Transmissoin & Iterconnection Transmissioin Handbook
Transmissoin & Iterconnection Transmissioin Handbook
Transmissoin & Iterconnection Transmissioin Handbook
Applicability
The applicable protective standards of this section apply to all Generators
interconnecting to any portion of the PG&E’s Transmission Power System. These
standards, which govern the design, construction, inspection and testing of protective
devices, have been developed by PG&E to be consistent with Applicable Regional
Reliability Criteria1 and to include appropriate CAISO consultation. The CAISO, in
consultation with PG&E, may designate certain new or existing protective devices as
CAISO Grid Critical Protective Systems. Such systems have special CAISO
requirements, e.g., for installation and maintenance, as described in the CAISO Tariff
Section 25 and the Transmission Control Agreement between PG&E and the CAISO,
Section 8.
In the future, the CAISO may develop its own standards or requirements applicable to
certain interconnections, and also will review and comment on interconnection requests
to the CAISO Controlled Grid. Refer to the Introduction of this handbook.
In addition, for Generation Entities connecting directly to a Third Party: A third
party must coordinate with the CAISO, PG&E (as the Transmission Owner), and the
Generation Entity, as needed, to ensure that any CAISO Controlled Grid Critical
Protective Systems, including relay systems, are installed and maintained in order to
function on a coordinated and complementary basis with the protective systems of the
Generation Entity and the PG&E Power System, in accordance with the CAISO Tariff
Section 4 and the CAISO-UDC Agreement, both available on the CAISO website.
When interconnecting to the Bulk Energy System: When connecting to the Bulk
Energy System (BES), as defined by NERC then, all protective systems, including the
station dc supply (e.g. batteries) associated with protective functions, must follow all
NERC requirements.
Rules on Tapping Transmission Lines - Effective January 1, 2016, tapping a
transmission line, on PG&E owned lines, for new load and generation interconnections
is not permitted on the PG&E system for 100 kV and above. The required method of
interconnecting new load/generation is via a new or existing substation. If a new
transition switching station is required in-lieu of a tap, on a PG&E owned line, then the
new station must be owned, operated and maintained by PG&E. Effective January 1,
1 See Glossary for more information. NERC reliability standards for transmission voltage levels of 100kV
and above require the use of two separate voltage and current sources to be connected to the primary
and alternate line protective relays respectively. Conformance to WECC and NERC standards are
required for interconnections above 100kV voltage levels.
2019, tapping 3rd party transmission lines owned, operated and maintained by a 3rd
party are restricted, and exceptions may or may not be allowed upon review of standby
load agreements being served through non-PG&E facilities and installation of PG&E
interconnection requirements required to safely and reliably interconnect the project.
The Table G2-0 summarizes the rules for tapping transmission lines for load or
generation.
Table G2-0
RULES FOR TAPPING TRANSMISSION LINES
Submittals: Table G2-1 shows the documents that must be submitted for review
before any agreements are executed.
Table G2-1
Document Submittals
2. Single Line Meter and Relay Mandatory (PG&E must approve prior to
Diagrams2 relay and major equipment purchase)
Leased Circuits: It is critical to the project schedule that the required leased circuits are
ordered many months in advance of the operational date. In Appendix F the timeframes
are provided for different types of circuits and services. These are approximate lead
times since each facility will have to be evaluated by the telephone company to
determine the availability of adequate cable pair facilities for the required service. If the
requisite cable plant is not available, the project timeline may be extended 6 to 12
months. The required leased circuits must be in place before a company may generate
electricity into the PG&E power grid3.
Test Reports: The Generation Entity must provide PG&E with test reports (Form G2-2)
for the particular types of protective devices applied as outlined in Tables G2-1a and
2 Refer to Appendix F for recommendations and requirements associated with pilot protection.
3 Communication-assisted protection tests include end-to-end satellite testing of the protection and
communication between the interconnected terminals as a system. See Appendix F for more
information.
G2-1b 30 days before PG&E will allow the facility to parallel and every six years after
that. Where tele-protection is utilized, the communication circuits must be tested, and
the scheme operation functionally verified prior to release for commercial operation.
G2.2. Reliability and Redundancy
The Generation Entity shall design the protection system with enough redundancy that
the failure of any one component will still permit the Generation Entity’s facility to be
isolated from the PG&E Power System under a fault condition. Multi-function three-
phase protective relays must have redundant relay(s) for back-up. Each redundant
relay must have a separate current and voltage source. This can be accomplished via
redundant CT’s and a dual wound potential device where each winding is connected to
its perspective relay. For generation relay voltage inputs a single voltage source may
be used for both relays. An example of relays requiring redundancy would be the intertie
breaker and the main customer transformer protection. The redundant relay can be from
the same manufacture and model number. PG&E strongly recommends against using
fuses for protection of DC control and protection circuits, since they could fail open
without indication resulting in disabling of protection and controls including breaker
tripping. If fuses are used in trip circuits, trip coil monitoring and alarming must be used.
Other Requirements:
The Generation Entity must install a disconnect device or switch with generation
interrupting capability at the Point of Interconnection (POI).
