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    Direct Indirect Speech

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    Anis Damayanti
    There are two main ways to report what someone else has said: direct speech and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and reports the general idea without exact words. When changing statements, questions, exclamations or imperatives to indirect speech, verbs and pronouns are changed to the appropriate past tense and adverbs of time and place may require adjustment.

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    Direct Indirect Speech

    Uploaded by

    Anis Damayanti
    182 views14 pages
    There are two main ways to report what someone else has said: direct speech and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and reports the general idea without exact words. When changing statements, questions, exclamations or imperatives to indirect speech, verbs and pronouns are changed to the appropriate past tense and adverbs of time and place may require adjustment.

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    There are two main ways to report what someone else has said: direct speech and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and reports the general idea without exact words. When changing statements, questions, exclamations or imperatives to indirect speech, verbs and pronouns are changed to the appropriate past tense and adverbs of time and place may require adjustment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    182 views14 pages

    Direct Indirect Speech

    Uploaded by

    Anis Damayanti
    There are two main ways to report what someone else has said: direct speech and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and reports the general idea without exact words. When changing statements, questions, exclamations or imperatives to indirect speech, verbs and pronouns are changed to the appropriate past tense and adverbs of time and place may require adjustment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 14

    Direct Speech

    In the English language, there are two


    ways of conveying what someone else
    has said:
     direct/quoted speech and
     indirect/reported speech.
    Direct Speech
    What is it?
    Direct/quoted speech, involves quoting the exact
    words uttered by the person, within inverted
    commas or quotation marks.

    2nd September 2012 Anne said, “I will


    be coming home
    tonight”.

    statement
    Indirect Speech
    Indirect/reported speech, on the other hand, does
    not have to be within quotes or reported word-to-
    word. In fact, unless one is relaying the exact words
    spoken, one should never use quotation marks.

    5th September 2012 She said that she


    would be coming
    home that night.

    statement
    Indirect Speech of Exclamatory Sentences

    Sentence which expresses state of joy or sorrow or


    wonder is called exclamatory sentence.
    For example.
     Hurrah! We won the match.
     Alas! I failed the test.
     Wow! What a nice shirt it is.
    To change such sentences, the words “exclaimed with
    joy” or “exclaimed with sorrow” or “exclaimed with
    wonder” is added in the reporting verb depending upon
    the nature of exclamatory sentence in indirect speech.
    Direct speech Indirect Speech
    He said, “Hurrah! I won a He exclaimed with joy that
    prize” he had won a prize.

    She said, “Alas! I failed in She exclaimed with sorrow


    exam” that she failed in the exam.
    John exclaimed with
    John said, “Wow! What a
    wonder that it was a nice
    nice shirt it is”
    shirt
    Indirect Speech of Imperative
    Sentence
    A sentence which expresses command, request, advice or
    suggestion is called imperative sentence.
    For example,
    • Open the door.
    • Please help me.
    • Learn your lesson.
    To change such sentences into indirect speech, the word
    “ordered” or “requested” or “advised” or “suggested” or
    “forbade” or “not to do” is added to reporting verb
    depending upon nature of imperative sentence in reported
    speech.
    Examples
    Direct speech Indirect Speech
    He said to me, “please help me”. He requested me to help him.

    She said to him, “you should work He suggested him to work hard
    hard for exam”. for exam.

    They said to him, “do not tell a lie”. They said to him not to tell a lie.

    He said, “open the door”. He ordered to open the door.


    The teacher said to student, “do The teacher advised the students
    not waste time”. not to waste time.
    Indirect Speech for Interrogative (Question)
    Sentence
    For changing interrogative (question) sentence into indirect
    speech we have to observe the nature of question and then
    change it into indirect speech according to it rules for
    indirect speech.
    A question can be of two types:
     One type which can be answered in only YES or NO and
     Other type which needs a little bit explanation for its
    answer and cannot be answered in only YES or NO.
    For example:

    Direct speech: They said to me, “did u go to school?”


    Indirect Speech: They asked me if I had gone to school.
    How to Use Reported Speech
    When we use reported speech, we are usually
    talking about the past.
    Therefore, verbs usually change to the past tense
    in reported speech.

    For example:
    am / is become was

    are become were

    have/has become had

    can/can’t become could/couldn’t

    will/won’t become would/wouldn’t


    Tense Change in Indirect Speech
    Present simple tense Past simple
    Present Continuous tense Past continuous
    Present Perfect tense Past perfect
    Present Perfect Past perfect continuous
    Continuous
    INTO
    Past Simple Past Perfect

    Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
    Future simple, will would
    Future Continuous, will would be
    be
    Future Perfect, will have would have
    Changes in Time and Adverbs in
    Indirect Speech
    Changes to
    Today that day/the same day
    Tomorrow the next day/the following day
    Yesterday the day before/the previous day
    Next week/month/year the following week/month/year
    Last week/month/year the previous week/month/year
    Now/just then
    Ago before
    Here there
    This that

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