitions

Term Definition
Applicator This is the party which applies the chemical-resistant linings specified by
the Contractor.

1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES
Where cross-references to other parts of this DEP are made, the referenced section
number is shown in brackets ( ). Other documents referenced in this DEP are listed in (9).

1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES

The previous edition of this DEP was dated August 1999. There have been significant
editorial and technical changes in this edition. Technical requirements are now based on
and covered by EN 14879, Parts 1, 3, 5 and 6. DIN 28062 has been withdrawn and
replaced by EN 14879–6 and the title of the DEP has been changed.

1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP

Comments on this DEP may be submitted to the Administrator using the DEP Feedback
Form by:
• Entering comments directly in the DEP Feedback System on the Technical
Standards Portal http://sww.shell.com/standards (mandatory for users with access to
Shell Wide Web);
• Clicking on the DEP Feedback Form button on the DEPs DVD-ROM main page (for
users without access to Shell Wide Web);
• Requesting a copy of the DEP Feedback Form from the Administrator at
[email protected] (for users without access to Shell Wide Web).
For the last two options, the completed DEP Feedback Form can be attached to an email
and submitted to the Administrator at [email protected]. Only feedback that is entered
into the Feedback Form will be considered.

1.7 TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS

For technical definitions reference is made to EN 14879, Parts 1, 3, 5 and 6, Sections 3.

1.8 DUAL UNITS

This DEP contains both the International System (SI) units, as well as the corresponding
US Customary (USC) units, which are given following the SI units in brackets. When
agreed by the Principal, the indicated USC values/units may be used.
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2. SELECTION CRITERIA FOR CHEMICAL-RESISTANT LININGS

2.1 SELECTION
The selection criteria for chemical-resistant protection systems for concrete surfaces shall
be based on:

EN 14879-1 Organic coating systems and linings for protection of industrial

apparatus and plants against corrosion caused by aggressive media -
Part 1: Terminology, design and preparation of substrate
EN 14879-3 Organic coating systems and linings for protection of industrial
apparatus and plants against corrosion caused by aggressive media -
Part 3: Coatings on concrete components
EN 14879-5 Organic coating systems and linings for protection of industrial
apparatus and plants against corrosion caused by aggressive media -
Part 5: Linings on concrete components
EN 14879-6 Organic coating systems and linings for protection of industrial
apparatus and plants against corrosion caused by aggressive media -
Part 6: Combined linings with tile and brick layers

The selection criteria shall be as such that the most economical and maintenance free
system shall be obtained. The Contractor shall prove the most economical and
maintenance free system, and submit for review to the Principal.
The selection of the chemical resistant protection system shall be based on the criteria as
mentioned in (2.2) and:
• EN 14879-1;
• EN 14879-3;
• EN 14879-5;
• EN 14879-6;
The requirements of the concrete surfaces shall comply with EN 14879-1, Section 4.2 and
as mentioned in the EN 14879, Part 3, 5 and/or 6.

2.2 DESIGN AND MATERIALS

The Contractor shall design and select the materials for concrete surfaces, as indicated in
EN 14879, Parts 3, 5 and 6.

2.3 APPLICATION
The Contractor shall, based on material selection and design, provide general and detailed
drawings, along with detailed method statements to ensure application in line with the
safety and quality requirements of the Principal, and EN 14879, Parts 1, 3, 5 and 6. The
Contractor shall also take into account:
• The requirements of the surface conditions of the subject to be protected;
• The required skills for the job;
• Planning/scheduling of the job;
• Any test requirements (e.g., water tight testing) by others and themselves for the
subject to be protected are executed.
If any deviation of above is observed the Contractor shall notify the Principal.
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3. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1 GENERAL
This section shall provide information and requirements not covered in EN 14879, Parts 1,
3, 5 and Part 6.