Generally, fault-interrupting equipment should be located as close to the interconnection
point as possible - typically within one span of overhead line or 200 feet of unspliced
underground cable.
NOTE
Monitoring of the DC battery voltage by a separate voltage relay or through a
charger that provides a critical alarm to a 24/7/365 monitoring system is required
per NERC. For installations that are too small to have SCADA, then an
annunciated alarm with strobe light with audible alarm can be substituted.
PG&E’s written approval is required for any other alarm notification methods.
All proposed relay specifications must be submitted to PG&E for approval prior to
ordering. Line protection relays must come from PG&E’s approved list (See Tables G2-
4 and G2-5). Generation protection relays can come from PG&E’s approved list (Tables
G2-4 and G2-5) or the Generation Entity can have testing performed to qualify relays in
accordance with the Appendix R - “Protective Relay Requirements and Approvals”. Any
required qualified tests shall be performed at the Generation Entity’s expense and prior
to PG&E approval of the relay for interconnection use. PG&E approval does not
indicate the quality or reliability of a product or service, and endorsements or warranties
shall not be implied. If the entity wants to use a relay not on the PG&E approved list
(Tables G2-4 and G2-5) the entity should allow additional time for testing and PG&E’s
written approval.
If transfer trip protection is required by PG&E, the Generation Entity shall provide all
required communication circuits at its expense. A communication circuit may be a
leased line from the telephone company, a dedicated cable, microwave, or a fiber optic
circuit and shall be designed with sufficient levels of monitoring of critical
communication channels and associated equipment. PG&E will determine the
appropriate communication medium to be used on a case-by-case basis. The leased
phone line or dedicated communication network must have high-voltage protection
equipment on the entrance cable so the transfer trip equipment will operate properly
during fault conditions. (Refer to Appendix F for a detailed description of protection
requirements and associated transfer trip equipment and communications circuits
monitoring.)
The PG&E transmission system and the distribution network system are designed for
high reliability by having multiple sources and paths to supply customers. Due to the
multiple sources and paths, more complex protection schemes are required to properly
detect and isolate the faults. The addition of any new generation facility to the PG&E
Power System or continued operation of an existing generator must not degrade the
existing protection and control schemes or cause existing PG&E customers to suffer
lower levels of safety and/or reliability (see Electric Rule 2).
Many portions of the PG&E Power System have provisions for an alternate feed. In
some locations, the generation cannot be allowed on line while being fed from an
alternate source due to protection problems. Whenever possible, the Generation Entity
will be given the option of paying for any required upgrades so that they can stay on line
while transferred to the alternate source or not paying for upgrades and accepting
shutdowns when transferred to the alternate source.
Table G2-1a lists the minimum protection that PG&E typically uses on its own
installations. Higher voltage interconnections require additional protection due to the
greater potential for adverse impact to system stability, and the greater number of
customers who would be affected. Special cases such as distribution-level network
interconnections, if acceptable, may have additional requirements. The acceptability
and additional requirements of these interconnection proposals shall be determined by
PG&E on a case-by-case basis.
Table G2-1a
Line Protection Devices4 5 6
44kV,
Line Protection Device Device3 34.5kV 60kV
Number or or 115kV 230kV
less 70kV
Phase Overcurrent (Radial systems) 50/51 X X
Ground Overcurrent (Radial systems) 50/51N X X
Phase Directional Overcurrent 67 X1 X
Ground Directional Overcurrent or 67N X1 X X
Transformer Neutral 50/51N
Distance Relay Zone 1 (phase and 21Z1 / X1 X1 X
ground elements where applicable) 21 Z1N
Distance Relay Zone 2 (phase and 21Z2 / X1 X1 X
ground elements where applicable) 21 Z2N
Distance Relay Carrier 21Z2C X1 X
Ground Directional Overcurrent Carrier 67NC X1 X
Distance Relay Carrier Block 21Z3C X1 X
Pilot Wire, Current differential, and Phase 87L/78 X1 X
Comparison
Permissive Overreaching Transfer Trip 21/67T X1 X
(POTT) or Hybrid
Direct Transfer Trip TT X2 X2 X2 X2
Notes:
1. May be required on transmission or distribution interconnections depending on
local circuit configurations, as determined by PG&E.
2. Transfer trip may be required on transmission-level or distribution-level
interconnections depending on PG&E circuit configuration and loading, as
determined by PG&E. Typically, transfer trip shall be required if PG&E
determines that a generation facility cannot detect and trip on PG&E end-of-line
faults within an acceptable time frame, or if the generation facility may be
capable of keeping a PG&E line energized with the PG&E source disconnected.
It should be noted for most PV generating facilities line phase fault detection is
not feasible therefore DTT will be required (Appendix F).
3. Refer to Table G2-1 for device number definitions and functions.
4. Line protection application is a function of the power system parameters and
equivalent sources to which equipment are interconnected given the rating of the
equipment being installed for interconnection purposes.
5. All relays must have 5A nominal AC input current.
6. For microprocessor relays, with directional elements that block operation on Loss
of Potential (LOP), then another protection element must be enabled. PG&E’s
written approval is required.
