CDI 8.

DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL

1. Abstinence is refraining from further drug use.

2. Abuse Dose is the amount needed to produce the side effects and action
desired by an individual who improperly use it.

3. Acetaminophens are pain relievers (e.g. Tylenol) used to treat headaches,

muscle aches, headaches, etc.

4. ACOA is a support group for adult children of alcoholics.

5. Acute Dystonia is an extrapyramidal symptom manifested by abnormal

posturing, grimacing, spastic torticollis and oculogyric crisis.

6. Acute tolerance is the development of tolerance within the course of a single

exposure to a drug.

7. Addict is a stigmatizing slang term for an individual with an addictive

disorder.

8. Addiction Assessment is a way to determine the prevalence of chemical

dependency in a client or the extent of one's addiction (considers
sociological, psychological, physical, and family factors, etc.)

9. Addiction implies a very severe form of dependence, one involving an

overwhelming compulsion for the use of a particular drug. A repeated
activity that continuously causes harm to oneself or others (e.g. a
substance's continuous presence in the bloodstream).

10. Addiction Treatment aims to reduce addiction.

11. Addictive Personality is a trait/traits that develop in response to drug use.

12. Administer is an act of introducing any dangerous drug into the body of
any person, with or without his/her knowledge by injection, inhalation,
ingestion or other means, or of committing any act of indispensable
assistance to a person in administering a dangerous drug to himself/herself
unless administered by a duly licensed practitioner for purposes of
medication.

13. Adolf Jan Beaver (1864) is a twenty-nine-year-old assistant of Friedrich

August Kekule (the discovery of the molecular structure of benzene) in
Ghent synthesizes barbituric acid, the first barbiturate.

14. Adulterant is a material used to increase the mass of a controlled substance.

Adulterants produce physiological effects and give the illusion that a more
controlled substance is present than its actual content.
15. Adverse Reaction is a detrimental reaction to a drug (not the desired
reaction).

16. Affinity is the strength a drug has that allows it to bind to its receptor.

17. Age at Onset is the age at which one's addictive behavior began; an
important factor in addiction assessment.

18. Agonist is a drug that activates a receptor in the brain.

19. Albert Hoffman (1938) is a Swiss chemist who is the first one to synthesize
LSD, he personally experiments to his own body.

20. Alcohol Allergy, some persons are allergic to alcoholic drinks. The drinks
may cause them to be mad and they behave like maniacs under the
influence of liquor.

21. Alcohol Concentration is the concentration of alcohol in breath’s volume

which is measured in grams of alcohol for 210 liters of breath taken during a
breath test for this size.
22. Alcohol Confirmation Test is a corresponding test with the use of EBT, and
a screening test as a next step, which usually results in 0.02 or greater and
shows information about the concentration of alcohol in the organism.
23. Alcohol Dependent, drinks to have a good time, excessive drinking occurs
occasionally but drinkers may not become alcoholics.
24. Alcohol Screening Device (ASD) is a facility for saliva or breath, not EBT,
which is accepted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NTHSA) and has its place in a corresponding list of such facilities.
25. Alcohol Screening Test is an operation with an analytic feature to detect if
an individual has taken an unacceptable amount of alcohol and has a high
concentration of it in saliva or breath sample.
26. Alcohol seems to merit its own category, although it too could be included
in the unrecognized drugs. Alcohol in forms such as beer, wine, and
distilled liquor is one of the most widely used drugs in society. It is
regarded by many experts as the most commonly abused drug in society.
Alcohol is the king of all drugs with potential for abuse, the most widely
used, socially accepted and most extensively legalized drug throughout the
world.