3.2 JOINTLESS (FLOOR) PROTECTION SYSTEMS

3.2.1 General
Although the following descriptions mainly relate to application on floors, they can also be
applicable to adjacent walls, corbels, foundation blocks, columns, etc., which are subject to
the same chemical loads.
Chemical-resistant floors are subdivided as follows:
• Floors without continuous chemical attack
Concrete constructions, e.g. floors, without a finish layer can produce considerable
dust when they are dry. Moreover, they are vulnerable to incidental spillage of e.g.,
oils, fat and various chemicals. For such conditions an epoxy lining system,
optionally fibre-reinforced, shall be used. See (3.2.3) and (3.2.4).
• Acid-resistant floors
Floors for acid service only and not exposed to traces of alkali, steam or hot water
shall be provided with a layer of bricks or tiles, which are laid in silicate-cement-
based bedding mortar on the selected sealing layer. The thickness of the mortar
layer shall be 3 mm - 5 mm (1/8 in – 1/5 in)
In case of acid setting potassium silicate mortar acidification of the pointing is
required after curing and setting. This should be carried out after 3 to 4 days after
curing with 3 coats of a 10 % solution of hydrochloric acid. The requirements of the
acidification shall be obtained from the Manufacturer/Supplier, including the
requirements how to handle before and during commissioning of the (tank or basin)
floor.
• Acid-resistant and alkali-resistant floors
Floors exposed to alkali or alkaline solutions, and to acids, shall be provided with
acid-resistant bricks or tiles, which shall be laid in synthetic-resin-based mortar on
the selected sealing layer.
In case acid setting synthetic mortar acidification of the pointing is required after
curing and setting. This should be carried out after 3 to 4 days after curing with 3
coats of a 10 % solution of hydrochloric acid. The requirements of the acidification
shall be obtained from the Manufacturer/Supplier, including the requirements how to
handle before and during commissioning of the (tank or basin) floor.
• Acid-resistant, alkali-resistant and solvent-resistant floors
Thermoplastic materials, if resistant against the specified solvents, may be used.
Generally a mortar based on polyester, vinyl-ester or epoxy resin, or a mortar of the
same base material as used for laying the bricks or tiles, shall be applied as the
sealing layer.
• Floors for mildly to moderately aggressive conditions
For exposure to mildly aggressive conditions or for temporary service, two methods
of protection are recommended:
- a layer of bricks or tiles which are embedded in a hydraulic mortar and
joined with a synthetic-resin-based mortar, or
- a jointless floor based on synthetic resin.
NOTE: Laboratory floors shall be included as well.
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Jointless systems shall be continuous, liquid-tight and resistant to the chemicals to which
they may become exposed.
The floors shall have a slope of at least 1:50 for the drainage of rain water and spillage
water, which can be best obtained by applying a concrete fill to the sub-floor.
Standard drawings S 19.050 and S 19.055 show respectively the construction of a
chemical-resistant floor and drains for the discharge of rain water and/or spillage water.
3.2.2 Synthetic-resin-based lining systems
For exposure to mildly aggressive conditions or for temporary services, the use of jointless
floors based on synthetic resin may be considered.
The floors shall be provided with a non-slip surface layer, especially where frequent access
will be required. Surfaces can be made slip proof by scattering sand, powdered quartz or
silicon carbide on the wet surface immediately after placement.
The following types of floors are commonly used:
• Trowelling floor
The trowelling floor shall be applied in one layer with a thickness varying between
5 mm and 10 mm (1/5 in and 2/5 in).
The trowelling compound has a high content of filler material. The ratio of binder to
filler material is about 1 : 7.5 by weight. An optimum density of the trowelling layer
can be obtained by grading the filler material.
Trowelling compounds have high compressive strength, excellent adhesion to a wide
range of materials and good resistance against corrosive agents.
• Self-levelling floor
The self-levelling floor shall be applied in one layer with a thickness varying between
2 mm and 4 mm (1/12 in – 1/6 in). This type of floor has good chemical resistance
but a low mechanical strength. By adding filling materials in the ratio of binder to
filling material of 1 : 2.5 by weight (but without adding solvents) a sufficiently self-
levelling system can be obtained.
3.2.3 Glass-or synthetic fibre-reinforced synthetic-resin based lining systems
For less severe chemical conditions, these systems may be considered as a possible
substitute for brickwork or tiling. These systems shall not be used in areas where frequent
maintenance is executed (dropping of tools, etc.) and/or only in areas with low mechanical
loads.
The minimum thickness of such a system shall be at least 4 mm (1/6 in).
3.2.4 Resin-based coating systems
Resin-based coating systems, as indicated in EN 14879-3 may be applied where
aggressive products are intermittently present, e.g., in trenches, concrete constructions in
plants, chimneys, and on dry or wet floors where chemicals may be spilled.
Epoxy based coating systems shall not be used for protection against continuous chemical
attack, not even for mildly aggressive conditions, nor in areas where frequent maintenance
is executed on equipment, nor in areas where mechanical loads can be expected.
If the concrete will be exposed to brackish or lightly contaminated water, a phenol-free
bitumen coating may be used. The dry film thickness shall be at least 400 µm (16 mil).
The requirements of EN 14879-3 and Manufacturer/Supplier shall be applied.

3.3 CHEMICAL-RESISTANT BRICK OR TILE LINING SYSTEMS

3.3.1 General
Chemical-resistant brick or tile linings are part of a multi-layer system which generally
consists of:
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• concrete, providing rigidity and strength;

• an impervious sealing layer, to prevent the corrosive medium from reaching the
concrete;
• one or more layers of chemical-resistant bricks or tiles laid in a chemical-resistant
mortar, mainly as a protective layer for the sealing layer (i.e. thermal loads and
mechanical impact).
The design shall take into account the difference in thermal expansion between the brick or
tile lining, sealing layer and the concrete surface. . The Contractor shall clearly indicate the
design and application requirements to avoid cracking due to the difference in thermal
expansion of the materials and/or systems.
Tiles are generally applied to surfaces which are readily accessible and to floors which are
not heavily loaded, otherwise bricks shall be used.
3.3.2 Sealing layers
The chemical resistance of the various sealing layer materials is given in EN 14879–6,
Table 4.
Sealing layers shall be continuous, vapour-tight and, in order to prevent damage to the
joints in the chemical-resistant layer, sufficiently flexible to allow for expansion and
contraction induced by structural movements.
3.3.3 Expansion joints
Expansion joints shall be installed outside the zones of chemical attack.
When this cannot be avoided, they shall be located in areas where there is the least
possible chance of aggressive liquids permeating them, e.g., not at the lowest point of the
drainage slope.
Standard Drawing S 19.051 (see also Figure 4-2) and Standard Drawing S 19.052 (for
(limited) multidirectional movement) show typical details of sealing expansion joints.
• Joints shall be sealed with chemical/temperature resistant elastic sealing compound.
At the expansion joint, the reinforced concrete shall have a 10 mm (2/5 in) wide gap
filled with plastic joint filler.
The concrete fill applied on top of the concrete provides the required slope for
drainage and shall have a gap at the same location and of the same width as the
joint. The joint shall be sealed with a plastic foil, adhesive-bonded to the concrete,
and the gap shall be filled with a chemical/temperature resistant elastic sealing
compound.
• Joints shall be filled with modified bitumen.
The construction shall be similar to that described above. However, in this case the
joint is completely filled with modified special bitumen with a thermoplastic rubber
and filler.