Table G2-1b
Generator Protection Devices
Device1 40 kW 41 kW 401
Generator Protection Device Number or to kW
Less 400 and
kW Larger
Phase Overcurrent 50/51 X2 X2
Overvoltage 59 X X X
Undervoltage 27 X3 X X
Overfrequency 81O X X X
Underfrequency 81U X X X
Ground Fault Sensing Scheme (Utility Grade) 51N X4 X
Overcurrent With Voltage Restraint/Voltage 51V9 X5 X
Control or Impedance Relay 219
Reverse Power Relay (No Sale) 329 X6 X6 X6
Notes:
1. Refer to Table G2-1 for device number definitions and functions.
2. Overcurrent protection must be able to detect a line-end fault condition. A phase
instantaneous overcurrent relay that can see a line fault under sub-transient
conditions is required. This is not required if a 51V relay is used.
G2.5.4.1. General:
The ground fault sensing scheme detects PG&E Power System ground
faults and trips the generator breaker or the generating facility’s main
circuit breaker, thus preventing the Generation Entity's generator from
continuously contributing to a ground fault. This scheme must be able to
detect faults between the PG&E system side of the dedicated transformer
and the end of PG&E's line. The following transformer connections, along
with appropriate relaying equipment, are commonly used to detect system
ground faults:
• System side - grounded wye; generator side - delta
• System side - grounded wye; generator side - wye; tertiary - delta
Special Case for Load Entities Adding Generation: For load entities
adding generation to their facility and the existing transformer is delta
connected on the high voltage side, then an over voltage evaluation must
be performed to ensure the facility and neighboring facilities don’t create
over voltage conditions. Studies and mitigations to prevent over voltage
are at the cost of the facility owners. PG&E’s written approval is required.
The impedance of a dedicated transformer limits fault currents on the generator bus
from the PG&E Power System and limits fault currents on the PG&E Power System
from the generator. Hence, it reduces the potential damage to both parties due to
faults. It also must have a delta winding to reduce the generator harmonics entering the
PG&E Power System. The delta winding will also reduce the PG&E Power System
harmonics entering the generation facility.
A high-side fault-interrupting device is required for transformer protection. A three-
phase circuit breaker is recommended.
Lightning arrestors, if the Generation Entity chooses to install them, must be installed
between the transformer and the fault-interrupting devices and be encompassed by the
generator’s relay protection zone.
disconnect device is required; it shall not have a PG&E lock and may be
operated by the Generation Entity.
G2.7.3. Specifications
• Disconnect switches must be rated for the voltage and current requirements
of the particular installation
• Disconnect switches must be gang-operated
• Disconnect switches must be weatherproof or designed to withstand
exposure to weather
• Disconnect switches must be lockable in both the open/closed positions with
a standard PG&E lock.
4 Lockout means a “lockout relay” prevents automatic or remote reclosing of the breaker. The lockout
relay must be manually reset before closing the breaker.
system as defined in IEEE 421.1. Static Systems shall meet these criteria with
70 percent of generator terminal voltage. The offline generator terminal voltage
response shall have an overshoot limited to 20 percent and a bandwidth of at
least 0.1 to 4 hertz. However, in no case shall the bandwidth upper limit be less
than local mode frequency. All systems shall be suitable to utilize a Power
System Stabilizer as described in Section G2.9.4.
Ceiling current shall have a transient time capability equal to or greater than the
short time overload capability of the generator. See ANSI C50.12, 13, or 14.
A means shall be provided to quickly remove excitation from the generator field
to minimize contributions to faults. The preferred method is to reverse voltage
the generator field to drive the current to zero.
Excitation systems shall respond to system disturbances equally in both the buck
and boost directions. All bridges that govern excitation response shall be full
wave type. Bridges feeding a pilot exciter shall have negative forcing capability.
PG&E written approval is needed for any exceptions or exemptions to this
section.
system for PSS. The PSS shall provide a positive contribution to damping for
a frequency range from 0.1 hertz through local mode frequency.
Voltage schedules will be determined by the PG&E Grid Control Center, in
coordination with the CAISO.
At various times, the generating facility may also be requested by the Designated
Electric Control Center, in coordination with the ISO, to produce more or less
reactive power from that indicated on the regular schedule in order to meet the
system needs.
G2.12. DC Generators
G2.12.1. Inverters Capable of Stand-Alone Operation
Inverters capable of stand-alone operation are capable of islanding operation and
shall have similar functional requirements as synchronous generators. For units
less than 100 kW, usually it is acceptable to have the frequency and voltage
functions built into the electronics of the inverter if the set points of these built-in
protective functions are tamper-proof and can be easily and reliably tested.
These relay functions must receive PG&E approval before they can be used to
interconnect with the PG&E Power System.
Protection and Synchronizing requirements
For units capable of stand-alone operation the generation and line protection
requirements of Sections G2.1 through G2.5 shall apply. Additionally, the
functional synchronizing requirements specified under Section G2.9.1 shall apply
to stand alone capable units.
