ARC1123

CONCEPT: Functional Zoning

(Activity Analysis and Linkages)
CONCEPT: Circulation and Building Form
(Linkages for Efficiency in Shelter)

• Sequence in time
CONCEPT: Functional Zoning • Required Environment
(Activity Analysis and Linkages) o Furniture Types
o Need For View
Introduction o Need for Ceiling Height or shape
Approaches in the Design Process o Special Electrical Needs
• Techniques, models, paradigms, idioms and • Types of effects produced
processes for designing o Radiation Produced
⮚ Serve as a vehicles/catalysts for o Smokes and Fumes
improving the effectiveness of a designer o Chemicals
• Characteristics of people involved
⮚ They broaden and deepen the designer’s
understanding of design activities • Volume of people involved
• Extent of man and machine involvement
⮚ Use to organize and present information
for designing • Degree of emergency or critical situations
• Relative of speed of respective activities
⮚ To provide successful architectural
• Frequency of activity occurrence
solutions
Concepts have been the designer’s way of responding to • Duration of activities
the design situation presented in the program • Anticipated growth and change
• They are derived from problem analysis
or initially prompted by it. CONCEPT: Circulation and Building Form
• They are rudimentary in character (Linkages for Efficiency in Shelter)
• They both require and must embrace
further development Circulation and Building Forms CONCEPTS
Although design projects may begin with a single overall
direction, any building design comes is in fact composed Circulation – movement through space
of many concepts.  Can be conceived as the perceptual thread
• Concepts may be product or process that links the exterior/interior spaces of a
oriented and can take place in any stage structure
in the design process
• Can occur in any scale Circulation Elements
• Can be generated from several sources  The building approach
• Have a hierarchal nature o Frontal
Checklist In Deign o Oblique
o Spiral
FUNCTION
(activity
SPACE
(volume
 2. The building entrance
grouping
and zoning)
required
by activities) o From outside to inside
GEOMETRY
(circulation, CONTEXT
 Implied (change of level)
 Real (pillars, gateway)
form (site and
and image) climate)

DESIGN
ENCLOSURE
(structure,
SOLUTION
o Entrance
 Flush, Projected, Recessed
SYSTEMS
enclosing (mechanical,
planes &
electrical, etc.)
openings)

ECONOMIC HUMAN
 Emphasized, Circuitous
(first cost
maintenance
cost)
FACTORS
(perception,
behavior, etc.)
 Centered, placed off-center
 articulated
 3. Configuration of the path (major and minor
Concept by Categories
axis)
• Functional zoning
o Linear-
• Architectural space
 straight or curvilinear,
• Circulation and building forms
 segmented (intersected, have
• Response to context
branches)
• Building envelope
 looped
ZONING according to use and need. Relating the spaces
o Radial
and areas according to specific activities and service.
o Spiral (stairs, ramps)
Functional Zoning Concepts
o Grid
o Network (random paths that connect
• Need for Adjacency
established points)
• Similarity in general role o Composite (combination of the above)
• Relatedness to Departments, Goals and Systems  4. Path-space relationships

UST Architecture | College of Architecture | TOA2 | Handout 4 | Updated S.Y. 2020-21 Page 1
 o Pass by spaces o Hollow columns outside
o Path through spaces o Hollow columns inside
o Terminate in a space o Shafts inside
 5. Form of the circulation space o Shafts outside
o Exterior (promenade, malls) o Systems rooms on floors
o Interior (Corridors, balconies, galleries, o Entire floors given to systems
stairs, rooms) o Adjacent systems building
o Enclosed, open on one side, open on o Interstitial space between floors
both sides o Group shafts penetration
o Through structure
Circulation and building form o Use room soffit
o Above, below hallways
 Line generated circulation o Roof tunnels, tunnels
 Point generated circulation o Integrate with windows
 Circulation within circulation o Hollow walls
 Space-circulation relationships o dropped or exposed ceiling
o Space to circulation linkages o raised floor
 Side, Flanking,
 over, under, Building Form
 diagonal, through, neck link  Semantics-the study of meanings
o Plan Concepts for Spaces of similar size  Architectural semantics-architectural
and shape meanings
 Single, double loaded  Signals and signs
 Alternate, solid , void  1.Signs
 Random voids, graduated  Three types of signs
spacing  Indexial sign- a relation
 Graduated distances from between a signifier and the
circulation axis signified (arrows indicate
o Sections concepts for spaces of similar direction)
size and shape  Iconic signs – a sign which
o Plan Concepts for Spaces of different refer to an object denoted
sizes and shapes by a characteristics
 Zone size differences outside  Symbolic signs-arbitrary
 Zone size differences inside relation between the
o Sections concepts for spaces of different signifier and the signified
sizes and shapes (associated)
o Plan concepts for spaces of different  2. Symbols
shapes  Symbolism-
o Sectional concepts for spaces of different  basic strategy of perception
shapes based on learning and
 Space-circulation sections heredity
 Placing unique space shapes in plan  An object or phenomenon
 Entry points for circulation which has meaning, it
o Definition of overall circulation form evokes emotional reaction
o Entry at special points on circulation  Architectural, plumbing, electrical
shape  3. Expression
o Entry definition by space, size, shape and  Architectural expression
placement  Visual expression of function
 Placing vertical circulation at unique points in plan
o Locate at joints in circulation patterns Building form Concepts
o Ends of circulation • Basic forms
o Centers, corners, entry points o Cubes
 Movement systems o Rectangular solid
o Systems may occur in plan and section o Dome
o Simple sequence o Truncated half dome
o Multiple parallel sequences o Sphere
o Multiple destinations o Cylinder
o Grouped origins o Half cylinder
o Main sequences feeding other o Truncated cylinder
sequences\ o Truncated half cylinder
o Converging diverging o Barrel vault
o Main sequence and feeders o Truncated vault
o Simple closed loop o Cone
o Feed back loops o Half cone
o Main process and sub-processes o Truncated cone
 Routing systems through buildings o Pyramid

UST Architecture | College of Architecture | TOA2 | Handout 4 | Updated S.Y. 2020-21 Page 2
 o Truncated pyramid Sources::
o Prism
o Truncated prism Architectural Graphics Standards, CD Rom, 2004
o Irregular prism Ching, Francis D.K. (2007) Architecture Form, space and
• Grouping of forms by qualities Order, 4th edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Retrieved
o By size, proportion, and shape from
• Specific form to form relationships https://www.academia.edu/34808211/Architecture_-
o Faces to faces _Form_Space_and_Order_4th_edition
o Corners to corners Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia, 2003.
o Edges to edges Lifted and updated from Ar. Willa Solomon’s TOA 2 lecture
o Centers to centers materials
• Achieving visual interest Lifted and updated from Ar. Christopher Luna’s TOA 2
o Solid-void lecture materials
o Proportion White, E.T. (1975) Concept Sourcebook: A Vocabulary of
o Spatial pause around focus Architectural Forms. Tucson: Konemann.
o Backdrop https://www.slideshare.net/coolgirl0000/concept-
o Aim at focus source-book-edward-white
o Shape
o Position
o Size
o Progression
o Texture
o Scoring
o Material
o Level
o Orientation
o Landscaping
o Paving pattern
• Building images in plan
• Building images in elevations

Copyright 2021 by University of Santo Tomas College of

Architecture TOA 2 Sub-cluster

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(TOA2) Sub-cluster in preparation for S.Y. 2020-21. These
pages and any portion thereof may not be reproduced or
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UST Architecture | College of Architecture | TOA2 | Handout 4 | Updated S.Y. 2020-21 Page 3