3.4 TRENCHES
Chemical-resistant trenches are subdivided as follows:
• Trenches without continuous chemical attack
Drains, sewer systems, pits, etc., are often attacked by chemical products present in
the waste water. For such conditions a trowelling compound (4.3.2) or an epoxy
coating system (3.2.4) shall be applied.
• Acid-resistant trenches
Trenches for acid service only, and not exposed to traces of alkali, steam or hot
water, shall be provided with a layer of acid-resistant bricks or tiles. They shall be
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laid in silicate mortar on the sealing layer, as described for acid resistant floors
(3.2.1).
• Acid- resistant and alkali-resistant trenches
Trenches exposed to alkali, alkaline solutions or acids shall be provided with acid-
resistant bricks or tiles, which shall be laid in synthetic resin-based mortar on the
sealing layer, as described for acid- and alkali-resistant floors (3.2.1).
• Acid-resistant, alkali-resistant and solvent-resistant trenches
For trenches designed for transport of corrosive effluents containing petrochemical
solvents, the recommendations as laid down in (3.2.1) shall be followed.
Trenches exposed to chemical attack are normally constructed of reinforced concrete, and
shall be provided with a chemical protection system suitable for the respective mechanical,
chemical and thermal load conditions.
The trench bottom shall have a slope of 1: 50 for drainage. A lesser slope may be
considered for long trenches, but shall not be less than 1: 200.
The slope may be obtained by the application of a concrete fill on the trench bottom.
The trench shall be wide enough to ensure that the acid-resistant tile or brick lining can be
properly laid, i.e. preferably based on their standard dimensions to avoid unnecessary
cutting and material loss. The side walls shall be vertical.
When a trench is constructed in an acid-resistant floor, the sealing layer of both the floor
and the trench shall be continuous.
Typical construction details of trenches are given in Standard Drawings S 19,060, S 19.062
and S 19.065. Preferably trenches shall be covered with a chemical resistant type grating
(e.g. GRP based) and suitable for carrying mechanical loads, e.g., for persons and/or
transport equipment.

3.5 NEUTRALISATION PITS

Deep pits shall be lined with acid-resistant bricks instead of tiles because of the mechanical
impacts due to filling of the compartments or removal of the fill and scraping for cleaning
during maintenance. If mechanical impact due to filling of the compartments or removal of
the fillings with e.g. scrappers is not required a proprietary systems as “false form work”,
etc. shall be strongly considered, as it is more economical and quicker to apply. Even for
rehabilitation of existing pits it shall be considered.
Such proprietary plastics systems, available in both thermoplastic and thermosetting
materials, may be used if the Manufacturer/Supplier can provide evidence of the “long
term” reliability and economic benefit of such systems.
Acid-resistant bricks shall also be used for:
• Partition walls
• Lining of compartments to be filled with chalk or lime.
The contents of these compartments are generally acidic or neutral. The
acid-resistant bricks shall therefore be laid in silicate mortar on the selected sealing
layer (5.4.3).
• Other compartments
The contents of compartments are normally alkaline but could become locally or
completely acidic, depending on the nature of the liquid to be neutralised.
The acid-resistant bricks shall therefore be laid in synthetic resin-based mortar on
the selected sealing layer (5.4.4).
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If the contents of a trench leading to a neutralisation pit are expected to occasionally

become alkaline, the bricks in the neutralisation pit (including the compartments to
be filled with chalk) shall be laid in synthetic-resin-based mortar (5.4.4).
NOTE: If the contents of a neutralisation pit could become contaminated with petrochemical
solvents, the directions given in (3.2) shall be followed.

Trenches discharging acidic liquids need a certain slope for drainage, therefore
neutralisation pits shall be built as near as possible to the location where the acid is
discharged, to keep the depth of the trench to a minimum. If this is not possible the
Contractor shall notify the Principal.
Neutralisation pits shall normally be constructed of reinforced concrete (3.7). They shall
have vertical walls and could consist of a number of compartments.
For neutralising acidic effluents, neutralisation pits is often filled with chalk (calcium
carbonate), lime (calcium hydroxide), lime slurry or a solution of sodium hydroxide.
The content of chalk-filled compartments into which an acidic liquid flows is generally acidic
or neutral.
The contents of compartments filled with lime, sodium hydroxide solution or lime slurry is
normally alkaline, but could become locally or completely acidic depending on the liquid to
be neutralised.

3.6 DRAINAGE AND PRIMARY TREATMENT FACILITIES

The main building material for drainage and effluent treatment facilities, e.g., basins, tanks,
trenches, sumps, and bays, is concrete. Despite considerable advances in the technology
of constructing high-quality concrete, it is still necessary to provide suitable protection
against the wide range of chemical conditions in these facilities. The Contractor shall
ascertain if protection is required.
Waste water to be treated could contain solid and/or liquid organic or inorganic substances
of all kinds, which will mainly attack the cement stone in the concrete structures. The
Contractor shall ascertain if protection is required.
Reference is also made to DEP 34.14.20.31-Gen. (including referenced standards).