Voltage Regulating Requirements for units connected to Transmission
Inverters do not have excitation systems similar to synchronous generators,,
however they have the capability to regulate and follow voltage, therefore the unit
shall meet the requirements to regulate output voltage and meet the
requirements of Section G2.9.3 and must meet the functional requirements of
Section G2.9.4 with the exception of the two levels of over-excitation protection.
They shall also meet the requirements of Section G2.9.6.
Regulation Requirements for units connected to Distribution
Inverters connected at the distribution level shall meet the requirements of
Section G2.9.5 for power factor control.
The total harmonic distortion in the output current of the inverters must meet
ANSI/IEEE 519 requirements.
Inverter-type generators connected to the PG&E Power System must be pre-
approved by PG&E. For units over 10 kW, a dedicated transformer will be
required to minimize the harmonics entering into the PG&E Power System.
Protection Requirements
For units greater than 100kW the generation and line protection requirements of
Sections G2.1 through G2.5 shall apply.
Synchronizing requirements
For units that are incapable of stand-alone operation synchronization is not
required however there should be an undervoltage relay on the generation side
of the PCC breaker to supervise breaker closing by preventing a close if voltage
is on the generation bus.
Voltage Regulating Requirements for units connected to Transmission
Inverters do not have excitation systems similar to synchronous generators,,
however they have the capability to regulate and follow voltage, therefore the unit
shall meet the requirements to regulate output voltage and meet the
requirements of Section G2.9.3 and must meet the functional requirements of
Section G2.9.4 with the exception of the two levels of over-excitation protection.
They shall also meet the requirements of Section G2.9.6.
Regulation Requirements for units connected to Distribution
Inverters connected at the distribution level shall meet the requirements of
Section G2.9.5 for power factor control.
way as by a transfer-trip scheme. A generation facility should therefore have full load-
rejection capability as needed both for local line protection and RAS. The RAS design
must be such that any single-point failure will not prevent the effective operation of the
scheme.5
Whether RAS shall be required will depend on the overall location and size of the
generator and load on the transmission system, the nature, consequences and
expected frequency of disturbances and the nature of potential alternative transmission
reinforcements
5 System studies will determine the nature and intent of the RAS. Any RAS proposals to mitigate
possible cascading outages outside the PG&E interconnection points or system requires review and
approval by the appropriate WECC study groups and technical committees charged with detailed review.
G2.16.3.4. Operation/Clearance
1. For all line work and clearances, the emergency generator should be
treated as a power source.
6See G2.15.3.6.1 – a very short time interval is typically under 30 cycles for transmission facilities
7Note: This is a different study, not to be confused with a System Impact Study, see glossary for
definitions
G2.16.3.6.4. Protection
Because the emergency generators are paralleled with the PG&E
Power System, protective devices must be installed which will
prevent the customer’s generator from remaining connected in the
event of a fault occurring on the PG&E Power System during the
transition. It is necessary to prevent damage to the customer’s
equipment, the PG&E Power System, and other PG&E customers.
1. In most installations, the protection requirement may be
satisfied through the installation of the reverse power relay (see
Table G2-5). This relay should be installed on the customer’s
side of the service transformer that is connected to the PG&E
Power System. The relay should trip the customer’s main
breaker and must be able to detect transformer core
magnetizing power. In this manner, reverse power flow is
detected before it actually enters the PG&E Power System and
other customers’ equipment. This can be accomplished by
setting the current level pick up equivalent to 60 percent of the
transformer bank magnetizing current. Because this current
value will be small, the current transformers associated with the
relay must be capable of providing these small currents.
2. When transferring the customer’s load back to the PG&E Power
System. It is possible to have incidental power flow back to
PG&E’s system. By properly setting the synchronizing and/or
generator control, this reverse flow can be avoided. However, a
short time delay may be required on the reverse power relay to
prevent it from tripping the generator unnecessarily each time a
transfer is attempted. At no time should this time delay exceed
one second.
These protection and control system modifications are in addition to any transmission
system upgrades identified in the system impact or facilities studies for interconnection
of the new generation facility.
Following is a partial list of protection system modifications that may be required:
• PG&E’s automatic restoration equipment shall be prevented from operating until the
generator is below 25 percent of nominal voltage as measured at the restoration
equipment. Generator damage and system disturbances may result from the
restoration of power by automatically re-energizing PG&E's facilities. This
modification shall be required when the generator(s) has the capability of energizing
a line when the PG&E Power System is disconnected. PG&E will not allow the
Generation Entity's generator(s) to automatically re-energize PG&E facilities.
• Installation of transfer trip from the high-side circuit breaker/circuit switcher, as well
as the distribution breaker and any line reclosers, to the generator if found
necessary by PG&E. An associated EMS/SCADA telemetering circuit is required
between the Generation Entity’s site and the Designated PG&E Electric Control
Center.