27. Alcohol Testing Site is a room which is provided by the employees with an
objection of receiving saliva or breath samples for alcohol test.
28. Alcohol Use is when the individual drinks or takes some liquids or
substance (containing some medicine) which includes some concentration
alcohol.
29. Alcoholics Anonymous is a practical approach to the problem of alcoholism
which has met considerable success. It is an organization that operates in a
 nonprofessional counseling program in which both person to person and
group relationships are emphasized.
30. Alcoholism is also called problem drinking. The stage when a person has
the difficulty of quitting from the habit of alcohol drinking.
31. Alder Wright (1874) he discovered heroin.
32. Alexander Wood (1843) discovered the real hypodermic needle, known
today as “syringe”. This discovery led to a scientific breakthrough in the
study of medicine.
33. Alkaloid is one of a group of nitrogenous organic bases, especially one of
vegetable origin, having a powerful toxic effect on animals and man, such
as nicotine, cocaine, strychnine, or morphine. Plant-produced organic
compounds that are the active ingredients in many drugs.
34. Allergy from some drugs causes the release of histamine giving rise to
allergic symptoms such as dermatitis, suffocation, and death.
35. Alternatives include a number of ideas for stimulating meaningful
involvement for the youth that can complete successfully with the demands
of drugs and alcohol (Manwong, 2007).
36. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant drug, found to impair skilled
performance and to be additive with ethanol in its adverse effects.
37. Amo Barbital Sodium is a blue capsule form known by abusers as
bluebirds, blue devil and blue heavens.
38. Amobarbital is a barbiturate derivative used as a sedative or hypnotic;
available in ampules for intravenous or intramuscular injection for the
control of seizures.
39. Amphetamines are a group of stimulant drugs, including Benzedrine and
methedrine now in medical disfavor following widespread abuse and
addiction. A behavioral stimulant; also known as pep pills.
40. Analgesics are drugs that relieve pain. However, they may produce
opposite effects on somebody who suffers from peptic ulcer or gastric
irritation. Any drugs, such as salicylates, morphine, or opiates used
primarily for the relief of pain.
41. Anaphylaxis is an allergic hypersensitivity reaction of the body to a foreign
protein or drug.
42. Anger is an unexpressed, deep-seated anger against himself, his family, his
friend or the society in general.
43. Antagonist is a substance that can nullify another's effects (a drug that does
not elicit a response).
44. Anti-anxiety Drugs is a frequently occurring normal state as well as a
symptom of disease. Anxiety has been called the cardinal symptom of
neurosis and may produce physical symptoms in addition to mental
symptoms.
45. Antibiotics are drugs that combat or control infectious organisms. Ingesting
the same antibiotics for a long time can result in allergic reactions and cause
resistance to the drug.
46. Antidepressant Drugs are a heterogeneous group of compounds with major
therapeutic effects in common, most importantly the treatment of major
depressive illness.
47. Antihistamines are those that control or combat allergic reactions. People
who on antihistamine therapy must not operate or drive vehicles since these
drugs can cause drowsiness.
48. Antimicrobial Agents are effective antimicrobial therapy that requires
identification of the specific infecting organism and knowledge of which
drugs are capable of killing or inhibiting this microbe.
49. Antipsychotic Drugs are the cornerstone of treatment for schizophrenia and
other psychotic disorders, such as schizoaffective disorder.
50. Antipyretics are those that can lower body temperature or fever due to
infection.
51. Antisera is injecting human serum into various animals, such as the horse,
goat, sheep, rabbit, duck, hen, or guinea pig, which can produce antihuman
sera.
52. Antiserum is any immune serum that contains antibodies active chiefly in
destroying a specific infecting virus or bacterium.
53. Applicant refers to that laboratory that is applying for the issuance of a
license.
54. Aspirin is an anti-inflammatory agent used for pain relief.
55. Assessment is within an outcomes framework, assessment is the purposeful,
systematic and ongoing collection of information about students’
demonstration of learning outcomes.
56. Association is the tendency of a drug abuser to look for peer groups where
he feels being wanted and accepted.
57. Attitude Test is a test that measures the readiness with which the individual
increases his knowledge and improves skills when given the necessary
opportunity and training.
58. Augmentation or Combination is the addition to ongoing treatment of
drugs that are not antidepressants agents themselves is termed
augmentation therapy; well-studied augmentation strategies for TCAs
included, for example, adjunctive lithium or L-trIIodothyronine.
59. Baby Hawaiian Wood Rose is the seeds of this plant, commonly found in
dried plant arrangements, and has lysergic acid derivative.
60. Barbiturates are a class of drugs acting on the central nervous system that
may be sedatives, anesthetics or anticonvulsants. They depress nerve cell
activity, the degree of depression and thus clinical effect varying in different
members of the class. A derivative of barbituric acid that produces
depression of the central nervous system and consequent sedation
61. Basic Counseling Skills refer to everyday listening, talking and caring
relationship which exists between teacher and student.
62. Behind the Counter (BTC) are dispensed by a pharmacist without any
doctor’s prescriptions.
63. Benzodiazepine is a group of depressants used to induce sleep, prevent
seizures, produce sedation, relieve anxiety and muscle spasms, etc.
64. Benzoylecgonine is a cocaine metabolite.
65. Bhang is a beverage prepared by grinding cannabis leaves in milk and
boiling with spices and other ingredients (Garcia, 2013).
66. Binondo Based Chinese Gang is known as the Bamboo Gang of the
Philippines influenced by the Green Gang of the Chinese Triad while the
14K is the newest among the triad families established only in 1947.
67. Bioavailability is a fraction of active drug that reaches its action sites after
administration by any route.
68. Biofeedback is a signal used to control physiological processes that are
normally involuntary.
69. Blackout is a chemically induced period of amnesia. This should not be
confused with passing out or losing consciousness. Any activity of normal
living can be performed during this state; it is just not remembered later.
70. Blind Specimen or Blind Performance Test Specimen is a sample taken from
an employee due to test it which contains an abnormal substance and the
laboratory isn’t able to classify it as a component of an individual’s
specimen.
71. Blood Alcohol Level/Concentration is the concentration level of alcohol in
the bloodstream (expressed as a percentage by weight).
72. Board refers to the Dangerous Drug Board under Section 77, Article IX of
Comprehensive Dangerous Drug of 2002.
73. Breathe Alcohol Technician (BAT) is an individual who gives instructions
and follows employees in the process of testing and contacts with evidential
breath testing facility.
74. Buccal is the drug that is administered by placing them in the buccal cavity
just under the lips and the active ingredients of the drug will be absorbed
into the bloodstream through the soft tissues lining of the mouth.
75. Budder is hash oil whipped to incorporate air, making it more like butter
(Garcia, 2013).
76. Buprenorphine is a semi-synthetic partial agonist opioid derived from
thebaine; used for pain relief (e.g. Buprenex).
77. Butabarbital is a short- to intermediate-acting barbiturate derivative.
78. Butalbital is an occasionally encountered short-acting barbiturate closely
related to Talbutal and less closely to Amobarbital and Secobarbital.
Intoxication can result in lethargy, confusion, disorientation, and ataxia.
79. Caffeine is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks, and some wake-up
pills. An alkaloid that acts as a diuretic and a stimulant (found in coffee, tea,
etc.)
80. Cali Cartel is headed by “The Chess Player” –Don Chepe (Gilberto
Rodriguez Orajuela). The most powerful criminal organization in the world.
81. Canceled Test is when a problem was detected while processing drug or
alcohol or alcohol test and this problem can’t be solved, or there was a need
to canceled the test are neither positive nor negative.
82. Cannabidiol is a constituent of cannabis, which, upon isomerization to
tetrahydrocannabinol, has some of the physiologic activity of marijuana.
83. Cannabinol is a physiologically inactive phenol formed by spontaneous
dehydrogenation of tetrahydrocannabinol from cannabis.
84. Cannabis is a genus of tall annual herbs in the family Cannabaccae having
erected stems, with 3 to 7 elongated leaflets and pistillate flowers in spikes
along the stem. Commonly known as marijuana or sometimes referred to on
the street as grass or pot.
85. Capsule is botanically a dry, deli scent FRUIT developed from two or more
carpel, containing numerous seeds. Seeds are shed by a number of methods,
including pores at the top of the capsule (in the poppy) and detachment of
the apex (in the pimpernel).
86. Carbon Monoxide is a poisonous gas similar to the gas that emanates from a
car’s exhaust pipes. It impairs the capacity of the blood to supply adequate
amounts of oxygen to the vital organs of the body. It is responsible for the
shortness of breath among smokers.
87. Carcinogen is a cancer-causing chemical agent.
88. Causal Factors are various antecedent conditions that lead to individual
chemical dependency problems (e.g. conditioning, environment, genetics,
etc.)
89. Ceiling Effect occurs when the dosage of buprenorphine is increased
beyond maximum levels and no differences result.
90. Centers refer to any of the treatment and rehabilitation centers for drug
dependents referred to in Section 34, Article VII of this Act.
91. Central Nervous System (CNS) is the brain and spinal cord.
92. Chain of Custody is the operation used to fix the process of registering the
urine sample when it’s taken from an individual to the moment when the
sample is liquidated.
93. Chairperson refers to the secretary of justice acting as chairperson of the
board.
94. Change in Interest is when they lose interest in their studies and in their
work.
95. Changes in Behavior is when they usually spend a lot. They are usually in
the company of known drug users in the community.
96. Changes in Physical Appearance are when they can be seen while still
under the influence of drugs the following can be noted.
97. Chemical Abuse is an instance when the use of the chemical has produced
negative or harmful consequences.
98. Chemical Diversion is the scale, distribution, supply or transport of
legitimately imported, in transit, manufactured or procured controlled
precursors and essential chemicals, in diluted, mixtures or in concentrated
 form to any person or entity engaged in the manufacture of any dangerous
drug, and shall include packaging, repackaging, labeling or concealment of
such transaction through fraud, destruction of documents, fraudulent use of
permits, declaration, use of front companies or mail fraud.
99. Chemical is any substance taken into the body that alters the way and the
mind and the bodywork.
100. Chemotherapeutic drugs involves the use of chemical agents that produce a
toxic effect on the disease-causing organism without undue harm to the
host.
101. China is the transit route for heroin from the “Golden Triangle” to H.K.
102. China White is drug synthesized from the basic morphine molecule but
perhaps more than 1000 times more potent than heroin.
103. Chinese Triad, “Chinese Mafia’ the oldest and biggest criminal organization
in the world. Believed to be the controller of the “Golden Triangle”.
104. Chinese-Ching Emperor (1729) banned the sale of opium.
105. Chronic bronchitis occurs when and mucus damages the air sacs in the
lungs. The sufferer has a bad cough which is worst in the morning and he
may breathless easily
106. Chronic effect is a pathologic process caused by repeated exposures over a
period of long duration.
107. Chronic tolerance is the gradual decrease in degree of effect produced at the
same blood concentration in the course of repeated exposure to that drug.
108. Circumstantial-Situational Use is drug-taking on a short-term basis as a
way of coping with some immediate distress or pressure.
109. Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease.
110. Clandestine Laboratory is any facility used for the illegal manufacture of