3.7 CONCRETE VESSELS

During design, attention shall be paid to possible alternative construction materials, e.g.,
the use of steel for neutralisation pits and sulphur-containing vessels, or the use of
proprietary systems as “false form work”, etc.
Such proprietary plastics systems, available in both thermoplastic and thermosetting
materials, may be used if the Manufacturer/Supplier can provide evidence of the “long
term” reliability and economic benefit of such systems.
Design and acceptance of concrete vessels shall meet the requirements of
DEP 34.19.20.31-Gen. For underground sulphur storage tanks for Sulphur Recovery Units,
reference is made to DEP 64.24.32.11-Gen.
Tongue and groove materials are often used in larger constructions to obtain improved
stability and a labyrinth-like joint lengthening. Concrete vessels of great length, which are
also exposed to temperature variations and which cannot be constructed with curved walls
or with pillar piers, shall be designed with dowel-brick constructions, i.e. a dovetail groove
in the concrete in which similar shaped bricks are placed, generally at 1.5 m to 2 m (5 ft to
6.5 ft) intervals.
The concrete vessel shall be water tested to ensure liquid-tightness before construction of
the lining, and subsequently dried in accordance with (5.1) prior to installation or
preparations for installation of any chemical-resistant lining.
The lining system shall be selected in accordance with the previous sections of this DEP,
according to the corrosiveness of the fluid to be contained.
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3.8 PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR MISCELLANEOUS CONSTRUCTIONS

3.8.1 Pump foundations
For chemical-resistant protection of reinforced concrete pump foundations, typical details
are shown on Standard Drawing S 19.071.
The sealing layer of the floor and that of the pump foundation shall be continuous. The
sealing layer shall also be continuous under the pump base.
Special care shall be taken where bolts penetrate the sealing layer construction, i.e., that
no aggressive medium can penetrate along bolts to behind the sealing layer and/or that no
sharp edges of the pump-base or ceramic materials can damage the sealing layer.
The sides and top of the pump foundation shall be protected by the same lining as the floor
on which it is placed.
Acid-resistant bricks or tiles shall be applied to the pump foundation sealing layer, as
described for chemical-resistant floors in (3.2).
For pump foundations exposed to petrochemical solvents, the directions given in (3.2) shall
be followed.
If the floor is provided with a trowelling compound, the pump foundations shall have the
sides and top protected with the same material and construction.
On the top of the foundation the trowelling compound shall have a liquid-tight joint with the
grouting of the pump.
If the floor is coated (3.2.4), the whole pump foundation shall be treated with the same
coating system.
3.8.4 Other concrete structures
Protection of concrete shall not be limited to floors, trenches, pits and pump foundations.
Parts such as concrete columns, beams, table tops, pump rooms, chimneys, foundations,
etc. may also be liable to chemical attack and need therefore a protective lining system at
least up to the level where attack is anticipated.
Special attention shall be given to unprotected locations, where frequent spillage of
chemicals can occur, e.g. during loading and discharging of tanks, containers, etc.
Concrete columns, beams, table tops, pump rooms, chimneys, foundations, etc. liable to
chemical attack should be provided with a lining system.
Generally, the application of an epoxy coating system ((3.2.3) or (3.2.4)) is sufficient. For
underground concrete constructions a suitable flexible rubber/bitumen emulsion coating
shall be used (3.2.3).
Other areas prone to damage lie near or underneath steam-trap outlets. Although such
damage is generally not caused by some sort of chemical attack, the hot steam can cause
considerable damage. If outlets are not directed to special collectors or drained into gutters,
the Contractor shall design a system suitable to avoid attack or damage.
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4. HANDLING AND STORAGE OF LINING MATERIALS

Bricks and tiles shall be carefully handled, unloaded and stacked by hand or by using a pair
of brick tongs. They shall be stored and protected against weathering conditions,
particularly exposure to direct sunlight or frost.
The individual constituents of mortars shall be stored and used in accordance with the
Manufacturer's instructions. The shelf life of the materials indicated by the Manufacturer
shall be carefully observed and they shall be stored and handled on a basis of first-in/first-
out. Materials which have been stored for a period longer than six months shall be
subjected to new quality control tests and a test report shall be required and issued before
using them.
Hydraulic cements stored longer than three months shall have their suitability checked by
determination of the setting time.
Cements of different brands shall not be mixed; labels indicating the name, quality and
quantity of the contents shall not be removed.
In cold climates materials may freeze and must be defrosted before use by being stored in
a warm place.
Storage and handling of other chemical-resistant materials and resin-based products shall
be done in strict compliance with all regulations and safety precautions issued by the
Manufacturer/Supplier. Refer also to (6).

