Unit 1 Drawings

Unit 1: Drawings
Dr. Jawdat Abu Taha

Technical English
Islamic University of Gaza
2020-2021
Vocabulary
detail ‫التفاصيل‬
Elevation ‫ارتفاع‬ Exploded View is technical
General arrangement (GA) ‫الترتيب العام‬ drawing of an object, that
Plan ‫خطة‬ shows the relationship or
Scale ‫مقياس‬ order of assembly of various
Schematic ‫تخطيطي‬ parts.
Section ‫الجزء‬
oblique projection ‫إسقاط منحرف‬
Isometric projection ‫اإلسقاط متساوي القياس‬
2
Outline
A. Drawing types and scales
B. Types of views used on drawings
In engineering, most design information is shown on drawings.
Today, drawings are generally not drawn by hand. They are
produced on computer, using CAD (computer-aided design)
systems.
4
A key factor on a drawing is the scale - that is, the size of items
on the drawing in relation to their real size. When all the items
on a drawing are shown relative to their real size, the drawing is
drawn to scale, and can be called a scale drawing.
An example of a scale is 1:10 (one to ten). At 1:10, an object

with a length of 100 mm in real life would measure 10 mm on
the drawing.
5
Most engineering designs consist of a set of drawings (a number
of related drawings):
❑ General arrangement (GA) drawings show whole devices or
structures, using a small scale. This means objects on the drawing
are small, relative to their real size (for example, a 1:100 drawing
of an entire building).
❑ Detail drawings show parts in detail, using a large scale, such as
1:5 or 1:2. Small parts are sometimes shown in a detail as actual
size (1:1), or can be enlarged to bigger than actual size (for
example, 2:1).
6
For electrical circuits, and pipe and duct networks, it is helpful to
show designs in a simplified form. In this case, schematic
drawings (often referred to as schematics) are used. An
everyday example is the map of a train network.
Notes: When written, drawing is often abbreviated to dwg.
7
Technicians are discussing different views shown on drawings
(looking at components from above, from the side, etc.), as they
search for the information they require.
▪ We need a view from above showing -the general arrangement

of all of -the roof panels - a plan of -the whole area.
▪ According "to this list, -there are of all elevation four sides of -
the machine on drawing 28. So one of Those should show the
front of the machine.
8
▪ There should be a section Through the pipe, showing
the valve Inside, on drawing 36.
▪ We need an exploded view of -the mechanism,
showing -the components spaced out.
▪ It's hard "to visualize This assembly, based on two-
dimensional elevations and sections. It would be
clearer if we had a three-dimensional view, as either
an oblique projection or an Isometric projection.
9
Appendix I Three-dimensional drawings
An oblique projection shows an
object with one of its faces at
the front. The 3D shape of the
object is shown by lines at 45
degrees from the horizontal.
10
An isometric projection
shows an object with one
of its corners at the front.
The 3D shape of the
object is shown by lines at
30 degrees from the
horizontal.
11
An exploded view shows an assembly with its components
spaced out, to show how the components fit together.
12
Exercise
1.1 Complete the sentences. Look at A opposite to help you
1. Enlarged drawings show components larger than their ........... .
2 For engineering drawings, 1:5 is a commonly used ..........................
3 Whole machines or structures are shown on ............................ drawings.
4 Electrical drawings don't usually show sizes. They're shown as ............. .
5 A ......................... of drawings for a large project can consist of hundreds of pages.
6 Most drawings are produced on computers, using .................... software.
13
Exercise
1.2 Match the descriptions (1-6) with the names of views used on
drawings (a-f). Look at B opposite and Appendix I on page 98 to
help you.
14
Exercise
1.3 Write the full forms, in words, of the abbreviations and
shortened terms below. Look at A and B opposite and Appendix I
on page 98 to help you.
1 general arrangement
2 computer-aided design
3 drawing
4 three-dimensional
5 cross-section
6 one to fifty
15
Exercise
1.4 Complete the sentences, taken from conversations about drawings, using
the words and abbreviations in the box. Look at A and B opposite
1 section
2 GA
3 plan
4 elevation
5 3D
6 schematic
7 scale
8 detail
Basil Hamed 16
End of
Uint One

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Unit 1: Drawings

Dr. Jawdat Abu Taha

An example of a scale is 1:10 (one to ten). At 1:10, an object

Notes: When written, drawing is often abbreviated to dwg.

▪ We need a view from above showing -the general arrangement

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