any dangerous drug and/or physical principle that is more specific which
will validate and confirm the result of the screening test.
111. Coca leaf infusions are used in coca-leaf producing countries much as any
herbal medicinal infusion would elsewhere in the world. The free and legal
commercialization of dried coca leaves under the form of filtration bags to
be used as "coca tea" has been actively promoted by the governments of
Peru and Bolivia for many years as a drink having medicinal powers.
112. Coca paste is the crude product smoke used in South America, considered
as the most dangerous drug because it has contaminants such as kerosene.
113. Cocaine Hydrochloric is an odorless fine white crystalline that is most
readily formed which is medically used as an anesthetic.
114. Cocaine is the drug taken from the coca bush plant that grows in South
America. An alkaloid contained in the leaves of “Erythoxylon Coca” a
hardy plant cultivated in Bolivia. The first use of coca leaf was the Incas of
Peru. It is also defined as a colorless to white crystalline powder used as a
 local anesthetic (medicine or dentistry), usually as the hydrochloride. Also
known by street names, such as coke, snow, or freebase.
115. Codeine is a derivative of morphine commonly available in cough
preparations. It is used in medicine and cough syrups; highly toxic and
habit-forming narcotic.
116. Codependence is a family member's or friend's suffering that is the result of
the side effects of one's addiction; it occurs when one takes responsibility for
another's actions and helps that person avoid facing his or her problems
directly to maintain the relationship.
117. Coetaneous Side Effects, as with any class of drugs in medicine, the
antipsychotic can cause allergic rashes, usually within the first two months
of treatment.
118. Cold Turkey is abruptly quitting a drug by choice in order to try to quit
long-term.
119. Collection Container is a holder into which the individual tested gives his
sample to process a drug test.
120. Collection Site is a room which is provided by the employer to test his
employees with an objective of receiving saliva or breath samples for
alcohol test.
121. Collector is an individual, who gives instructions and follows employees
when they are at a collection site,
122. Columbian Medellin Cartel was founded during the 1980s by Columbian
drug lord Pablo Escobar Gaviria and drug bosses Jose Ganzola Rodriguez
Gacha and top aid barons Juan David and Ochoa Brothers.
123. Compulsion is a physical behavior one repeats involuntarily that can be
harmful (e.g., addiction).
124. Compulsive Use is characterized by diminished social integration and
functioning, it has escalated to the point where a reduction in the intensity
or frequency will be accompanied by increasing discomfort on the part of
the individual.
125. Concentration is the amount of a substance in a stated unit of a mixture or
solution. Common methods of stating concentration are percent by weight,
percent by volume, or weight per unit volume. Amount of a drug in a unit
volume of biological fluid expressed as weight/volume.
126. Conditioning is a behavioral change that results from an association
between events.
127. Confirmation/ Validity Test is a test processed for the second time with a
urine sample to later determine if the results are valid.
128. Confirmatory Test refers to the second or further analytical procedure to
identify the presence of drugs in a specimen.
129. Consortium/Third Party Administrator (C/TPA) is a service member, who
follows and assures the process of some alcohol and drug test procedures to
employers.
130. Consumption is the actual use of drugs by the end-users through injection,
ingestion, inhalation or smoking.
131. Continuing Education studies for substance abuse professionals (SAPs) and
medical review officers (MROs), who have graduated from qualification
training courses and are applying jobs of MRO and SAP, worked out to
support innovations in the sphere of DOT drug and alcohol testing.
132. Contraceptives are drugs that prevent the meeting of egg cell and sperm
cell or prevent the ovary from releasing egg cells.
133. Controlled Delivery is the investigative technique of allowing an unlawful
or suspect consignment of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor
and essential chemical equipment or paraphernalia, or properly believed to
be derived directly or indirectly from an offense to pass into, through or out
of the country under the supervision of any authorized officer, with a view
to gathering evidence to identify any person involved in any dangerous
drugs related offense, or to facilitate prosecution of offense.
134. Controlled Precursors And Essential Chemicals include those listed in
tables I AND II of the 1988 UN Convention Against Illicit Traffic in
Narcotic Drugs and attached annex, which is an integral part of this Act.
135. Crack/Freebies are extremely addictive, and its effects are felt of than 10
seconds. The physical effect, include dilated pupils, increased pulse rate,
elevated blood pressure, insomnia, loss of appetite, tactile and seizures.
Concentrated form of cocaine, which is used in vapor form. It is smoked or
inhaled through crack pipes. It is a highly addictive drug that causes
psychotic behavior, which is often violent. Almost pure form of the drug
cocaine hydrochloride, obtained from a shrub native to Bolivia and Peru. It
can cause increased alertness and energy, runny nose, and decreased
appetite when snorted, injected, or smoked.
136. Craving is a powerful and strong desire/urge for a substance; a symptom of
the abnormal brain adaptions that result from addiction.
137. Crisis Intervention refers to the medical or non- medical management of
emergencies that present some acute hazard to the drug abuser. The action
taken when one's usual coping resources pose a threat to individual or
family functioning.
138. Cross-Dependence is the ability of one drug to prevent the withdrawal
symptoms of one's physical dependence on another.
139. Cross-Tolerance occurs when one's tolerance for one drug results in their
lessened response to another.
140. Cultivate means the act of knowingly planting, growing, raising or
permitting the planting, growing, raising of any plant which is the source of
a prohibited drug.
141. Cut-off concentration is the concentration of a drug in a specimen or
sample used to determine whether the specimen or sample is considered
positive or negative. In some circumstances, it is recommended that the cut-
off concentration should be set equal to the limit of detection.
142. Cyanosis – Bluish discoloration of the face and/or fingernails due to
insufficient oxygenation of the blood caused by an increase in carbon
dioxide in the body.
143. Czar Michael Federovitch is a Russian who executes anyone on whom
tobacco is found. (17th Century)
144. Dangerous Drugs Board is an office that promulgates rules and regulations
as may be necessary to carry out the law of Dangerous Drug.
145. Dangerous Drugs refer to prohibited and regulated drugs as defined in
Section 2, Article 1 of the Act and shall include controlled substances and
the instrument, apparatuses, and articles for the use, administration or
manufacture of the drugs.
146. Day Top Lodge is a residential facility designed to erase the ex-addicts’
transition into community life.
147. Decongestants are those that relieve the congestion of nasal passages.
Prolonged used of that decongestant might include nasal congestion upon
withdrawal.
148. Deliver is any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to another,
personally or otherwise, and by any means with or without considerations.
149. Demand Reduction Strategies seek to reduce the desire for and
preparedness to obtain and use drugs. They are designed to prevent the
uptake of harmful drug use and include abstinence oriented strategies
aimed at reducing drug use.
150. Demerol and Methadone are common synthetic drugs with morphine-like
effects.
151. Den, Dive or Resort is a place where any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical is administered delivered, stored for illegal
purposes, distributed, sold or used in any form.
152. Denial is one's failure to either admit or realize his or her addiction or to
recognize and accept the harm it can cause.
153. Dependence is the altered physiological state brought about by the repeated
administration of the drug which necessities the continued use of the drug
to avoid withdrawal syndrome.
154. Depressants are drugs that decrease or depress body functions and nerves
activity. This group includes sedatives, hypnotics, and tranquilizers.
155. Depression is one of the most frequent types of distress resulting from
addiction; an ongoing state of sadness involving the inability to concentrate,
inactivity, etc.
156. Designated Employer Representative (DER) is an employee appointed by
the employer to process necessary actions to dismiss individuals from
safety-sensitive positions or cause individuals to be dismissed from this
position, and to adopt decisions in process of testing and its quantifying.
157. Designer drugs are drugs that are produced illicitly by means of chemical
technology. They can cause uncontrollable tremors, chills, or sweating and
faintness and paranoia when injected or taken in pill form.
158. Detoxification is a medically supervised elimination of drugs from the
system of any addicted person.
159. Diazepam is also known as “valium”. It is the most commonly used
tranquilizer which has a slow onset but longer duration of action. The
second benzodiazepine derivative to have been approved for human usage
has been one of the most frequently prescribed drugs in the United States. It
is administered as an anti-anxiety agent, muscle relaxant, or anticonvulsant.
160. Dietary is dining incomplete without wine, an integral part of today’s way
of “gracious living”.
161. Disease is a condition featuring medically significant symptoms that often
have a known cause.
162. Disease Model is a theory of alcoholism that considers the addiction a
disease rather than a social or psychological issue.
163. Dispense is an act of giving away, selling or distributing medicine or any
dangerous drug without the use of prescription.
164. Doctor Shopping occurs when a patient requests care simultaneously from
multiple physicians without their knowledge in order to receive higher
amounts of medications.
165. Donor refers to the individual from whom a specimen is collected.
166. Dopamine is a chemical produced naturally by the body; it functions in the
brain as a neurotransmitter to provide feelings of well-being.
167. Downers is another name for depressants; these drugs can cause low moods
(e.g. alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, etc.)
168. Dr. Hamilton Wright (1910) is considered by some the Father of U.S. anti-
Narcotics Law, reports that American contractors give cocaine to their
Negro employees to get more work out of them. First Commissioner of the
Federal Bureau of Narcotics and former prohibitions agents.
169. Dr. Theodor Aschenbrandt (1883) is a German army physician, secures a
supply of pure cocaine from the pharmaceutical firm of Merck, issues it to
Bavarian Soldier during their maneuvers, and reports on the beneficial
effects of the drug I increasing the soldier’s ability to endure fatigue.
170. Drug Abuse is the excessive, maladaptive, or addictive use of drugs for
nonmedical purposes despite social, psychological, and physical problems
that may arise from such use. The non-medicinal use of a drug in a manner
that is not socially acceptable.
171. Drug Addiction is a state of periodic or chronic intoxication produced by the
repeated consumption of a drug, natural or synthetic.
172. Drug Allergy is the hypersensitivity reaction to the therapeutic agents that
occasionally occur on second exposure to a drug against which an
individual has already produced antibodies.
173. Drug are synthetic chemicals used as medicine or ion the making of
medicines, which affects the body and mind and have potential for abuse.
174. Drug Dependence refers to the state of psychic or physical dependence or
both on dangerous drugs following the administration or use of that drug.
WHO defines it as the periodic, continuous, repeated administration of a
drug. The primary hazard of the abusive use of drugs is the likelihood for
some individuals to develop a “need” or compulsive desire that may occur
as a result of a psychological or a physical craving.
175. Drug Education is learning situations during seminar workshops,
symposiums and lecture forums, which take up value clarification,
leadership training, coping skills, and decision making. It is a movement
that utilized humanistic techniques in both school-based and community-
oriented drug abuse prevention programs.