5. INSTALLATION CHEMICAL RESISTANT PROTECTION SYSTEMS

5.1 SURFACE PREPARATION FOR CONCRETE SURFACES

Prior to the application of a sealing layer or a coat of primer, the concrete shall be at least
28 days old and the moisture content of the concrete surface (up to approximately 20 mm
(4/5 in) deep) shall not exceed 4 % by volume. Reference is made to EN14879-1 and
EN 1504-10.
The moisture content of the substrate shall be checked regularly during installation of the
lining. Measuring equipment, which shall be calibrated, and the method of establishing
moisture content shall be submitted for review to the Principal.
Prior to the application of any lining system, the concrete surface shall be prepared to avoid
air inclusions and to ensure sound attachment of the lining. The concrete substrate shall be
freed of cement skin, loose sand, dust, laminate, oil, grease or other contaminants by
means of non-metallic abrasive blasting.
Subsequently the concrete structure shall be inspected for cracks and other surface
defects. The structure shall be free of cracks wider than 0.30 mm (12 mil) and surface
defects (for instance fins, air holes, honeycombs, etc.). All such cracks and defects shall be
repaired in consultation with the Principal. In liquid retaining structures, cracks wider than
0.20 mm (8 mil) shall be repaired by synthetic resin injection.
Small defects, up to a depth of approximately 50 mm (2 in), shall be sealed with a quartz-
filled epoxy mortar (composition 75 % by volume quartz and 25 % by volume resin). Larger
repairs shall be carried out with non-shrink cement-based mortars.
The surface of the repaired defects shall be smooth and flush with the surrounding
surfaces. The final surfaces shall be smooth and even without any sharp edges, burrs, etc.
(radius > 5 mm (1/5 in)). Walls and floor shall not bulge inwards, as this could cause the
brick lining to break away as a result of uneven expansion during operation.
Concrete which has already been damaged by chemical products shall be neutralised or if
necessary removed to sound concrete and renewed. This repair shall be carried out in
consultation with the Principal.
For already used or dirty concrete floors, the preparation shall be carried out by first
completely wetting with water, then etching with a diluted hydrochloric acid (5 % – 10 % by
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weight), then neutralising with a dilute ammonia solution (approximately 15 % by weight),

and then washing the floor with an excess of water. If the concrete floor contains cracks, an
acid treatment shall not be performed because it may cause corrosion of the steel
reinforcement. Alternatively the surface may be prepared by means of grinding the
concrete until a sound and clean surface has been reached.
If required, the concrete surface shall be made level by an appropriate cement/sand mortar
1 : 3 (by volume). Slopes are made by applying a concrete fill to the sub-floor with a
minimum thickness of 25 mm (1 in) or with a suitable special designed polymer floor-
mortar. Before these layers are applied the concrete shall be pre-treated, e.g. with an
appropriate cement-rich mortar slurry.

5.2 EXPANSION JOINTS

The expansion joint provided in the reinforced concrete structure (3.3.3) shall be filled with
semi-rigid polyurethane foam, insulation cord, or other appropriate material. Concrete fill
shall be applied on top of the concrete to provide the required slope for drainage and shall
have a gap at the same location, and of the same width, as the joint.
The joint shall be sealed with polyisobutylene (PIB) foil 3 mm (1/8 in) thick, or other suitable
material.
The foil shall be installed as shown in Standard Drawing S 19.051, and adhesive-bonded to
the substrate; the adhesive shall be of a bituminous or rubber type. The sealing layer and a
layer of bricks or tiles shall then be applied, keeping the joint open.
The joint shall then be cleaned (up to the joint’s backing material) and filled with a chemical/
temperature resistant elastic sealing compound.

5.3 SEALING LAYERS

Sealing layers, other than (5.3.1), shall be clean and free of dust, oil, grease or other
contaminants.
5.3.1 Modified bitumen sealing layers
Sealing layers of modified bitumen shall be applied to primed surfaces only, for which
purpose the Supplier’s recommendations shall be followed.
The surface of the sealing layer shall be sanded for good adhesion of the subsequent
mortar layer, e.g. by brushing with a solution of bitumen and spreading quartz sand
(0.7 mm - 1.2 mm (28 – 27mil) grain size) onto the bitumen coating whilst it is still tacky.
The modified bitumen shall be spread by 'squeegees' or brush until it is smooth, even and
free of irregularities. For pump foundations, the sealing layer shall be applied before the
pump base plate is installed. The surface of the sealing layer shall be sanded as mentioned
above.
5.3.2 Thermoplastic sealing layers
Before the sealing layer is adhesive bonded to the concrete surface, the latter shall be
prepared in accordance with the Manufacturer's instructions. A primer shall be applied to
the concrete surface if required.
The sealing layer shall not be applied at substrate or ambient temperatures below 5 °C
(41 °F).
5.3.3 Thermosetting sealing layers
The cement skin of the concrete surface shall be removed by means of grit blasting and the
surface shall be freed of grit and loose debris. Instead of grit blasting pressurized water
blast-cleaning or shot peening may be used as indicated in EN 14879-1.
The cleaned/rough surface shall be given an epoxy-resin-based primer, and then within
24 hours the epoxy resin and the glass fibre reinforcement (if any) shall be applied to the
specified thickness.
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An epoxy sealing layer shall not be applied during rain if the surface is not suitably
protected, or at substrate/atmospheric temperatures below 10 °C (50 °F).

