Selangor Skema Kimia Kertas 2 (Set 1)
Selangor Skema Kimia Kertas 2 (Set 1)
Selangor Skema Kimia Kertas 2 (Set 1)
Kertas 2 4541/2
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Section A
Bahagian A
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Question Answer Marks
Soalan Jawapan Markah
Empirical formula is a chemical formula that shows the simplest ratio of
number of atoms of each element in a compound. 1
2. (a)
Formula empirik adalah formula kimia yang menunjukkan nisbah paling
ringkas bagi bilangan atom setiap unsur yang terdapat dalam sebatian.
To allow oxygen from the air flow in to react with magnesium. 1
(b) Untuk membenarkan oksigen daripada udara masuk dan bertindak balas
dengan magnesium.
The process of heating, cooling and weighing is repeated until a constant
mass is obtained. 1
(c)
Proses pemanasan, penyejukan dan penimbangan diulang beberapa kali
sehingga jisim tetap diperoleh.
Magnesium
: 256.29 – 250.05 = 6.24 g 1
Magnesium
(d) (i)
Oxygen
: 260.45 – 256.29 = 4.16 g 1
Oksigen
Number of mole of magnesium
: 6.24 / 24 = 0.26 mol 1
Bilangan mol magnesium
(ii)
Number of mole of oxygen
: 4.16 / 16 = 0.26 mol 1
Bilangan mol oksigen
Copper(II) oxide // lead(II) oxide // tin(II) oxide 1
(e) (i)
Kuprum(II) oksida // plumbum(II) oksida // stanum(II) oksida
Copper / lead / tin is below hydrogen in the metal reactivity series // Copper
/ lead / tin is less reactive than hydrogen // Hydrogen is able to reduce
copper(II) oxide / lead(II) oxide / tin(II) oxide to form copper / lead / tin. 1
(ii) Kuprum / plumbum / stanum berada di bawah hidrogen dalam siri
kereaktifan logam // Kuprum / plumbum / stanum kurang reaktif daripada
hidrogen // Hidrogen dapat menurunkan kuprum(II) oksida / plumbum(II)
oksida / stanum(II) oksida membentuk kuprum / plumbum / stanum.
TOTAL / JUMLAH 9
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Question Answer Marks
Soalan Jawapan Markah
Sodium benzoate prevents tomato sauce from being spoilt // Slow down the
growth of microorganisms. 1
3. (a) (i)
Natrium benzoat mengelakkan sos tomato daripada rosak //
Memperlahankan pertumbuhan mikroorganisma.
Cause headache // Falling hair. 1
(ii)
Menyebabkan sakit kepala // Rambut gugur.
Prevent oxidation // Rancid fats and brown fruits. 1
(iii)
Menghalang pengoksidaan // Lemak tengik dan buah menjadi perang.
Soy lecithin 1
(b) (i)
Lesitin soya
Ice cream separated into two layers. 1
(ii)
Ais krim terpisah kepada dua lapisan.
1. Sugar 1
2. Aspartame 1
(iii)
1. Gula
2. Aspartam
1. Paracetamol 1
2. Does not cause internal bleeding. 1
(c) (i)
1. Parasetamol
2. Tidak menyebabkan pendarahan dalaman.
Bacteria can become resistance to the antibiotic // To avoid become ill
again. 1
(ii)
Bakteria akan menjadi imun terhadap antibiotik // Mengelakkan badan
menjadi sakit semula.
TOTAL / JUMLAH 10
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Question Answer Marks
Soalan Jawapan Markah
C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
Correct chemical formulae of reactants and products 1
4. (a) (i) Formula kimia bagi bahan dan hasil tindak balas yang betul
Balanced chemical equation 1
Persamaan kimia seimbang
Porcelain chips Ethene
Serpihan porselin Etena
(ii)
Heat / Panaskan
Glass wool soaked Water
with ethanol Air
Wul kaca direndam
dengan etanol
Functional diagram 1
Gambarajah berfungsi
Label materials 1
Label bahan
The orange colour of acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution turns
green // product smells like vinegar. 1
(iii)
Warna jingga larutan kalium dikromat(VI) berasid bertukar menjadi hijau
// hasil berbau seperti cuka.