176. Drug Experimenter is one who illegally, wrongfully, or improperly uses any
narcotic substances for reasons of curiosity, peer, pressure, or other similar
reasons.
177. Drug Habituation is a condition resulting from the repeated consumption
of a drug.
178. Drug Identification Analysis refers to a licensed medical technologist,
pharmacist or chemical engineer who has undergone intensive training on
the conduct of laboratory examinations or tests to identify dangerous drugs
on a specimen.
179. Drug Information is an activity, which focused on the dissemination of
basic facts of the causes and effects of drug abuse with the objective of
creating awareness and vigilance of the community.
180. Drug Misuse occurs when a drug is taken or administered under
circumstances and dose that significantly increases the hazard to the
individual or to others.
181. Drug Mule/Courier are individuals who transport drugs in exchange for a
huge amount of money, depending on the amount of drugs to be delivered
and the route/distance to be traveled (Dulguime, 2016).
182. Drug Rehabilitation is the term used for the process of medical or
psychotherapeutic treatment of a person.
183. Drug Syndicate is a network of illegal drug operations operated and
manned carefully by groups of criminals who knowingly traffic through
nefarious trade for personal or group profit.
184. Drug Tolerance is a progressive state of decreased responsiveness to a drug.
185. Drug Trafficking is a global market activity consisting of production,
distribution, packaging, and sale of illegal psychoactive substances. It
includes smuggling across borders, and distribution within the demanding
country (Dulguime, 2016).
186. Drug Use occurs when the drug sought can be realized with minimal
hazard, whether or not used therapeutically, legally or as prescribed by a
physician.
187. Drug-Free Model is the drug-free model approaches to the treatment and
rehabilitation of drug abusers are varied, but few significant factors are
constant.
188. Dual-Diagnosis is a mental patients ' condition when they are also addicted
to any mind-altering drug
189. Dysphoria is the opposite of euphoria.
190. Dysynergy is an addiction's tendency to cause another (e.g. gateway drugs);
an addicted person's tendency to combine substances.
191. Ecgonine is the chemical base or core of the cocaine molecule. Ecgonine
treated with methyl iodide and benzoic anhydride produces pure cocaine.
192. Education Model assumes that drug abuse results from bad choices made in
ignorance of the true effects and hazards of drugs. It is expected that if
young people are educated about the dangers of drug abuse, they will make
the right decisions and avoid drug use.
193. Effects on Sexual Functions, after the excessive use of alcohol, the ability to
have satisfactory sexual activity is decreased.
194. Effects on the Blood is the activity of the liver trying to get rid of the alcohol
results in may change to the blood.
195. Effects on the Heart and Muscle is where the alcohol affects the heart and
other muscles so that they become weaker and less effective.
196. Effects on the Kidneys is where alcohol decreased the ability of the kidneys
to get rid of some waste products.
197. Effects on the Liver is the first thing the liver does is to turn part of the
alcohol into fat.
198. Effects on the Reproductive System is when a woman who smokes during
pregnancy increases the risk of stillbirth and prenatal mortality and the
child physical and intellectual are delayed.
199. Effects on the Respiratory System increase risks of developing lung cancer
tenfold for the average of one pack a day smoke; increase lung cancer risk
with the amount width length of time smoke and early age starting.
200. Efficacy refers to the therapeutic benefits that can be achieved by a drug.
201. Emphysema is an illness in which the air sacs in the lungs become over-
inflated as they lose their elasticity, and are no longer able to push out all
the carbon – dioxide gas in the lungs. This makes the sufferer feel unwell,
tight in the chest and always short of breath.
202. Employee of Den, Dive or Resort is the caretaker, helper, watchman,
lookout, and other persons working in the den, dive or resort, employed by
the maintainer, owner and/or operator where any dangerous and/or
controlled processor and essential chemical is administered, delivered,
distributed, sold or used with or without compensation in connection with
the operation thereof.
203. Employee, of a prohibited drug den, dive or resort includes the caretaker,
helper, watchman, look out and other persons employed by the operator of
 a prohibited drug is administered, delivered, distributed, sold or used with
or without compensation in connection with the operation thereof.
204. Employer is an individual or organization providing jobs for one or several
employees (including people who are seeking for jobs) who maintain DOT
agency regulations, needed to coincide with the deal.
205. Enabling is helping an addicted person do things they can or should be
doing for themselves; causes disease progression.
206. Endogenous Opioid is the opioids that the body naturally produces in order
to help us tolerate pain.
207. Endorphins are opium-like substances produced by the brain; natural
painkillers.
208. Envy means to get attention from someone as a sign of protest envy is a
major cause of drug abuse.
209. Ergot is a fungus that parasites rye and other grains and diethylamide
portion.
210. Ethanol is the beverage type (ethyl) of alcohol.
211. Ethyl Alcohol is used in alcoholic drinks, which are made by breweries.
212. Euphoria is a feeling as well-being, increased confidence temporary relief
from fatigue, pain or depression.
213. Euphoric Recall is especially frustrating and difficult for others to
understand. In this state, the drug dependents remember how they feel, but
not how they behaved.
214. Evidential Breath Testing Device (EBT) is a facility prescribed by NHTSA
for evidential test of breath with concentration of alcohol at level .02 and .04.
215. Excipient is an inactive substance added to a drug to help bind the active
ingredient.
216. Expectorants are those that can ease the expulsion of mucus and phlegm
from the lungs and the throat. They are not drugs of choice for the newborn
that does not know to cough the phlegm out.
217. Experimental Use implies short-term use at one or a variety of drugs, either
singly or in combination. Curiosity to experience something new, or peer
group pressure is to major motivations for experimental drug use.
218. Experimentation is the tendency of a person to try and explore the effects of
drugs due to curiosity or other reasons.
219. Family Therapy is based on the recognition that while the family as a
primary social unit, can be a source of problem leading to drug abuse, it can
also be a powerful factor in improving the behavior of the drug-dependent
(Manwong, 2007).
220. Fatal Dose is the fatal dose of liquor of an ordinary person is about 200 to
500 ml of absolute alcohol (for adults) and about 50 ml onward for children.
221. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) are birth defects/abnormalities in babies of
alcoholic and alcohol-abusing mothers.
222. Fetal Drug Syndrome (FDS) are Birth defects/abnormalities in babies of
drug-abusing mothers.
223. Financier is any person who pays for, raises or supplies money for or
underwrites any of the illegal activities prescribed under this Act.
224. Financing pertains to surreptitious movement and the delivery of
dangerous drugs in a big amount of cash.
225. Flake Form is considered as delivery among coke cat.
226. Form or Froth is observed in the mouth and nose, maybe white or pinkish
and caused by fluids entering the air passages.
227. Free Base is the purified substance of rocks that is strongly addictive
cocaine.
228. Freebasing is a method of reducing impurities in cocaine. The method
produces a type of cocaine that is many time more powerful than that of
normal cocaine.
229. Frequent Drinker drinks at parties and social affairs. Intake of alcohol
maybe once a week or occasionally reaches three or four times per week,
uses beverages to release inhibitions and tensions.
230. Frequent Shifting of Mood is euphoric, elated and sometimes even ecstatic
when under the influence of drugs.
231. Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner (1805) is a German chemist who isolated
and describes morphine.
232. Gambling is usually defined as wagering on games or events in which
chance largely determines the outcome.
233. Generalissimo Chang-Kai-Shek (1941) orders complete suppressions of the
poppy; laws are enacted providing the death penalty for anyone guilty of
cultivating the poppy, manufacturing opium, or offering it for sale.
234. Golden Crescent is composed of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan. It produces at
least 85% to 90% of all illicit heroin channeled in the drug underworld
market.
235. Golden Triangle is composed of Thailand, Laos, Myanmar. Approximately
produces 60% of opium in the world. 90% of opium in the Eastern part of
Asia.
236. Greed is a wealth, fame, recognition as exemplified by people under
pressure in their work of art, such as medians, actor’s athletes who indulge
in drug abuse.
237. Group Therapy is a form of therapy where the individual is helped through
a group process (Manwong, 2007).
238. Habit is an outdated term for addiction/physical dependence.
239. Habituation is the repetitious engagement of drug use which is closely
related to the experience of the euphoric effect of drugs, and the relief of
pain or emotional discomfort.
240. Hallucinogen is the term hallucinogen has been used to refer to these drugs,
their effects are subtle and involve far more than hallucinations. They cause
dilated pupils and increases in blood pressure, temperature, and pulse rate.
 Drugs like marijuana, LSD, PSP, and ecstasy produce changes in mood,
thought and perception.
241. Hallucinogens are drugs that affect sensation, thinking, self-awareness and
emotion.
242. Hard Core Addicts are those whose activities revolve almost entirely
around the drug experience and securing supplies.
243. Harm Reduction are strategies that are designed to reduce the impacts of
dug related harm on individuals and communities. Governments do not
condone illegal risk behaviors such as injecting drug use.
244. Hashish is a cannabis preparation more potent than marijuana. This comes
from the resinous secretions of the marijuana plant’s flowering tops. It is a
purified resin prepared from the flowering tops of the female cannabis plant
and smoked or chewed as a narcotic or an intoxicant.
245. Hashish oil is the extracted oil of marijuana plants and is usually dark and
sticky.
246. Health Curriculum refers to the subjects and courses of study which address
educational outcomes that are drawn from the Health and Physical
Education syllabus.
247. Health Education is a natural area in which to give information about
drugs. Drug abuse affects all other health issues, both physical and
psychological.
248. Heinrish Dressen discovered this method of producing heroin from
morphine in the 1980’s. It was he who used the term “hero”, which means
audacity.
249. Hematoma is a localized swelling on any part of the body caused by
bleeding beneath the surface of the skin. This is caused by “skin popping”
rather that vein injections.
250. Herbal Drugs are plant substances that have drug effects and whose use is
not generally regulated by law. These substances generally require little
processing after the plants are gathered. Although they may be processed or
sold commercially, it is possible for the consumes to prepare the drug for
use of it can be grown locally.
251. Heroin is three to five times more powerful than morphine from which it is
derived and the most addicting opium derivative.
252. Hippies are those who are addicted to drugs believing that drug is an
integral part of life.
253. Hippocrates (4,000 B.C.) is the Father of medicine; he recommended the use
of juice of white poppy (opium), as treatment for a number of sickness or as
an elixir.
254. Honey Oil is the same as hashish oil except it is clear and looks much like
honey does.
255. Hong Kong is the world’s transshipment point of all forms of heroin
(Manwong, 2003)
256. Hydrocodone is an effective narcotic analgesic first developed as a cough
medication.
257. Hypnotics are groups of regulated drugs such as Mandrax, Quaalude,
Fadormir, and other drugs (Manwong, 2007).
258. Iatrogenic Addiction is an addiction caused by medical treatment, i.e.,
liberal use of opiate analgesics in a hospital setting that leads to opiate
addiction in a susceptible individual.
259. Ibogaine is a long-acting psychedelic from the iboga shrub that when used
in high doses acts as a hallucinogen; in low doses, it acts as a stimulant; it is