5.4 MORTARS
5.4.1 General
The mortar shall be mixed in accordance with the Manufacturer's instructions. The tools
and mixer shall be clean and dry. Specific constituents to be used for mixing a certain type
of mortar shall never be mixed with constituents for other type of mortars.
Mortars shall not be applied under freezing conditions.
As the setting time of most resin-based mortars is influenced by atmospheric conditions,
special attention shall be paid to Manufacturer's instructions.
Prior to the application of mortars directly to a concrete and/or brickwork substrate, the
surfaces shall be made liquid-tight with an adequate primer. Additional sanding may be
required to improve adhesion of subsequent mortar layers.
5.4.2 Mortars based on hydraulic cements
Layers of these mortars, applied to provide slopes, shall be kept wet during curing (for
about one week) to obtain optimum strength and to avoid hairline cracks.
Hydraulic cement supplied in paper bags shall be used within 8 hours of opening the bag.
The mortar used as bedding mortar shall have a cement/sand ratio of 1 : 3 by volume.
5.4.3 Mortars based on silicate cement
The mortar supplied in two components, a liquid and a powder, shall be thoroughly mixed
and used immediately.
The mixture has a certain pot-life, i.e., time during which it can be readily used. To avoid
using mortar which has already started to cure, only a limited quantity shall be mixed at a
time.
On completion of the lining, "acidulation" of the brick lining is required as the alkali
hydroxide formed during curing is detrimental to the joint and would eventually destroy it.
Four days after application, the brickwork shall be washed with dilute acid, e.g., a 10 % by
weight solution of hydrochloric acid.
5.4.4 Mortars based on phenol-furfuraldehyde resin
The mortar supplied in two components, a liquid and a powder, shall be thoroughly mixed
and used immediately.
The mixture has a certain pot-life, i.e. time during which it can be readily used. To avoid
using mortar which has already started to cure, only a limited quantity shall be mixed at a
time.
The rate of setting and curing of the mortar is influenced by temperature, and mixing
components shall comply with these ambient conditions. In general at 15 to 20 °C (59 to
68 °F) the mortar starts to set in about four hours and cures in 1 - 2 hours. This also
depends on the catalyst used, e.g. at a lower temperature the mortar starts to set and cure
at a lower rate too. For optimum chemical resistance, curing shall be done for one week at
the above temperatures.
If the temperature falls below 15 °C (59 °F), acceleration of the curing by heating, e.g.,
16 hours minimum at 80 °C (176 °F), may be considered. However, care shall be taken to
ensure that the temperature does not exceed 80 °C (176 °F), as the difference in
expansion between tile, substrate and the top surface may adversely affect adhesion.
Contact with water and/or water vapour during curing shall be avoided. The heating shall
therefore be carried out by means of electric heaters.
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It is essential that during the curing the mortar does not come into contact with free alkali,
since this would tend to neutralise the acid catalyst. Consequently the concrete floor shall
be primed with two coats of a suitable primer if these mortars are used as a sealing layer.
The primer shall be in accordance with the Manufacturer's recommendations.
5.4.5 Mortars based on furane resin
Furane-resin-based mortar cannot be applied directly to concrete surfaces. When a sealing
layer of this mortar has to be applied, the concrete shall be pre-treated with a primer in
accordance with the Manufacturer's instructions.
The precautions which have to be taken as regards pot-life and mixing are identical with
those for phenol-based mortars. The mortar cures at 15 °C to 20 °C (59 °F to 68 °F) in
about 3 days. Optimum chemical resistance can be obtained by heating at 80 °C (176 °F)
for at least 16 hours after application.
For application of these mortars the same rules apply as for the application of cements
based on phenol-furfuraldehyde resin (5.4.4).
5.4.6 Mortars based on polyester resin
The components, in the form of a powder and a liquid resin, shall be mixed immediately
before use. They are self-curing at 15 °C to 20 °C (59 °F to 68 °F); a complete cure at this
temperature can be obtained in 24 hours. For optimum chemical resistance a longer curing
period is recommended. The curing time and pot-life are affected by temperature.
Contact with water or water vapour shall be avoided during curing.
5.4.7 Mortars based on epoxy resin
These mortars are generally supplied as a paste of putty-like consistency, together with a
liquid curing agent.
After the two components have been mixed the mortar cures within one hour at
temperatures of 10 °C to 30 °C (50 °F to 122 °F). The curing time is affected by
temperature. The curing agent generally used is a cold-curing type, which limits the
maximum operating temperature but facilitates processing. In tropical conditions a hot-
curing type is recommended due to its prolonged pot life.
Contact with water or water vapour shall be avoided during curing.
Epoxy resin-based mortars have very good chemical resistance. If a filler, such as graphite
is added, resistance to hydrofluoric acid is also obtained.

5.5 BRICKS AND TILES

Bricks and tiles shall be clean and dry and shall have a temperature of at least 15 °C
(59 °F) on application.
If a brick lining has to be applied in winter, provisions shall be taken to protect the area from
cold, rain, snow, frost and hail.
For narrow joints the bricks or tiles shall fit correctly, which requires that they shall be
selected at site with regard to their squareness and dimensions.
Vertical parts shall be lined before horizontal parts. In that way the vertically placed lining is
held in place by the bottom layers, which eases repair of the generally higher (mechanical)
loaded floor tiles.
When a sealing layer is present the bottom shall be protected first with a brick layer.
However in such cases it is recommended to place one shell layer first and then the bottom
layer inside of it. In a multi-layer application, at least the top layer of the bottom lining shall
be placed as described.
Acid-resistant bricks or tiles shall be applied to pump foundations before the bricks or tiles
are laid on the adjoining floors.
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5.5.1 Jointing bricks and tiles

Bricks and tiles shall be fully laid in mortar (bed and cross joints), except when cross joints
between bricks or tiles will have a different kind of mortar, e.g., with enhanced resistance
against the envisaged chemical loads. Air inclusions shall be avoided, since they may get
filled with aggressive chemicals, or may exert uncontrolled high pressures at elevated
temperatures.
The bed joint between the bricks or tiles and the sealing layer shall have a thickness of
about 5 mm (1/5 in). The ‘rough’ surfaces to be embedded shall have no edges (i.e., from
split tiles or hand-cut bricks) larger than 3 mm (1/8 in), to assure that sufficient mortar
thickness remains present between the bricks or tiles and the sealing layer.
The width of cross joints between bricks or tiles shall be between 3 mm (1/8 in) and 5 mm
(1/5 in). However, the width shall be between 5 mm and 8 mm (1/5 in and 1/3 in) for certain
hot pour jointing materials or if the joints require sealing. When re-jointing may be required
after a period of service, the joint shall be made at least 5 mm (1/5 in) wide.
The width of the cross joints shall be consistent over the full depth of the joint and the filling
free of cavities and/or air inclusions.

