TDF - Assignment Week 12

Transformation and Phase Diagram
Assignment - Week 12 (CCT)

Ayu Sekar Tunjung – 02511940000131
Callister book, Chapter 10.
10.24 Figure 10.40 shows the continuous cooling transformation diagram for a 1.13 wt% C iron–
carbon alloy. Make a copy of this figure and then sketch and label continuous cooling curves to
yield the following microstructures:
a) Fine pearlite and proeutectoid cementite
b) Martensite
c) 0.60 wt% C with fine pearlite
d) 0.60 wt% C with coarse pearlite
e) Martensite, fine pearlite, and proeutectoid cementite
Answer :
On the figure on the right is shown a continuous
cooling transformation diagram for a 1.13 wt% C
iron-carbon alloy, with continuous cooling paths
that will produce
• Line (a) for fine pearlite and proeutectoid
cementite
• Line (b) for martensite
• Line (c) for martensite and proeutectoid
cementite
• Line (d) for coarse pearlite and proeutectoid
cementite
• And Line (e) for martensite, fine pearlite, and
proeutectoid cementite.
10.27 Name the microstructural products of 4340 alloy steel specimens that are first completely
transformed to austenite, then cooled to room temperature at the following rates:
a) 10°C/s
b) 1°C/s
c) 0.1°C/s
d) 0.01°C/s
Answer:
• Using Figure 10.28, we can sketch the approximate
line for each of the cooling rates, shown on the
figure on the right:
• Then we can conclude from it that:
a) At a cooling rate of 10°C/s, only martensite forms.
b) At a cooling rate of 1°C/s, both martensite and
bainite form.
c) At a cooling rate of 0.1°C/s, martensite,
proeutectoid ferrite, and bainite form.
d) At a cooling rate of 0.01°C/s, martensite,
proeutectoid ferrite, pearlite, and bainite form
10.28 Briefly describe the simplest continuous cooling heat treatment procedure that would be used
in converting a 4340 steel from one microstructure to another.
a) (Martensite + bainite) to (ferrite + pearlite)
b) (Martensite + bainite) to spheroidite
c) (Martensite + bainite) to (martensite + bainite + ferrite)
Answer:
a) To convert from (martensite + bainite) to
(ferrite + pearlite) it is necessary to heat above
about 720°C to allow complete
austenitization, then cool to room
temperature at a rate slower than 0.006°C/s to
finally form into ferrite + pearlite.
b) To convert from (martensite + bainite) to
spheroidite the alloy must be heated to about
700°C for several hours, preferably for a long
time. This is because any steel alloy having
either pearlitic or bainitic microstructure is
heated to and left at a temperature below
eutectoid for a sufficiently long period of time,
spheroidite microstructure will form.
c) To convert from (martensite + bainite) to
(martensite + bainite + ferrite) it is necessary
to heat to above about 720°C to allow
complete austenitization, then cool to room
temperature at a rate between 0.3°C/s and
0.02°C/s.
10.29 On the basis of diffusion considerations, explain why fine pearlite forms for the moderate
cooling of austenite through the eutectoid temperature, whereas coarse pearlite is the product
for relatively slow cooling rates.
Answer:
For moderately rapid cooling, the time allowed for carbon diffusion is not as great as for slower
cooling rates. Therefore, the diffusion distance is shorter, and thinner layers of ferrite and cementite
form (i.e., fine pearlite forms).
10.34 Briefly describe the simplest heat treatment procedure that would be used in converting a 0.76
wt% C steel from one microstructure to the other, as follows:
a) Spheroidite to tempered martensite
b) Tempered martensite to pearlite
c) Bainite to martensite
d) Martensite to pearlite
e) Pearlite to tempered martensite
f) Tempered martensite to pearlite
g) Bainite to tempered martensite
h) Tempered martensite to spheroidite
Answer:
a. For spheroidite to tempered martensite, austenitize at a temperature of about 760°C, quench to
room temperature at a rate greater than about 140°C/s, then isothermally heat at a temperature
between 250 and 650°C.
b. For tempered martensite to pearlite, austenitize at a temperature of about 760°C, then cool to
room temperature at a rate less than about 35°C/s.
c. For bainite to martensite, first austenitize at a temperature of about 760°C, then quench to room
d. temperature at a rate greater than about 140°C/s.
e. For martensite to pearlite, first austenitize at a temperature of about 760°C, then cool to room
temperature at a rate less than about 35°C/s.
f. For pearlite to tempered martensite, first austenitize at a temperature of about 760°C, then
rapidly quench to room temperature at a rate greater than about 140°C/s, then isothermally heat
treat (temper) at a temperature between 250 and 650°C.
g. For tempered martensite to pearlite, first austenitize at a temperature of about 760°C, then cool
to room temperature at a rate less than about 35°C/s.
h. For bainite to tempered martensite, first austenitize at a temperature of about 760°C, then
rapidly quench to room temperature at a rate greater than about 140°C/s, then isothermally heat
treat (temper) at a temperature between 250 and 650°C.
i. For tempered martensite to spheroidite simply heat at about 700°C for approximately 20 h.
10.39 For a eutectoid steel, describe isothermal heat treatments that would be required to yield
specimens having the following Rockwell hardnesses:
a) 93 HRB
b) 40 HRC
c) 27 HRC
Answer:
For this problem we are asked to describe
isothermal heat treatments required to
yield specimens having several Brinell
hardnesses.
a) From Figure 10.30a, in order for a
0.76 wt% C alloy to have a Rockwell
hardness of 93 HRB, the
microstructure must be coarse
pearlite. Thus, utilizing the isothermal
transformation diagram for this alloy,
Figure 10.22, we must rapidly cool to
a temperature at which coarse
pearlite forms (i.e., to about 675°C),
allow the specimen to isothermally
and completely transform into coarse
pearlite. At this temperature, an
isothermal heat treatment for at least
200 s is required.
b) This portion of the problem asks for a hardness of 40 HRC the microstructure could consist of
either (1) about 75% fine pearlite and 25% martensite (Figure 10.32), or (2) tempered martensite
(Figure 10.35).
For case (1), after austenitizing, rapidly cool to about 580°C (Figure 10.22), hold at this
temperature for about 4 s (to obtain 75% fine pearlite), and then rapidly quench to room
temperature.
For case (2), after austenitizing, rapidly cool to room temperature to achieve 100% martensite.
Then temper this martensite for about 2000 s at 535°C (Figure 10.35).
c) From Figure 10.30a, in order for a 0.76 wt% C alloy to have a Rockwell hardness of 27 HRC, the
microstructure must be fine pearlite. Thus, utilizing the isothermal transformation diagram for
this alloy, Figure 10.22, we must rapidly cool to a temperature at which fine pearlite forms (i.e.,
at about 580°C), allow the specimen to isothermally and completely transform to fine pearlite. At
this temperature an isothermal heat treatment for at least 7 s is required.

TDF - Assignment Week 12

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TDF - Assignment Week 12

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

TDF - Assignment Week 12

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Transformation and Phase Diagram

Assignment - Week 12 (CCT)

You might also like