currently being researched as a treatment for heroin addiction.
260. Ibuprofen is a non-opiate pain reliever that controls pain, fever, and
inflammation.
261. Ice is the street name for dextromethamphetamine, (actually dextro isomer
methamphetamine base), a crystalline form of amphetamine that is
smokable. It has slightly milder physical effects than methamphetamine
hydrochloride but more severe mental effects.
262. Ideology is the participation in drug-using groups that provides supporting
ideologies that neutralize some of the negative opinions and attitudes
surrounding illicit drug use and provide posit reinforcement and
justification for drug-taking behavior.
263. Idiosyncrasy refers to the individual reaction to a drug, food, etc. for
unexplained reasons. Morphine for example: which sedates all men,
stimulates and renders some women maniacal behaviors.
264. Ignorance is the lack of knowledge and information about how dangerous
drugs look like, their bad effects, legal ramifications or consequences and
other aspects of prohibited drugs, drug addiction, drug-pushing, drug
syndicates, and many other others.
265. Illegal Trafficking is illegal cultivation, culture, delivery administration
dispensation, manufacture, sale trading, transportation, distribution,
importation exportation, and possession of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical.
266. Illicit Drug Investigation is a necessary tool employed by law enforcement
agencies in building-up relevant and competent evidence which are vital in
the development of a drug case.
267. Illusion is a mistaken perception of a real stimulus, e.g., a rope is mistaken
for a snake; a distortion of one’s perceptions.
268. Immune System is a complex system of white blood cells, macrophages, and
other cellular and genetics components that defend the body against foreign
organisms.
269. Immunoassay is used for testing for drug antigens; see EMIT.
270. Immunosuppressant is a decrease in the effectiveness of the body’s disease-
fighting mechanisms; can be caused by the use of certain drugs, by the HIV
virus, or by other infectious agents.
271. Impairment is a physical and mental dysfunction due to psychoactive drugs
or other addictive behaviors.
272. Imipramine is the prototype of the tricyclic antidepressant drugs.
273. Imprinting is a process whereby memories, such as survival memories, are
impressed onto nerve cells in the brain.
274. India is the center of the world’s drug map, leading to rapid addiction
among its people.
275. Indian Hemp otherwise known as marijuana, embraces every kind, class,
genus or species of the plant Cannabis sativa L, including cannabis
Americana, hashish, bhang, guaza, churrsus and canjab and embraces every
kind class and character thereof whether dried or portions of the plant,
seeds thereof and all its geographic varieties whether as a reeter, resin,
extract tincture or in any form whatsoever.
276. Indica is a species of Cannabis that is high in THC content, see Cannabis.
277. Individual Counseling is a one-on-one interaction between a therapist,
counselor, or other treatment specialist and a client with emotional or
mental problems to help him or her understand and cope with illness.
278. Individual Therapy involves a one to one relationship whose aim is to help
the patient reduce his drug-abusing behavior and develop insight into his
condition (Manwong, 2007).
279. Indole Psychedelics is a class of hallucinogens that includes LSD, psilocybin
mushrooms, ibogaine, DMT, and yage.
280. Indonesia, Northern Sumatra has traditionally been the main cannabis
growing area in Indonesia. Bali Indonesia is an important transit point for
drugs en route to Australia and New Zealand.
281. Induction is the beginning phase of buprenorphine treatment.
282. Inexperienced Doctors is the tendency of doctors and physicians to
unnecessarily prescribe drugs.
283. Inflation is an addiction behavior's tendency to slowly but surely increase
in frequency.
284. Information Addiction is a form of Internet addiction that involves
excessive surfing of the Web looking for data and information.
285. Information, friends, and relatives may offer information on situations in
which certain substances may be used for specific purposes.
286. Ingestion is taking food, liquid, drugs, or medications into the stomach by
mouth.
287. Inhalant is any substance that is vaporized, misted, or gaseous that is
inhaled and absorbed through the capillaries in the alveoli of the lungs.
288. Inhalation is a route that makes use of gaseous and volatile drugs, which
are hated and absorbed rapidly through the mucus of the respiratory tract.
289. Inhibition is controlling and restraining instinctual, unconscious, or
conscious drives especially if they conflict with society’s rules.
290. Inhibitory Neurotransmitter is a neurotransmitter, such as GABA or
serotonin that keeps a neurotransmitter from relaying a message.
291. Initial Drug Test is a kind of testing is used to identify a negative sample
from others, which have to pass additional testing for drug metabolites or
drugs themselves.
292. Initial Validity Test is a test, which is used to detect adulteration, dilution
or substitution of a sample.
293. Injection is a form of drug administration that offers a faster response than
the oral method. It makes use of a needle or other device to deliver the
drugs directly into the body tissue and blood circulation.
294. Inpatient Treatment is a 7-28 day program in a hospital or other residential
facility that focuses on detoxification, therapy, and education.
295. Instrument is anything that is used in or intended to be used in any manner
in the commission of illegal drug trafficking or related offenses.
296. Insufflations is a term for snorting a drug, such as cocaine, heroin, or
methamphetamine.
297. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas to help control blood sugar
levels; diabetics need to use oral medications to force the pancreas to release
more insulin to give themselves injections of insulin. Compulsive
overeating can induce diabetes.
298. Intelligence Test is the test is designed to cover a wide variety of mental
functions with special emphasis on adjustment comprehension and
reasoning.
299. Intensified Use implies the regular and long term consumption of a drug or
series of drugs by an individual to achieve relief from persistent problems
or stressful situations on his desire to maintain a certain self-prescribed
level of performance.
300. Interdiction is a supply reduction, drug abuse prevention technique of
intercepting drugs before they are distributed to dealers or users.
301. Interest Test is designed to reveal the field of interest that a client will be
interested in.
302. Intermediate-acting barbiturates take effect within 15 to 30 minutes and
last up to 6 hours (Manwong, 2007).
303. International and Local Cooperation/Coordination refers to an effective
and efficient cooperation and coordination of all local and international
agencies of the government (Garcia).
304. Internet Addiction is a compulsion to overuse various services available on
the Internet; it includes cyber sexual addiction, computer-relationship
addiction, net compulsions, information addiction, and computer games
addiction.
305. Intervention is a planned attempt to break through addicts’ or abusers'
denial and get them to treatment.
306. Intoxication is a state of being drugged or poisoned; results from abuse of
alcohol, barbiturates, toxic drugs, etc.
307. Intramuscular Injection is injecting a drug into a muscle. It takes three to
five minutes for the drug to reach the brain and have an effect.
308. Intravenous Injection is injecting a drug directly into the vein. It takes 15-30
seconds for the drugs to reach the brain.
309. Intrinsic Activity is the extent to which a drug activates a receptor.
310. Invalid drug test means that the results obtained after passing a drug test
say that there was an unidentified component in the sample, or an
unidentified interfering ingredient if the sample included unacceptable
physical features or had an endogenous ingredient at an utmost level which
prevented the lab from conducting results.
311. Inverse Tolerance (Kindling or Sensitization) is a continuous use change
brain chemistry to the point that the same dose suddenly starts causing a
more intense reaction.
312. Iontophoresis is the introduction of drugs into the deeper layers of the skin
by the use of a special type of electric current for local effect.
313. Islamic Law (Sharia) is the earliest recorded law in the old world which
pertains to the prohibition of the use of alcohol, which is usually attributed
to passages in the Quoran purportedly dating from the 17th century
(Garcia, 2013).
314. Japan is the major consumer of cocaine and shabu from the U.S. and
Europe.
315. John Rolf (1613) is the husband of the Indian princess Pocahontas that sends
the first shipment Virginia Tobacco from Jamestown to England.
316. Kava is a drink or a preparation obtained from plant ‘kava’ (Piper
methysticum).
317. Ketamine or K is another new drug with physiological effects as shabu or
ecstasy.
318. Kif or Kief is the chopped flowering tops of female cannabis plants, often
mixed with tobacco, Moroccan hashish produced in the Rif mountains.
Sifted cannabis trichomes consisting of only the glandular heads often
incorrectly referred to as “Crystals or Pollen (Garcia, 2013).
319. Laboratory Equipment is the paraphernalia, apparatus materials or
appliances when used, intended for use or designed for use in the
manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical such as reaction vessel, preparative/ purifying
equipment, fermentors, separatory funnel, flask, heating mantle, gas
generator, or their substitute.
320. Laboratory refers to the private or government agency that is capable of
testing a specimen to determine the presence of dangerous drugs therein.
321. Law Enforcement Model Bis an approach was based on the assumption that
drug abuse was a moral issue and that the persons who abused drugs
 because of immorality or weakness in the face of temptation must be
punished for their own good and for the good of society.
322. Laxatives are those that stimulate defecation and encourage bowel
movement.
323. Legal Drugs are everyday drugs not for medical use (e.g. alcohol, caffeine,
carbohydrates, nicotine, etc.)
324. Lethal Dose is the amount of drug that will cause death.
325. License refers to the authority granted by the board to operate and maintain
the laboratory.
326. Licit drug is a drug whose production, sale or possession is not prohibited.
‘Legal drug’ is an alternative term.
327. Liver Toxicity is manifested by anorexia, nausea, fatigue, lethargy, itching,
jaundice, abdominal pain I dark – colored urine, and flu-like symptoms.
328. Local Anesthetics are drugs that produce a reversible loss of sensitivity to
pain in the restricted (local) area to which they are applied.
329. Long-acting barbiturates take effect within 30 to 60 minutes and last up to 8
hours (Manwong, 2007).
330. Loss of Family Values and Solidarity is where a parent who are
busybodies, leave their children neglected. Western influence through tri-
media eroded the values of praying and eating together.
331. Louis Hebert (1609) is the first one who harvested the first crops (cannabis
hemp) that was sown by a European on Canadian soil.
332. Lust is the burning of sexual desire that can distort the human mind to drug
abuse.
333. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) is the most powerful of the psychedelics
obtained from ergot, a fungus that attacks rye kernels. (Manwong, 2007)
334. Magnan’s Symptoms is the feeling as if grains of sand are lying under the
skin or small insects are creeping on the skin is the most characterized
symptoms.
335. Maintenance is the stabilization of a patient who is indefinitely on a drug's
lowest effective dose.
336. Malnutrition is the life of an addict that revolves around drug use. He
misses even his regular meals.
337. Manufacture is the production, preparation, compounding or processing of
a dangerous drug either directly or indirectly or by extraction from
substances of natural origin or by chemical synthesis.
338. Marijuana is the most commonly abused hallucinogen in the Philippines
because it can be grown extensively in the country. This is obtained from an
Indian hemp plant known as “Cannabis Sativa” a strong, handy annual
shrub, which grows wild in temperature and tropic regions.
339. Maximal Dose is the largest amount of drug that will produce a desired
therapeutic effect, without any accompanying symptoms of toxicity.
340. May 1984 in San Rafael, Ilo-Ilo. Cocaine was first cultivated in the
Philippines.
341. Medical- Distributive Model is based on the philosophy that if the medical