5.6 JOINTLESS (FLOOR) SYSTEMS

5.6.1 General
Concrete floors to be provided with jointless flooring shall have an even, smooth surface,
prepared in accordance with (5.1) and shall be at least 6 weeks old prior to application of
the flooring.
To obtain good adhesion between the flooring and the concrete, the latter shall be sealed
with one or more coats of an unfilled solvent-free resin primer. In general the unfilled liquid
component of the flooring compound is used as a primer.
5.6.2 Application of the trowelling floor
The floor shall be applied in accordance with the Manufacturer's instructions.
The trowelling floor shall be applied "wet in wet" until the specified thickness has been
obtained.
The surface of the trowelling layer may be compacted by the use of mechanical equipment.
5.6.3 Application of the self-levelling floor
The floor shall be applied in accordance with the Manufacturer's instructions.
The application can be carried out by casting or spraying to the specified thickness.
In order to make the floor slip-proof (if required), sand or powdered quartz or carborundum
shall be scattered on at the moment of gelling of the flooring, so that it will not sink into the
material.
5.6.4 Application of a glass fibre reinforced synthetic resin
After preparation of the concrete surface, an epoxy primer consisting of a mixture of resin
and curing agent shall be sprayed or brushed onto the concrete.
Subsequently various layers of glass fibre or synthetic fibre reinforcement, after being
impregnated with synthetic resin, shall be applied until the specified thickness has been
obtained.
Glass fibres or synthetic fibres shall be chosen in accordance with the chemical load and at
least the top coat shall be UV-resistant in case of exposure to the environment.
5.6.5 Application of a synthetic-resin-based coating system
Concrete surfaces shall comply with EN 14879-1, Section 4.2.2 and EN 14879-3. The
coating shall be applied to a clean and dry concrete surface by means of a brush, roller or
spraying equipment.
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The system shall consist of a primer and two or more coats of high-build coating, applied to
a total dry film thickness of at least 400 µm (16 mil). The application of the coating to the
concrete shall be in accordance with the Manufacturer's instructions and specification.

6. HEALTH, SAFETY, SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL (HSSE) ASPECTS

Local and project HSSE regulations shall be met.
The Contractor shall make and submit to the Principal for review a tailor made HSSE plan
to cover all aspects of handling, storage and application of chemicals.

7. QUALITY CONTROL
The installation of chemical-resistant linings on concrete constructions is critical for the
reliability of these structures.
The required properties of the chemical-resistant materials and the sampling and testing
requirements are specified in EN 14879, Parts 3, 5 and 6.
The application of chemical-resistant linings involves several distinct steps from design to
installation. Lack of quality control in any of these steps could lead to complete failure of the
lining. It is therefore of vital importance for a quality control procedure to be established for
each chemical-resistant lining application, covering all aspects from material selection up to
and including final inspection of the installed lining.
These principal procedural aspects of quality control which shall be covered as a minimum
are as follows:
a) Base material selection - Clearly specified requirements
b) Manufacturing of materials - Inspection, testing
c) Design - Design requirements to enable a sound lining
d) Material shipment and storage - Requirements, inspection, certification
e) Installation/application - Requirements, inspection, Applicator's procedure,
Qualification of equipment and crew
f) Completed lining - Inspection, progression testing
g) Lining repairs - Methods, requirements, inspection

The Contractor shall set up an appropriate quality control programme addressing at least all
steps described above.
The Contractor shall provide Suppliers and Applicators with sufficiently detailed
specifications for each of their specific activities. In particular the demarcation of
responsibilities and the smooth hand-over between the parties involved shall be duly
covered in the quality assurance programme.
Lining details shall be included on drawings. They may also be provided by equipment
suppliers. Any conflicting requirements shall be investigated by the Contractor and referred
to the Principal for resolution before quoting for the work or proceeding with the lining
execution.
The properties and applications shall be tested in accordance with ISO or equivalent
standards. All chemical-resistant materials shall be tested by a recognised laboratory,
experienced in testing refractory materials.
For the applicable testing standards for ceramic materials, refer to DEP 64.24.32.30-Gen.,
Table 3-1.
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8. INSPECTION BEFORE AND AFTER INSTALLATION

An ITP (Inspection Test Plan) shall be made to cover inspection before and after
installation. The ITP shall be based on the test requirements of EN 14879, Parts 3, 5 and 6.
As a minimum the activities as described here shall be included.
Before a sealing layer is applied, the concrete surface shall be inspected for cleanliness,
moisture content and defects (5.1), e.g.:
• wiping a dark cloth over the surface will reveal presence of unwanted dust;
• if water sprinkled on the surface beads or forms droplets, traces of form-release
agents or curing compounds may still be present;
• if a curing compound has been used its compatibility with the adhesive shall be
checked or else that compound be removed.
The specified slope, if any, shall be checked and approved by the Principal.
Prior to the start of the work, mixing tests of mortars and jointing components, followed by
testing of strength properties, shall be executed.
As a minimum the main requirements for sealing layers are given in Table 8-1 and shall be
followed up and included in the ITP.
Table 8-1 Summary of main requirements for sealing layers