Table G2-1
STANDARD DEVICE NUMBERS
Device Definition and Function
Number
Table G2-1
STANDARD DEVICE NUMBERS (Continued)
Device Definition and Function
Number
Form G2-2
RELAY TEST REPORT
FACILITY NAME TESTING BY DATE INSTALLED
FIRM * DATE LAST TESTED
LOCATION ADDRESS
TESTED FOR
FACILITY ACCOUNT NUMBER • INSTALLATION • ROUTINE • OTHER
RELAY INFORMATION SETTINGS
DEVICE NO FUNCTION
MFR. TYPE STYLE
TIME RANGE INST. RANGE
OHMIC RANGE @ ANGLE OFFSET
CT RATIO PRI. MIN. PRI. INST.
DEVICE NO FUNCTION
MFR. TYPE STYLE
TIME RANGE INST. RANGE
CT RATIO PRI. MIN. PRI. INST.
DEVICE NO FUNCTION
MFR. TYPE STYLE
TIME RANGE INST. RANGE
CT RATIO PRI. MIN. PRI. INST.
DEVICE NO FUNCTION
MFR. TYPE STYLE
TIME RANGE INST. RANGE
CT RATIO PRI. MIN. PRI. INST.
DIRECTIONAL ELEMENTS: DEVICE NO. DEVICE NO.
CONTACTS: A PHASE B PHASE C PHASE GROUND
CLOSED TO OPEN AT: (DEG. I LAG E)
OPEN TO CLOSED AT: (DEG. I LAG E)
MAXIMUM TORQUE AT: (DEG. I LAG E)
MIN. P.U.: EXI:
IXI:
TIME ELEMENTS: DEVICE NO. DEVICE NO.
TIMES TAP CURVE TEST TIMES TAP CURVE TEST
A PHASE B PHASE C PHASE
Form G2-2
(Continued)
STATION SW. NO. DATE INSTALLED
DATE LAST TESTED
MFR. TYPE RATING AMPS KV
SERIAL NO. INTERRUPTING RATING
OPERATOR: TYPE MODEL SW. COUNTS ON
N.P. VOLTS TO:CLOSE TRIP WIND/PUMP
___C VOLTS AT SW. MIN. VOLTS TO CLOSE SW. TIME: (CYCLES) CLOSE
VOLTS TRIP BY C.S. MIN. VOLTS TO TRIP TRIP
VOLTS TRIP BY RELAY MIN. VOLTS TO WIND/PUMP TRIP-FREE
____C VOLTS AT SW. VOLTS WIND/PUMP AND TRIP TIME TO WIND
VOLTS CLOSING VOLTS AT SW. WIND/PUMP IS OPER. ANTIPUMP?
POTL. DEVICE/TRANSFORMERS: MFR. POTL. DEVICE:
TYPE LOCATION FULL SEC. WDG. RATIO:
RATING N.P. RATIO BKN. DELTA VOLTS:
CURRENT POTENTIAL NO. OF CALIB.
INDICATING METERS: FULL SCALE
SOURCE SOURCE ELEMENTS WATTS
AMMETER
WATTMETER
VARMETER
RECLOSING RELAY: DEVICE NO. RESTORE POWER PARALLEL
MFR. STYLE TEST LINE LOCKOUT
MODIFIED PER DWG. NO. BANK/BUS TEST CYCLE TIME
SYNCH CHECK RELAY: DEVICE NO. MIN.: SET AT VOLTS. ø DEG.
MFR. STYLE and 115 VOLTS. DEG.
CLOSING ANGLE DEG. TIME DELAY: at 115 VOLTS, ø DEG. SEC.
ADDITIONAL RELAY DATA
VOLTS, AMPS OR TIME
DEVICE NO. MFR. TYPE/STYLE RATING USED FOR OPERATE RESET
REMARKS:
Table G2-4
RELAYS FOR GENERATION APPLICATION2,4
(For Directional Overcurrent and Distance Relays, refer to
Table G2-5) (See notes on following page)
Non- Non- Overcurrent
Synch Synchronizing Automatic Undervoltage directional directional with Voltage Overvoltage Overvoltage5 Frequency Under, Time
DEVICE Check Relay7 Synchronizer7 Relay15 Overcurrent Overcurrent Restraint or Relay 15 Ground Fault Relay Over, Delay
Relay Relay Relay Voltage Control Detection (Under/Over) &
Ground (Neutral) Reverse
Power11
Device Number 25 25 15/25 27 50/518 51N 51V3,6,8 59 59N 81U/O 32 62
MANUFACTURER
ABB REF 615 REF 615 DPU-2000R DPU-2000R DPU-2000R DPU-2000R REF 615 DPU-2000R REF 615
REx670 includes REF 620 REF 620 REF 615 REF 615 REF 615 REF 615 REF 620 REF 615 18 REF 620
