EWC 333: Environmental Engineering II: Pour Flush Sanitation Option Design
EWC 333: Environmental Engineering II: Pour Flush Sanitation Option Design
EWC 333: Environmental Engineering II: Pour Flush Sanitation Option Design
Lecture 04:
Pour Flush Sanitation Option Design
• Groundwater protection:
Provision of “thumb rule” for
protection of ground water pollution
(2 m gap with groundwater table, 10 m with water source)
Dr. Md. Mujibur Rahman
Design of “Leach Pit”
for “Pour-flush Latrines”
Important Design Objectives:
Leach pits are designed to achieve the following
important objectives:
(1) “Sufficient Volume” for storage and digestion of
wastes/ fecal solids
(2) “Sufficient Area” for infiltration of liquid part
into the soil
Vi = (π/4). D2.H
and Ai = π.D.H
∴ Vi = (Ai.D) / 4
Or, Vi = (Q.D) / (4 I)
Dr. Md. Mujibur Rahman
Design of “Leach Pit”
Design Effective Pit Volume (Veff):
(a) Alternating Twin-pit Latrine: Vs or Vi, whichever is larger
Design the latrine, estimate its design life, and draw a neat
sketch showing all elements of the designed pour-flush
latrine.
(3) For twin off-set pit latrines, the design life of each pit should
be at least 1.5 to 2.0 years. This ensures that the contents of
the pit decompose to safe, pathogen-free humus (when
covered with soil at the end of its design life)
Hence, initially select a design life (N) = 2.0 years
(any value between 1.5 to 2.0 years is fine)
= 4.52 m2
Area required for infiltration = Ai = 4.0 m2; hence OK
The design life of the pit will be governed by the available storage
volume.
Now, the available storage volume, Vs = 1.357 = CPN = 0.04 x 8 x N
Hence, Design Life, N = 4.24 years (higher than 1.5 years, hence OK)
What can you do to ensure that the “pit” is able to drain/leach the
liquid coming into it.
One option could be to advise the users to use less water. For example,
if water use could be reduced to 9 lpcd (from 10 lpcd), then
Area required for infiltration,
Ai = Q / I
= (63 L/day) / (16 L/m2.day) = 3.94 m2;
which is lower than the area actually available for infiltration (4.1 m2); Hence, OK
Pit volume remaining after 1 year of use as VIP latrine = 1.021 m3 – CPN
= 1.021– 0.06 x 7 x 1 = 0.601 m3
(7) Pit design in “high water table” and “flood prone area”: latrine
with raised pit.