Sealing layer material

Property Test method/ Modified bitumen Plastics
criteria (5.3.1) (5.3.2)/ (5.3.3)
Surface No surface defects. x x
condition/
Visual examin
ation
Adhesion Check by careful x x
knocking.
No lack of adhesion.
Porosity Visual examination. x x
No porosity.
Thickness 1) Physical x x
measurement.
)
Curing No softening after x2
1 minute rubbing with
acetone.
NOTES: 1. Depending on the type of sealing layer, thickness may be measured before or after application.
Layer thickness meters are unsuitable for use on concrete substrates, so only physical
measurements shall be taken after application.
2. Applies only to glass fibre reinforced epoxy-resin-based sealing layers.

Pull-off tests and “holiday” testing of plastic sealing layers shall be done in accordance with
DEP 30.48.60.10-Gen.
During application of the sealing layer, inspection shall be carried out and due attention
shall be paid to the following points:
a) sufficient adhesive shall be applied;
b) the sealing layer shall be applied without air inclusions or other visible defects;
NOTE: In pits or tanks, final inspection can be carried out after hydraulic or vacuum testing.

c) damages as result of installation accidents shall be noted and treated;

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d) faults of the seams or of overlapping shall be noted and treated;

e) bricks and tiles (especially cut tiles!) shall have no sharp edges, burrs, etc. which can
damage the sealing layer (radius > 3 mm (1/8 in)).
Brick lining shall not be commenced until the applied sealing layer has been inspected and
accepted by the Principal.
Upon completion the brick lining shall be inspected for the following conditions:
• general appearance of the brick lining;
• the specified dimensions of the joint;
• the execution of the jointing.
Until brick linings are fully cured, they shall be protected against mechanical abuse, welding
activities, scaffolding, etc., and detrimental weather effects, for example cold, heat and rain.
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9. REFERENCES
In this DEP, reference is made to the following publications:
NOTES: 1. Unless specifically designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used,
together with any amendments/supplements/revisions thereto.
2. The DEPs and most referenced external standards are available to Shell staff on the SWW (Shell
Wide Web) at http://sww.shell.com/standards/.

SHELL STANDARDS
Rubber-lined process equipment, piping and piping DEP 30.48.60.10-Gen.
Design and installation of chemical-resistant brick lining for process DEP 30.48.60.13-Gen.
equipment
Drainage and primary treatment facilities DEP 34.14.20.31-Gen.
Reinforced concrete foundations and structures DEP 34.19.20.31-Gen.
Refractory bricks and shapes DEP 44.24.90.31-Gen.
Refractory materials for sulphur recovery units (Claus & SCOT) DEP 64.24.32.11-Gen.
Insulating and dense refractory concrete linings DEP 64.24.32.30-Gen.

STANDARD DRAWINGS
Chemical-resistant brick linings for concrete structures -
Flooring S 19.050
Detail of expansion joint in floors S 19.051
Detail of expansion joint between floor and wall S 19.052
Drain construction in floors S 19.055
Trench construction with vitrified-clay split tiles and vitrified-clay half- S 19.062
round channels
Open trench construction lined with bricks or tiles S 19.065
Detail of foundation S 19.071

EUROPEAN STANDARDS
Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete EN 1504-10
structures – Definitions – Requirements – Quality control and
evaluation of conformity – Part 10: Site application of products and
systems and quality control of the works
Organic coating systems and linings for protection of industrial EN 14879-1
apparatus and plants against corrosion caused by aggressive media
- Part 1: Terminology, design and preparation of substrate
Organic coating systems and linings for protection of industrial EN 14879-3
apparatus and plants against corrosion caused by aggressive media
- Part 3: Coatings on concrete components
Organic coating systems and linings for protection of industrial EN 14879–5
apparatus and plants against corrosion caused by aggressive media
- Part 5: Linings on concrete components
Organic coating systems and linings for protection of industrial EN 14879–6
apparatus ad plants against corrosion caused by aggressive media -
Part 6: Combined linings with tile and brick layers
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10. BIBLIOGRAPHY
NOTE: The documents listed in this B bliography are for information only and do not form an integral part of
this DEP, but may be used as long as they are not in contradiction with the requirements of this DEP.

SHELL STANDARDS
Index to Standard Drawings DEP 00.00.06.06-Gen.
Painting and coating of new equipment DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen
Trench construction with vitrified-clay split tiles and vitrified-clay S 19.060
components

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Surface preparation of concrete NACE No.6/SSPC-SP 13
Inspection of linings on steel and concrete NACE RP 0288
Linings over concrete for immersion services for chemical immersion NACE RP0892
and containment service
Coatings for concrete surfaces in non-immersion and atmospheric NACE RP0591
services
Handbook of acid-proof construction ISBN-0-89573-370-6
Concrete - Part 1 : specification, performance, production and EN 206–1
conformity
Refractory products; Measurement of dimensions and external ISO 12678-1
defects of refractory bricks, Part 1:Dimensions and conformity to
drawings
Refractory products; Measurement of dimensions and external ISO 12678-2
defects of refractory bricks, Part 2:Corner and edge defects and other
surface imperfections