Republic of the Philippines

BILIRAN PROVINCE STATE UNIVERSITY

Naval, Biliran

Telefax No. 053-500-9045

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Name of Proponent : Catherine M. Ebajan

Joy-Rena S. Ochondra

Adviser : Arlene S. Supremo, DM

Designation : Out of School Youth

College and Department : School of Nursing &

Health Sciences Department

I. Identifying Information

A. Title:

“Effects of Disaster to the Coping Strategies of Out-of-School-Youth”

B. Cooperating Agency: Biliran Province State University

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II. Introduction/ Rationale

Our Philippine National Hero Dr. Jose P. Rizal once quoted “Kabataan ang Pag-

asa ng bayan” which means “Youth are the hope of the nation.” They are the one

who makes their own history and making each page of their lives memorable. They

are born to become professionals and law abiding responsible citizen in the country.

Our nation needs youth that is physically, mentally and spiritually strong. Youth that

accepts failures and discouragement in life, but still standing straight and continues

fighting the challenges in life with a smile on their faces. Thus, this study was

conceived within the context of increasing incidence of mental health challenges

observed among Out of School Youth in the Philippines. Having a threshold of Middle

to Late Youth Adolescence from ages 16 to 22 years old. Supplemental Research

Bulletin that focuses on mental health and substance use (behavioral health)

conditions in youth adolescents following the exposure to natural disasters, such as

typhoons, earthquakes and pandemic. Each year, natural disasters affect an average

of 224 million individuals worldwide.

Researchers have found mental health problems and conditions including

depression, anxiety, and general distress in disaster survivors of all ages. These

domains include dissociation, cognition, attachment, self-concept, behavioral control,

and they should be considered, along with developmental stage, in the aftermath of a

disaster.

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 Based on the Regional Unified Health Research Agenda it ensures that health

research is linked to the health system needs and opportunities. It directs

investments in health research towards upholding the national interest that stimulates

national, local and international partnerships and networks for health research and

development.

The researchers abide the same expectation as stated on RURHA in Poblacion

Almeria.

Being an important social citizen, we must be able to create a social environment

in order to foster better mental wellbeing and quality of life among its youth.

This research sought to examine the relationship among youth involvement,

mental health and quality of life among out of school youth in the Philippines

particularly in Poblacion Almeria.

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III. OBJECTIVES

A. General Objectives

Generally, these study will explore the effects of disaster to the coping

strategies of Out-of-School Youth.

B. Specific Objectives:

1) To determine the profile of Out-of-School Youth, in terms of:

1.1 Name

1.2 Age

1.4 Civil Status

1.5 Financial Status

2) To determine the effects of disaster to the Out-of-School Youth in terms of

pandemic.

3) To determine the coping strategies of Out-of-School Youth.

4) To craft interventions scheme to the effects of disaster in coping strategies

of the Out-of-School-Youth.

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Hypotheses

There is no significant relationship between effects of disaster to the coping

strategies of Out-of-School Youth.

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 IV. Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework

A. Theoretical Framework

This study, is anchored to the theory of stress and coping. The Lazarus

stress theory has undergone several essential revisions (cf. Lazarus 1991, Lazarus and

Folkman 1984, Lazarus and Launier 1978). In the latest version, stress is regarded as a

relational concept, i.e., stress is not defined as a specific kind of external stimulation nor

a specific pattern of physiological, behavioral, or subjective reactions. Instead, stress is

viewed as a relationship (`transaction') between individuals and their environment.

Furthermore, the theory Psychological Stress and the Coping Process

(1966), Lazarus presented an elegant integration of previous research on stress, health,

and coping that placed a person’s appraisal of a stressor at the centre of the stress

experience. How an individual appraises a stressor determines how he or she copes

with or responds to the stressor. Whether or not a stressor is experienced as

discomforting is influenced by a variety of personal and contextual factors including

capacities, skills and abilities, constraints, resources, and norms (Mechanic, 1978).

Lazarus and Folkman (1984) unpacked the concept of interpretation further in their

model of stress appraisal, which includes primary, secondary, and reappraisal

components “The Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping”.