profession finds a person who has a disorder that cannot be treated, the
medical profession is bound to make the person as comfortable as possible.
342. Medical Model attempts to treat drug abuse as if it were an infectious
epidemic. This model relies on the early identification of drug abusers
before they can infect others.
343. Medical Model is an addiction theory that considers addiction a medical
rather than a social issue.
344. Medical Review Officer (MRO) is an individual, often with higher
education, who takes and classifies laboratory results, according to the drug
testing program of the employer.
345. Medicine is a drug taken to cure and/or ameliorate any symptoms of an
illness or medical condition, or maybe used as preventive medicine that has
future benefits but does not treat any existing or pre-existing diseases or
symptoms.
346. Medrobate is a minor tranquilizer used for the relief of anxiety, tension, and
muscular spasm.
347. Mental Effects is the drug abuser can experience the adverse effects of the
central nervous system.
348. Mental Invalid in the sense that drugs can manipulate him; make him lose
his power and prod him to behave contrary to what he usually thinks is
right.
349. Menthol is an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from
peppermint or other mint oils. It has a pleasant odor, and in small amounts
gives an oral “cooling” sensation to cigarette smoke, cough drops, chewing
gum, and other products.
350. Meperidine hydrochloride is a fine, white, odorless, crystalline powder; very
soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, and used in medicine as a narcotic.
351. Mescaline is the alkaloid hallucinogen extracted from the peyote cactus and
can also be synthesized in the laboratory.
352. Mescaline is the primary ingredient of peyote cactus in plants known as
Lophophora William Si in the US and Mexico.
353. Metabolism (of drugs) is the chemical and physical reactions carried out by
the body to prepare for a drug's execution
354. Methadone hydrochloride is a synthetic narcotic. Used medicinally as a
sedative and also useful in treating heroin addiction.
355. Methadone is the drug of choice in the withdrawal treatment of heroin
dependents since it relieves the physical craving for heroin.
356. Methamphetamine is a colorless, volatile liquid; characteristic strong odor
and slightly burning taste. Highly toxic, flammable, as well as a dangerous
fire risk. Basis of a group of hallucinogenic, habit-forming drugs that affect
the central nervous system.
357. Methaqualone is a synthetic sedative that has been widely abused and often
caused serious poisoning.
358. Methaqualone is used to induce sleep which is bitter in taste and odorless
that is taken orally.
359. Methyl Alcohol is very poisonous and is not put in drinks but use in some
industries.
360. Methylenedioxy Methamphetamine (MDMA) is commonly known as
ecstasy.
361. Mexico is the Number one producer of Cannabis sativa in the world.
362. Middle East, Becka Valley of Lebanon the biggest producer of cannabis in
the Middle East. Lebanon is also considered as the transit country for
cocaine from South America to European Markets.
363. Minimal Dose is the amount needed to treat or heal, that is, the smallest
amount of a drug that will produce a therapeutic effect.
364. Money Laundering is a method used by corrupt public officials, traffickers,
and other criminals in order to sanitize their money. Thus, it enables them
to disguise the illegal origins of their wealth, throw off suspicions of law
enforcement and erase any incriminating traces of illegal activity.
(Dulguime, 2016)
365. Mood Stabilizers is a diverse group of drugs used primarily in the
treatment of manic depressive illness; as a class, these drugs are effective in
acute mania, generally less effective in acute depression, and act to dampen
mood swings over time.
366. Morning Glory Seeds is known as lysergic acid amide the black and brown
seeds of the wild tropical morning glory that is used to produce
hallucinations.
367. Morphine is the most commonly used and best-used opiate effective as a
pain killer six times potent than opium with a high dependence-producing
potential. The most commonly used and best-used opiate. Effective as a
pain killer. It was named after Morpheus the Greek god of dreams
stimulating effect. A white crystalline alkaloid, slightly soluble in water,
alcohol, and ether; highly toxic, narcotic, habit-forming drug.
368. Mu Agonist is a drug that stimulates physiologic activity on mu-opioid cell
receptors.
369. Mu Opioid Receptor is a nerve cell receptor that mediates opioid addiction
and tolerance through drug-induced activity.
370. Mule is a lower echelon criminals recruited by a smuggling organization to
cross a border carrying drugs. (Dulguime, 2016)
371. Muscular Incoordination is the depression of motor functions and causes
greater dulling of the brain that controls inhabitations.
372. Mushroom is an umbrella-shaped fungus, some varieties of which contain a
drug that can cause hyperventilation, tremors, and hyperactivity when the
fungus is chewed, smoked, or ground and infused in water and drunk as a
tea.
373. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that blocks the effects of opioid agonists.
374. Naltrexone is a narcotic antagonist that blocks the effects of opioids.
375. Napoleon’s Army (1800), while returning from Egypt, introduces cannabis
(hashish Marijuana) into France.
376. Narcolepsy is a condition characterized by an overwhelming desire to sleep.
377. Narcotic Drug refers to illegally used drugs or dangerous drugs which are
either prohibited or regulated drugs. It also refers to drugs that produce
sleep or stupor and relieve pain due to its depressant effect on the CNS. The
term Narcotic comes from the Greek word “ narcotikos”. It is sometimes
known as “opiates”.
378. Narcotics are drugs that produce insensitivity, stupor, melancholy or
dullness of mind with delusions. Opium, heroin, codeine, morphine are the
most popular of narcotics. Drugs that relieve pain and often induce sleep.
From Greek word for sleep “Narkotikos.” Pharmacologically, any substance
that produces narcosis, a stuporous state resembling sleep, and
characterized by loss of sensation. Addictive substance that reduces pain,
alters mood and behavior and usually induces sleep or stupor.
379. Natural drugs can be found in animals and plants.
380. Natural Form is a natural plant leaves, flowering tops, resin, hashish,
opium, and marijuana.
381. Needle Marks/Tracks is a visual evidence of repeated intravenous
injections. The tracks will follow a vein (exception “skin popping”) and
result in a dark discoloration and eventual collapse of the vein.
382. Negative Reinforcement – Repetitive behavior to avoid something
unpleasant.
383. Neurotransmitter is the natural chemical a neuron releases to communicate
with or influence another.
384. Nicotina Tabacum is a plant grown for its leaves, which are smoked,
chewed, or sniffed for a variety of effects.
385. Nicotine is the most common important active ingredient in controlled
doses. Tobacco's extremely toxic main active ingredient (causes negative
CNS stimulation).
386. Nonnarcotic Allergies is an analgesic drug is one that, through its action on
the nervous system, reduces or abolishes suffering from pain without the
loss of any other sensations.
387. Nonopioid is a drug that doesn’t activate opioid receptors.
388. Obsession is a mental behavior one repeats involuntarily that can be
harmful (e.g., (needing) an alcoholic drink).
389. Occasional Drinker drinks on special; occasions or uses alcohol as a home
remedy, takes only a few drinks per year.
390. Office of Drug and Alcohol Policy and Compliance (ODAPC) is the
Department of the Secretary, DOT, which holds responsibility for managing
alcohol and drug testing programs within the Office and which spreads
information about alcohol and drug testing program management.
391. Off-Label Use is a physician-approved use of a drug for uses other than
those stated on its label.
392. One Hitter is a contrivance that allows the small amount of cannabis to be
burned and inhaled in a single breath (Garcia).
393. Opiates are natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic substances with morphine-
like effects in the body. They are primarily employed as analgesics and can
be considered narcotic in their effects.
394. Opium Poppy means any part of the plant of the species papaver
somniferum L, including the seeds thereof.
395. Opium refers to the coagulated juice of the opium poppy and embraces
every kind of character and class of opium, whether crude or prepared.
Derived from a female poppy plant- Papaver Somniferous popularly known
as “gum”, “gamot”, “kalamay” or “panocha”. Come from greek Wod
means “juice”. The original component of morphine and heroin.
396. Opportunity is the more people there are in the environments that use
drugs on a regular basis, the more likely that opportunities to use them will
arise.
397. Oral Ingestion is the rug that is taken by the mouth and must pass through
the stomach before being absorbed into the bloodstream. This is one of the
most common ways of taking a drug.
398. Oral is the safest most convenient and economical route whenever possible.
There are, however, drugs, which cannot be administered this way because
the digestive juices readily destroy them or because they irritate the mucous
lining of the gastrointestinal tract and induce vomiting.
399. Organic nitrites are volatiles that include cyclohexyl, butyl, and amyl
nitrites, commonly known as “poppers.” Amyl nitrite is still used in certain
diagnostic medical procedures. When marketed for illicit use, organic
nitrites are often sold in small brown bottles labeled as “video head
cleaner,” “room odorizer,” “leather cleaner” or “liquid aroma.”
400. Overdose occurs when too much of a drug is taken to the physiological
system of the human body, there may be an over-extension of its effects.
401. Over–the–Counter Drugs (OTC) are non-prescription medicines, which may
be purchased from any pharmacy or drugstore without written
authorization from a doctor.
402. Oxycodone is a medicine used for relief of moderate to high pain.
403. Painkillers are analgesic substances (opioids and nonopioids).
404. Paracelsus (1490-1541) introduced laudanum, as a tincture of opium, into
the practice of medicine.
405. Paregoric is a tincture of opium in combination with camphor.
406. Partial Agonists is bind to and activate receptors to a lesser degree than full
agonists.
407. Path of Least Resistance doesn’t want to drink but doesn’t want to obtain
so goes along with everyone else.
408. PDEA refers to the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency under Section 82,
Article IX of this act.
409. Pento Barbital Sodium is a solid yellow capsule form known by abusers as
YELLOW JACKETS or NIMIES.
410. Person is any entity, natural or juridical, including among others a
corporation, partnership, trust or estate, joint-stock company, association,
syndicate, joint venture or other incorporated organization or group capable
of acquiring rights or entering into an obligation.
411. Personality Test is a type of test is used to evaluate the character and
personality traits of an individual such as his emotional adjustment,
interpersonal relation, motivation, and attitude.
412. Petechial Hemorrhages are pinpoint spots of discoloration resulting from
capability ruptures due to pressure and generally observed in the eyes,
eyelids, behind the ears and internally.
413. Peyote is derived from the surface part of a small gray-brown cactus. The
common name for the small Mexican cactus, Lophophora williamsii, which
contains the hallucinogen, mescaline.
414. Phantasmagoria is a sensation that figures are rushing toward him at
tremendous speed, increasing in size as they approach.
415. Pharmaceutical Drugs are drugs available through a pharmacy including
over-the-counter and prescription medicines.
416. Pharmacodynamics is the study of the relationship of drug concentration to
drug effects.
417. Pharmacokinetics is the study of the time course of the processes
(absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) a drug undergoes in
the body.
418. Pharmacologic as relating to the study of drugs and their origin, natural
properties, and effects on living organisms.
419. Pharmacology is the science of drug preparation, uses, and effects.
420. Phencyclidine is used as an intravenous anesthetic and analgesic and used
also as a treatment for a mental disorder. It has an anesthetic activity and is
manufactured legitimately for use as a veterinary anesthetic. It has no
legitimate use in humans because of its hallucinogenic actions. The effects
on humans are considered euphoric, but at times depression or anxiety and
