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A. How to Develop a Strong Research Question?
5 Steps:
1. Choose a broad topic.
2. Do some preliminary reading about your topic.
3. Narrow down to a specific niche. Make sure that the research is within a
feasible scope instead of something too broad to achieved in a given
timeframe.
4. Identify a research problem.
5. Write your research questions. Turning your research problem into a
question.
 A good research question should be focused, researchable,

feasible, specific, complex (should not be answered by yes or no)
and relevant.
B. How to Write a Research Methodology in 4 Steps
4 Steps
1. Explain your methodological approach. What was your research problem
and what type of data did you need to answer it?
2. Describe your methods of data collection. What to include: the sampling
method or criteria, the tools, procedure and materials; and the variables
you measured.
3. Describe your methods of analysis. How you processed and analyzed the
data. Avoid going into so much detail with this. For Quantitative, include the
data preparation, software and statistical methods. For Qualitative, include
language, images and interpretations to identify recurring themes and
patterns.
4. Evaluate and justify methodological choices. Your methodology should
make the case for why you chose these particular methods, especially if you
did not take the most standard approach to your topic. Discuss why other
methods were not suitable for your objectives and show how this approach
contributes new knowledge or understanding. You cannot acknowledge
limitations or weaknesses in the approach you chose, but justify why these
were outweighed by the strengths.
Tips to make your methodology chapter even better

1. Focus on your objectives and research questions. Show why your methods
suit your objectives and convince the reader that you chose the best
approach to answer the research questions.
2. Cite sources. Strengthen your methodology by referencing existing research
that used similar methods, or citing methodological literature that supports
your choices.
3. Discuss obstacles. If you encountered any difficulties in collecting or
analyzing data, explain how you dealt with them. Show how you minimized
the impact of any unexpected obstacles.
C. How to Write a Successful Research Proposal
 A research proposal aims to reflect the relevance, context, approach and
feasibility of your project.
Parts of a Research proposal
1. Title Page
2. Introduction – introduce the context of your research problem and
show that your project is interesting, original and important. Questions
to guide your introduction: How much is already known? For whom is
this interesting? What are the key research questions?
3. Literature Review. A strong literature review convinces the reader that
your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory.
4. Research Design – the research design or methodology section should
describe the overall approach and practical steps you will take to
answer your research questions. Describe: research types, sources,
research methods and practicalities.
5. implications
6. Reference List
7. Research Schedule
8. Revision
D. Primary vs. Secondary Sources: The Differences Explained

 Primary sources provide raw information and first-hand evidence. A
primary source is anything that gives you direct evidence about the
people, events, or phenomena that you are researching. Primary
sources make your work more original and credible.
 Secondary sources provide second-hand information and commentary
from other researchers. A secondary source is anything that describes,
interprets, evaluates or analyze information from primary sources.
Secondary sources show how your work relate to existing research.
Secondary sources often bring together a large number of primary
sources that would be difficult and time consuming to gather by
yourself.
 Use primary sources when you want to: Make new discoveries, provide
your own original analysis aor give direct evidence for your arguments.
 Use secondary sources when you want to: provide background
information on the topic, support or contrast your arguments with
others’ ideas or use information from primary sources that you can’t
access directly.
E. How to Avoid Plagiarism with 3 Simple tricks

1. Keep track of your sources.
2. Quote and paraphrase
3. Use a plagiarism checker.
F. What is Plagiarism
 Plagiarism is when you use someone else’s words or ideas without
crediting the source and pass it as your own.
Types of Plagiarism
1. Verbatim Plagiarism – copy and paste.
2. Patchwork Plagiarism – you phrases and ideas from different sources
and put them together to create a new text.
3. Paraphrasing Plagiarism – paraphrasing without credits
4. Global plagiarism – when you take someone else’s work entirely and
use it as your own.
5. Self-plagiarism – reusing the work you submitted already
G. APA 7th Edition: The Basics of APA In-text Citations

 An in-text citation concisely identifies the source of information or ideas. It
helps readers to locate the corresponding entry in the reference list at the
end of your paper.
 You can integrate the in-text citation into a sentence using either a
parenthetical or narrative citation.
 For parenthetical citations, write the author name and publication year
within parenthesis. These are usually placed at the end of the sentence,
just before the period.
 For narrative citations, the author’s name appears naturally within a

sentence. Place the publication year directly after the author’s name.
 If there are multiple authors, a maximum of two authors are included in

the in-text citation. If there are more you use “et al” which means ‘and
others’.
 If the author is unknown, but you know the organization that created, use
the organization name. if you don’t, then use the title.

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A. How to Develop a Strong Research Question?

 A good research question should be focused, researchable,

Tips to make your methodology chapter even better

D. Primary vs. Secondary Sources: The Differences Explained

E. How to Avoid Plagiarism with 3 Simple tricks

G. APA 7th Edition: The Basics of APA In-text Citations

 For narrative citations, the author’s name appears naturally within a

 If there are multiple authors, a maximum of two authors are included in

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