Primary appraisal involves determining whether the stressor poses a threat.

Secondary appraisal involves the individual’s evaluation of the resources or coping

strategies at his or her disposal for addressing any perceived threats. The process of

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reappraisal is ongoing and involves continually reappraising both the nature of the

stressor and the resources available for responding to the stressor.

In this study, when faced with a depressor, an Out of School Youth

evaluates the potential threat (primary appraisal). Primary appraisal is an Out of

School Youth’s judgment about the significance of an event as depression, stressful,

positive, controllable, challenging or irrelevant.

Facing a depressor, the second appraisal follows, which is an assessment

of the Out of School Youth coping resources and options. Secondary appraisals

address what one can do about the situation. Actual coping efforts aimed at

regulation of the problem give rise to outcomes of the coping process.

To establish focus for the study, it was delimited to causes effects of

disaster and the effects of coping mechanisms as experienced by an Out of

School Youth in Poblacion Almeria.

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B. Conceptual Framework

Youth Respondent’s Profile

& Background: DISASTER
COPING
a. Name EFFECTS:STRATEGIES:
b. Age  Anxiety/ Emotional
 depression
 approach
Unemployment
c. Civil Status
 Religious approach
Healthproblem
d. Gender
 Financial Social aspect
 problem
e. Financial Status  Physical approach

Figure-I. Conceptual Framework of the OUT-OF-SCHOOL-YOUTH

Study
The focus of this study is to assess the

coping strategies of the Out-of-School-Youth to the effects of disaster in Poblacion

Almeria. To attain the objectives underscored by the researcher, the different variables

were laid out and given emphasis, highlighted by the main concepts and constructs

derived from identified theory.

According to Lazarus and Folkman’s transactional theory of stress and coping,

individuals are constantly appraising stimuli within their environment. This appraisal

process generates emotions, and when stimuli are appraised as threatening,

challenging, or harmful (i.e., stressors), the resultant distress initiates coping strategies

to manage emotions or attempt to directly address the stressor itself. Coping processes

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produce an outcome (i.e., a change to the person–environment relationship), which is

reappraised as favorable, unfavorable, or unresolved.

As presented in the figure, the researcher will gather the necessary data such as

the profile of the respondents as to their age, gender, civil status and financial status.

This figure shows the effects of disaster in the coping strategies of the Out-of-School-

Youth.

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 V. METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design

This study uses a Descriptive-Correlation Research Design aims to accurately

and systematically describe and compare the situation or phenomenon. It can answer
what, when, where and how questions, but not why. This design can use a variety of
wide research methods to investigate one or more variables, it has the following
components: purpose(s), theory, research, questions, methods, sampling strategy for
conducting research. This research design is suitable in seeking new insights, asking
questions, generating ideas, understand people, events, situations and formulates
hypotheses for future researches.
The study utilized a quantitative descriptive-correlational design. Study will be
administered to Out of School Youth in any form of gender and categorized as the
respondents. Results suggest that involvement in any organization was correlated to
depression levels, general positive affect and life satisfaction. Social interactions with
entities in school and outside school were also related with quality of life. All
subscales of mental health were associated with quality of life among the
respondents. This vision points out to the importance of each youth individual as well
as the need for further research on Effects of Disaster to the Coping Strategies Out-
of-School Youth.

B. Research Locale

The study will be conducted in Poblacion Almeria. The researcher chooses

Poblacion Almeria as the locale of the study because it is easier to gather data in our
situation during this pandemic.
Almeria, officially the Municipality of Almeria (Waray: Bungto san Almeria;
Cebuano: Lungsod sa Almeria; Tagalog: Bayan ng Almeria), is a 5th class

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municipality in the province of Biliran, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it
has a population of 16,951 people.

C. Research Instrument

The researchers will send the instrument via Messenger and Facebook. Using
the simple random sampling method, the researchers will identify the respondents
who would be made respondents in this study. The questionnaire will be fielded to
each respondent with the help of the internet and social media platforms. The
research instrument will be divided into four (4) parts. Part-I will require the Out of
School Youths-respondents to give their profile in terms of names, gender, age, civil
status and financial status.

