Lesson 3
Lesson 3
Lesson 3
•Xisopropyl alcohol=0.41
•STEP 3
molewater
•(X) mole fractionwater=
mole isopropyl alcohol +
1.66 mole molewater
•Xwater=
1.16 mole+ 1.66 mole
•Xwater= 0.59
•Another way of obtaining the mole
fraction of water is to simply subtract
the mole fraction of isopropyl from
1.00 to obtain that of H2O. This is
possible since there are only two
components in the solution
LET'S GIVE
IT
A TRY
•Calculate the mole fraction of
solute in an aqeous solution
containing 3.0 grams of urea,
(NH2)2CO in 250 g of water.
•moleurea=3.0g/(60.07 g/mol)
•moleurea=0.05 mole
•molewater=250.0g/(18.02 g/mol)
•molewater=13.87 mole
moleurea
•(X) mole fractionurea=
moleurea+ molewater
0.05 mole
•Xurea=
0.05 mole+ 13.87 mole
•Xurea= 0.004
molewater
•(X) mole fractionwater=
moleurea + molewater
13.87 mole
•Xwater=
0.05 mole+ 13.87 mole
•Xwater= 0.996
•What do you think is the
importance of knowing the
mole fraction of a solution?
ACTIVITY
TIME
•A tank is charged with a mixture
of 1000 mole of oxygen and 4500
mole of Helium. Calculate the
mole fraction of each gas in the
mixture.
•What is the mole fraction of solute
in a 40% by mass ethanol (C2H6O)
solution of water.
•A tank is charged with a mixture
of 1000 mole of oxygen and 4500
mole of Helium. Calculate the
mole fraction of each gas in the
mixture.
moleoxygen
•(x) mole fractionoxygen=
moleoxygen+ moleHelium
1.0 X 10³ mole
•xoxygen=
1.0 X 10³ mole + 4.5 10³ mole
•xoxygen= 0.18
moleHelium
•(x) mole fractionHelium=
moleoxygen+ moleHelium
4.5 X 10³ mole
•xHelium=
1.0 X 10³ mole + 4.5 10³ mole
•xHelium= 0.82
•What is the mole fraction of solute
in a 40% by mass ethanol (C2H6O)
solution of water.
•Given:
•40% by mass ethanol solution
•C=12.01 g/mol X 2= 24.02 g/mol
•H= 1.01 g/mol X 6= 6.06 g/mol
•O= 16.0 g/mol X 1= 16 g/mol
Mm= 46.08 g/mol
•Given:
•60% by mass of water
•H= 1.01 g/mol X 2= 2.02 g/mol
•O= 16.0 g/mol X 1= 16 g/mol
Mm= 18.02 g/mol
•moleethanol= 40g/(46.08 g/mol)
•moleethanol=0.87 mol
•xethanol=0.21
molewater
•(x) mole fractionwater=
moleethanol +
3.33 mole molewater
•xwater=
0.87 mole+ 3.33 mole
•xwater= 0.79
What is
Molality?
•MOLALITY (m)
•ratio of the number of moles of solute per
kilogram of solvent
•the number of moles of solute is divided by
the volume of the solution
•MOLALITY (m)
moles of solute
•m= kilograms of solvent
nsolute
•m= msolvent
•m= mol/kg
•What is the molality of a solution
containing 0.75 moles of sodium
hydroxide in 500 ml of water at 25⁰C?
The density of water at 25⁰C is 1.0 grams
per milliliter.
•Given:
•dwater= 1.0 g/ml
•Vwater=500 ml
•Molar mass= Mmwater= 18.02 g/mol
•nNaOH=0.75 mol
•STEP 1
•Determine the mass of water using
the density formula. Also convert the
mass in grams to kilograms
•STEP 1
•Determine the mass of water using the density
formula. Also convert the mass in grams to
kilograms
•d=m/V
•m= dwater X Vwater
•m= 1.0 g/ml X 500 ml
•m= 500 g X 1kg/1000g
•m= 0.50 kg
•STEP 2
•Substitute the given data in the
formula to solve the molality
•m= moles of solute/ kilogram of solvent
•MOLALITY (m)
moles of solute
•m= kilograms of solvent
0.75 moles of NAOH
•m= 0.50 kg solvent
25 g
•n= 118.91 g/mol
= 0.21 mole
•Solve for the molality
0.21 mole
•m= 750ml X 1g/ml X 1kg/1000g
0.21 mol
•m= 0.75 kg solvent
mass of solute
parts per million=mass of solution X 1,000,000
SAMPLE
PROBLEMS
1.What is the % by mass and
ppm of 30g of NaCl and 105 g
of water?
2. What is the concentration in
ppm of a solution that is
0.000077% by mass solute?
3. What is the percent by mass
of solute if there are 45.0
grams of HCl in 200.0 grams
solution?
4. What mass of NaCl is
needed to prepare 30.0 % by
mass of 500.0 g solution of
NaCl?
5. How many grams of water is
needed to prepare 2.5 % by
mass of 367 g of sugar
solution?