REB,REC,RED, REF 620 REF 620 REF 620 REF 620 REF 620 18 REx-670
REG,REL,RER, REx-670 REx-670
RES,RET
AREVA MAVS MiCOM, P344 MCGG MCGG MiCOM MiCOM MiCOM P344 MVTT
MiCOM P921, P921, P923
P643, P344 P923,P344
Basler Electric BE1-25 BE1-11i BE1-25A BE1-27 BE1-51 BE1-51 BE1-51/27R8 BE1-59 BE1-59N BE1-81 O/U BE1-32R BE1-GPS
BE1-GPS BE1-11g BE1-11i BE1-GPS BE1-GPS BE1-GPS BE1-51/27c8 BE1-GPS BE1-GPS BE1-GPS BE1-GPS12 BE1-IPS
BE1-IPS BE1-11g BE1-IPS BE1-IPS BE1-IPS BE1-GPS BE1-IPS BE1-IPS BE1-IPS BE1-IPS13 BE1-11i
BE1-11i BE1-11i BE1-11i BE1-11i BE1-IPS BE1-11i BE1-11i BE1-11i BE1-11i13 BE1-11g
BE1-11g BE1-11g BE1-11g BE1-11g BE1-11i3 BE1-11g BE1-11g BE1-11g BE1-11g13
BE1-11g3
Beckwith Electric M0390 M-0193 M-0193 M-0296 M-0420 M-0420 M-3420 M-0296 M-3425 M-0296 M341012
M3410 M-0194 M-0420 M-3410 M-3425 M-3425 M-0420 M-3425A M-0420 M3410A12
M-3410A M-3410 M-3411A M-3425A M-3425A M-3410 M-3430 M-3410 M3520
M3520 M -3410A M-3420 M-3410 M-3410 M-3410A M-3520 M-3410A
M-3411A M-3435 M-3520 M-3410A M-3411A M-3420
M-3420 M3425A M-3520 M-3420 M-3425
M-3425 M-3430 M-3425 M-3425A
M-3425A M-3520 M-3425A M-3430
M-3430 M-3430 M-3520
M-3520 M-3520
Cooper IDP-210 IDP-210 IDP-210 IDP-210 IDP-210 IDP-210
Cutler Hammer IQ Transfer IQ
September 1, 2019
G2-33
PG&E Transmission Interconnection Handbook
Schweitzer SEL-300G SEL-351-5,6,7 SEL-700G SEL-300G SEL-300G SEL-300G SEL-300G SEL-300G SEL-300G SEL-300G SEL-00G SEL-300G
SEL-311C SEL-351S SEL-700GT SEL-700G SEL- SEL- SEL-700G SEL-700G SEL-700G SEL-700G SEL-351- SEL-700G
SEL 700GT 700G/GT/GW SEL-700GT SEL-700GT SEL-700GT SEL-700GT
SEL-311L SEL-700G 700G/GT/GW
717 SEL-700GT
SEL-351- SEL-700GT SEL-311C SEL-311C SEL 751/751A SEL-351-6,719 SEL-311C SEL-351- SEL-311C SEL-311C
5,6,7/351S SEL-300G SEL-311L SEL 751/751A SEL-501 SEL-311L 5,6,7 SEL-311L SEL-311L
SEL-451 SEL-751/751A SEL 751/751A SEL-321 SEL-321 SEL-321 SEL-351S SEL-351- SEL-387
SEL-700G SEL-321 SEL-351- SEL-351- SEL-351- 5,6,7/351A/ SEL-501
SEL 700GT SEL-351-5, 5,6,7/351A/ 5,6,7/351A/ 5,6,7/351A/ 351S SEL-351-
SEL- 6,7/351A/ 351S 351S 351S SEL-387E 5,6,7
751/751A 351S SEL-387 SEL-387 SEL-387E SEL-411L SEL-
SEL-387E SEL-387A SEL-387A SEL-411L SEL-421 351A/351S
SEL-411L SEL-387E SEL-387E SEL-421 SEL-487E SEL-387E
SEL-421 SEL-501 SEL-551 SEL- SEL-451 SEL-551
SEL-451 SEL-551 411L SEL487E SEL-411L
SEL487E SEL-587 SEL-421 SEL SEL-421
SEL-411L 311L SEL-451
SEL-421 SEL-311C SEL487E
SEL 311L SEL-451
SEL-451 SEL487E
SEL487E
PG&E Transmission Interconnection Handbook
Siemens 7SJ64 7VE61 7VE61 7SJ64 7UM62 7SJ64 7SJ64
7VE63 7VE63 7SJ80 7SJ80 7SJ80
7UM62 7UM62 7UM62
7UT613 7UT613 7UT613
7VE63 7VE63 7VE63
Woodward SPM 9905-
005
DSLC,
MSLC
DSM 9905-
204
18. ABB REF 615 and 620 may delay 81 tripping by 10 cycles due to internal “loss of mains” logic.
19. For relay make and models not listed in Table G2-4, requests for approval can be made following the guidelines of Appendix R.