(iv) 1
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Question Answer Marks
Soalan Jawapan Markah
Lead(II) carbonate 1
5. (a)
Plumbum(II) karbonat
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + H2O
Correct chemical formula of reactants and products 1
(b) Formula kimia bagi bahan dan hasil tindak balas yang betul
Balanced chemical equation 1
Persamaan kimia yang seimbang
Nitrate ion // NO3- 1
(c) (i)
Ion nitrat // NO3-
1. 2 cm3 of dilute sulphuric acid is added to 2 cm3 solution W followed by
2 cm3 of iron(II) sulphate solution and the mixture is shaken. 1
2. The test tube is slanted and held with a test tube holder, a few drops of
concentrated sulphuric acid are added along the wall of the test tube
and is held upright. 1
3. A brown ring is formed. Anion present is nitrate ion. 1
(ii)
1. 2 cm3 asid sulfurik cair ditambah kepada 2 cm3 larutan W diikuti
dengan 2 cm3 larutan ferum(II) sulfat dan campuran digoncang.
2. Tabung uji dicondongkan dan dipegang dengan pemegang tabung uji,
beberapa titis asid sulfurik pekat dititiskan melalui dinding tabung uji
dan ditegakkan.
3. Cincin perang terbentuk. Anion yang hadir adalah ion nitrat.
1. Number of moles of Pb(NO3)2 = (0.5 ×50) / 1000 = 0.025 mol 1
Number of moles of KI = (0.5 ×50) / 1000 = 0.025 mol 1
2. 2 mol of KI produce 1 mol of PbI2
0.025 mol of KI produce 0.0125 mol of PbI2 1
3. Mass of PbI2 = 0.0125 × [207 + 2(127)] = 5.7625 g 1
(d)
1. Bilangan mol Pb(NO3)2 = (0.5 ×50) / 1000 = 0.025 mol
Bilangan mol KI = (0.5 ×50) / 1000 = 0.025 mol
2. 2 mol KI menghasilkan 1 mol PbI2
0.025 mol KI menghasilkan 0.0125 mol PbI2
3. Jisim PbI2 = 0.0125 × [207 + 2(127)] = 5.7625 g
TOTAL / JUMLAH 11
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Question Answer Marks
Soalan Jawapan Markah
Allows the ions flow through it to complete the electrical circuit.
1
6. (a) (i) Membenarkan ion-ion mengalir melaluinya untuk melengkapkan litar
elektrik.
(ii) Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e 1
The green colour of iron(II) nitrate solution turns brown. 1
Warna hijau larutan ferum(II) nitrat bertukar menjadi perang.
1. Add a few drops of sodium hydroxide solution. 1
2. A brown precipitate is formed. 1
1. Tambahkan beberapa titis larutan natrium hidroksida.
2. Mendakan perang terbentuk.
MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e → Mn2+ + 4H2O
Correct chemical formula of reactants and products 1
(iii) Formula kimia bagi bahan dan hasil tindak balas yang betul
Balanced half equation 1
Persamaan setengah yang seimbang
Decreases from +7 to +2 1
Berkurang daripada +7 kepada +2
> >
Electrode R Electrode S
Elektrod R Elektrod S
Oxidising agent 1
(b) (i)
Agen pengoksidaan
Increases from -1 to 0 1
(ii)
Meningkat daripada -1 kepada 0
TOTAL / JUMLAH 11
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Section B
Bahagian B
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Question Answer Marks
Soalan Jawapan Markah
CaCO3 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O
Correct chemical formula of reactants and products. 1
8. (a) (i) Formula kimia bagi bahan dan hasil tindak balas yang betul.
Balanced chemical equation. 1
Persamaan kimia yang seimbang.