Part-II will be a checklist of pre-identified Causes of Depression commonly met by the

respondents. Each item had four (4) options, to wit: Always, Sometimes, Seldom, and
Never.

Part-III will be another 10-item checklist of pre-identified Effects of Depression

commonly experienced by the respondents. Each item had four (4) options, to wit:
Always, Sometimes, Seldom, and Never.

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 Part-IV will be another 10-item checklist of pre-identified Depression Coping
Mechanisms that the respondents usually resort to in trying to cope with their
depressions. Each item had four (4) options, to wit: Always, Sometimes, Seldom, and
Never.

D. Target Respondents

The researchers will determine the Out-of-School-Youth as respondents from

Poblacion Almeria, the researchers will refer the assistant of Ministry of Social Welfare

Development (MSWD) with regards to the Out-of-School-Youth to answer the fixed

questions being provided.

Generally, all Out of School Youth, regardless of their classification pointed out that

expectations, health, family problems, bullying, lack of guidance, the outlet of their

problem, poverty and failures in life were their main depressors. These patterns can be

monitored to maintain the psychological and physical well-being of adolescent Out of

School Youth.

E. Data Collection

The researchers will personally retrieve and gather the questionnaires through
Messenger and Facebook that will tabulate the results and subject the data to
statistical treatment.

The gathering of data needs a lot of patience since it requires scientific methods
of processes. To ensure that the gathering of data would be successful and effective,
the researchers followed organized steps.

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 1. Planning. The researchers will decide when to conduct the gathering of data.
2. Preparation. After setting the date, the researchers prepare all the materials
needed for the interview and informed consent form and questionnaires.
3. Ask Permission. The researchers ask permission to the participants to gather
information needed for the study.
4. Interview. After asking permissions, the researchers will conduct an interview to
gather more information through phone calls or text messages.
5. Examination. The researchers will examine the gathered data about the study to
test whether there are errors or mistakes.
6. Finalizing. When the gathered data are well examined, the researchers will
finalize the information needed for the study.

F. Data processing and analysis

The data in this study will be analyze as through Completeness, Correctness and
Consistency of the result from the instrument being reproduce through internet and
social media platforms. Descriptive-Correlation Research Design aims to accurately
and systematically describe and compare the situation or phenomenon. The
researchers will identify, examine and record patterns to the data that will be
gathered.

.
G. Ethical considerations

The respondents of the research will be provided with informed consents

indicating the purpose of the research, the potential benefits and harm of the

research towards them and ensure their complete anonymity throughout the

research. The researcher will address issues such as honestly, objectivity, respect,

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for intellectual properly, social responsibility, confidentiality, non-discrimination and

others.

VI. Time Frame

February– Research Proposal Approval

March– Questionnaire/ Tool and Data Collection

April – Data Analysis and Finalization

May– Defense

VII. Budgetary Requirements

1. Supplies and Materials P1,000.00

2. Book bind P 1,000.00

3. Printing P 1,000.00

4. Miscellaneous P 1,000.00

P 4,000.00

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 Bibliography

Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S. (1988). Coping as a mediator of emotion. Journal of

Personal and Social Psycholog,. 54, 466-75.

Duque, F.T., M.D., M.Sc. (2007). Health Guide 13th Edition, 2007-2008. Philippines:

Medi Marketing, Inc.

Elisson, L. (1990). Education Management for the 1990s, Longman, Harlow.

Sevilla, C.G., et.al., (1988). General Psychology with Values Development Lessons.

Rex Publishing Co., Inc, Rex Bookstore, Quezon City.

Landy, F.J., (1987). Psychology The Science of People, Second Edition. Prentice-

Hall, Inc., NJ.

Lahey, B.B., Psychology: An Introduction, The McGraw-Hills Companies, Inc.

Aquino, D.R. (1991). Determinants of Occupational Stress and Depression:

Personality and Coping Behaviour as Moderators. Unpublished Master’s Thesis.

