Map LAYOUT (Output)

Raghunath Jha

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Outline
• Map Design Principles
•Map Layouts
• Scales
• Multiple Maps
• Reports and Graphs on a Layout
• Exporting Maps (pdf, bmp, jpg…)
•Other Map Outputs (Printing)

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MAP BASICS
Geomatics:
An umbrella term for the disciplines that
acquire, manage and manipulate spatial or
geographically referenced data.
Map:
"A two dimensional scaled representation
of a portion of the earth's surface (or any
planet)"

Cartography:
"The art, science and technology of making
maps"
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Types of Maps
There are two broad types of map categories:
a. General purpose (topographic)
• Reference maps are generally used to show the position
and characteristics of hydrography and
topography. Through realistic depiction of visible
elements, these maps show the locations of visible
features of the landscape such as relief, water bodies,
coastlines, and roads.
Examples: base maps, location maps, relief maps, city
maps.
b. Special purpose (thematic)
• Emphasis is placed on a particular element or on the
relationships among several elements.
These maps show the variations of any one or a few map
topics.

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Map Design Principles
•Design maps for appropriate medium
-Print vs. electronic
•Link/create layouts to map purpose
•Planning a layout
•Choose appropriate export options

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Map Layouts

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Map Layouts
Includes all of the elements of a stand alone
map
•Make the map the largest and most prominent
element of the layout
•Put a rectangular boundary around the map
(called a neat line by cartographers) to help
draw attention to it as the central element
•Include a map title
-The title needs to include information
minimally answering the three questions
what, where, and when.

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Map Layouts (Continued)

•Include a legend for symbols placed in the
lower-right or left of the layout
-No need to label it Legend. Everyone will
know what it is (this eliminates “chart junk”)
•Include data sources
•Ensure legibility
•Include a graphic map scale if your audience
is not familiar with the area shown
•Do not include a north arrow unless the top of
your map is not north

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Map Layouts (Continued)
•Occasionally include other components as
needed such as a
-data table listing,
-Table (the attribute table)
-or a photograph

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Other Map Elements
Neatline, Scale, Additional Text, Photos

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Example of a bad map...

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A better map…

Map Scales

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 Scales
Scale represents the amount of reduction compared to the
distances represented on the earth's surface. Without
a scale, a map is not a map, it is a diagram. Scale can
be given in 3 ways:
a. Verbal statement
• For example, 1 cm to 10 km, 1 inch to 1 mile
• Verbal statements are simple to understand, but require a
ruler.
b. Scale bar
• Units can be stated in kilometres (metric) or miles (imperial)
• A scale bar is most useful for graphic reproduction as a bar
scales automatically with printing.
• The left end of the bar can be subdivided in smaller units in
order to provide easier estimation of precise distances.
However, this practice is only appropriate for topographic
maps.
• GIS 15

• c. Representative fraction (RF)

The RF states the amount of reduction as a
fraction or ratio (e.g. 1/100,000 or 1:100,000)
It is therefore free of any specific units (metric
or imperial)
It is used to describe map series (e.g. 1:50,000
), this confuses some people because the
right side of the ratio 'increases' with
decreasing scale (i.e. 1:20,000 is a larger scale
than 1:50,000)
1 cm to 1km is the same as RF =
1:100,000; If RF = 1:250,000 Scale = 1
cm to 2.5 km.
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Conversion between a statement and a
representative fraction
You must get each side of the scale into same
units, for example:

Convert 1 cm to 1 km into RF: 1 cm = 1000m =

100,000 cm RF = 1:100,000

Convert 1:250,000: 1 cm to 250,000 cm =

2500m = 2.5 km Scale is 1 cm to 2.5 km

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General scale categories

Large > 1:70,000
Medium = 70,000 to 400,000
Small < 1:400,000

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 Commonly Used Map Scales

http://id.water.usgs.gov/reference/map_scales.html
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Common scale Map of Nepal

Analysis
Name
) Scale Category
Level
Municipal 1:1200 Cadastral Community

Villages 1:2400 Large Local

1:25000
Topo Map Large Local
1:50,000
District Map 1:125,000 Medium District

Regional 1:250,000 Small Regional

Small
Whole Nepal 1:5,000,000 Nepal

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Large and Small Scale Maps
1:5,000 is large scale 1:50,000,000 is small scale
Large Scale Map Small Scale Map

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USGS Scales

http://www.carolinamapdistributors.com/products/topo/mapscales.htm
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Scale 1:100,000

Scale

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Scale 1:24,000

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Scale 1:10,000

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Scale 1:2,000

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Multiple Maps, Reports, and Graphs

Multiple Maps – Comparing Data

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 Reports and Graphs

Reports on a Layout
Select records to include

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Reports on a Layout
Generate a report

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Reports on a Layout
Add report to the layout

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Graphs on a Layout
Select records to include
Create a graph and include on layout

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Importing Charts
Create graph in excel
Copy and Paste object to layout
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 Exporting Maps

Exporting Maps
Export Images

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Exporting Maps
Export Images

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Exporting Maps
Export PDFs

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Exporting Maps
Copying to PowerPoint
-copy individual objects

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Exporting Maps
Paste into PowerPoint or another application
-paste objects individually

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