1. Number of moles of CaCO3 = 0.2 / [40 + 12 + 3(16)] = 0.002 mol 1
2. 1 mol of CaCO3 produce 1 mol of CO2
0.002 mol of CaCO3 produce 0.002 mol of CO2 1
3. Maximum volume of CO2 = 0.002 ×24 = 0.048 dm3 / 48 cm3 1
(ii)
1. Bilangan mol CaCO3 = 0.2 / [40 + 12 + 3(16)] = 0.002 mol
2. 1 mol CaCO3 menghasilkan 1 mol CO2
0.002 mol CaCO3 menghasilkan 0.002 mol CO2
3. Isi padu maksimum CO2 = 0.002 × 24 = 0.048 dm3 / 48 cm3
1. Set I = 48 / 100 = 0.48 cm3s-1 1
(iii) 2. Set II = 48 / 60 = 0.80 cm3s-1 1
3. Set III = 48 / 30 = 1.60 cm3s-1 1
1. The higher the temperature of sulphuric acid, the higher the kinetic
energy of hydrogen ions in collision. 1
2. The frequency of collision between calcium carbonate molecules and
hydrogen ions increases. 1
3. The frequency of effective collision between calcium carbonate
molecules and hydrogen ions increases. 1
4. The rate of reaction increases. 1
(iv)
1. Semakin tinggi suhu asid sulfurik, semakin tinggi tenaga kinetik ion-ion
hidrogen dalam perlanggaran.
2. Frekuensi perlanggaran di antara molekul kalsium karbonat dan ion-
ion hidrogen meningkat.
3. Frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan di antara molekul kalsium karbonat
dan ion-ion hidrogen meningkat.
4. Kadar tindak balas meningkat.
1. Rate of reaction in Set II is higher than Set I. 1
2. The size of calcium carbonate used in Set II is smaller than Set I. 1
3. The total surface area of calcium carbonate exposed to collision in Set
II is larger than Set I. 1
4. The frequency of collision between calcium carbonate molecules and
hydrogen ions in Set II is higher than Set I. 1
5. The frequency of effective collision between calcium carbonate
molecules and hydrogen ions in Set II is higher than Set I. 1
(v) 1. Kadar tindak balas dalam Set II lebih tinggi daripada Set I.
2. Saiz kalsium karbonat yang digunakan dalam Set II lebih kecil
daripada Set I.
3. Jumlah luas permukaan kalsium karbonat terdedah kepada
perlanggran dalam Set II lebih besar daripada Set I.
4. Frekuensi perlanggaran di antara molekul kalsium karbonat dan ion-
ion hidrogen dalam Set II lebih tinggi daripada Set I.
5. Frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan di antara molekul kalsium karbonat
dan ion-ion hidrogen dalam Set II lebih tinggi daripada Set I.
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Energy
Tenaga
Ea
N2 + 3H2 Ea’
(b)
2NH3
Exothermic graph 1
Graf eksotermik
Label Ea and Ea’ 1
Label Ea dan Ea’
Chemical equation 1
Persamaan kimia
TOTAL / JUMLAH 20
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Section C
Bahagian C
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Heat of combustion / kJmol-1
Haba pembakaran / kJmol-1 •Label axis
with unit 1
3000 Label paksi
dengan unit
2500
•All points
2000 plotted
correctly 1
(b) (i)
1500 Semua titik
plot betul
1000 •Uniform
scale 1
500
Skala seragam
0 Number of carbon atoms
1 2 3 4 Bilangan atom karbon
When the number of carbon atoms per molecule of alcohol increases, the
heat of combustion increases. 1
(ii)
Apabila bilangan atom karbon per molekul alkohol bertambah, haba
pembakaran bertambah.