College of Education. University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City.

Baluyot, R. C. (1999). Adolescent Experiences of Stress, Depression and Coping

Strategies of Students in the University of San Carlos Girls High School: Basis for a

Proposed Stress Management Program. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. University of

San Carlos, Cebu City.

Page 15 of 20
Basibas, T.A. (2000). Stress, Job Satisfaction and Performance of the Faculty in the

UEP System. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. University of Eastern Philippines,

Catarman, Northern Samar.

Blona, R. (2005). Coping with Stress and Depression in a Changing World. The

McGraw Hills Companies. Inc.

Brown, M. and Sue, R., (1994). Managing Stress and Depression in Schools

Effective Strategies for Teachers, Northcote House Publishers Ltd.,

Grandea, S.J. (2006). Depression and Coping Mechanism of College Freshmen of

Southville International School and Colleges as a Basis of a Focus Area in Wellness

Program. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Pamantasang Lungsod ng Maynila,

Intramuros, Manila.

Myers, D.G., (1995). Psychology. Fourth Edition, Worth Publishers, New York.

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 APPENDIX A

Instrument - 1: Respondent’s Profile

Name:
Age:
Civil Status
Financial Status

Instrument - 2: Causes of Depression (COD)

How frequently you experience these Causes of College Students Out of School Youth
Depression? Interpretation Interpretation
Write: Always, Sometimes, Seldom, Never.
Death of Loved one
Natural Disaster
Failures in Life (Exams, Mistakes, Expectations, etc.)
Poor Health
Home Responsibilities
Family Problems
Bullying
Love Life
Friends
Vices

Instrument - 3: Effects of Depression (EOD)

How frequently you experience these Effects of College Students Out of School Youth
Depression? Interpretation Interpretation
Write: Always, Sometimes, Seldom, Never.
Suicide (Death)
Hypertension
Irritable (Moody, Anger Management)
Absent Minded

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Overdosed on Drugs
Nervousness, Scared, Tense or Feeling Hopeless
Lack of Appetite
Physically Weak
Shy
Insecure

Instrument -4: Depression Coping Mechanism (DCM)

How frequently you experience this Depression College Students Out of School Youth
Coping Mechanism? Interpretation Interpretation
Write: Always, Sometimes, Seldom, Never.
Hangout w/ Friends
Drugs
Talk to Special Someone/Family
Consult a Counsellor/ Psychologist
Listen to Music & Arts
Engage to Dancing
Take Medicines
Pray to God
Hide the reactions/feelings
Control the emotions

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 Data – 1: Respondent’s Profile
Financial Location/Place of
No. Names: Sex Age Skills/Talents Civil Status Classification
Status Residence:
1.

2.

3.

30.

Data - 2: Causes of Depression (COD)

Causes of 15 College Students 15 Out of School Youth
Depression No. Mean Rank Interpretation No. Mean Rank Interpretation
Death of Loved one
Natural Disaster
Failures in Life
(Exams, Mistakes,
Expectations, etc.)
Poor Health
Home
Responsibilities
Family Problems
Bullying
Love Life
Friends
Vices
TOTAL (COD)

Data - 3: Effects of Depression (EOD)

Causes of 15 College Students 15 Out of School Youth
Depression No. Mean Rank Interpretation No. Mean Rank Interpretation
Suicide (Death)
Hypertension
Irritable (Moody,
Anger
Management)
Absent Minded
Overdosed on Drugs
Nervousness,
Scared, Tense or

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Feeling Hopeless
Lack of Appetite
Physically Weak
Shy
Insecure
TOTAL (EOD)

Data - 4: Depression Coping Mechanism (DCM)

Causes of 15 College Students 15 Out of School Youth
Depression No. Mean Rank Interpretation No. Mean Rank Interpretation
Hangout w/ Friends
Drugs
Talk to Special
Someone/Family
Consult a
Counselor/
Psychologist
Listen to Music &
Arts
Engage to Dancing
Take Medicines
Pray to God
Hide the
reactions/feeling
Control the
emotions
TOTAL (DCM)

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