aggressive behavior are produced. Common street names are PCP, peace
pill, hog, and angel dust.
421. Phenothiazines are the first chemical class of antipsychotic drugs
developed, are tricyclic molecules.
422. Philippines is the major transshipment point for the worldwide distribution
of illegal drugs such as shabu and cocaine from Taiwan and South America.
The second-largest supplier of MJ and the drug paradise of drug abusers in
Asia.
423. Physical Dependence is a result when a drug has been used for a long
period of time. It is only identified when a characteristic withdrawal or
abstinence syndrome occurs after its use is discontinued.
424. Picking is adherence to a drug to the face of the punch used to produce a
tablet. Picking creates holes in the surfaces of pressed tablets, usually near
letters such as A or R.
425. Placebo is a substance with no pharmacological elements that may elicit a
reaction because of a patient's mindset.
426. Planting of Evidence is the willful act by any person of maliciously and
surreptitiously inserting, placing, adding or attaching directly or indirectly,
through any overt or covert act, whatever quantity of any dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical in person, house, effects
or in the immediate vicinity of an innocent individual for the purpose of
implicating or imputing the commission of any violation of this Act.
427. Poisoning may be accidental, homicidal, suicidal or as a suicidal gesture
drugs and medications are often involved, taken either by children in
ignorance of their nature from accessible places, or by adults suicide or
attempted suicide.
428. Poisonous Property is drugs are chemicals and some have the property of
being general protoplasmic poisons.
429. Polydrug Use means that people who abuse tends to take all sorts of drugs.
430. Polysubstance Abuse is the concurrent abuse of more than one substance.
431. Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (PAWS) are withdrawal symptoms after
initial acute withdrawal.
432. Potency describes the amount of drug needed to achieve the therapeutic
effect.
433. Potentiation is the use of any other substance to maximize the effect of the
drug.
434. Poverty is the most prevalent factor that prompts pushers and abusers alike
to indulge in dangerous drugs. Pushers were forced by the circumstances of
the retailing of prohibited drugs as a meant or source of livelihood.
435. Powdered Form is usually flaked cocaine diluted with other substances such
as lactose or procaine.
436. Practitioner is any person who is a licensed physician, dentist, chemist
medical technologist, nurse, midwife, veterinarian or pharmacist in the
Philippines.
437. Precipitated Withdrawal Syndrome can occur when a patient on full-
agonist opioids takes an antagonist.
438. Prescription Drugs are commercially produced drugs that can be legally
sold or dispensed only by a physician or a physician’s order. They are like
over the counter drugs in that they are manufactured by pharmaceutical
companies, but they differ in that the decision to use drugs legally vested in
a licensed physician, not in the user.
439. Prescription Only Medicines (POM) must be prescribed by a licensed
medical professional, usually a physician.
440. Prescriptive Drugs are drugs requiring written authorization from a doctor
to allow a purchase.
441. Pride is an excessive feeling of self-worth or self-esteem, sense of self-
importance.
442. Primary Specimen, in process of drug testing, the urine sample volume is
disclosed at the first laboratory to analyze if the individual, who has passed
the test, recently used drugs or has drug metabolites in his organism; it’s
also used to validate the sample.
443. Processing comes into play after harvesting.
444. Production pertains to the planting, growing, and harvesting of plants,
which are the sources of raw materials in the manufacture of precursors
and/or dangerous drugs.
445. Propoxyphene is a mildly effective narcotic analgesic, somewhat less potent
than codeine, that bears a close structural relationship to methadone.
446. Protector or Coddler is any person who knowingly and willfully consents to
the unlawful acts provided for in this Act and uses his/her influence, power
or position in shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating the escape of
any person he/she knows, or has reasonable grounds to believe on or
suspects, has violated the provisions of this Act in order to prevent the
arrest, prosecution and conviction of the violator.
447. Psilocybin is often referred to as “magic mushrooms”, this fungus contains
two hallucinogens named psilocybin’. This hallucinogenic alkaloid from
small Mexican mushrooms is used by Mexican Indians today.
448. Psychedelic Drugs produce an intensely pleasurable mental state.
449. Psychiatric Evaluation is a process whereby a team of professionals
composed of psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric, social workers
conduct an examination to determine whether or not a patient is suffering
from psychiatric disorder.
450. Psychoactive Drug is a mind and behavior-altering substance.
451. Psychoactive Effects are effects produce by drug or substance that alters
mental processes including mood, cognition, thinking or behavior.
452. Psychological Dependence is a condition wherein a person obtains relief
from his problems through the use of drugs and tends to use them every
time he meets problems as an escape to reality.
453. Psychopharmacology is the study of how drugs affect consciousness, mood,
sensation, etc.
454. Psychotherapy in Gambling is an approach base on some findings that
pathological gamblers' marital relationship is generally chaotic and
turbulent, with the spouse frequently showing seriously maladaptive
patterns also.
455. Psychotropic Drug is any drug that acts on one's psychic experience or
mood behavior.
456. Pusher is any person who sells, administer, deliver or give away to another,
distribute, transport any dangerous drug.
457. Quaaludes is a synthetic sedative drug that was once thought to be safer
than barbiturates and in the 1970’s became the most frequently prescribed
sedative-hypnotic.
458. Qualification Training are courses designed for BATs, MROs, collectors,
STTs or SAPs to get some qualification in the sphere of DOT drug testing.
459. Qualitative test is a test that determines the presence or absence of specific
drugs or metabolites, proteins, or enzymes in the specimen or sample.
460. Quinine is a bulky, white, amorphous powder or crystalline alkaloid; very
bitter taste; odorless and levorotatory. Used in medicine as an antimalarial
drug.
461. R.A. 6425. Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972
462. R.A. 9165. Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
463. Rapid Detox is an anesthesia-assisted detoxification (injection of high doses
of an opiate antagonist, followed by an infusion of naloxone).
464. Rash/Scratched Skin is an external body signs of morphine or heroin
poisoning.
465. Receptor is a protein on a target cell's membrane or cytoplasm with which a
drug interacts.
466. Recidivism is one's return to a negative behavior (relapse) (e.g. Drug use).
467. Recovery is reducing or ceasing substance abuse; often followed by one's
personal life being turned around by way of a supportive environment.
468. Recovery Rates is the percentage of addicted persons undergoing treatment
who partake in abstinence in their first year.
469. Refresher Training are courses needed periodically for BATs, collectors and
STTs with qualification to refresh certain knowledge and to pass some
instructions on new technologies (e.g. some new test methodic which can be
applied) as well as theory, guidance, amendments and documents dealing
with this part, also DOT offices’ alcohol and drug testing technologies.
470. Regular Drinker may drink daily or consistently on weekends, usually
comes from a cultural background where wine and beer are used with
meals to enhance the flavor of the food.
471. Rehabilitation is a dynamic process directed towards the changes of the
health 0f the person to prepare him from his fullest life potentials and
capabilities, and making him law-abiding and productive members of the
community without abusing drugs.
472. Relapse is a symptom recurrence after a period of sobriety or drug use
cessation.
473. Relapse Prevention is a therapeutic process that interrupts believes and
behaviors that result in lifestyle dysfunction.
474. Remission is a symptom-free period.
475. Repression also results in forgetfulness, is psychological in nature. It is a
defense mechanism that enables a person to forget shame and pain. It must
be remembered that some repression and any other defense mechanism is
utilized by everyone, not just the drug-impaired person.
476. Resin-Producing is when THC is found most abundantly in the upper
leaves, barks, and flowers of the resin producing plant.
477. Respiratory Paralysis means that if more liquor is consumed the paralysis
of the respiratory center set in.
478. Retailing involves the selling of pushing drugs in small quantities to the
end-users of grass root level.
479. Reversed Tolerance is when a lower dose of a drug produces the same
desired or observed effect that previously resulted only with higher
dosages.
480. Ritual is a foster group feeling, cocktail parties, and toasts made to brides
wishes for good health.
481. Scar is a skin imperfection caused by the victim in removing needle mark
scabs, added to uncleanness of the victim.
482. School Community can include students, school staff, parents/guardians
and other cares, interested individuals and members of other agencies and
organizations government who work together to achieve the best
educational and personal outcomes for students.
483. School includes any university, college or institution of learning regardless
of the course or course offers.
484. Screening is a measurement tool for the extent of one's addiction (e.g., self-
completion questionnaire/life-history assessment).
485. Screening Test refers to the immunoassay test to eliminate a “negative”
specimen one without the presence of drugs from further consideration and
to identify the presumption positive specimen that requires confirmation or
further testing.
486. Seco Barbital Sodium is a red capsule form known by abusers as reds, red
birds, red devil, and seggy.
487. Secobarbital is a barbiturate derivative of short duration of action; used as
either a sedative or hypnotic.
488. Seconal is commonly used among hospitality girls sudden withdrawal from
these drugs is even more dangerous than opiate withdrawal.
489. Secretary is the secretary of Transportation or Secretary’s deputy.
490. Sedatives and Tranquilizers are those can calm and quiet the nerves and
relieve anxiety without causing depression and clouding of the mind.
491. Sedatives are drugs that produce a mild degree of nonselective depression
of the CNS by decreasing, but not completely stopping, the response of an
individual to all sensory impulses. Are drugs that may produce anxiety and
excitement.
492. Self-Medication Syndrome is found in users and would-be users of drugs
whose sources of information are people or literature other than doctors,
pharmacist and health workers.
493. Sell means the act of giving a dangerous drug, whether for money or any
other material consideration.
494. Service Agent is any individual or organization, not the employer’s
employee, who manages services for this sphere for employers and/or
employees coinciding requirements, demanded by DOT alcohol and drug
testing.
495. Shabu is a Japanese form of drug abuse. It is an amphetamine-type of
stimulation whose chemical use name is Methamphetamine Hydrochloride.
Known as “Kakuseizal”, a Japanese term for waking “Zai” the term drugs.
496. Shen Nung. Around 2,700 B.C., advocated the use of marijuana for certain
stomach disorders.
497. Shipping Container is a volume that is used to transfer the results of drug
tests packed in bottles and supplied by the documents, from the moment of
their collecting to the lab.
498. Short-acting barbiturates take effect within 10 to 20 minutes and last up to
6 hours (Manwong, 2007).
499. Shortcut to Adulthood is when the user is unsure of maturity drinks to
prove himself.
500. Side Effects are secondary effects of a drug; these are usually undesirable.
501. Silver Triangle is composed of Peru, Bolivia, Columbia
502. Singapore, Malaysia, And Thailand are the most favorable sites of drug
distribution from the “Golden Triangle’ and other parts of Asia.
503. Sinsemilla, there a male and female marijuana plants. The flowers of female
marijuana contain the highest concentration of THC. Marijuana grown like
this is called “Sinsemilla” which simply means “no seeds”.
504. Sir Walter Raleigh, from England, he introduced the smoking of tobacco.