1. Fuel value of ethanol is 1376 / 46 = 29.91 kJg-1. 1
-1
2. Fuel value of butanol is 2679 / 74 = 36.20 kJg . 1
3. Butanol is more efficient. 1
(iii)
1. Nilai bahan api bagi etanol adalah 1376 / 46 = 29.91 kJg-1.
2. Nilai bahan api bagi butanol adalah 2679 / 74 = 36.20 kJg-1.
3. Butanol merupakan bahan api yang lebih efisien.
Alcohol used: Methanol // Ethanol // Propanol 1
Alkohol yang digunakan: Metanol // Etanol // Propanol
Procedures:
1. 100 cm3 of water is measured with measuring cylinder and poured into
the copper can. 1
2. A thermometer is placed into the water and the initial temperature, T1 is
recorded. 1
3. A lamp is filled with methanol / ethanol / propanol. The lamp is
weighed and the initial mass, m1 is recorded. 1
4. The lamp is placed near the base of the copper can and the wick is
(c) lighted. 1
5. The water is stirred continuously with the thermometer until its
temperature increased by 30 °C, the flame is put off and the highest
temperature, T2 reached by the water is recorded. 1
6. The final mass of the lamp and its content, m2 is weighed immediately
and recorded. 1
Prosedur:
1. 100 cm3 air disukat dengan silinder penyukat dan dituang ke dalam tin
kuprum.
2. Termometer diletakkan di dalam air dan suhu awal, T1 dicatat.
3. Pelita diisikan dengan metanol / etanol / propanol dan ditimbang.
Jisim awalnya, m1 dicatat.
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4. Pelita diletak dekat dengan tin kuprum dan sumbu pelita dinyalakan.
5. Air dikacau berterusan dengan termometer sehingga suhunya
meningkat sebanyak 30 °C, api dipadamkan dan suhu tertinggi, T2
dicapai oleh air dicatat.
6. Jisim akhir pelita dan kandungannya, m2 segera ditimbang dan dicatat.
Calculation:
Number of moles of methanol = (m1 – m2) / 32 = n mol 1
Heat given out = mc(T2 – T1) = x J = x / 1000 kJ = y kJ 1
Heat of combustion of methanol = y / n = - z kJmol-1 1
Pengiraan:
Bilangan mol bagi metanol = (m1 – m2) / 32 = n mol
Haba yang dibebaskan = mc(T2 – T1) = x J = x / 1000 kJ = y kJ
Haba pembakaran bagi metanol = y / n = -z kJmol-1
TOTAL / JUMLAH 20
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Question Answer Marks
Soalan Jawapan Markah
Experiment I
1. Solvent X: Water. 1
2. Hydrogen chloride gas ionises in water to produce hydrogen ions and
chloride ions. 1
3. The presence of hydrogen ions causes the hydrochloric acid to react
with magnesium to produce hydrogen gas. 1
Experiment II
4. Solvent Y: Propanone // methylbenzene // trichloromethane //
tetrachloromethane 1
5. In organic solvent, hydrogen chloride still exists as molecules. 1
6. Without the presence of hydrogen ion, the reaction does not occur. 1
10 (a)
Eksperimen I
1. Pelarut X: Air
2. Gas hidrogen klorida mengion dalam air untuk menghasilkan ion
hidrogen dan ion klorida.
3. Kehadiran ion hidrogen menyebabkan asid hidroklorik bertindak balas
dengan magnesium untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen.
Eksperimen II
4. Pelarut Y: Propanon // metilbenzena // triklorometana //
tetraklorometana
5. Dalam pelarut organik, hidrogen klorida kekal wujud sebagai molekul.
6. Tanpa kehadiran ion hidrogen, tindak balas tidak berlaku.
1. Acid reacts with a base or alkali to produce salt and water. 1
Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to produce
sodium chloride and water. 1
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O 1+1
Asid bertindak balas dengan bes atau alkali untuk menghasilkan garam
dan air. Any Set
Asid hidroklorik bertindak balas dengan larutan natrium hidroksida
untuk menghasilkan natrium klorida dan air. Max 4
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
2. Acid reacts with a reactive metal to produce salt and hydrogen gas.
Nitric acid reacts with magnesium to produce magnesium nitrate and
hydrogen gas.