September 1, 2019
PG&E Transmission Interconnection Handbook
Table G2-5
AREVA OPTIMHO OPTIMHO OPTIMHO OPTIMHO OPTIMHO OPTIMHO OPTIMHO LFCB MVAJ
QUADRAMH QUADRAMH QUADRAMHO QUADRAMH QUADRAMH QUADRAMH QUADRAMH
Basler Electric BE1-11g BE1-11g BE1-67 BE1-IPS
BE1-IPS BE1-11g1
BE1-11g BE1-11i1
BE1-11i
Beckwith M3425 M3425 M3520 M3520
M3430 M3430
M3520 M3520
General Electric SR-489 SR-489 D-60 D-60 D-60 L-90 HFA
D-60 D-60 D-60 D-60 F-60 D-60 L-90 HGA
L-90 T-60 F-60
Schweitzer SEL 300G SEL 300G SEL-311C SEL-311C SEL-311C SEL-311C SEL-311C SEL-311C SEL-311L
SEL 700G SEL 700G SEL 321 SEL 321 SEL 321 SEL 351 SEL-321 SEL-311L SEL-411L
SEL-311C SEL-311C SEL-421 SEL-421 SEL-421 SEL-421 SEL 351 SEL-321
SEL 321 SEL 321 SEL-311L SEL-311L SEL-311L SEL-311L SEL-421 SEL-351
SEl-421 SEL-421 SEL-411L SEL-411L SEL-411L SEL-411L SEL-311L SEL-421
SEL-311L SEL-311L SEL-411L SEL-411L
SEL-411L SEL-411L
September 1, 2019
PG&E Transmission Interconnection Handbook
Notes for Table G2-5
• The above table contains information regarding specific products, manufacturers and representatives. This table is not all-inclusive. The inclusion or omission of a product,
manufacturer or representative is not meant to be an indication of the quality or reliability of a product or service. No endorsements or warranties are implied. Only PG&E
approved relays may be installed for protection of interconnecting distribution or transmission lines. Refer to Appendix F for direct transfer trip (DTT) and pilot protection
requirements when applicable. This table contains new generation relays for older or “legacy” relays contact PG&E to determine if the relay was previously approved.
• Most microprocessor relays include event reporting and fault locating functions. Relay settings, event, and fault records should not be lost or revert to default values when DC
source is momentarily lost. Event and Oscillography should not be erased from the relay records when the front panel reset button is exercised to reset the Target LCD display.
• All microprocessor based relays being used as a multifunctional protection device will require backup relays, except for generation less than 400 kW aggregate nameplate with
relay failure output contact connected to trip the generation breaker. (Alternate or backup protective relays can be electromechanical, solid state, or microprocessor based
relays.)
• Primary and alternate protective devices must utilize different operating principals and not be subject to possible common mode failures in order to minimize the potential for
insufficient interconnection protection, where applicable or unnecessary plant shut down; for example, due to possible product advisory letters issued by the manufacturers.
• All relays must have 5A nominal AC input current.
1-Basler BE1-11i and BE1-11g cannot be polarized by an external vx voltage input due to a high sensing threshold. The other three polarizing methods are acceptable.
September 1, 2019
PG&E Transmission Interconnection Handbook
Table G2-6
OVERFREQUENCY AND UNDERFREQUENCY RELAYS
OVERVOLTAGE AND UNDERVOLTAGE RELAYS
Transmission System Interconnection
Over5 7 8 Under6 7 8
Over1,2,3,4 7 Under 1,2,4 7
Voltage (pu) Voltage (pu)
Frequency Frequency
>60.6 Hz @ 180 sec <59.4 Hz @ 180 sec ≥1.20 @ instantaneous <0.45 @ (0.15 (sec)
>61.6 Hz @ 30 sec <58.4 Hz @ 30 sec ≥1.175 @ 0.20 (sec) <0.65 @ 0.30 (sec)
Notes:
1. All settings meet WECC Off-Nominal Frequency requirements. The
frequency settings must not allow less stringent operation of the
generation facility than specified in the WECC Off Nominal Frequency
Requirements.
2. Generators may use electro-mechanical frequency relays only for
settings outside the 57.9 -61.0 Hz range.
3. All Frequency relays must use the definite time characteristic specified
in Table G2.6. They should not be disabled for voltages 80% of
nominal or higher.
4. WECC allows generators to have UF/OF settings within the no trip
zone if the generator somehow arranges for an equivalent amount of
load to be tripped at the same time that the generator trips refer to
Section E.13 of the WECC Plan.
5. The over/undervoltage relay settings are intended to indicate POI
voltages and times for which the generator is expected to remain
online in accordance with PRC-024. Actual relay settings are to be
made by the generator owner based on their protection requirements
while satisfying the listed limits.
6. For undervoltage relays, set time delay typically at 3 to 5 seconds at
zero voltage to allow for motor starting and for coordination of line
protection devices. Electric Rule 21 interconnections shall meet the
September 1, 2019 39
PG&E Transmission Interconnection Handbook
63.0
OK to Trip Gen per WECC Plan 62.0
61.0
Frequency (Hz)
per WECC Plan 59.0
58.0
57.0
0.010
0.100
1.000
1000.000
100.000
10.000
10000.000
Instantaneous
Trip Time Delay (seconds)
Continuous Range
Figure 1
Generator Under / Over Frequency
Trip Points & Zone Boundaries
September 1, 2019 40
PG&E Transmission Interconnection Handbook
OK to Trip
OK to Trip
Figure 2
Generator Under / Over Voltage
Voltage Ride Through Time Duration Curve
September 1, 2019 41
PG&E Transmission Interconnection Handbook
Initial review
The developer should provide the following data for the initial protection review. This list is not all
inclusive, the intent is to assist with highlighting major portions of the Transmission Interconnection
Handbook (TIH) relating to transmission interconnections it is not a substitute for the content of the TIH.