505. Situational Users are those who use drugs to keep them awake or for
additional energy to perform important work.
506. Skin Infection and Skin Rashes are oftentimes the drug abuser neglects his
personal hygiene, user’s unsterilized needles and syringe that result in skin
infections or even ulceration at the sites of the needles puncture.
507. Slide Effects are some drugs that are not receptors for one organ but
receptors of other organs as well. The effect in the other organs may
constitute a side effect, which is most of the time unwanted.
508. Snorting is inhalation through the nose of drugs not in gaseous form. It is
performed by inhaling a powder of liquid drug into the nose coats of the
mucous membrane.
509. Social release tensions and inhibitions so the user can tolerate and enjoy
another’s company.
510. Social-Recreational Use is very similar to the experimental-use of drugs
that occurs within social settings and is motivated by a desire to share
pleasurable experiences among friends. Although this type of use tends not
to escalate to other uses, it is more patterned than experimental use.
511. Societal Denial is society's denial of the historical value of drug-induced
pleasure and euphoria.
512. Solvent is a substance capable of dissolving another substance (solute) to
form a uniformly dispersed mixture (solution) at the molecular or ionic size
level.
513. South America, Columbia, Peru, Uruguay, and Panama are the sources of
all cocaine supply in the world.
514. Spain is the major transshipment point for international drug traffickers in
Europe known as “the paradise of the drug users in Europe” (Manwong,
2002).
515. Specimen Bottle is a volume for liquid (urine) which has certain badges and
labels coinciding with operations in the sphere of drug testing, which is
used to keep the urine sample during its transmitting to the laboratory.
516. Specimen refers to the body fluid that is collected from a person.
517. Split Specimen, during the process of drug testing a part of the urine sample
is transported to the laboratory and kept closed, it’s also transferred to a
second lab following employee’s request to analyze it due to verify positive
results, or the fact for adulteration, dilution or substitution of primary
sample.
518. Spree Users are school-age users who take drugs for “kicks”; an
adventurous daring experience, or as a means of fun.
519. Stand-Down is a procedure of removing an employee from his job place
with safety-sensitive function for detected by the laboratory’s MRO drugs
or drug metabolites or the fact of test adulteration, dilution or substitution
before the specialist has finished verifying test results.
520. Status is a symbol of success and prestige.
521. Steroids are a group of cyclic, solid unsaturated alcohols (e.g. Cholesterol).
522. Stimulants are drugs that increase alertness, reduce hunger and provide a
feeling of well being. Cocaine and amphetamines are the most common
stimulants. These are drugs that increase alertness and motor activity and,
at the same time, reduce fatigue, allowing the individual to remain awake
for an extended period of time. It can cause weight loss, increased
respiration and heart rate, blurred vision, and anxiety when snorted,
injected, smoked, or swallowed in capsule, tablet, or pill form.
523. STP is a take-off on the motor oil additive. It is a chemical derivative of
mescaline claimed to produce more violent and longer effects than
mescaline dose.
524. Straight-Edge is a term for people who don’t use drugs.
525. Street or Rock is a large piece of cocaine hydrochloride.
526. Strychnine is an alkaloid found together with the less active brucine in the
seed of Strychnos nux-vomica, a tree indigenous to India. It is a potent
central nervous system stimulant and convulsion, acting by the selective
blockage of postsynaptic neuronal inhibition.
527. Sublingual are drugs that enter the blood through the membranes under the
tongue.
528. Substance Abuse is the use of alcohol or drugs that results in adverse effects
on the user. Substance abuse is a major health and social problem in the
United States among adolescents.
529. Substance Abuse Professional (SAP) is an individual, who determines
employees, who have infringed DOT alcohol or drug regulation and
recommends the ways of education, following testing, treatment, and post-
treatment care.
530. Substituted Specimen is a sample with creatinine and other specific
characteristics which are so lessened that they can’t be compared with
normal human urine characteristics.
531. Substitution is the change in the primary drug, which is thought to an
agent from a different drug class, for example, if the first drug were an SSRI,
switch to bupropion, reboxetine, or benlafaxine.
532. Super Mushroom is the newest drug used as a substitute for ecstasy. Same
as marijuana.
533. Supervisory-Deterrent Model is the supervisory-deterrent models are
actually methods of controlling drug use. In doing so, they eventually result
in a reduction of drug abusers.
534. Supply Reduction Strategy refers to the concept of keeping drugs away
from potential drug USERS (Garcia, 2013).
535. Suppositories are the drug is administered through vagina or rectum in a
suppository forum and the drug will also be absorbed into the bloodstream.
536. Synergism is the greater effect that results when one takes more than one
drug simultaneously.
537. Synthetic/Artificial Form is produced by clandestine laboratories which
include drugs that are controlled by law because they are used in the
medical practice.
538. Tar is the brownish viscous substance known to be cancer-causing
component of tobacco smoking.
539. Tardive Dyskinesia is a syndrome of long-standing or permanent abnormal
involuntary movements that are most commonly caused by the long term
use of typical antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs.
540. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most active and are considered
responsible for the hallucinogenic effect of marijuana. THC contains the
highest concentration of the drug. A psychoactive agent of marijuana. Also
known as the sinister element” in marijuana.
541. Therapeutic Community is a setting where people with similar issues can
meet to support each other's recovery.
542. Therapeutic Dependence is a patients’ tendency to demonstrate drug-
seeking behaviors because they fear withdrawal symptoms.
543. Thomas Sydenham (1660s) is an English physician mixed opium with
alcohol to produce laudanum the widely used Victorian cure-all.
544. Titration is the gradual adjustment of the amount of a drug.
545. Tobacco is generally considered a drug and thus be classed as an
unrecognized drug. Tobacco, however, holds such a distinct position in
terms of usage patterns, economic importance and health consequences that
it merits a category to itself.
546. Tolerance, as used in drug education is the tendency to increase the dosage
of drugs/ medicine to maintain the same effect in the body. It is also a state
that develops after long-term exposure to a drug. Metabolic tolerance infers
a faster removal and oxidation by the liver. Functional tolerance infers a
change in the sensitivity of the organ to the effects of the drug.
547. Topical refers to the application of drugs directly to a body site such as the
skin and the mucous membrane.
548. Toxic Dose is the amount of drug that produces untoward effects or
symptoms of poisoning.
549. Toxic or Toxin is a component with a poisoning effect that can be dangerous
for living cells in the organism. Toxins can be taken to the organism from
the environment (with alcohol, drugs or pollution) or they can be the result
of chemical reactions in the body connected with waste components of
metabolism.
550. Toxicity is a degree of poisonousness.
551. Toxicology is commonly known as the science of poisons, their effects, and
antidotes.
552. Trading is the transactions involving the illegal trafficking of dangerous
drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals using electronic
devices such as, but not limited to, text messages, email, mobile or
landlines, two – way radios, internet, instant messengers and chat rooms or
acting as a broker in any of such transactions whether for money or any
other consideration in violation of this Act.
553. Traditional is a social and religious functions.
554. Trafficking is the third link that pertains to the surreptitious movement and
delivery of dangerous drugs from clandestine laboratories to the wholesale
markets.
555. Tranquilizer is a type of drug that can help relieve the symptoms of severe
psychosis.
556. Treatment is a medical service rendered to a client for the effective
management of his total condition related to drug abuse. It deals with the
physiological and psychosocial complications arising from drug abuse.
557. Trigger is anything that results in psychological and then physical relapse.
558. Ultra short barbiturates take effect within 45 seconds and last up to 30
minutes (Manwong, 2007).
559. Uncontrollable Craving is the feeling/craving of an addict to take the drug
repeatedly and tries to produce the same by any means.
560. Unrecognized Drugs are commercial products that have psychoactive drug
effects but are not usually considered drugs. These substances are not
generally regulated by law except insofar as standards of sanitation and
purity are required.
561. Unstructured Group Therapy is where the role of the therapist can be
assumed by the entire group or group of members (Manwong, 2007).
562. Urge-Peak Cycle is an ongoing urge-peaks, usually followed by relapse.
563. Urge-Peak is a sudden, unpredictable increase in addiction cravings; they
usually involve temporary mental unawareness (e.g. Not realizing the
amount of drinks one has had).
564. Urges are less powerful desires than cravings; can be suppressed by
willpower.
565. Use refers to the act of injecting consuming any dangerous drugs. The
means of introducing the dangerous drug into the physiological system of
the body.
566. User is an outdated term used to describe one who misuses alcohol or
drugs.
567. Various Factors are curiosity, peer-pressure, environmental influence,
boredom, frustration, and desire to escape reality are some other factors to
be considered why people turn to drugs.
568. Vitamin B3 Niacin helps to support normal skin functioning, order of
digestive and nervous system. Lessens the level of triglycerides and
cholesterol in blood. Makes the level or niacin higher. It makes blood
channels wider. It helps to cure dizziness and ding in the ears. Disable
premenstrual headaches. Cure pellagra.
569. Vitamins are those substances necessary for normal growth and
development and proper functioning of the body.
570. Volatile Solvents are gaseous substances popularly known to abusers as
“gas”, “teardrops”.
571. Volatile Substances are sometimes called solvents or Inhalants like glue,
gasoline, ether, paint, thinner, etc.
572. Withdrawal is the abrupt decrease in or removal of one's regular dosage of
a psychoactive substance.
573. Withdrawal Period is from the point of habituation or drug dependence up
to the time a drug dependent is totally or gradually deprived of the drug.
574. Withdrawal Symptoms are severe and excruciating physical and emotional
symptoms that generally occur between 4 to 72 hours after opiate
withdrawal (e.g., watery eyes, yawning, loss of appetite, panic, insomnia,
vomiting, shaking, irritability, jitters, etc.)
575. Withdrawal Syndrome is a combined reactions or behaviors that result from
the abrupt cessation of a drug one is dependent on.
576. Year 1484. Fiat Pope Innocent VIII. Drug Abuse banned the use of cannabis
in Arabs. Religious intolerance was also the driving force for drug
prohibition in Christian Europe. At the time of the crusades, the Arabs were
using marijuana (Garcia, 2013).
577. Year 1974. The Inter-Agency Committee on Drug Prevention Education was
created and played a vital role in the integration of drug abuse prevention
concepts in social action programs (Garcia, 2013).
578. Year 1979. The first International nongovernmental organization conference
was held in Jakarta, Indonesia, followed by the second which was held from
November 3 to 8, 1980 at Manila. After the second conference, the
Philippine council of Non-Governmental Organization was organized
(Garcia, 2013).
579. Year 1988. The United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in
Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances was held further bolstering
anti-drug laws (Garcia, 2013).
580. Zwikker’s Test is an anhydrous methanol solution of the barbiturate upon
several drops of cobalt chloride in methanol solution that gives a bluish
color, which changes to dark blue upon being alkalized with a 5%
isopropylamine in methanol.

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