(b) 2HNO3 + Mg → Mg(NO3)2 + H2
Asid bertindak balas dengan logam reaktif untuk menghasilkan garam
dan gas hidrogen.
Asid nitrik bertindak balas dengan magnesium untuk menghasilkan
magnesium nitrat dan gas hidrogen.
2HNO3 + Mg → Mg(NO3)2 + H2
3. Acid reacts with a metal carbonate to produce salt, carbon dioxide gas
and water.
Sulphuric acid reacts with calcium carbonate to produce calcium
sulphate, carbon dioxide gas and water.
H2SO4 + CaCO3 → CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O
Asid bertindak balas dengan logam karbonat untuk menghasilkan
garam, gas karbon dioksida dan air.
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Asid sulfurik bertindak balas dengan kalsium karbonat untuk
menghasilkan kalsium sulfat, gas karbon dioksida dan air.
H2SO4 + CaCO3 → CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O
Calculation:
Number of moles of NaOH = MV / 1000 = (1 × 250) / 1000 = 0.25 mol 1
Mass of NaOH needed = 0.25 × [23 + 16 + 1] = 10 g 1
Pengiraan:
Bilangan mol bagi NaOH = MV / 1000 = (1 ×250) / 1000 = 0.25 mol
Jisim NaOH yang diperlukan = 0.25 ×[23 + 16 + 1] = 10 g
Steps:
1. 10.0 g of solid sodium hydroxide is weighed in a dry weighing bottle. 1
2. Solid sodium hydroxide is transferred into a beaker containing 25 cm3
of distilled water and the mixture is stirred to dissolve the solid. 1
3. The solution from the beaker is then carefully poured into a 250 cm 3
volumetric flask through a filter funnel. 1
(c)
4. The weighing bottle and the beaker are rinsed with a small amount of
distilled water and poured into the volumetric flask. 1
5. Distilled water is poured into the volumetric flask until the calibration
mark. 1
6. The volumetric flask is then closed with a stopper and inverted a few
times to get homogenous solution. 1
Langkah-langkah:
1. 10.0 g pepejal natrium hidroksida ditimbang dalam botol penimbang
yang kering.
2. Pepejal natrium hidroksida dipindahkan ke dalam bikar yang
mengandungi 25 cm3 air suling dan campuran itu dikacau untuk
melarutkan pepejal.
3. Larutan daripada bikar dituang dengan berhati-hati ke dalam satu
kelalang volumetrik 250 cm3 melalui satu corong turas.
4. Botol penimbang dan bikar dibilas dengan sedikit air dan dituang ke
dalam kelalang volumetrik.
5. Air suling dituang ke dalam kelalang volumetrik sehingga tanda
senggatan.
6. Kelalang volumetrik kemudiannya ditutup dengan penutup dan
diterbalikkan beberapa kali untuk mendapatkan larutan homogen.
TOTAL / JUMLAH 20
END OF ANSWER PAPER / JAWAPAN TAMAT
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2
Proton number He
Helium
10 4
Symbol
3 4 Ne 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be Neon B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium 20 Name of element Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 Relative atomic mass 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35 40
32
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Germa-
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
nium
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 75 79 80 84
73
42
37 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Molyb-
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
denum 101
86 88 89 91 93 98 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
96
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
133 137 139 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 210 210 222
104 105 106 107 108 109
87 88 89
Fr Ra Ac Unq Unp Unh Uns Uno Une
Unnil Unnil Unnil- Unni- Unni- Unni-
Francium Radium Actinium
quadium pentium hexium lseptium loctium lennium
223 226 227
257 260 263 262 265 266
64
58 59 60 61 62 63 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Praseo
Gadoliniu
Cerium dymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Terbium Dyprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
144 m
140 141 147 150 152 167 163 165 167 169 173 175
157
98 101 103
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 99 100 102
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Califor- Mendele- Lawren-
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Einsteinium Fermium Nobelium
nium vium cium
232 231 238 237 244 243 247 247 254 253 254
249 256 257