• Proposed relays – Relays should be redundant and on the approved relay list as specified in
Table G2.4 and G2.5 and DC powered from a station battery. Required relays are specified to
ensure the facility is disconnected from the PG&E system during fault or abnormal conditions. If
3 phase microprocessor relays are used, they shall be redundant. The current and voltage input
sources shall also be redundant. Exception is the voltage input source for generation protection
relays.
• Generator Synchronizing - The application of synchronizing devices assures that a synchronous
generator will parallel with the utility electric system without causing a disturbance to other
customers and facilities (present and in the future) connected to the same system. It also
attempts to assure that the generator itself will not be damaged due to an improper parallel
action. This also includes interlocks to ensure there is not an unsupervised closing of a breaker
into a generator. (Not required for Asynchronous generation that does not have stand-alone
operating capability).
• Interconnection Breaker Placement – The breaker shall be placed in a location that minimizes
the amount of 3rd party equipment protected by the PG&E system this also includes lightning
arresters. Breaker must have DC trip coil tripped with DC supplied by a station battery. Tripping
shall be via a dedicated lockout tripping relay. Automatic reclosing is not allowed.
• Phase Rotation – PG&E has ACB rotation, most of the industry uses ABC rotation, ensure this is
taken into account in the facility design. (One method is to roll B and C at the entrance to the
substation).
• Interconnection XFMR – Interconnection transformer must be Gnd Wye on HV side and Delta
LV, or tertiary winding. Wye Gnd connection provides ground reference minimizing phase to
ground overvoltage’s, also providing ground source current to allowing ground fault detection to
operate.
• Station Battery – Shall be a wet-cell lead acid type and meet the requirements in Appendix T.
The DC system shall have a DC undervoltage alarm.
• Metering PT/CT’s – Shall be located on the non-PG&E side of the line disconnect switch.
Metering PT/CT’s are dedicated for revenue metering they shall not be connected to protective
relays or other equipment. (Refer to Section G1.3 for generation metering requirements).
September 1, 2019 42
PG&E Transmission Interconnection Handbook
September 1, 2019 43
PG&E Transmission Interconnection Handbook
• Single Line Drawing – Showing interconnection to PG&E System and the generator.
• Single Line Meter and Relay – Showing CT/PT interconnections to relays and other required
control elements.
• DC schematic drawings –Schematic drawings for the interconnection required relays and Circuit
Beaker that are used to separate the facility from the PG&E system.
• 3 Line AC – Showing relay CT/PT connections.
• Interconnection XFMR Nameplate Data – Manufacturer’s test data showing XFMR positive and
zero sequence impedance, and MVA nameplate data.
• Generator Nameplate Data – Manufacturers test data showing generation impedance data,
should include X”d, X’d, Xs, X2, and X0 data (not applicable for Asynchronous inverter based
generation). Nameplate MVA data. For inverter based generation provide maximum fault
current or low voltage ride-through overcurrent capability if this value is greater.
• Generation tie line data – Line impedance and tower configuration data.
• Proposed Relay Settings – Check required relays for coordination with PG&E relays. For
synchronous generation verify if generators can detect end of line faults and trip < 1.5 seconds.
The next three pages show several types of representative interconnections with typical relays required
for the interconnection.
September 1, 2019 44
PG&E Transmission Interconnection Handbook
Transmission
System
METERING
GSU
87/
51
25
Used to coordinate with
the utility
25000/5
UAT To
200/1 auxiliary
loads
27/
59
81O
Used for transmission
/U
line fault detection
25000/5
21
51V-R or 51V-C could be
used in place of 21 51 V-R 51 V-C
element
Figure A1-1
September 1, 2019 45
PG&E Transmission Interconnection Handbook
METERING
Transmission Line
Relay Protection
21 2000/5
or 2000/5
67
2000/1
87/
51 GSU
Used to coordination
with the utility, needs 25000/5
to be reducndant., UAT To auxiliary
200/1
loads
Autosynch Relay
used to allow parallel
across any breaker that
will close between two 25 27/
27/ 27/
energized sources 59 59 59
September 1, 2019 46
PG&E Transmission Interconnection Handbook
Transmission
System
METERING
Transmission Line
Relay Protection
Generation Owner
67 Equipement
or
21
2000/1
2000/5 2000/5
Bus Protection
2000/5
87 2000/5
200/1 200/1
27/ 27/
59 59
81
Used for transmission 81O O/
line fault detection /U U
25000/5 25000/5
21 21
51V-R or 51V-C could
be used in place of 21 51 V- 51 V- 51 V- 51 V-
element R C R C
Figure A1-3
September 1, 2019 47
PG&E Transmission Interconnection Handbook
To Transmission
system
METERING
Note -1
25
5000/5
Generally not
required for PV
generation 21 21
5 Mvar
51 V-C 51 V-R 51 V-C 51 V-R
Figure A1-4
September 1, 2019 48