MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

Geometric Design (GD)

- is a branch of ​computational geometry​. It deals with the construction and representation
of free-form curves, surfaces or volumes and is closely related to ​geometric modeling.
Application areas include shipbuilding, aircraft, and automotive industries, as well as
architectural design. Geometric models can be built for objects of any dimension in any
geometric space.
- Both 2D and 3D geometric models are extensively used in computer graphics. 2D
models are important in computer typography and technical drawing. 3D models are
central to computer-aided design and manufacturing, and many applied technical fields
such as geology and medical image processing.

TYPES OF GEOMETRIC DESIGN

● CIRCLE
- The circle is a shape that can be made by tracing a curve that is always the same
distance from a point that we call the center. The distance around a circle is
called the circumference of the circle.
● TRIANGLE
○ The triangle is a shape that is formed by 3 straight lines that are called sides.
There are different ways of classifying triangles, according to their sides or
angles.
According to their Angles:
■ Right Triangle:​ The largest of the 3 angles is a right angle.
■ Acute Triangle:​ The largest of the 3 angles is an acute angle (less than
90 degrees).
■ Obtuse Triangle​: The largest of the 3 angles is an obtuse angle (more
than 90 degrees).
According to their sides:
■ Equilateral Triangle:​ All 3 sides are the same length.
■ Isosceles Triangle:​ It has 2 (or more) sides that are of equal length. (An
equilateral triangle is also isosceles)
■ Scalene Triangle:​ No 2 sides are of equal measure.
● RECTANGLE
- The rectangle is a shape that has 4 sides. The distinguishing characteristic of a
rectangle is that all 4 angles measure 90 degrees.
● RHOMBUS
- The rhombus is a shape formed by 4 straight lines. Its 4 sides measure the same
length but, unlike the rectangle, any of all 4 angles measure 90 degrees.
● SQUARE
- The square is a type of rectangle, but also a type of rhombus. It has
characteristics of both of these. That is to say, all 4 angles are right angles, and
all 4 sides are equal in length.
● TRAPEZOID
 -The trapezoid also has 4 sides. It has 2 sides that are parallel but the other 2 are
not.
Geometric design: TRANSFORMATIONS
- In geometry, transformation refers to the movement of objects in the coordinate plane.
Geometric transformations involve taking a preimage and transforming it in some way to
produce an image.

Categories of Transformations
● The ​rigid transformation​, which does not change the shape or size of the preimage.
● The​ non-rigid transformation,​ which will change the size but not the shape of the
preimage.

Types of Transformation
● Translation
○ is when we slide a figure in any direction.
○ moving an object in space without changing its size, shape or orientation.
● Reflection
○ is when we flip a figure over a line.
○ flipping an object across a line without changing its size or shape.
● Rotation
○ is when we rotate a figure a certain degree around a point.
○ rotating an object about a fixed point without changing its size or shape.
● Dilation
○ is when we enlarge or reduce a figure.
○ expanding or contracting an object without changing its shape or orientation.

Geometric design: PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS

- Geometric patterns is a kind of pattern formed of geometric shapes and typically
repeated like a wallpaper design. Pattern is a regularity in the world, human made
design or in abstract ideas. As such, the elements of a pattern repeat themselves in a
predictable manner. Diagrams enable us to better and easily understand the geometric
pattern that are presented.

Geometric design: DESIGN, ARTS AND CULTURE

- Geometric designs are construction and representation of free-form curves, surfaces, or
volumes. It is also the construction and manipulation of curves and surfaces given by a
set of points.
- The application of geometric design includes shipbuilding, aircraft, and automotive
industries, as well as architectural design, also perfume bottles and shampoo dispensers
are designed using these techniques.
- Geometric art is inspired from geometry. Generally, It is designed with circles, squares
and rectangles. These shapes make a beautiful designing combining itself. Digitally, this
geometric art design comes in various types, sizes and shapes. Artists use all kinds of
 shapes. Geometric shapes are precise and regular, like squares, rectangles, and
triangles.
- They are often found in human-made things, like building and machines while
biomorphic shapes are found in nature. These shapes may look like leaves, flowers, and
clouds.
- Geometric Design in terms of culture is like in the Tribes. In places like Mindanao.
Tribe’s designs are inspired by the natural landscape surrounding. Their fabrics are
characterized by geometric patterns and vivid hues. They believe that their designs and
patterns have been passed down to them by their ancestors through dreams.

STATISTICS
● Data​ is a collection of information from facts, statistics, numbers, characteristics,
observations, and measurements that represent an idea.
○ Two Forms of Data
■ Quantitative data​ deals with the quantity.
■ Qualitative data​ deals with the description of things and can be observed
but not measured.

● Gathering and Organizing Data

○ GATHERING DATA
■ A ​survey​ is a tool that a person can use to have a brief discussion about
a specific topic.
■ A ​focus group​ is a group of individuals being interviewed or observed on
a specific topic.
■ An ​interview​ can be a one-on-one or group discussion as well, where the
observer is trying to compile information about a specific topic.
■ A ​questionnaire​ shares the same characteristics of a survey, focus
group, and interview, as it’s a list of questions the observer has compiled
for the specific topic.
○ ORGANIZING DATA
■ Bar Graphs​ to show numbers that are independent of each other.
■ Pie Charts​ to show you how a whole is divided into different parts.
■ Line Graphs​ show you how numbers have changed over time. They are
used when you have data that are connected.
■ Cartesian Graphs​ have numbers on both axes, which therefore allow
you to show how changes in one thing affect another.
■ Axes​- Graphs have two axes, the lines that run across the bottom and up
the side. The line along the bottom is called the horizontal or x-axis, and
the line up the side is called the vertical or y-axis.

● MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE AND AVERAGE MEAN

○ Mean-​ is the average of numbers.
 ○ Median​- is the middle value

○ Mode-​ is the number that is repeated more often than any other.

○ Weighted Mean-​ is a kind of average. Instead, of each data point contributing

equally to the final mean, some data points contribute more “weight” than others.
If all the weights are equal, then the weighted mean equals the arithmetic mean.

● RANGE, STANDARD DEVIATION

○ Range- ​tells us how much distribution takes.
○ Standard deviation- ​tells us how close the values in a data set are to the mean.
 ○ Variance- ​tells us how far a set of numbers are spread out from their average.
Value.

SUM OF INTERNAL ANGLES

PROBABILITY